Готові списки джерел за темами / Non ideal devices

Зміст

Статті в журналах
Дисертації
Книги
Частини книг
Тези доповідей конференцій
Звіти організацій

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Non ideal devices"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 січня 2025

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Non ideal devices".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Non ideal devices"

West, Brian R., and David V. Plant. "Optimization of non-ideal multimode interference devices." Optics Communications 279, no. 1 (November 2007): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2007.06.056.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Schroeder, D., and U. Witkowski. "Simulation of semiconductor devices with non-ideal metallic contacts." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 44, no. 4 (April 1997): 679–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.563375.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Natan, A., L. Kronik, H. Haick, and R. T. Tung. "Electrostatic Properties of Ideal and Non-ideal Polar Organic Monolayers: Implications for Electronic Devices." Advanced Materials 19, no. 23 (December 3, 2007): 4103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200701681.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Davey, K. "Optimization shows Halbach arrays to be non-ideal for induction devices." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 36, no. 4 (July 2000): 1035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.877618.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Lee, Jae-Eun, Chuljun Lee, Dong-Wook Kim, Daeseok Lee, and Young-Ho Seo. "An On-Chip Learning Method for Neuromorphic Systems Based on Non-Ideal Synapse Devices." Electronics 9, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111946.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In this paper, we propose an on-chip learning method that can overcome the poor characteristics of pre-developed practical synaptic devices, thereby increasing the accuracy of the neural network based on the neuromorphic system. The fabricated synaptic devices, based on Pr1−xCaxMnO3, LiCoO2, and TiOx, inherently suffer from undesirable characteristics, such as nonlinearity, discontinuities, and asymmetric conductance responses, which degrade the neuromorphic system performance. To address these limitations, we have proposed a conductance-based linear weighted quantization method, which controls conductance changes, and trained a neural network to predict the handwritten digits from the standard database MNIST. Furthermore, we quantitatively considered the non-ideal case, to ensure reliability by limiting the conductance level to that which synaptic devices can practically accept. Based on this proposed learning method, we significantly improved the neuromorphic system, without any hardware modifications to the synaptic devices or neuromorphic systems. Thus, the results emphatically show that, even for devices with poor synaptic characteristics, the neuromorphic system performance can be improved.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Nguyen, Quoc-Minh, Nan-Hui Chiang, Huu-Duy Tran, Hung-Yu Wang, and Li-Te Yin. "Symbolic nodal analysis of conveyor-based circuits considering non-ideal active devices." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 69, no. 11 (November 2015): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2015.07.014.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Gubicza, Agnes, Miklós Csontos, András Halbritter, and György Mihály. "Non-exponential resistive switching in Ag2S memristors: a key to nanometer-scale non-volatile memory devices." Nanoscale 7, no. 10 (2015): 4394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr00399g.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

English, Lisa B. "In Pursuit of an Ideal – A Perspective on Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring." European Endocrinology 8, no. 1 (2010): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ee.2012.08.01.18.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally, and is the fourth or fifth leading cause of death in many countries. Medical technology for the management of diabetes has advanced steadily since the discovery of insulin in the early 20th century. Today, individuals with diabetes benefit from home-use blood glucose meters, continuous insulin pumps and, most recently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Numerous studies have shown that frequent use of real-time CGM can improve glycaemic control with reduced risk of hypoglycaemia. However, current CGM devices have not been wholeheartedly embraced, limiting their potential. A CGM device that is accurate, non-invasive, pain-free and non-intrusive to daily activities could drive increased adoption and use of CGM, potentially improving health and quality of life for many individuals living with diabetes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Alim, Mohammad A., Sanjida Khanam, and Martin A. Seitz. "Immittance Spectroscopy of Smart Components and Novel Devices." Active and Passive Electronic Components 16, no. 3-4 (1994): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/25820.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AC small-signal immittance spectroscopy is employed as a viable tool to demonstrate electrical characterization, performance improvement, and quality assurance issues of smart materials-based components and novel devices. The variation in the ac response, complemented via dc measurements within a range of tolerating temperature, delineates competing phenomena occurring in the microstructures of these engineering material systems. The results are presented in a generic manner with possible explanations on the mechanisms for two selected Debye-like (nearly ideal) and non-Debye (non-ideal) low-capacitance resistors. This spectroscopic approach allows systematic development of a representative equivalent circuit, considered to be the characteristic of the devices and components, for specific applications.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Halverson, Adam F., and Loucas Tsakalakos. "Junction Operation of GaAs Wire Array Solar Cells." MRS Proceedings 1493 (2013): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.403.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ABSTRACTWire array solar cells benefit from enhanced coupling of light into the active area of the device, significantly decreased collection lengths due to radial charge separation and collection, and easier access to grain boundaries for passivation which may enable future deposition on non-wafer substrates. We report on an analysis of the junction operation of wire array based GaAs solar cells through temperature and light intensity dependent current-voltage analysis and compare these data to matched planar devices. We see evidence of non-ideal recombination pathways indicated by activation energies for generation-recombination that are significantly less than the band gap of GaAs. We observe voltage shifts in the wire array devices at low temperature and high light intensity that we posit can be explained by electron accumulation in the window layers of the devices.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Non ideal devices"

