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Статті в журналах з теми "Non-Sovereign"

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HALDÉN, PETER. "A non-sovereign modernity: attempts to engineer stability in the Balkans 1820–90." Review of International Studies 39, no. 2 (2012): 337–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210512000101.

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AbstractSocial theory almost invariably equates modernity with the sovereign state. This equation must be nuanced because the modern era and modern strategies of international stability have contained non-sovereign units. In the nineteenth century, the Great Powers tried to create international stability by engineering forms of rule in Europe. These strategies built on distinctively modern ideas: the possibility of radically breaking with the past, redesigning political organisations, and actively controlling political events through rational planning. Throughout the century the Great Powers a
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Wu, Po-Chin, Shiao-Yen Liu, and Tsai-Yuan Huang. "Non-linear Growth-Determinants Nexus: The Role of Sovereign Debt." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 222, no. 3 (2017): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.17.3.2.

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Patton, Paul. "Bio-power and Non-sovereign Rights." Journal of Philosophy: A Cross-Disciplinary Inquiry 6, no. 15 (2011): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jphilnepal201161529.

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Hatchondo, Juan Carlos, Leonardo Martinez, and Yasin Kursat Onder. "Non-Defaultable Debt and Sovereign Risk." IMF Working Papers 14, no. 198 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498325189.001.

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Aryal, Yubraj. "Affective politics and non-sovereign identity." Textual Practice 34, no. 1 (2018): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950236x.2018.1508059.

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Hatchondo, Juan Carlos, Leonardo Martinez, and Yasin Kursat Onder. "Non-defaultable debt and sovereign risk." Journal of International Economics 105 (March 2017): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2017.01.008.

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Cooper, Julie E. "Spinoza vs. the Kahal: The Zionist Critique of Spinoza’s Politics." Jewish Social Studies 29, no. 2 (2024): 94–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jss.00010.

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Abstract: The 1920s and 30s witnessed an explosion of interest in Spinoza among Zionist intellectuals. The reflexive equation of nation and state has led scholars to conclude that Zionists were drawn to Spinoza because he justified state sovereignty. This assumption is mistaken. Eastern European Zionists rejected Spinoza’s sovereignty-centered political thought—precisely because it denies political standing to non-sovereign bodies such as the kahal. Drawing on diasporic history, Spinoza’s Zionist critics elaborated a distinctive political vision that prized national autonomy but did not equate
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Ms., Poonam. "TORTIOUS LIABILITY OF THE STATE: TRANSITIONING FROM ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY TO CONDITIONAL RESPONSIBILITY." Indian Journal of Law and Society III, no. 2 (2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15380407.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <em>Gone are the days, when people were controlled and governed by the kings. No person was permitted to raise their voice against the king. Owing to this, there was no scope for fixing the state's and its officials' liability since it was a common notion that king can do no wrong. But with time, this concept changed, and for the first time in 1861 state was made responsible in a landmark case named &lsquo;Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Co. v. Secretary of State 1861 Cal SC&rsquo;. In the abovementioned authority, state was first considered responsible for i
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Athari, Seyed Alireza, Chafic Saliba, Elsa Abboud, and Nourhan El-Bayaa. "Examining the Quadratic Impact of Sovereign Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices on Firms’ Profitability: New Insights from the Financial Industry in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (2024): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072783.

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The present study particularly aims to probe the quadratic effects of the combined and individual sovereign environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities on the banking sector’s profitability. Furthermore, we attempt to shed light on the channels through which sovereign ESG practices impact the banking sector’s profitability. Unlike the vast majority of prior works that investigated the sustainability practice–firms’ profitability nexus from the firm level, this study originally probes this relationship from the country level by considering the sovereign ESG sustainability activities.
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James, Alan. "A response to Kurtulus." Review of International Studies 28, no. 4 (2002): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210502007799.

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In the initial section of his article, Ersun Kurtulus criticises the approach to sovereignty which I advanced in my Sovereign Statehood (1986). There I argued that the characteristic which distinguishes a sovereign from a non-sovereign state is constitutional independence—that is to say, a territorial entity's possession of a constitution which is not subordinate to that of another territorial entity. The most obvious and graphic way of identifying this distinction is to compare the position of a sovereign state with that of a territory which is part of a federal state. Thus Iceland is a sover
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Дисертації з теми "Non-Sovereign"

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Antonakakis, Nikolaos. "Sovereign Debt and Economic Growth Revisited: The Role of (Non-)Sustainable Debt Thresholds." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4321/1/wp187.pdf.

