Готові списки джерел за темами / Non-renewable energy source

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Non-renewable energy source"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025
Оновлено: 22 червня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Non-renewable energy source"

1

Nur Najihah Zulkifli and Latiffah Karim. "Biorefinery Approach for Cassava Peels: A Review." Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology 8, no. 2 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/2022230.

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Анотація:
Sustainability of energy has always become an issue globally as current energy supplies are depleting gradually. Humans were too dependent on natural gasses as a source of energy before, which brought us to this crisis as they are non-renewable energy and take up to a million years to recover. Not only that, prolonged utilization of this type of energy brought deterioration to our environment. Biofuels are one of the renewable energy sources that are favoured in the industry nowadays. They have the potential to replace non-renewable energy while simultaneously decrease the environmental damage. Sourced from various agricultural residues and other plant substances, lignocellulosic materials are capable of being converted to non-renewable energy due to their lavish availability through three basic steps, pre-treatments, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. This review seeks to observe the prospect of cassava peels as a source for biofuels production and other value-added products such as formic acid, levulinic acid, glycolic acid and vanillin.
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Nur Najihah Zulkifli and Latiffah Karim. "Biorefinery Approach for Cassava Peels: A Review." Malaysian Journal of Science Health & Technology 8, no. 2 (2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/mjosht.v8i2.230.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Sustainability of energy has always become an issue globally as current energy supplies are depleting gradually. Humans were too dependent on natural gasses as a source of energy before, which brought us to this crisis as they are non-renewable energy and take up to a million years to recover. Not only that, prolonged utilization of this type of energy brought deterioration to our environment. Biofuels are one of the renewable energy sources that are favoured in the industry nowadays. They have the potential to replace non-renewable energy while simultaneously decrease the environmental damage. Sourced from various agricultural residues and other plant substances, lignocellulosic materials are capable of being converted to non-renewable energy due to their lavish availability through three basic steps, pre-treatments, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. This review seeks to observe the prospect of cassava peels as a source for biofuels production and other value-added products such as formic acid, levulinic acid, glycolic acid and vanillin.
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3

G. Raut, Anant, Ranjana D. Raut, and Ku Kanchan A. Ingle. "SOLAR ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no. 01 (2024): 954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18209.

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Анотація:
The sun is the main source of energy on Earth. Other energy sources include coal, geothermal energy, wind energy, biomass, petrol, nuclear energy, and many more. Energy is classified into various types based on sustainability as renewable sources of energy and non-renewable sources of energy.
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4

G H, Yogeesh, Raghu Nandan R, Siddika Sabahath Anjum, and Mahantesh C. Elemmi. "Design and Development of Triple Power Generation Using Solar, Piezoelectric and Windmill Generator." Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources 9, no. 1 (2023): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joares.2023.v09i01.002.

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Анотація:
Today, technology-driven electricity is one of the significant things for day-to-day activities. It is oblivious that renewable sources of energy are depleting at a fast rate. Hence, it is time for us to move the focus from conventional to non-conventional sources of energy for producing electricity. The output of the electricity produced by non-conventional sources is less than the conventional sources. But it is echo friendly which is not producing carbon dioxide. All renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like are used to generate electricity in domestic, agriculture, industries, public places etc. and non-renewable energy sources like piezoelectric generators are also used to produce electricity. As the price of fossil fuels fluctuates, renewable energy is quickly gaining prominence as an energy source. Solar energy is one of the most widely used sources of renewable energy. Many studies were done to explore strategies for improving the effectiveness of photovoltaic systems (solar panels). Due to the distinct benefits of piezoelectric generators, they have become a promising alternative green technology. It makes the system more dependable by reducing reliance on a single source. The hybrid system can be applied in both commercial and residential settings.
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Anindya, Anupam. "Trapping & Harvesting Lightning Energy." International Journal of Engineering Research & Science 6, no. 4 (2020): 45–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767891.

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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong>&mdash;</strong> <em>Energy is available in the universe in different forms. For any work to be done, energy is required. The need and scarcity of energy made the mankind for the search of different forms of energy. For centuries many scientists are in search of energy and have found many forms of renewable and non-renewable source of energy which are being used till date but the problem arises here that the sources which are non renewable (e.g: fossil fuels) are getting over day by day and it cannot be replenished. At this rate if this usage continues then by 2075 it will completely get over. Fossil fuels are given a very huge importance as mankind is completely dependent on this source of energy as 99% of transportation and automation uses fossil fuels. Due to this completion of energy mankind has started search of another source of energy that is sufficient and that can replace fossil fuels. After lots of research and analysis it has been noticed that lightening is a very huge source of energy.</em>
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6

Anam Hassan, Syeda, and Inayatul Haq. "The role of Renewable Energy Sources in Energy Imports: Evidence from BRIC Countries." International Journal of Emerging Multidisciplinaries: Social Science 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54938/ijemdss.2022.01.1.106.

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Анотація:
There is less debate on the connection among energy import and renewable and conventional energy sources in past studies. In direction to accommodate the excess demand of energy (electricity) the means beside conventional power generation sources, the natural energy sources are pivotal need of the world. On the other hand, developed and developing economies are under the huge burden of energy debt which is another dilemma. The study uses time period from 1990-2018 by using secondary data. To study the influence of renewable and non-renewable energy sources on energy import, the present study employs Panel Fisher Cointegration and Panel VECM technique. The empirical results support that electricity generation by oil source, renewable energy sources, and nuclear source decreases energy import and have significant casual effect in case of BRIC nations. Furthermore, the result reveals that electricity generation from hydro, coal and natural gas due to huge investment and initial energy utilization for the installation of nuclear plants, is not an efficient way. Therefore, BRIC nations need to explore and invest in renewable energy sources as well as nuclear and oil sources in order to fill excess energy gap along with lowering energy imports.
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7

Reina, German, Mauricio Mauledoux, and Oscar A. Aviles. "Simulation of a microgrid for a non-interconnected zone that integrates renewable energies." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp201-216.