Vezin, Thomas. "Uneven temperatures in hot carrier solar cells : optical characterization and device simulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX061.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Les cellules solaires à porteurs chauds promettent des rendements théoriques supérieurs à 66%. N´néanmoins, les dispositifs réels ont des rendements nettement inférieurs, de l’ordre de 10%. Pour comprendre cette différence, il est nécessaire de complexifier notre compréhension des cellules solaires à porteurs chauds en introduisant des effets non-idéaux. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions deux effets ≪ d’écart de température ≫: (i) l’existence d’un gradient de température dans l’absorbeur (température inhomogène) et (ii) l’existence de deux températures différentes pour les électrons et les trous. Dans le premier cas, nous proposons une description théorique du transport adaptée à cette situation particulière. Nous montrons que le transport est ambipolaire et thermoélectrique, et proposons une expression théorique pour les coefficients de transport. Ensuite, nous proposons une expérience basée sur une mesure hyperspectrale de photoluminescence en régime continu pour caractériser les coefficients de transport. Nous mesurons en particulier le coefficient Seebeck ambipolaire d’un puits quantique de (In,Ga,As)P. Dans le second cas, nous commençons par prouver que la température des électrons et des trous sont toutes deux accessibles par une simple mesure de photoluminescence en régime continu. En effet, l’absorptivité ´e d’un échantillon dépend des distributions des électrons et des trous grâce au terme de ≪ band filling ≫. Cette technique nécessite que l’échantillon soit soumis à une excitation intense, de sorte que les électrons et les trous soient dans un régime dégénère. Enfin, nous avons étudié l’impact de ces deux effets sur l’opération des cellules `a porteurs chauds. Nous avons d’abord calcul ´e le voltage d’une cellule sujette à l’un ou l’autre de ces deux effets d’écart de température, et montré qu’ils sont identiques. Ensuite, nous avons montré que la différence de température entre les électrons et les trous (à température effective fixée) conduit `a une augmentation de l’efficacité de la cellule, de l’ordre de 1 `a 2 points maximum. Cet effet ´ étant limité, il n’est pas nécessaire de caractériser avec précision la température des électrons et des trous, la connaissance de la température effective semble suffisante
Hot-carrier solar cells promise theoretical efficiencies exceeding 66%. However, actual devicesexhibit significantly lower efficiencies, around 10%. To understand this discrepancy, it is necessary to complicate our understanding of hot-carrier solar cells by introducing non-ideal effects. In this thesis, we study two “uneven temperature” effects: (i) the existence of a temperature gradient within the absorber (inhomogeneous temperature) and (ii) the existence of two different temperatures for electrons and holes. In the first case, we propose a theoretical description of transport adapted to this specific situation. We show that the transport is ambipolar and thermoelectric, and we propose a theoretical expression for the transport coefficients. Next, we suggest an experiment based on hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging in steady-state to characterize transport coefficients. In particular, we measure the ambipolar Seebeck coefficient of an (In,Ga,As)P quantum well. In the second case, we begin by proving that electron and hole temperatures s are both accessible through steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy. Indeed, the absorptivity of a sample depends on the distributions of electrons and holes due to the ”band filling” effect. This technique requires that the sample be subjected to intense excitation, ensuring that the electrons and holes are in a degenerate regime. Finally, we studied the impact of these two uneven temperature effects on the operation of hot-carrier solar cells. We first calculated the voltage of a cell subject to either of these effects and showed that they result in identical cell voltage. We then demonstrated that the temperature difference between electrons and holes (at a fixed effective temperature) leads to an increase in cell efficiency, by about 1 to 2 points maximum. This effect being limited, precise characterization of electron and hole temperatures is unnecessary to design hot-carrier solar cells

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Henningsen, Marjorie. "Left to their own devices: Student-led inquiry into mathematical ideas in kindergarten." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-82566.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Книги з теми "Non ideal devices"