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Contributing to the contentious debate on the relationship between sovereign debt and economic growth, I examine the role of theory-driven (non-)sustainable debt-ratios in combination with debt-ratio thresholds on economic growth. Based on both dynamic and non-dynamic panel data analyses in the euro area (EA) 12 countries over the period 1970-2013, I find that non-sustainable debt-ratios above and below the 60% threshold, have a detrimental effect on short-run economic growth, while sustainable debt-ratios below the 90% threshold exert a positive influence on short-run economic growth. In t
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Kelz, R. J. "The non-sovereign self : Arendt, Butler and Cavell on the subject, community and otherness." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d2c55a1-2eda-4734-80c5-a56c06de9b0b.

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This thesis examines the idea of the non-sovereign self and the role it plays in the work of Hannah Arendt, Judith Butler, and Stanley Cavell. Based on their critiques of the subject a philosophical anthropology is forwarded that stresses that humans can only be understood in relation to their environment. This highlights the role of language, embodiment, and psychic attachment for the notion of the non-sovereign self and maintains that humans are finite and contingent beings. The finiteness of the self's knowledge of itself and others also implies that the self cannot give a cohesive narrativ
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Kjälled, Emiel. "‘Operation Sovereign Borders’ : An examination of state sovereignty, non-refoulement andextraterritorial migration controls at sea." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61278.

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Etro-Beko, Tansy Anada. "The Political Implications of Nietzsche's Perspectivism." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38514.

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In the first chapter of my doctoral thesis, entitled The Political Implications of Nietzsche's Perspectivism, I argue that due to conflicting passages present throughout his oeuvre, Nietzsche is best understood as a twofold metaphysical sceptic. That is, a sceptic about the existence of the external world, and consequently, as a sceptic about such a world's correspondence to our perspectives. Nietzsche presents a threefold conceptualization of 'nihilism' and a twofold one of the 'will to power.' Neutral nihilism is humanity's inescapable condition of having no non-humanly created meanings and
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Bandžak, Richard. "Costs and benefits of reducing financing costs through corporate social responsibility." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201904.

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The dissertation thesis investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance (FP) on the sample of 51 Eurozone banks over the period from 2008 to 2014. The investigation is based on a panel data regression analysing the financial data from Bankscope and the social performance data from CSRHub. Return on assets and the ratio of non-performing loans to total loans represent the measures of financial performance and are used as dependent variables. The results of this model have shown a positive and statistically significant CSR-FP relationship. It
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Vivès, Rémi. "Three essays on the role of expectations in business cycles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0453.

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Cette thèse étudie le rôle des anticipations dans les cycles économiques en analysant trois types d’anticipations différentes. Dans un premier temps, je me concentre sur une explication théorique des cycles économiques générée par des changements d'anticipations qui se révèlent auto-réalisatrices. Ce chapitre contribue à améliorer un puzzle provenant de la littérature sunspot, soutenant ainsi une interprétation des cycles économiques basée sur les prophéties auto-réalisatrices. Dans un deuxième temps, j’analyse empiriquement comment les annonces de la banque centrale se propagent à l’économie
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Pope, Madelaine Rose. "Discipline and Surveillance of Non-Docile Heroines in Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South and "The Poor Clare" and Sheridan Le Fanu's The Rose and the Key." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1555425363078989.

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Lymperopoulos-Bountalis, Filippos. "Town Meeting: A Representative but Non-Sovereign Institution." Thesis, 2019. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/11752/13/Lymperopoulos-Bountalis_Filippos_2019_thesis.pdf.

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<p>Questions of democracy are fundamental for modern society. One of the main distinctions made in the study of democracy is between direct and representative democracy. While most democratic institutions today are representative, the roots of democracy lie in direct democracy, a system in which citizens vote directly on the issues rather than on candidates who will then make the decisions. One of the most historically significant institutions in the area of direct democracy, especially in the American tradition, is the town meeting. Unfortunately, most of the discussion on the town meeting ha
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Hsu, Cheng-Wen, and 徐振文. "A Feasibility Study of Setting Up a Non-commodity Sovereign Wealth Funds in Taiwan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46659348333360196868.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>經濟學研究所<br>100<br>In recent years, the rapidly growing number and size of Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) reflect the foreign exchange assets that accrue mainly via revenues from commodity markets or intervention in the foreign exchange market. Budget surplus are also important in many cases. Asian tigers, Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong have been set up SWFs, and China also set up the China Investment Corporation in 2007. The financial environment in Taiwan is similar to East Asian countries have been set up SWFs , so whether Taiwan should set up a sovereign wealth fund beco
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PATELLA, VALERIA. "Essays on Non-linearities in Macroeconomics." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1105096.