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Анотація:
This paper develops a simulation of a small electrical network (Microgid) that integrates renewable energies, the model of the micro network is made up of a solar energy source, a wind energy source, an energy storage element, a non-renewable source such as a diesel generator. The model of the microgrid represent a non-interconnected area from the electrical network in Colombia. The non-interconnected areas sometimes depend on unreliable connections to the grid integration of renewable energies could be the best option to guarantee energy in these sectors and allow generating projects with social impact. A possible solution to this deficit of energy is to supplement the production of energy with renewable energy plants from resources as sun or wind. The simulated model allowed to study the effects of the network in island mode and in interconnected mode, showing the imbalances that can be obtained by integrating renewable energies and storage systems. It is verified that with an inclusion of more than 30% of power in renewable energies there is the possibility of having load imbalances, which affect the frequency and cause instability in the network. It also verifies how a control system can regulate the load balance but must interact with the other energy sources.
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German, Reina, Mauledoux Mauricio, and A. Avilés Oscar. "Simulation of a microgrid for a non-interconnected zone that integrates renewable energies." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (2021): 201–16. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp201-216.

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Анотація:
This paper develops a simulation of a small electrical network (Microgrid) that integrates renewable energies, the model of the micro network is made up of a solar energy source, a wind energy source, an energy storage element, a non-renewable source such as a diesel generator. The model of the microgrid represent a non-interconnected area from the electrical network in Colombia. The non-interconnected areas sometimes depend on unreliable connections to the grid integration of renewable energies could be the best option to guarantee energy in these sectors and allow generating projects with social impact. A possible solution to this deficit of energy is to supplement the production of energy with renewable energy plants from resources as sun or wind. The simulated model allowed to study the effects of the network in island mode and in interconnected mode, showing the imbalances that can be obtained by integrating renewable energies and storage systems. It is verified that with an inclusion of more than 30% of power in renewable energies there is the possibility of having load imbalances, which affect the frequency and cause instability in the network. It also verifies how a control system can regulate the load balance but must interact with the other energy sources.
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9

Pasrija, Raghav, Sandeep Banerjee, Kusum Tharani, Tanmay Wadhera, Saumyae Joshi, and Sandeep Sharma. "Operational Verification of DC-DC Converters Used in Ecologically Sound Non Polluting Renewable Systems." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 21, no. 4 (2024): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw240046.

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Анотація:
This research delves into the intricate control mechanisms governing renewable energy sources through the application of three distinct DC-DC converter technologies: the buck, boost, and buck-boost converters. Renewable energy sources like wind and solar can be pivotal in the future and become the primary source of energy for global energy requirements. Renewable sources are pollution-free and have minimal impact on the environment. This research illuminates the efficacy of these converters in orchestrating the optimal utilization of renewable energy sources, offering valuable contributions to the advancement of sustainable power systems. Open and closed loop control of a buck converter is studied along with its operation for the voltage regulation of an emulated PV panel. For the boost converter, a comprehensive exploration ensues through two closed-loop control methods: Perturb and Observe (P&amp;O) algorithm and the incremental conductance method. Simulations are meticulously executed in MATLAB Simulink, interfacing with PV arrays and directing power toward battery charging. Meanwhile, the buck-boost converter undergoes simulation and evaluation, fed by a DC source and delivering power to a resistive load. Experimental validation is conducted for the buck converter, providing tangible insights into real-world performance. Conventional sources, primarily coal, which is the most used source of energy in Asian countries, including India, have adverse effects on the environment. Coal contributes to a huge proportion of pollutants in the environment and also the release of large quantities of greenhouse gases. Renewable energy resources can play a huge role in addressing the energy demands of Asian countries. They hold the ability to alleviate the environmental burden caused by conventional energy sources. Renewable energy sources also mitigate pollution and eliminate various hazardous effects of conventional energy sources. This study emphasises the adoption of such sources and underscores the pivotal role of DC-DC converter technologies in this adoption.
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Mehmood, Arshad. "Development and Advantages of Renewable Energy Hybrid Systems (REHS)." International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology 08, no. 06 (2024): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47001/irjiet/2024.806018.

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Анотація:
Solar power is a demand of our planet in coming days due to the depletion of non-renewable sources of energy. The renewable sources of energy are responsible for 80 % of world’s power and we all are directly dependent on non-renewable source which will only last in coming decades. Due to increase in power demands new development in renewable sources of energy are going on due to which on commercial level solar cell achieved an efficiency of 15 – 20 % and improving day by day. At a panel inclination of 22 oC, the effect of panel temperature and relative humidity on photovoltaic are studied. A precision digital hygrometer and thermometer, and a digital clamp meter were used in the process. Results obtained show that the effect of relative humidity on current, voltage, power of single and 10 panels combined together. The results also show that voltage and current remain fairly stable between 15 % to 35 % relative humidity. Panel’s temperature also plays a significant role on performance after 55 ºC, the voltage started dropping in both cases. Output from the wind turbine has also been measured on a working condition day, and different readings have been recorded with an interval of 15 mins at different wind speeds. It works by converting the kinetic energy in the wind first into rotational kinetic energy in the turbine and then electrical energy that can be supplied. The output energy comes directly depend on speed of wind and the blades swept area. Renewable Energy Hybrid System (REHS) is a system that utilizes two sources or more of renewable energy. As an advantage, it will produce continuous source of energy and utilizing one source in the absence of other source(s). The aim of this study is to enhance the energy output of renewable energy system which is the wind turbine by incorporating solar panels.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Non-renewable energy source"

1

Barbu, Anca-Diana. "Investing in renewable energy sources an assessment of non-technological issues in Central and Eastern Europe." Hamburg Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2899-4.htm.

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Barbu, Anca-Diana. "Investing in renewable energy sources : an assessment of non-technological issues in Central and Eastern Europe /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/52588372X.pdf.

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3

Macleod, Adrian K. A. "The role of marine renewable energy structures and biofouling communities in promoting self-sustaining populations of non-native species." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2013. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-role-of-marine-renewable-energy-structures-and-biofouling-communities-in-promoting-selfsustaining-populations-of-nonnative-species(0c7f0d89-74e8-4468-83c9-4216e4f2b1a8).html.