Loew, Katharina. Special Effects and German Silent Film. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725231.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In recent decades, special effects have become a major new area of research in cinema studies. For the most part, they have been examined as spectacles or practical tools. In contrast, Special Effects and German Silent Film, foregrounds their function as an expressive device and their pivotal role in cinema’s emergence as a full-fledged art. Special effects not only shaped the look of iconic films like Nosferatu (1922) or Metropolis (1927), but they are central to a comprehensive understanding of German silent film culture writ large. This book examines special effects as the embodiment of a “techno-romantic” paradigm that seeks to harness technology – the epitome of modern materialism – as a means for accessing a spiritual realm. Employed to visualize ideas and emotions in a medium-specific way, special effects thus paved the way for film art.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Arulkumaran, Nishkantha, and Maurizio Cecconi. Cardiac output assessment in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0136.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Haemodynamic monitoring facilitates effective resuscitation and the rapid assessment of the response to time-dependent vasoactive and fluid therapyin different shock states. Since the introduction of the pulmonary artery catheter, several minimally and non-invasive CO monitoring devices have been introduced to provide continuous monitoring and a dynamic profile of fluid responsiveness. Several of these monitors provide additional haemodynamic parameters including dynamic indices of preload and volumetric indices. Patient outcome is dependent accurate acquisition and interpretation of data and subsequent management. Whilst data from CO monitors offer valuable information on global hamodynamics, they do not preclude tissue hypoperfusion. Furthermore, there is no ‘ideal’ CO value for an individual patient, and the trend in haemodynamic parameters in response to therapy may be more informative than the absolute values. CO monitoring should be based upon the patient’s needs, the clinical scenario, and the experience of the treating physician.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Scarani, Valerio. Bell Nonlocality. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788416.001.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Nonlocality was discovered by John Bell in 1964, in the context of the debates about quantum theory, but is a phenomenon that can be studied in its own right. Its observation proves that measurements are not revealing pre-determined values, falsifying the idea of “local hidden variables” suggested by Einstein and others. One is then forced to make some radical choice: either nature is intrinsically statistical and individual events are unspeakable, or our familiar space-time cannot be the setting for the whole of physics. As phenomena, nonlocality and its consequences will have to be predicted by any future theory, and may possibly play the role of foundational principles in these developments. But nonlocality has found a role in applied physics too: it can be used for “device-independent” certification of the correct functioning of random number generators and other devices. After a self-contained introduction to the topic, this monograph on nonlocality presents the main tools and results following a logical, rather than a chronological, order.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Bell, Christine. Myanmar: Interim Governance Arrangements: Comparative Principles and Practice. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.90.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Comparative Principles and Practice The background to this brief is the context of the military coup in Myanmar in February 2021, and the declaration of a state of emergency by the military, which has effectively set aside the 2008 Constitution and the elections held under it. The coup has been rejected by the international community as illegitimate and has generated a strong civil disobedience and protest movement, and those elected in November 2020 have formed interim institutions aiming to move towards a democratic order. The military have also recently re-termed their post-coup regime as a ‘provisional government’. This brief sets out some comparative principles and practices of interim governance arrangements, which are a device often used to move on from crisis. The brief does not purport to offer direct advice as to the way forward in Myanmar, as that will be for all the relevant stakeholders in the country to agree. Rather, it seeks to support deliberation, and some questions for this purpose are provided at the end of the brief.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Reimer, Marga, and Elisabeth Camp. Metaphor. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0033.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Metaphor has traditionally been construed as a linguistic phenomenon: as something produced and understood by speakers of natural language. So understood, metaphors are naturally viewed as linguistic expressions of a particular type, or as linguistic expressions used in a particular type of way. This linguistic conception of metaphor is adopted in this article. In doing so, the article does not intend to rule out the possibility of non-linguistic forms of metaphor. Many theorists think that non-linguistic objects (such as paintings or dance performances) or conceptual structures (like love as a journey or argument as war) should also be treated as metaphors. Indeed, the idea that metaphors are in the first instance conceptual phenomena, and linguistic devices only derivatively, is the dominant view in what is now the dominant area of metaphor research: cognitive science. In construing metaphor as linguistic, the article merely intends to impose appropriate constraints on a discussion whose focus is the understanding and analysis of metaphor within contemporary philosophy of language.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Jaszczolt, Kasia M. Pragmatic indexicals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786658.003.0013.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In this chapter Kasia M. Jaszczolt offers a pragmatic, contextualist account of the meaning of devices used for first-person reference that makes use of the post-Gricean idea of top-down modification of truth-conditional content. On this view, the indexical/non-indexical distinction becomes blurred because expressions on each side of the dichotomy can have indexical as well as non-indexical functions. She demonstrates how indexicality can be ‘pragmaticized’, and how the resulting ‘functional indexicals’ can be represented in her radical contextualist theory of Default Semantics.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Menon, Ashok, Olga Lavryk, Haris A. Khwaja, John R. Bartholomew, and Zubaidah Nor Hanipah. Thromboembolic Complications after Bariatric Surgery. Edited by Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer, and Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0012.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of early death after bariatric surgery, even in the laparoscopic era, accounting for up to a third of early deaths. While risk factors associated with the development of postoperative VTE in nonbariatric surgery are relevant in bariatric patients, it is now clear that both obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, pose an additional risk. Attempts have been made to standardize VTE prophylaxis for patients undergoing bariatric surgery, and early ambulation, mechanical compression devices, chemoprophylaxis, and inferior vena cava filters have all been studied extensively. However, the relative lack of high-quality evidence from randomized trials means that a consensus about what constitutes an ideal VTE prophylaxis regime has not yet been achieved.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Capmany, José, and Daniel Pérez. Programmable Integrated Photonics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844402.001.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Programmable Integrated Photonics (PIP) is a new paradigm that aims at designing common integrated optical hardware configurations, which by suitable programming can implement a variety of functionalities that, in turn, can be exploited as basic operations in many application fields. Programmability enables by means of external control signals both chip reconfiguration for multifunction operation as well as chip stabilization against non-ideal operation due to fluctuations in environmental conditions and fabrication errors. Programming also allows activating parts of the chip, which are not essential for the implementation of a given functionality but can be of help in reducing noise levels through the diversion of undesired reflections. After some years where the Application Specific Photonic Integrated Circuit (ASPIC) paradigm has completely dominated the field of integrated optics, there is an increasing interest in PIP justified by the surge of a number of emerging applications that are and will be calling for true flexibility, reconfigurability as well as low-cost, compact and low-power consuming devices. This book aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to this emergent field covering aspects that range from the basic aspects of technologies and building photonic component blocks to the design alternatives and principles of complex programmable photonics circuits, their limiting factors, techniques for characterization and performance monitoring/control and their salient applications both in the classical as well as in the quantum information fields. The book concentrates and focuses mainly on the distinctive features of programmable photonics as compared to more traditional ASPIC approaches.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Madassery, Sreekumar. Obtaining Hemostasis at Puncture Sites. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0046.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This chapter pertains to femoral artery access. Attaining an “ideal” access is essential for maximizing the chances of maintaining effective hemostasis. Deciding whether to perform arterial access closure using the gold standard of manual compression versus a vascular closure device (VCD) requires the operator to evaluate many characteristics of the patient. The location of the arteriotomy, vessel size, degree of calcification, use of anticoagulants, and sheath size during the procedure are the primary factors that need to be considered. The ISAR-CLOSURE study reported that use of VCDs was not inferior to manual compression. This chapter discusses applications and potential complications of VCDs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Garland, David. 1. What is the welfare state? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199672660.003.0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