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This dissertation consists of three essays studying different topics in macroeconomics under the common aim of assessing the role of nonlinear dynamics in explaining selected facts of interest. In Chapter 1, co-authored with Marzio Bassanin and Ester Faia, we explore the linkages between financial crises and debt markets, where collateral constraints and opacity of asset values are the norm. We, therefore, introduce ambiguity attitudes in beliefs formation in a small open economy model where borrowers investing in risky assets face occasionally binding collateral constraints. We estimate the
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Книги з теми "Non-Sovereign"

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Kelz, Rosine. The Non-Sovereign Self, Responsibility, and Otherness. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137508973.

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Masahide, Shibusawa. The Private Diplomacy of Shibusawa Eiichi. Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823810.

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“This book offers an account of the life of Shibusawa Eiichi, who may be considered the first ‘internationalist’ in modern Japan, written by his great grandson Masahide and published in 1970 under the title, Taiheiyo ni kakeru hashi (Building Bridges Over the Pacific). Japan had a tortuous relationship with internationalism between 1840, when Shibusawa was born, and 1931, the year the nation invaded Manchuria and when he passed away. The key to understanding Shibusawa’s thoughts against the background of this history, the author shows, lies in the concept of ‘people’s diplomacy,’ namely an app
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Onder, Yasin Kursat, Leonardo Martinez, and Juan Carlos Hatchondo. Non-Defaultable Debt and Sovereign Risk. International Monetary Fund, 2014.

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Onder, Yasin Kursat, Leonardo Martinez, and Juan Carlos Hatchondo. Non-Defaultable Debt and Sovereign Risk. International Monetary Fund, 2014.

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Onder, Yasin Kursat, Leonardo Martinez, and Juan Carlos Hatchondo. Non-Defaultable Debt and Sovereign Risk. International Monetary Fund, 2014.

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Murdoch, H. Adlai, ed. The Struggle of Non-Sovereign Caribbean Territories. Rutgers University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9781978815766.

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Equaliberty in the Dutch Caribbean: Ways of Being Non/Sovereign. Rutgers University Press, 2022.

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Lewis, Linden, Francio Guadeloupe, and Yvon van der Pijl. Equaliberty in the Dutch Caribbean: Ways of Being Non/Sovereign. Rutgers University Press, 2022.

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Lewis, Linden, Francio Guadeloupe, and Yvon van der Pijl. Equaliberty in the Dutch Caribbean: Ways of Being Non/Sovereign. Rutgers University Press, 2022.

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Lewis, Linden, Francio Guadeloupe, and Yvon van der Pijl. Equaliberty in the Dutch Caribbean: Ways of Being Non/Sovereign. Rutgers University Press, 2022.

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Частини книг з теми "Non-Sovereign"

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Brauer, Jurgen, and Robert Haywood. "Non-State Sovereign Entrepreneurs and Non-Territorial Sovereign Organizations." In Entrepreneurship and Economic Development. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230295155_14.

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Garlick, Steve. "Towards Non-Sovereign Masculinities." In Posthumanism and the Man Question. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003219613-18.

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Puggioni, Raffaela. "The Sovereign of (Non)protection." In Rethinking International Protection. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-48310-2_2.

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Roth, Brad R. "Sovereign Equality and Non-Liberal Regimes." In Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 2012. T. M. C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-915-3_2.

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Kelz, Rosine. "Introduction." In The Non-Sovereign Self, Responsibility, and Otherness. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137508973_1.

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Kelz, Rosine. "Arendt on the Acting, Thinking and Moral Self." In The Non-Sovereign Self, Responsibility, and Otherness. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137508973_2.

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Kelz, Rosine. "The Situated and Embodied Self: Butler and Cavell on Subjectivity, Language, and Finitude." In The Non-Sovereign Self, Responsibility, and Otherness. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137508973_3.