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Novel environments and biological communities created by the large-scale deployment of Marine Renewable Energy Devices (MREDs) have the potential to promote the spread of non-native species (NNS). Knowledge of how community composition resident on MREDs is shaped by geography, local hydrodynamics and the duration of deployment, will clarify how these technologies will interact with natural habitats, including the provision of suitable habitat for NNS. A network of navigation buoys was used to study biofouling communities in areas proposed for MRED deployment. Significant differences in community structure were observed in different geographic areas. A significant reduction in number of taxa present and community wet-weight was observed where buoys were deployed in greater tidal flow rates. However, overall community composition was not significantly different between ‘high’ (>1 ms-1) and ‘low’ (<1 ms-1) flow areas and for buoys deployed for different time durations (1-7 years). These finding have important implications for the longevity of devices and their interaction with natural habitats, including proposed ‘artificial reef’ effects. In total five non-native species were identified on the buoys sampled, supporting the need to monitor MREDs as the industry grows. Hydrodynamic and biotic features of the epibenthic communities were used to predict the presence of the most prevalent NNS, the amphipod Caprella mutica, in addition to other native amphipod species. Caprella mutica presence was found to be significantly affected by increasing flow speed compared with the native amphipod Jassa herdmani. Behavioural flume studies investigating flow-related processes governing the presence of non-native amphipods supported these findings. This study details how the hydrodynamic and biological environments created by MREDs determine their suitability for the establishment of self-sustaining populations, and therefore their dispersal potential for NNS. These findings inform design criteria and management options to minimise the biosecurity risk that these structures will pose as the industry expands.
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4

Moghadam, Hamid Amini. "Quantified Characterization of Active Defects in 4H–SiC MOS Devices." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366432.

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Анотація:
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), global energy demand is expected to increase considerably in the coming years as the result of population growth and economic development [1]. The vast majority of the world’s energy is generated from non-renewable sources, specifically oil, coal and natural gas. The increased volumes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released by burning these fossil fuels are believed to be the primary sources of global warming and the long term climate changes [2]. Furthermore, global warming is considered to be the greatest humanitarian crisis of our time, responsible for raising sea levels, raging storms, ferocious fires, and severe drought [3]. Electricity is mainly considered to be an environmentally friendly source of energy. However, electricity is largely generated by burning fossil fuels in power plants. This process releases substantial amounts of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere. Therefore, it is very important to utilize the generated electricity in an efficient way in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and ultimately the climate change effects.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith School of Engineering<br>Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology<br>Full Text
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5

Crujeira, Ana Teresa Tavares de Lima e. "Identification of atmospheric pollutants control mechanisms during co-combustion of coal and non-toxic wastes." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11297.

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6

Dutka, J. "The impact of emerging sustainable technologies on existing electrical infrastructure in Ontario." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31073.

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Анотація:
Sustainable energy sources are urgently required, as traditional non-renewable energy sources are increasing in scarcity and subsequently in cost. Significant innovation and investment is required to incorporate newly developed sustainable energy technologies into the existing energy infrastructure network. This presentation will review how emerging sustainable technologies are interacting with existing energy infrastructure. Specifically it will review the existing electrical grid in Ontario, Canada, and the impact of sustainable technologies such as electric cars and distributed generation. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31073
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7

Ostrovský, Milan. "Environmentální porovnání dřevostavby a zděné stavby bytového domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227663.

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Анотація:
This thesis is concerned with the evaluation of sustainable construction. It is a multi-criteria evaluation focused on building environmental, socio-cultural sphere, economics and management. The reviews I chose passive apartment house in two of designs. The purpose of this study is to compare the standard insulated brick buildings and in our non-traditional wood construction. At the beginning there will explain the basic concepts associated with the topic. After that, the problems of the sustainable construction and environmental impact assessment, which will describe the basic concepts, methodologies, criteria, description of evaluation. The last part will be made an example of evaluation SBToolCZ brick and wooden buildings passive residential Duma. Comparison of both results achieved certification and think about the advantages or disadvantages of both options. The aim of this thesis is dedicated readers and explain to them the issues of this topic.
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8

Tsivras, Sotirios-Ilias. "Load Demand Forecasting : A case study for Greece." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29841.

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Анотація:
It is more than a fact that electrical energy is a main production factor of every economic activity. Since electrical power is not easy to store, it needs to be consumed as it is generated in order to keep a constant balance between supply and demand. As a result, for developing an efficient energy market it is significant to create a method for accurately forecasting the electricity consumption. This thesis describes a method for analyzing data provided by the ENTSO-E transparency platform. The ENTSO-E (European Network of Transmission System Operators) is a network of electricity operators from 36 countries across Europe. Its main objective is to provide transparency concerning data of electricity generation and consumption in Europe in order to promote the development of efficient and competitive electricity markets. By using the method described in this thesis, one may use historical data provided by ENTSO-E to forecast the electricity consumption of an EU country for the years to come. As an example, data of electricity consumption in Greece during the years 2015-2018 have been used in order to calculate the average load demand of a weekday during the year 2030. On the other hand, in order to correctly predict the electricity demand of a specific region over the next decade, one should take into account some crucial parameters that may influence not only the evolution of the load demand, but also the fuel mix that will be used in order to cover our future electricity needs. Advances in power generation technologies, evolution of fuel prices, expansion of electricity grid and economic growth are a subset of parameters that should be taken into account for an accurate forecast of the electricity consumption in the long run. Particularly for Greece, a set of parameters that may affect the electricity consumption are being computationally analyzed in order to evaluate their contribution to the load demand curve by the year 2030. These include the interconnection of Greek islands to the mainland, the development of Hellinikon Project and the increase of the share of electric vehicles. The author of this thesis has developed code in Python programming language that can be found in the Appendix. These scripts and functions that implement most of the calculations described in the following chapters can also be used for forecasting the load demand of other EU countries that are included in the ENTSO-E catalogue. The datasets used as input to these algorithms may also be used from the readers to identify more patterns for predicting the load demand for a specific region and time. A sustainable energy system is based on consumers with environmental awareness. As a result, citizens living inside the European Union should become a member of a community that promotes energy saving measures, investments in renewable energy sources and smart metering applications.
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9

Гончаров, Р. І., та О. В. Якушев. "Неординарні джерела альтернативної енергії". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67062.

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Анотація:
Невідновлювані джерела енергії швидко вичерпуються, тому вчені інтенсивно розробляють альтернативні відновлювані джерела. Вже не є новинкою сонячні батареї, генератори, що використовують енергію припливів, вітряки і т. ін. Але існують і інші досить екзотичні енергодонори. В даній роботі розглянуті деякі з них: з’ясовується їх принцип роботи та перспективи використання.
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Галинська, Юлія Вікторівна, Юлия Викторовна Галинская, Yuliia Viktorivna Halynska, Тетяна Вікторівна Бондар, Татьяна Викторовна Бондарь, and Tetiana Viktorivna Bondar. "Combined electricity pricing model taking into account the “green tariff” and traditional factors." Thesis, EDP Sciences - Web of Conferences, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86319.