There are three general conceptions used for the welfare state: the first characterizes the welfare state as welfare for the poor; the second focuses on social insurance, social rights, and social services; and the third highlights economic management and the role that the ‘government of the economy’ plays in every welfare state. ‘What is the welfare state?’ explains that welfare states are varied, complex, and difficult to define. There is no simple theory that clearly expresses what they do, no simple vision that neatly captures what they are for. The welfare state is a damage-limiting, problem-solving device rather than anyone’s ideal social relationship.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Non ideal devices"

Dev, Arvind Arun, Florencia Sacarelli, G. Bagheri, Aleena Joseph, Anna Oleshkevych, E. Bodenschatz, Peter Dunne, Thomas Hermans, and Bernard Doudin. "Scaling and Flow Profiles in Magnetically Confined Liquid-In-Liquid Channels." In Topics in Applied Physics, 41–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58376-6_5.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractFerrofluids kept in place by permanent magnet quadrupoles can act as liquid walls to surround a second non-magnetic liquid inside, resulting in a liquid fluidic channel with diameter ranging from mm down to less than 10 µm. Micro particle tracking velocimetry (µPTV) experiments and modeling show that near ideal plug flow is possible in such liquid-in-liquid channels due to the reduced friction at the walls. The measured fluid velocity profiles agree with the predictions of a hydrodynamic model of cylindrical symmetry with a minimal set of hypotheses. By introducing symmetry-breaking elements in the system, we show how unique velocity and flow properties can be obtained. Our liquid-in-liquid confinement opens new possibilities for < 10 µm-sized microfluidics with low pressures and low shear, with flow characteristics not attainable in comparable solid-wall devices.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Barklage, Alexander, and Rolf Radespiel. "Interaction of Wake and Propulsive Jet Flow of a Generic Space Launcher." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 129–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_8.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This work investigates the interaction of the afterbody flow with the propulsive jet flow on a generic space launcher equipped with two alternative nozzle concepts and different afterbody geometries. The flow phenomena are characterized by experimental measurements and numerical URANS and LES simulations. Investigations concern a configuration with a conventional truncated ideal contour nozzle and a configuration with an unconventional dual-bell nozzle. In order to attenuate the dynamic loads on the nozzle fairing, passive flow control devices at the base of the launcher main body are investigated on the configuration with TIC nozzle. The nozzle Reynolds number and the afterbody geometry are varied for the configuration with dual-bell nozzle. The results for integrated nozzles show a shift of the nozzle pressure ratio for transition from sea-level to altitude mode to significant lower levels. The afterbody geometry is varied including a reattaching and non-reattaching outer flow on the nozzle fairing. Investigations are performed at supersonic outer flow conditions with a Mach number of $$Ma_\infty =3$$. It turns out, that a reattachment of the outer flow on the nozzle fairing leads to an unstable nozzle operation.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Khandelwal, Sourabh. "Non-ideal Effects in Device Current and Their Modeling." In Advanced SPICE Model for GaN HEMTs (ASM-HEMT), 47–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77730-2_5.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Nishimura, Takahiro. "Fluorescence Energy Transfer Computing." In Photonic Neural Networks with Spatiotemporal Dynamics, 51–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-5072-0_3.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractThis chapter presents the concept and implementation of fluorescence energy transfer computing, specifically utilizing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between molecular fluorophores and quantum dots. FRET is a non-radiative form of excitation energy transfer that depends on the configuration and optical properties of molecular fluorophores and quantum dots. By designing energy flows through FRET, signal processing can be implemented to perform desired operations. Because the phenomenon occurs at the nanometer scale, miniaturization of information devices can be expected. This chapter reviews the concepts of FRET computing and the implementation of FRET computing devices. Then, a framework of DNA scaffold logic, which systematically handles FRET-based logic operations, is described. Finally, the idea of a FRET network is discussed as a method for enhancing FRET computing performance.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Wolf, Mario, and Jochen Teizer. "Creation and Acceptance of Low-Threshold Mobile Training on Sustainability in Construction." In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 34–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.04.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Many recent developments in mixed reality applications are exploited for research on improving training in the construction industry. While immersive technologies offer indisputable advantages over classic paper- or multi-media-based training material, access to this kind of technology is still very limited in the academic world and even less widespread in industry. In this paper, the authors follow the current trend of creating low-threshold micro-learning nuggets, which are easily consumable on mobile devices but can be accessed in every web browser. This is essential to reach the construction trade workforces, which for the most part will own a smart or mobile device, but neither specialized equipment, nor will there be time or patience for a lengthy setup phase before learning content consumption. The learning content aims to give construction workers a clear vision of what some of the fundamental components of a sustainable construction site should look like and what role they play in achieving the said vision. The learning content revolves around the initial idea of DGNB certification (German: German Sustainable Building Council), waste management, certification of construction wood, handling of harmful substances and chemicals and some general health and safety regulations that impact the emission of dust, noise and vibration. The paper describes the general approach of the planning, orchestration of learning material, development of the learning nugget, and deployment, as well as a study for acceptance and user experience