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Kelz, Rosine. "Otherness and an Ethics of Responsibility." In The Non-Sovereign Self, Responsibility, and Otherness. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137508973_4.

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Kelz, Rosine. "Responsibility beyond the Human?" In The Non-Sovereign Self, Responsibility, and Otherness. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137508973_5.

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Kelz, Rosine. "Re-Imagining the Political." In The Non-Sovereign Self, Responsibility, and Otherness. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137508973_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Non-Sovereign"

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Aydeger, Abdullah, and Engin Zeydan. "Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity in 6G Non-Public Networks: Enhanced Security in Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems." In 2024 20th International Conference on Network and Service Management (CNSM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.23919/cnsm62983.2024.10814552.

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N Schrage, Burkhard. "Natural Catastrophes and Sovereign Bond Prices." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3784.

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Aim/Purpose: This study investigates effects of natural catastrophes on the cost of sovereign debt in developing countries and discusses MNC financing strategies. Background: Over the last decades, natural disasters have increased in both number and severity. The combination of higher event frequency and intensity, coupled with fragile economic conditions in emerging market countries, may affect sovereign bond prices—particularly in developing countries—and consequently may have effects on the financing strategy of MNCs Methodology: Parametric and non-parametric analyses and event study method
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Shmatkova, Liubov. "NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITIES OF ORTHODOX TERRITORIALITY: INSIGHTS FOR POLITICAL GEOGRАPHY". У Book of Abstracts and Contributed Papers. Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/csge5.74ls.

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A common approach involves applying the principles of political geography to other domains. The political map of the world, for instance, illustrates international relations as a system of relatively equal states, each sovereign over its territory, with no hierarchical relationships. This framework is often inappropriately extended to the relationships between Orthodox Churches, using political geography’s terminology and concepts to create maps of “canonical (sovereign) territories.” However, the spatial organization of the Orthodox world, while sharing some similarities with the state-based
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Harris, Christopher G. "Challenges and Opportunities of Integrating Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and Self-Sovereign AI (SSAI) in Blockchain-Based Metaverse Projects." In 2024 9th International Conference on Big Data Analytics (ICBDA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbda61153.2024.10607366.

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Qi, Qianru, Khoja Ghaliah, and Iraj Ershaghi. "Reservoir Engineering and Geomechanical Aspects of Well Plugging and Abandonment." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204710-ms.

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Abstract With the maturation of many oilfields, further well abandonments will occur in the years to come. There are issues about improper well abandonment that can have far-reaching effects for responsible companies or entities. At this time in the US, where most of the operation is operated by non-government entities, sometimes the sovereign state may end up covering the cost of well abandonment when the operator is not financially capable in managing such costs. That will be a burden to the public taxpayers. In this paper, we review an important aspect of the well abandonment practices and
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Chupeska, Ana. "FROM ETHNOPOPULISM TO SECURITY RISKS." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.3.6.22.p13.

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Erin Jenne (2018), in her highly instructive article dedicated to ethnopopulism: Is Nationalism or Ethnopopulism on the Rise Today?, defines ethnopopulism as a “discourse that equates ‘the people’ with ‘the nation’ and holds that sovereignty should be an expression of the will of the ‘nation-people”30. She refers to Mudde’s notion of the populist radical right31, denoting the moment when he draws attention to the fact that in recent decades nationalist parties are experiencing their rise and most of these parties are taking on an ethnopopulist form.32 Populism33, as such, it is worth mentionin
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Cosmescu, Dragos. "Il fortificare come buon governo. La testimonianza della Repubblica di Venezia." In FORTMED2025 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. edUPV. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2025.2025.20266.

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A sign of good sovereign is protection to citizens and fortifying is the best act of good government for all periods - peace and war - since it prepares in advance, discourages enemies and reassures citizens. Protection is the duty of the prince, but it also useful for the good prince to protect its subjects and their property. Of the actions taken in fortifying a place, Modernizing is most clearly associated by the good government, separating it from the more basic activities of constructing and repairing existing defenses.We will apply this investigation to the republic of Venice. The Sereni
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Звіти організацій з теми "Non-Sovereign"

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Soriano, Alejandro, Roland Michelitsch, Roni Szwedzki, Juan Felipe García, Patricia Oliveira, and Melanie Putic. A Review of IDB Group's Non Sovereign Guaranteed Problem Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001616.

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Ojeda-Joya, Jair N., and Gloria Inés Sarmiento-Becerra. Sovereign risk and the real exchange rate : a non-linear approach. Banco de la República, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.970.