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https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/10/e3sconf_icies2020_00019.pdf<br>У статті запропоновано нову оптимізаційну модель системних взаємозв’язків та ефектів при формуванні цінової політики на електроенергію з комбінованих джерел електроенергії з урахуванням показників антропогенного впливу та невідновлюваних ресурсів, соціально-екологічних та економічних інтересів суспільства в умовах розподілу рентного доходу. Модель у кінцевому результаті передбачає формування комбінованої моделі тарифоутворення в енергетиці, згідно з якою тарифи на електроенергію для кінцевого споживача відповідного регіону будуть поєднувати як ринкові ціни на енергію, виробленої з альтернативних джерел, так і ціни на енергію, отриману з традиційних джерел. Автори удосконалили науково-методичний підхід до виявлення, формалізації та кількісної оцінки мультиплікаційних ефектів, що виникають у результаті поєднання невідновлюваних та відновлюваних джерел електроенергії. Також у статті вдосконалено науково-методичний підхід до оцінки переваг комбінування різних джерел електроенергії та їх переваг при формуванні цінової політики в рамках єдиної енергетичної стратегії.<br>В статье предлагается новая оптимизационная модель системных взаимосвязей и эффектов при формировании ценовой политики на электроэнергию из комбинированных источников электроэнергии с учетом показателей антропогенного воздействия и невозобновляемых ресурсов, социально-экологических и экономических интересов общества в распределении рентного дохода. Модель в конечном результате предусматривает формирование комбинированной модели тарифообразования в энергетическом секторе, согласно которой тарифы на электроэнергию для конечного потребителя соответствующего региона будут объединять как рыночные цены на энергию, произведенной из альтернативных источников, так и цены на энергию, которая генерируется из традиционных источников. Авторы усовершенствовали научный и методологический подход к выявлению, формализации и количественной оценке мультипликативных эффектов, возникающих в результате сочетания невозобновляемых и возобновляемых источников электроэнергии. Также в статье совершенствуется научно-методический подход к оценке преимуществ объединения разных источников электроэнергии и их преимуществ при формировании ценовой политики в рамках единой энергетической стратегии.<br>The article proposes a new optimization model of systemic relationships and effects in the formation of a pricing policy for electricity from combined sources of electricity, taking into account indicators of anthropogenic impact and non-renewable resources, socio-environmental and economic interests of society in the distribution of rental income. The model in the end result provides for the formation of a combined model of tariff setting in the energy sector, according to which electricity tariffs for the end user of the corresponding region will combine both market prices for energy generated from alternative sources and prices for energy generated from traditional sources. The authors improved the scientific and methodological approach to identify, formalize and quantify the multiplier effects that arise as a result of a combination of non-renewable and renewable sources of electricity. Also, the article improves the scientific and methodological approach to assessing the benefits of combining different sources of electricity and their advantages when forming a pricing policy within a single energy strategy.
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Книги з теми "Non-renewable energy source"

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International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women., ed. Women and new and renewable sources of energy (1980-1987): Annotated bibliography of sources dealing with women and new and renewable sources of energy--UN sources and non-UN sources. United Nations, International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), 1987.

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Alexey, Vikhlyaev, and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, eds. World trade law and renewable energy: The case of non-tariff barriers. United Nations, 2009.

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Professor, Baby. Sun, Heat and the Energy for Life Renewable and Non-Renewable Source of Energy Self Taught Physics Science Grade 3 Children's Physics Books. Speedy Publishing LLC, 2021.

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Professor, Baby. Sun, Heat and the Energy for Life Renewable and Non-Renewable Source of Energy Self Taught Physics Science Grade 3 Children's Physics Books. Speedy Publishing LLC, 2021.

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Sun, Heat and the Energy for Life Renewable and Non-Renewable Source of Energy Self Taught Physics Science Grade 3 Children's Physics Books. Speedy Publishing LLC, 2021.

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Tosun, Jale. Energy Policy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.174.

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Energy policy comprises rules concerning energy sources; energy efficiency; energy prices; energy from abroad; energy infrastructure; and climate and environmental aspects of energy production, utilization, and transit. The main theme in energy policy concerns the trade-offs between affordable, secure, and clean energy. Energy policy is a cross-sectoral—or boundary-spanning—policy area, which means that energy policy has implications for or is affected by decisions taken in adjacent policy areas such as those addressing agriculture, climate, development, economy, environment, external relations, and public health. The cross-sectoral character of energy policy is reflected in how it is proposed, adopted, implemented, and evaluated. Putting an energy policy issue on the political agenda can be attained easily, while the diversity of interests of the actor groups that are potentially affected by the proposal can complicate the policy process. The implementation depends on whether the energy policy measure in question is of a local, national, or international nature; and to what extent the implementation entails joint efforts by state and non-state actors. As with policy instruments adopted in any other policy area, the evaluation of an energy policy’s success is likely to vary across the different actor groups involved.The analytical perspectives on energy policy depend on the energy source of interest. Research concentrating on fossil energy sources (i.e., coal, oil, and natural gas) has traditionally adopted the analytical lens of international relations and international political economy. A similar research interest can be observed for studies of unconventional fossil energy sources (i.e., oil shale, oil sands, and shale gas) and nuclear power, although the centrality of risk and uncertainty in the analytical frameworks adopted help to connect these topics more directly with the public policy literature. The energy policy issue that has been on the research agendas of all political science subfields—including comparative politics—is renewable energy. Questions concerning the supply and management of energy infrastructure have received attention from public administration scholars.
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Non Conventional and Renewable Energy Sources. Alpha Science International, Limited, 2014.

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Electrical Power Sources and Operations: Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Resources. Independently Published, 2022.

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Raum, Elizabeth. Potato Clocks and Solar Cars: Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy. Raintree Publishers, 2007.

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Raum, Elizabeth. Potato Clocks and Solar Cars: Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy. Raintree Publishers, 2007.

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Частини книг з теми "Non-renewable energy source"

1

Thielemann, Thomas. "Coal: An Energy Source for Future World Needs." In Non-Renewable Resource Issues. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8679-2_5.

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Nardini, Isabella. "Geothermal Power Generation." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_11.

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AbstractGeothermal energy is emerging as one of the most reliable sources of renewable energy and gaining relevance over conventional and non-renewable sources of energy because of its constant availability and sustainable nature. Furthermore, the deployment of geothermal energy helps reduce a country’s dependence on fossil fuels. Besides being a clean and renewable energy source with a low levelized cost of electricity, geothermal reservoirs have huge potential for power generation and may become the pillar of local grid systems, meeting the baseload demand. However, the active contribution from policy makers is necessary to design and develop economic and financial instruments and a favourable regulatory framework to decrease the risk of investment and the capital cost for private investors.
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Ginzburg, Ben-Zion. "Liquid Fuel (Oil) from Halophilic Algae: A Renewable Source of Non-Polluting Energy." In General and Applied Aspects of Halophilic Microorganisms. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3730-4_47.