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Wermke, Wieland, and Eva Forsberg. "Understanding Education Reform Policy Trajectories by Analytical Sequencing." In Policy Implications of Research in Education, 59–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36970-4_4.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractThis chapter exemplifies a strategy for understanding and examining Policy and PracticeNexuses concerning education reform trajectories. Education policy-making is an increasingly complex process, mostly neither linear and rational nor unidirectional. However, to understand such processes, we advocate complexity reduction through analytical distinctions, sequencing, and entity-relationship-thinking. While policy-practice nexuses are conflated in the reality of public education, our analytical approach must produce a somewhat linear, sequential understanding. Drawing on this argument, we propose a model which displays education reform trajectories and explore the model in terms of empirical objects. With the distinction between entities and relationships, we facilitate analytical definitions in Policy-Practice Research regarding what affects what and how it does so. Relationships are units of re-contextualization, process, and transfer, which demand the presence of at least two entities. Moreover, Time becomes an analytical device. Each unit conditions the next. The prior development of ideas always conditions the current context of the analyses. Finally, we advocate comparative education reform policy analyses. While selecting (national and sectorial), cases become critical. Comparisons may uncover the different layers of universality and particularity.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Joffe, Michael. "An Outline of Existing Monitoring Systems." In Evaluating Economic Success, 41–73. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57671-3_3.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractEconomic performance has long been routinely measured by GDP. Although it is a good measure of activity, it is generally agreed to be a poor measure of economic success. The reasons are that it omits domestic labour and other unpaid work, it includes a great deal of economic activity that does not contribute directly to economic welfare (“defensive expenditures”) and may be harmful to individuals, society or the environment, and it is insensitive to inequality. There are also several other, more technical, problems. More fundamentally, purchases that merely improve one person’s economic standing compared to others make no contribution to aggregate wellbeing yet are counted in GDP. And macro-evidence shows that in rich societies, increasing prosperity is subject to diminishing returns—as GDP per person rises ever higher, the amount of additional benefit greatly decreases, possibly even to zero.There have been various responses to this situation. One is to start from GDP, and attempt to remedy its defects by adding some items (e.g. domestic labour) and subtracting others (e.g. the cost of deterioration of nature). Various methods have been devised to adjust for inequality. And there have been many attempts to broaden the range of included items to form composite indices—the basic motivation being that economic success is only one criterion of societal benefit (this is not the same thing as providing a measure of economic success). Some useful ideas have emerged from this work, but there are no clear criteria for deciding which items should be included. Furthermore, the underlying notion is that monitoring something desirable will in itself lead to improvement—whereas in reality, effective policy needs to be based on the determinants of desirable outcomes that can be altered. And it is difficult to envisage such composite indices displacing GDP in the development of major policies. However, a different approach to “beyond GDP”, the OECD/EU initiative for an “economy of wellbeing”, has much in common with the emphasis on basic needs proposed in this book.A great deal of progress has been made in assessing household disposable income, in valuing public services that are free at the point of delivery and in evaluating “free” goods and new products. The valuation of the various types of assets has also advanced considerably, including the UN System of Environmental Economic Accounting and the Inclusive Wealth Index. Particular attention is needed in relation to critical resources that are non-substitutable, including drinkable water, fertile soil, and pollinators including bees.Subjective wellbeing has been the focus of much development activity. It is now widely monitored, and substantial research is being undertaken on its determinants. However, many methodological and conceptual problems remain, and its causal dependence on economic factors may be too weak to justify its sole use in evaluating the success of an economy. Health status needs to be considered alongside happiness as a primary criterion. Its social determinants are extremely well established, and account for a greater proportion of health outcomes than either healthcare or lifestyle choices. To a large extent, these determinants correspond to the satisfaction of basic needs as emphasised in this book, and health is responsive to interventions across the corresponding range of policy areas. The success of an economy in promoting a good quality of life for everyone can therefore be evaluated by monitoring of the satisfaction of basic needs, as determinants of health and happiness.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Raghavan, Gopalan. "Device Independence and the Quest towards Physical Limits of Privacy." In Topics on Quantum Information Science. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100364.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