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Soriano, Alejandro, Roland Michelitsch, Roni Szwedzki, Patricia Oliveira, and Melanie Putic. Approach Paper: A Review of IDB Group's Non-Sovereign Guaranteed Problem Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000780.

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4

Ruprah, Inder J., Jose Ignacio Sembler, Camilo Pecha, and Patricia Sadeghi. An Evaluation of the Bank's Non-Sovereign Operations with Sub-National Entities: 2007-2010. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010443.

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Анотація:
This evaluation examines the IDB's non-sovereign operations with sub-national entities during the 2007-2010 period. The delivery of loans to sub-national borrowers in this period was modest, not even near breaching the one-third ceiling. Attention to the sub-national sector is important in Latin America, because effective public service delivery is critical for poverty reduction, low gross capital formation is hindering development in the region, and decentralization has increasingly placed investment decisions for infrastructure services at the sub-national level. This presents an opportunity
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5

Gomez-Gonzalez, Jose E., Jorge M. Uribe, and Oscar Valencia. Sovereign Risk and Economic Complexity. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005533.

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This paper investigates how a country's economic complexity influences its sovereign yield spread with respect to the United States. Notably, a one-unit increase in the Economic Complexity Index is associated with a reduction of about 87 basis points in the 10-year yield spread. However, this effect is largely non-significant for maturities under three years. This suggests that economic complexity affects not only the level of the sovereign yield spreads but also the curve slope. The first set of models utilizes advanced causal machine learning tools, while the second focuses on economic compl
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6

Molinari, Andrea, and Rocío Ceballos. Analysing the New Development Bank's core objectives (2016-2022). APRI - Africa Policy Research Private Institute gUG (haftungsbeschränkt)., 2024. https://doi.org/10.59184/sa.053.

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The New Development Bank has expanded its mandate to support climate action and sustainable development but faces challenges including aligning financing with local currency and non-sovereign lending.
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7

Burriel, Pablo, Mar Delgado-Téllez, Camila Figueroa, Iván Kataryniuk, and Javier J. Pérez. Estimating the contribution of macroeconomic factors to sovereign bond spreads in the euro area. Banco de España, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/36257.

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This paper proposes a novel approach to estimating the contribution of macroeconomic factors to sovereign spreads in the euro area, defined as the spread level consistent with the country’s prevailing macroeconomic conditions. Despite the wealth of papers estimating sovereign spreads, model-dependency and lack of robustness remain key considerations. Accordingly, we propose a “thick modeling” empirical framework, based on the estimation of a wide range of models. We focus on 10-year sovereign bond yields for nine euro area countries, using a sample that covers the period January 2000 to Decemb
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8

Agarwala, Matthew, Matt Burke, Jennifer Doherty-Bigara, Patrycja Klusak, and Kamiar Mohaddes. Climate Change and Sovereign Risk: A Regional Analysis for the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012885.

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Climate change is an existential threat to the world economy, with complex, evolving and nonlinear dynamics that remain a source of great uncertainty. There is a bourgeoning literature on the economic impact of climate change, but research on how climate change affects sovereign risks is limited. This paper provides forward-looking regional analysis of the effects of climate change on sovereign creditworthiness, probability of default and the cost of borrowing for the Caribbean economies. Our results indicate that there is substantial variation in the sensitivity of ratings to climate change a
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Mabuza, Patrick, Francis H. Kemeze, Oluwatoba J. Omotilewa, Mamadou Bah, and Btissam Benkerroum. Assessment of institutional set-up of results measurement and reporting systems for non-sovereign operations in development finance institutions. UNU-WIDER, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2023/339-0.

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10

Soldano, Miguel, Michelle Fryer, Ana María Linares, et al. Approach paper: Country Program Evaluation: Panama (2010-2014). Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010590.

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As part of its annual work plan, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) will evaluate the Bank's country program with Panama for the period 2010-2014. This paper defines the approach and methodology for the planned Country Program Evaluation (CPE). This is the third independent evaluation of the Bank's Country Program with Panama. Past evaluations covered the periods 1991-2003 (RE-305), and 2005-2009 (RE-359). For the purpose of this evaluation, OVE will review all Sovereign Guaranteed (SG) and Non-Sovereign Guaranteed (NSG) loan and TC operations (excluding IIC and MIF) that were either
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