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Ahmed, Rawaz A., and Katherine Huddersman. "Short Review of Biodiesel Production by the Esterification/Transesterification of Wastewater Containing Fats Oils and Grease (FOGs)." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30960-1_27.

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AbstractNowadays, the transformation of biomass into valuable chemicals and fuels through thermochemical, biochemical or even mixed technologies, is becoming increasingly popular and challenging. A promising solution for the near future is the substitution of non-renewable fossil fuels with a sustainable liquid feedstock for biofuel (biodiesel) production. The cost of conventional biodiesel production is higher than that of petroleum-based diesel production since it is produced mostly from expensive high-quality virgin oil. Conventionally, commercial biodiesel is produced via liquid base-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides components of oil/fat with short-chain alcohols. It is that about 70–80% of the overall biodiesel production cost is associated with the cost of raw materials. Brown grease (with free fatty acid levels &gt; 15%) is created from rendered trap waste and is known as Fats, Oils, and Greases (FOGs), it is a potential source of biodiesel feedstocks and is available at no cost. Many researchers are interested in using low-cost high Free Fatty Acid (FFA) oils as the feedstock for biodiesel production. This paper reviews the effect of feedstock pre-treatment and process parameters on the conversion of FOGs-wastewater to biodiesel by esterification-transesterification process.
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Chatterjee, Kaulir Kisor. "Minerals and Energy—Non-renewable Sources." In Macro-Economics of Mineral and Water Resources. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15054-3_4.

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Kataria, Alka, and T. I. Khan. "Necessity of Paradigm Shift from Non-renewable Sources to Renewable Sources for Energy Demand." In Urban Growth and Environmental Issues in India. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4273-9_21.

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Flores-Bastidas, Lizbeth, Juan Lata-García, Sandro C. S. Jucá, and Gary Ampuño. "Sustainable Energy in Ecuador and Latin America: A Review of the Energy Landscape of the Type of Renewable Sources." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87065-1_29.

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Abstract The development of a region is closely related to the consumption of electrical energy as long as the generation is able to meet the needs of industry, commerce and residence. This paper reviews the production, consumption of traditional energy and especially renewable generation in Latin America, detailing the energy trend in recent years in Ecuador. On the other hand, it shows the general overview of the development of renewable energies, such as hydroelectric, biomass, wind, solar, and biogas in the South American country. The figures show that the renewable energy installed in the country went from 20,382.76 GWh in 2010 to 37,036.70 in 2024, while generation from renewable sources went from 43.54% to 73.19% in the same period of time. Non-conventional renewable energies have not had an expected growth as is the case of solar despite the abundant solar resource that on average global insolation is 4,575 Wh/m2/day, in 2010 the installed solar and wind power went from 0.02 MW and 2.4 MW to 29.06 MW and 71.13 MW respectively. Another of the main findings is the decrease in post-pandemic energy consumption in Latin America, in 2017 consumption was 2477,207 GWh of which 55.7% comes from renewable sources while in 2021 consumption was 1637,868 GWh corresponding to 58.97 from renewable sources. The document opens other lines of research as proposals for the legislation that regulates renewable energies in Ecuador, from distributed generation for the self-supply of regulated consumers to the methodology for the term and prices of generation and self-generation projects.
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Schreiber, Markus. "Governance of Energy Innovations." In Swiss Energy Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80787-0_9.

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AbstractInnovation plays an important role in the transition towards a more sustainable energy system. The law is often thought of as an inhibiting factor for innovation. However, legal provisions may also serve to promote innovation. Laws which stipulate favourable conditions for renewable energy sources are an obvious example. Finally, existing laws will often not be suited to accommodate a new technology or business model, and the legislator may be slow in reacting to these new challenges. This increases the importance of government agencies as well as non-state governance.Therefore, a closer look at the governance of innovations in the energy sector seems warranted. This chapter will investigate how the legislator, regulatory agencies and private standard-setting bodies are responding to three different energy innovations: new renewable energy sources, new storage systems and smart grids. This chapter will serve not only to analyse commonalities and differences in the approach, but also to identify best practices.
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Islam, Emadul, Asheer Shah, and Tariq A. Karim. "Role of Renewable Energy Policy in Ensuring Net-Zero Carbon Emissions and Energy Sustainability: A Bangladesh Perspective." In Springer Climate. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24545-9_4.

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AbstractThe current global energy crisis along with the climate impacts of non-green energy sources has necessitated the shift toward renewable and sustainable energy. Limited fossil fuel reserves and high climate change vulnerability index of Bangladesh necessitate the country’s need to achieve sustainable renewable energy governance and policy development to guarantee net-zero carbon emissions and energy sustainability. This study illustrates the implementation of national and regional policies in addressing the challenges of Bangladesh’s transition to green energy from fossil fuels. The study contributes in the domain of national and intergovernmental green energy policy by developing recommendations along the Bay of Bengal region to increase the scalability of technologies and innovations, highlighting the opportunities and strengths of Bangladesh being the founding member of BIMSTEC integration.
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Sameti, Mohammad, and Páraic Carroll. "Optimal Integration of Electric Vehicles for Rural Micro-Grids in Ireland." In Lecture Notes in Mobility. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-89444-2_105.

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Abstract Electric vehicles (EV) and local renewable resources provide a potential for substantial decarbonization of the transportation sector. A large number of electric vehicles have the potential to decrease the pressure of the existing electricity network and can significantly balance the amount of extra non-stored renewable energy generated in the market. However, mass adoption of electric vehicles also requires charging infrastructures and charging hubs. Solar photovoltaics-EV and wind-EV are two recommended options for Ireland considering country’s present energy state and high penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind, wave, and solar photovoltaics. Three domestic scenarios are investigated: Integration of solar photovoltaics with EVs; Integration of wind energy with EVs; and a hybrid system. In this research, the size of a charging station is optimized based on each scenario. A comparative study is carried out between the different configurations with regards to CO2 emissions and annual energy charges. The feasibility of integration to the grid is analyzed as the grid-connected scenario. The optimal cost and emission for the hybrid PV/wind system includes the installed capacity of both renewable sources as well as the power transferred to the grid. Those variables are reflected in the annual energy production and levelized cost. Finally, the best option in terms of both cost and energy reliability is evaluated for each scenario.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Non-renewable energy source"

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Reddi, Ravi Kiran, Deepak Kumar Soni, and Vaskar Sarkar. "Designing the Power Oscillation Damping Controller for a Non-Inertial Renewable Driven Energy Source by Using a Non-Rigid Infinite Bus Framework." In 2024 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isgtasia61245.2024.10876238.