There is a looming threat over current methods of data encryption through advances in quantum computation. Interestingly, this potential threat can be countered through the use of quantum resources such as coherent superposition, entanglement and inherent randomness. These, together with non-clonability of arbitrary quantum states, offer provably secure means of sharing encryption keys between two parties. This physically assured privacy is however provably secure only in theory but not in practice. Device independent approaches seek to provide physically assured privacy of devices of untrusted origin. The quest towards realization of such devices is predicated on conducting loop-hole-free Bell tests which require the use of certified quantum random number generators. The experimental apparatuses for conducting such tests themselves use non-ideal sources, detectors and optical components making such certification extremely difficult. This expository chapter presents a brief overview (not a review) of Device Independence and the conceptual and practical difficulties it entails.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Dentamaro, Vincenzo, Donato Impedovo, Giuseppe Pirlo, Giacomo Abbattista, Vincenzo Gattulli, Cosimo Alessandro Buscicchio, and Claudia Maria Fiore. "Non-Invasive Personalized In-Store Location-Based Marketing." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 365–90. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5077-9.ch018.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This chapter shows a practical end-to-end solution that allows the integration of noninvasive location-based marketing advertisements finally binding physical and virtual in-store customer presence. The goal of the solution is to digitalize the business and improve the customer experience with the indoor proximity-based iBeacon technology for personalized marketing advertising. The architecture uses cheap battery powered iBeacon devices, Android App and a recommender system for sending noninvasive advertisement in the right moment to the right customer. The intelligent combination of loyalty programs, personalized location-based marketing campaigns, and connection to existing CRM systems will enable the desirable increase in customer loyalty by also creating ideal circumstances for custom omnichannel marketing.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Non ideal devices"

Hänisch, Christian, Sebastian Reineke, and Simone Lenk. "Angular resolved photoluminescence from non-ideal emission spots (Conference Presentation)." In Organic Electronics and Photonics: Fundamentals and Devices, edited by Sebastian Reineke and Koen Vandewal. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2306465.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Delamarre, Amaury, Daniel Suchet, Masakazu Sugiyama, Nicolas Cavassilas, Yoshitaka Okada, and Jean-François Guillemoles. "Non-ideal nanostructured intermediate band solar cells with an electronic ratchet." In Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices VII, edited by Alexandre Freundlich, Masakazu Sugiyama, and Laurent Lombez. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2287716.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Song, Min, Mingli Zhang, Xinkai Gui, and Yaru Zheng. "Comprehensive model of modulation transfer function for non-ideal charge-coupled devices." In Photonics Asia 2002, edited by Jianquan Yao and Yukihiro Ishii. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.470966.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Wong, Oi-Ying, and Hei Wong. "Understanding the non-ideal characteristics of switched-capacitor DC-DC converters." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2014.7061243.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Puerta, J., E. Castro, P. Martin, and H. Arias. "Non-ideal Effects in Streaming Bi-Dust Acoustic Instability." In PLASMA AND FUSION SCIENCE: 16th IAEA Technical Meeting on Research using Small Fusion Devices; XI Latin American Workshop on Plasma Physics. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2405997.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