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El-Mir, Ralph, Ghassan Zein, and Adil al Mahasna. "Revolutionizing Non-metallic GRE Tubulars in Downhole Applications: First Deployment of Hybrid Coupler in a Geothermal Well: Case Study." In MECC 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/mecc2023-20002.

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Abstract Non-metallic Glass Reinforced Epoxy (GRE) tubulars have gained significant momentum in the oil, gas, and energy sectors due to its unique non-corrosive properties which reduces Opex and overall Life Cycle Cost (LCC). Hence, it is being widely offered as an alternative to the traditionally used steel tubulars in various downhole applications. Throughout the years, the use of high pressure GRE threaded tubulars has expanded to multiple water, oil, and gas applications such as: Production wells, Injection wells, hydrocarbon pipelines, gas pipelines, and liners for repair of corroded steel, etc. In Downhole applications - previous deployments of GRE tubulars, past experiences, and case studies are used as references/basis to design casing systems that are fit-for-purpose and in-line with typical well design. Hence, all resultant loads acting on the casing are considered for different phases of its life: Installation, start-up operation, steady production operation, and shut down. Moreover, to confirm the GRE design and verify its mechanical properties and performance, several long- and short-term qualification tests are conducted such as tensile tests, internal pressure and survival tests, collapse tests and wear tests. In this paper, a case study is presented on the first Carbon/Glass hybrid coupler deployment in a Geothermal well as a source of renewable energy. The novelty of this Non-Metallic GRE expansion tackles the corrosion and scaling challenges faced in steel systems. The use of Non-Metallic GRE tubulars in multiple oil and gas applications ensures an efficient installation and operation throughout a 20-year design life. It also provides an increased profitability and longevity of projects, all by reducing the carbon footprint.
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3

Tripathi, Abhinav, Ayush Kr Singh, Bhavya Tiwari, Keerti Mishra, and Md Danish Equbal. "Load Frequency Control Of Power System Comprising Of Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy Sources." In 2024 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Energy Efficient Technologies (I3CEET). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/i3ceet61722.2024.10993900.

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Coutinho, Diogo Azevedo, Marcelo Araújo, Mariana Machado Galvão, et al. "Diversity of Microorganisms Related to Biocorrosion in Ethanol Samples." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02681.

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Abstract Ethanol is the most common alcohol and a renewable energy source that can be produced from biomass. Brazil and the United States are world leaders in ethanol production, using as raw material sugar cane and corn, respectively. In Brazil, ethanol is used as automotive fuel in two forms: hydrated, used in ethanol-using cars and flex fuel cars; or anhydrous alcohol, which is added to gasoline. Ethanol is capable of being metabolized by various microorganisms serving as a carbon source for them. Under favorable conditions, bacteria and fungi can form biofilms and participate actively in the process of biocorrosion. The presence of some microorganisms in the biofilms may enhance corrosion by the production of corrosive metabolites such as organic acids. Given the scarcity of studies in the area, this work aimed to study the diversity of microorganisms present in samples of ethanol in order to identify possible causes of the process of biocorrosion. For this, several samples of ethanol from different origins were received and analyzed. The main groups of cultivable microorganisms related to biocorrosion were quantified. Furthermore, analyses of non-cultivable microorganisms were performed using molecular biology techniques. The results allow a better assessment of the susceptibility of storage tanks and pipelines to microbiological corrosion in the presence of ethanol.
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Biswas, Chiranjit, Soummyadeep Barman, Abanishwar Chakraborti, and Swanirbhar Majumder. "Comparative Analysis of Non-Bio Inspired Optimization Techniques with Renewable Energy Sources." In 2024 4th International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications (ICMNWC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmnwc63764.2024.10872272.

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GRINEVIČIŪTĖ, Monika, and Kęstutis VALANČIUS. "Renewable and non-renewable primary energy factors for Lithuanian A++ buildings’ heating." In 12th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VILNIUS TECH, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2023.892.

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Lithuanian A++ buildings are highly energy-efficient, but their heating systems still require energy to operate, and the type of energy used can have a significant impact on the environment. By considering both non-renewable and renewable primary energy sources, policymakers, builders, and building owners can make informed decisions about reducing carbon emissions, improving energy efficiency, and promoting sustainable energy use. This article examines the impact of different heating systems on primary energy (PE) consumption in buildings of different functions (single-dwelling residential building, multi-dwelling residential building, office building) with the same energy class (A++), to determine how much primary energy (renewable and non-renewable) is consumed for building operation and investigate changes in CO2 emissions depending on heat source. Primary energy use is a crucial benchmark for achieving energy efficiency goals in the European Union, but the use and calculation of primary energy factors can be contentious as they can affect the results of various analyses. The study demonstrates that the choice of the heat source is a complex task, as it requires considering the share of renewable primary energy in the final primary energy consumption, particularly in “Nearly zero energy buildings” (Lithuanian A++ buildings) where most of the energy consumed should come from renewable sources.
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Themelis, Nickolas J., and Karsten Millrath. "The Case for WTE as a Renewable Source of Energy." In 12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec12-2206.

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The combustion of municipal solid wastes for generating electricity (Waste-To-Energy) has been recognized by several states as a renewable source of energy. Yet, there has been determined opposition by some environmental groups to including WTE in the portfolio of renewable energy sources that will benefit from a tax credit designed to decrease reliance on non-renewable fossil fuels. While WTE is considered worldwide as a solid waste management option, the recognition and acceptance of WTE as a clean source of energy still requires public involvement and education. This paper will examine the “pro” and “con” arguments for considering WTE as a renewable energy source.
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Imbrea, Vasile, Constantin Petrescul, and Dorin Lucache. "PLC Integration in the Grid Connection of a Non-Dispatchable Renewable Energy Source." In 2020 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe50722.2020.9305653.

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Mitra, Purnayan, and Nihal Mounir Darraj. "Reservoir Modelling to Predict the Effect of Cold Water Injection in Geothermal Pressure Transient Analysis." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212615-ms.

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Abstract Energy is one of the major components for defining the overall development of a country. Mankind utilizes energy to meet the requirements of daily processes. This energy can be extracted from the renewable as well as the non-renewable sources of energy. With global rise in the usage of non-renewable energy sources, there is a much concern for the green house gas emissions and climate change. Renewable sources of energy are therefore being exploited to reduce the consumption of conventional fuels and overall reduce the environmental impacts. While solar, wind and tidal energy have been in scope of research, geothermal reservoirs are also proving their potential as a renewable source of energy. Geothermal reservoirs are one of the cleanest and renewable sources of energy which can meet the rising global energy crisis. Proper exploration and exploitation of geothermal energy is therefore one of the key objectives of reservoir engineers to adopt this energy source. The challenge which lies is to find best fit analytical methods for pressure transient analysis of geothermal reservoirs. This is because the assumptions made to predict the pressure transient analysis in hydrocarbon reservoirs are not satisfied by geothermal reservoirs. Based on extended studies it has been assumed to choose the properties of injected fluid in the reservoir conditions. But the gap between the reality and prediction couldn't be minimized as the properties of the hot and cold fluid in the reservoir conditions vary non-uniformly with respect to time. In this paper the impact of cold water injection on pressure transient analysis of geothermal reservoir is studied by varying the temperature of the injectate cold water from room temperature to reservoir temperature.
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Ranjan, Rajesh, Uma Yadav, and Prateek Srivastava. "Evaluating the Feasibility and Performance of Renewable Energy in Railway Traction Power Systems: A Review." In International Conference on Cutting-Edge Developments in Engineering Technology and Science. ICCDETS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62919/xcvj2309.

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This paper is a study on advantages and limitations of the developed system of Traction Power Supply System (TPSS). In India electric traction system based on DC Locomotive motor drives and supplied by 25 KV. Electric traction system mostly concerns very high power and high voltage, and just because of that, power quality is the main issue or main concern. Steadily increasing demand of electricity is the main reason for the use of combined or hybrid networks. Slender accessibility of non-renewable source and contamination due to conventional source leads to use of renewable energy source as their substitute. In this paper wind energy used as a renewable energy source which is meshed with the grid and grid network sent power to locomotives of traction line connected by their substation.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Non-renewable energy source"

1

Donohoo-Vallett, Paul. Accounting Methodology for Source Energy of Non-Combustible Renewable Electricity Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1333047.

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Alonso-Sanabria, Juan David, Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia, and Daniel Parra-Amado. Connecting the Dots: Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, Reforestation, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Colombia. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1252.

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This study aims to establish a comprehensive linkage between CO2 emissions and the composition of energy sources, economic growth, and reforestation, thereby shedding light on their intricate connections in Colombia over the period 1970-2018. First, we use different types of energy consumption including non-renewable, renewable, and hydroelectric sources. As expected, our findings reveal a noteworthy effect of non-renewable sources that lead to increased emissions, while renewable sources help mitigate those emissions. Second, the preservation of forested areas plays a crucial role in mitigating CO2 emissions. Third, the agricultural sector significantly contributes to the rise in emissions, encompassing both crops and livestock, a characteristic often observed in emerging economies. Moreover, in the long-run equilibrium, we find real GDP show the characteristic inverted U-shaped pattern commonly linked with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis.
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Ayele, Seife, Wei Shen, Frangton Chiyemura, and Jing Gu. Enhancing China–Africa Cooperation in the Renewable Energy Sector. Institute of Development Studies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.028.

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Access to affordable and sustainable electricity is of fundamental importance to development in much of Africa. But, while access to electricity is improving, contributions from non-hydropower renewable energy sources remain small. At the same time, China – the powerhouse of solar energy technologies – has made limited contribution to harnessing Africa’s renewable energy. Combining insights from recent webinars and research, this Policy Briefing discusses how China–Africa cooperation on renewable energy could lead to improvements in access to and supply of affordable and sustainable energy in Africa. Recommendations for African and Chinese policymakers and businesses include the adoption of transparent, competitive, and locally inclusive energy procurement and use mechanisms.
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Secretariat, Commonwealth. The Commonwealth Sustainable Energy Transition: Pathways and Progress Report. Commonwealth Secretariat, 2022. https://doi.org/10.14217/comsec.979.

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Successful implementation of the Paris Agreement and the delivery of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG7 on affordable and clean energy, are intrinsically linked. Key goals of SDG7 include achieving universal access to energy by 2030 and substantially increasing the share of renewable energy globally. The Paris Agreement targets limiting global warming to well below 2°C and preferably to 1.5°C compared to preindustrial levels by 2050 by the decarbonisation of our economies, requiring a transition of our energy sources from non-renewable hydrocarbon-based fuels to non-carbon fuels, which will primarily be renewable energy. This transition will entail major changes in our economies and to our lifestyles and change of this magnitude at the required pace will be challenging, bringing significant disruption, uncertainties and opportunities. Progress is being made towards these goals, but there is a consensus that it is not happening fast enough to meet the targets of SDG7 or the Paris Agreement.
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Henderson, Heath, and Nancy McCarthy. The Role of Renewable Energy Laws in Expanding Energy from Non-Traditional Renewables. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011659.

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Many countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are interested in diversifying their energy sources for energy security and in contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases. Non-traditional renewable energy (NTRE) sources, which include wind, solar, geothermal and small-scale hydropower, have received a lot of attention towards meeting these goals. To foster the expansion of NTRE, different countries have pursued different legal and regulatory approaches, but there remains very limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of different approaches. In this paper, we use a unique dataset that combines information on NTRE growth rates and information on the legal and regulatory framework, as well as other control variables, for 27 countries over the period 2001-2010. Legal and regulatory instruments include legally binding and non-binding quantity targets, contracts guaranteeing premium prices, fiscal incentives and import duty waivers, and guaranteed access to the grid. Using an information-theoretic Markov Chain analysis, results indicate that fiscal incentives and guaranteed access have relatively high impacts on transitions into high growth rates, whereas fiscal incentives and import duty waivers have relatively high impacts on transitions into moderate growth rates. Binding and non-binding agreements increase transitions out of negative and zero growth rates, but to relatively low positive growth rates. Contracts with premium subsidies also have limited impacts on transitions into high growth rates, though they are associated with transitions into the low growth category. These results provide additional evidence on which regulatory instruments have been most effective in aiding countries in expanding their NTRE.
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Ahammad, Ronju, and Francisco X. Aguilar. Socio-economic indicators for the assessment of sustainability in the Swedish forest sector, and linkages with the national environmental quality objectives. SLU Future forests, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.6cbejge10k.