De Santi, Carlo, Jessica Jazmine Nicole Barrantes, Francesco Piva, Alessandro Caria, Matteo Buffolo, Nicola Trivellin, Stefano Rampino, et al. "Antimony selenide solar cells: non-ideal deep level response and study of trap-filling transients." In Physics, Simulation, and Photonic Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices XIII, edited by Alexandre Freundlich, Karin Hinzer, Stéphane Collin, and Ian R. Sellers. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3002199.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Huang, Y. J., C. C. Lin, J. C. Huang, C. H. Hsieh, C. H. Wen, T. T. Chen, L. S. Jeng, et al. "High performance dual-gate ISFET with non-ideal effect reduction schemes in a SOI-CMOS bioelectrical SoC." In 2015 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.2015.7409792.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Khelifi, W., T. Reveyrand, J. Lintignat, B. Jarry, R. Quere, L. Lapierre, V. Armengaud, and D. Langrez. "Pad-open-short de-embedding method extended for 3-port devices and non-ideal standards." In 2017 89th ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg.2017.8000844.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sturges, R. H., and Schitt Laowattana. "Passive Assembly of Non-Axisymmetric Rigid Parts." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0381.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This paper addresses automatic assembly with passive rather than active compliant devices. Previous work has shown that in an ideal manufacturing environment three assembly primitives (prismatic insertions, threaded fits and general path insertions) exhibit a high level of difficulty. None of these are reliably assemblable under sensor-based force control or with an ordinary remote center compliance (RCC) device. In this paper, we extend the science of part mating and apply dexterity theory to synthesize a passive assembly device for precision fits of three-dimensional prismatic parts. This Spatial Remote Center Compliance (SRCC) obviates sensor-based and force control approaches to precision assembly of non-axisymmetric parts.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Faedo, Nicolás, Giuseppe Giorgi, John V. Ringwood, and Giuliana Mattiazzo. "Nonlinear Moment-Based Optimal Control of Wave Energy Converters With Non-Ideal Power Take-Off Systems." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81267.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract The mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion stage in wave energy devices is commonly affected by losses associated with the power take-off (PTO) system, inevitably leading to non-ideal conversion in practical scenarios. Such behaviour needs to be incorporated within the wave energy converter (WEC) energy-maximising control design procedure, so as to guarantee optimal operation of the device under these non-ideal conditions. Motivated by this requirement, we present, in this paper, a nonlinear moment-based energy-maximising control solution for WECs under non-ideal PTO behaviour. We show that the mathematical formalism proposed always admits a globally optimal energy-maximising solution, facilitating the application of state-of-the-art numerical routines, leading to real-time performance. Numerical results are presented for a heaving point absorber WEC system, illustrating the capabilities of the proposed controller in a non-ideal PTO conversion scenario, including a comparison with a benchmark control strategy.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Звіти організацій з теми "Non ideal devices"

Firmino, Rodrigo José, Gilberto Vieira, and Paulo Nascimento Neto. Policy Brief No. 10. Digital activism and citizen data generation in outlying territories. Universidad del Valle, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/policy-briefs.pb.10-eng.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is the most unequal region in the world (UNDP, 2019), where one third of the population lives in poverty. The neighbourhoods where this population lives are marked by stigmas disseminated by the State and the media, related to regimes of visibility (violence, precariousness, illegality) and invisibility (creativity, community spirit, different bodies). These regimes feed on the asymmetries in the way outlying territories are known by the data collected by governments and corporations. Data are an essential part of the technopolitical devices built for the management of cities, from public utilities to large urban infrastructures. This document offers ideas and recommendations on how the Citizen-Generated Data (CGD) can make the population of outlying territories part of the urban management field by politicising urban technologies through digital activism.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Moawad, Lise, and Cornelia Schendzielorz. Transformative R&I policies and their norm(alis)ing effect of societal impact. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.545.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In 2014, UK higher education institutions implemented a new system for assessing the quality of research, the Research Excellence Framework (REF) and took the opportunity to introduce "impact beyond academia" as a 'new' assessment criterion. Transformation and innovation-oriented R&I policy are roughly similar in Norway and the Netherlands regarding underlying ideas as well as timing. In occasion of this convergence this article tackles the discursive and performative construction of “societal impact” as a metamorphic constantly changing, transforming, and evolving criterion. Using data from policy documents from the UK, the Netherlands, and Norway from 2014 until now, the comparative semantic analysis draws on theories of speech acts and performativity to reveal the dual effect (normalising and norming) of the discursive device by R&I policymakers. The resulting typology, based on four criteria (terminology, positive and negative valences, oikonomia of knowledge and policy slogan), sets the ground for the exploration of further dimensions of societal impact evaluation challenges.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Soramäki, Kimmo. Financial Cartography. FNA, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.69701/ertx8007.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Geographic maps have been of military and economic importance throughout the ages. Rulers have commissioned maps to control the financial, economic, political, and military aspects of their sovereign entities. Large scale projects like the Ordnance Survey in the UK in the late 18th century, and the Lewis and Clark Expedition a few decades later to map the American West, are early examples of trailblazing efforts to create accurate modern maps of high strategic importance. Digitalization, globalization, and a larger urban and educated workforce necessitate a new understanding of the world, beyond traditional maps based on geographic features. Many of today's most critical threats know no geographic borders. For instance, cyber attacks can be orchestrated through globally distributed bot networks; just-in-time manufacturing relies on the free flow of goods across jurisdictions; global markets and the infrastructures that support them relay information and price signals globally within seconds. A lack of understanding financial interdependencies was clearly demonstrated by the freezing of credit markets in the last financial crisis and the uncertainty created by Brexit. Ten years after the financial crisis, we are still only beginning to map, model and visualise these critical maps of the financial world. We call for attention to work on a large scale project of "Financial Cartography" to address this gap. In financial cartography, we replace geographic proximity with logical proximity, such as financial interdependence, similarity (e.g., of portfolio or income streams), a flow of transactions or a magnitude of exposures. Similar to geographic maps, financial maps will find many important uses across business, government and military domains. Critically, they are needed for protection and projection of state power, for optimizing and managing risks in business, and in making policy decisions related to the major challenges of climate change, mass migration and geopolitical instability. Fundamentally, cartography is a way that reality can be modeled to communicate information on “big data” sets. Cartography allows one to simplify and reduce the complexity of the data to highlight salient features of the data, and to filter out noise. This makes maps ideal devices to increase the bandwidth by which information can be communicated to its users, for making quick decision based on complex data. In the following pages, we make a case and provide starting points for a research agenda around "Financial Cartography" in three interrelated parts: Maps of Trade Networks Maps of Financial Markets and Maps of Financial Market Infrastructures