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Sweden’s Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) have been adopted to help describe the environment the country wishes to achieve, and are a promise to future generations of clean air, a healthy living environment, and rich opportunities to enjoy nature. Here, we assessed selected socio-economic indicators adapted from the Montréal Process for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (MP) to examine trends in the Swedish forest sector of direct relevance to the EQOs. We did this with the aim of raising awareness about important socio-economic dimensions related to the EQOs, and to explore the linkages between the EQOs and the forest bioeconomy. We focused on the forest sector because of its central importance to meeting the EQOs, and fundamental social and economic roles it plays in Swedish society. The MP was chosen as our guiding framework because it was developed to assess national-level sustainable forest conservation and management, thus, incorporating critical economic, environmental and social dimensions. We applied a mixed methods approach based on a literature review, analyses of national and multilateral databases, and consultation with experts to identify and interpret selected indicators. We identified forest sector socio-economic indicators relevant to the EQOs related to forest property and ownership, economic value and consumption of wood and wood products, employment, wood energy, access to greenery, per capita forest availability, and cultural values. Interpretation of national-level indicators estimated for the 2000-2020 period point to overall progress toward maintaining forest conservation and production areas and a sector that has added substantial economic value through the processing of wood and wood products. Forests are an importance source of renewable energy and increasingly support the location of non-wood energy sources through the placement of wind power mills across forested lands. Downward trends were observed in fewer forest owners, a shrinking workforce, and per capita forest area which might be explained by processes of bequeathing, higher industry efficiencies and continued population growth. Selected indicators related to production forests, wood energy, per capita protected forests and cultural importance suggest these can directly support relevant EQOs including living forests, limited climate impact, rich plant and animal life. Through exports and hiring foreign workers, the Swedish forest sector has kept a direct linkage with the consumption of wood products abroad and in supporting economic wellbeing in lesser-developed nations through wages from forestry and non-wood seasonal employment, respectively. There is limited current information on cultural aspects such as heritage values and reindeer herding. Available data suggest a declining trend in damages to cultural remains within forest felling areas. We recommend regular and periodic assessment of the cultural and conservation values for Swedish forests to strengthen the ability to assess social and ecological sustainability relevant to the EQOs.
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Crumbly, Isaac J., and Haixin Wang. An Analysis of the Use of Energy Audits, Solar Panels, and Wind Turbines to Reduce Energy Consumption from Non Renewable Energy Sources. Defense Technical Information Center, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626067.

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Batlle, Carlos. Analysis of the impact of increased Non-Conventional Renewable Energy generation on Latin American Electric Power Systems. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007960.

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Анотація:
The new renewable sources, such as sun or wind, show a specific set of characteristics such as geographical and temporal variability that challenge their integration into traditional energy systems to supply electricity. These aspects have a great impact in the operation of electricity systems that go from the need for generation reserve in the system in order to guarantee operational reliability to possible changes in network and electricity infrastructure planning. The report is structured as follows: Section 1 provides an overview of renewables in Latin America; Section 2 includes a conceptual analysis of how the penetration of NCREs impacts power systems; ection 3 provides a brief description of some solutions being or which could be applied to optimize the penetration of NCREs while maximizing it; Section 4 discusses some basic conceptual aspects that should be considered when dealing with the problem of long-term power system planning; Section 5 provides a general review of the main computer approaches being applied or studied in order to support decision-making for expanding electricity systems, for both the generation and the network side (transmission and distribution); Section 6 analyzes a series of experiences from a selection of Latin American countries. The aim is to briefly describe how each country is conducting its planning processes, focusing on the computer tools being used; Finally, Section 7 provides conclusions and improvement recommendations.
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Tissot, Roger. Latin America's Energy Future. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006946.

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This discussion paper presents a survey of the changes in Latin America's energy consumption over the last 30 years, before considering the trends that will affect the region in the coming decades. It highlights several important issues, including the growing demand for oil, which has prompted a resurgence of resource nationalism and the revitalization of national oil companies in the region. Regional oil policy has also been boosted by the growth of China, which is now a major player in the Latin American energy sector, as both consumer and financier. Natural gas consumption has also grown in recent years, and the discovery of large non-conventional gas reserves will also alter the energy landscape. Overall, the paper concludes that Latin America has adequate resources to meet its rising energy needs. The challenge for national governments, however, is to find a balance of sources that best provides energy security, meets growing demand, is environmentally sustainable, and can be developed at a competitive cost. For the region with the cleanest energy matrix in the world, the paper recommends that national governments focus on developing renewable resources in order to avoid a greater reliance on fossil fuels.
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Paule, Bernard, Flourentzos Flourentzou, Tristan de KERCHOVE d’EXAERDE, Julien BOUTILLIER, and Nicolo Ferrari. PRELUDE Roadmap for Building Renovation: set of rules for renovation actions to optimize building energy performance. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541614638.

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In the context of climate change and the environmental and energy constraints we face, it is essential to develop methods to encourage the implementation of efficient solutions for building renovation. One of the objectives of the European PRELUDE project [1] is to develop a "Building Renovation Roadmap"(BRR) aimed at facilitating decision-making to foster the most efficient refurbishment actions, the implementation of innovative solutions and the promotion of renewable energy sources in the renovation process of existing buildings. In this context, Estia is working on the development of inference rules that will make it possible. On the basis of a diagnosis such as the Energy Performance Certificate, it will help establishing a list of priority actions. The dynamics that drive this project permit to decrease the subjectivity of a human decisions making scheme. While simulation generates digital technical data, interpretation requires the translation of this data into natural language. The purpose is to automate the translation of the results to provide advice and facilitate decision-making. In medicine, the diagnostic phase is a process by which a disease is identified by its symptoms. Similarly, the idea of the process is to target the faulty elements potentially responsible for poor performance and to propose remedial solutions. The system is based on the development of fuzzy logic rules [2],[3]. This choice was made to be able to manipulate notions of membership with truth levels between 0 and 1, and to deliver messages in a linguistic form, understandable by non-specialist users. For example, if performance is low and parameter x is unfavourable, the algorithm can gives an incentive to improve the parameter such as: "you COULD, SHOULD or MUST change parameter x". Regarding energy performance analysis, the following domains are addressed: heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting. Regarding the parameters, the analysis covers the following topics: Characteristics of the building envelope. and of the technical installations (heat production-distribution, ventilation system, electric lighting, etc.). This paper describes the methodology used, lists the fields studied and outlines the expected outcomes of the project.
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