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka, and Chris Sander. Molecular characterisation of PBAN-receptors: a basis for the development and screening of antagonists against Pheromone biosynthesis in moth pest species. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695862.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The original objectives of the approved proposal included: (a) The determination of species- and tissue-specificity of the PBAN-R; (b) the elucidation of the role of juvenile hormone in gene regulation of the PBAN-R; (c) the identificationof the ligand binding domains in the PBAN-R and (d) the development of efficient screening assays in order to screen potential antagonists that will block the PBAN-R. Background to the topic: Moths constitute one of the major groups of pest insects in agriculture and their reproductive behavior is dependent on chemical communication. Sex-pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates. In most of the moth species sex-pheromone biosynthesis is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). In order to devise ideal strategies for mating disruption/prevention, we proposed to study the interactions between PBAN and its membrane-bound receptor in order to devise potential antagonists. Major conclusions: Within the framework of the planned objectives we have confirmed the similarities between the two Helicoverpa species: armigera and zea. Receptor sequences of the two Helicoverpa spp. are 98% identical with most changes taking place in the C-terminal. Our findings indicate that PBAN or PBAN-like receptors are also present in the neural tissues and may represent a neurotransmitter-like function for PBAN-like peptides. Surprisingly the gene encoding the PBAN-receptor was also present in the male homologous tissue, but it is absent at the protein level. The presence of the receptor (at the gene- and protein-levels), and the subsequent pheromonotropic activity are age-dependent and up-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in pharate females but down-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in adult females. Lower levels of pheromonotropic activity were observed when challenged with pyrokinin-like peptides than with HezPBAN as ligand. A model of the 3D structure of the receptor was created using the X-ray structure of rhodopsin as a template after sequence alignment of the HezPBAN-R with several other GPCRs and computer simulated docking with the model predicted putative binding sites. Using in silico mutagenesis the predicted docking model was validated with experimental data obtained from expressed chimera receptors in Sf9 cells created by exchanging between the three extracellular loops of the HezPBAN-R and the Drosophila Pyrokinin-R (CG9918). The chimera receptors also indicated that the 3ʳᵈ extracellular loop is important for recognition of PBAN or Diapause hormone ligands. Implications: The project has successfully completed all the objectives and we are now in a position to be able to design and screen potential antagonists for pheromone production. The successful docking simulation-experiments encourage the use of in silico experiments for initial (high-throughput) screening of potential antagonists. However, the differential responses between the expressed receptor (Sf9 cells) and the endogenous receptor (pheromone glands) emphasize the importance of assaying lead compounds using several alternative bioassays (at the cellular, tissue and organism levels). The surprising discovery of the presence of the gene encoding the PBAN-R in the male homologous tissue, but its absence at the protein level, launches opportunities for studying molecular regulation pathways and the evolution of these GPCRs. Overall this research will advance research towards the goal of finding antagonists for this important class of receptors that might encompass a variety of essential insect functions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!