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Готові списки джерел за темами / Nuclear Posture

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Nuclear Posture"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Nuclear Posture":

1

Narang, Vipin. "Posturing for Peace? Pakistan's Nuclear Postures and South Asian Stability." International Security 34, no. 3 (January 2010): 38–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.2010.34.3.38.

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A probe of various regional power nuclear postures reveals that such postures, rather than simply the acquisition of nuclear weapons, can have differential effects on deterrence and stability dynamics. The India-Pakistan dyad is a useful candidate for exploring these various effects because the three regional power nuclear postures—catalytic, assured retaliation, and asymmetric escalation—have interacted with each other in South Asia. In particular, Pakistan's shift from a catalytic posture to an asymmetric escalation posture in 1998 against a continuous Indian assured retaliation posture allows the effects of nuclear posture to be isolated in an enduring rivalry in which many variables can be held constant. The asymmetric escalation posture may be “deterrence optimal” for Pakistan, suggesting that nuclear postures do have different effects on conflict dynamics, but it has also enabled Pakistan to more aggressively pursue longstanding revisionist preferences in India, triggering more frequent and intense crises on the subcontinent. Furthermore, the command and control procedures that Pakistan undertakes to make its asymmetric escalation posture credible amplify this instability. These procedures generate risks to the safety and security of Pakistan's nuclear assets, both at present and as India and Pakistan continue to dynamically evolve nuclear and conventional postures. The conclusions for South Asian and international security of this reality are grim.

2

Hagerty, Devin T. "India's Evolving Nuclear Posture." Nonproliferation Review 21, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2014): 295–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2014.1072990.

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3

Deutch, John. "A Nuclear Posture for Today." Foreign Affairs 84, no. 1 (2005): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20034206.

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4

Isaacs, John. "Nuclear Posture: Ready, aim, fire." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 58, no. 4 (July 1, 2002): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2968/058004007.

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5

Thränert, Oliver. "Präsident Trumps Nuclear Posture Review." SIRIUS - Zeitschrift für Strategische Analysen 2, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sirius-2018-2005.

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6

Karl, David J. "Pakistan's Evolving Nuclear Weapon Posture." Nonproliferation Review 21, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2014): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700.2014.1072998.

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7

Harries, Matthew. "A Nervous Nuclear Posture Review." Survival 60, no. 2 (March 4, 2018): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2018.1448562.

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8

Bakhsh Rais, Rasul. "Conceptualizing Nuclear Deterrence: Pakistan's Posture." India Review 4, no. 2 (April 2005): 144–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14736480500225632.

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9

Lewis, Jeffrey G. "CHINESE NUCLEAR POSTURE AND FORCE MODERNIZATION." Nonproliferation Review 16, no. 2 (July 2009): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10736700902969661.

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10

Bajpai, Kanti. "India's Nuclear Posture after Pokhran II." International Studies 37, no. 4 (October 2000): 267–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020881700037004001.

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Дисертації з теми "Nuclear Posture":

1

Davies, Scott D. "Assessing India's nuclear weapons posture : the end of ambiguity? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA326681.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1996.
Thesis advisor(s): Peter Lavoy. "December 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-89). Also available online.

2

Oliker, Olga. "Between rhetoric and reality : explaining the Russian Federation's nuclear force posture." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107537.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 317-351).
This dissertation proposes and evaluates the performance of three theories that aim to explain Russia's nuclear force posture choices since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Two are rooted in concepts of inter-state competition. Of these, one begins with a central hypothesis that nuclear weapons, being more destructive than other weapons, are sufficient to deter a broad range of threats and will be preferred for doing so. The second argues that nuclear weapons contribute to a state's overall power and prestige, but are not sufficient to define it. They are preferred to deter nuclear, but not conventional, threats. The third theory postulates that strategic culture shapes which government actors will be most successful at garnering resources, resulting, in Russia's case, in a proclivity for offensive, ground-based weapons. I develop these theories and test them against the reality of Russia's nuclear rhetoric and force structure from 1992-2012. I find strongest support for the explanation rooted in cultural and bureaucratic factors. However, this theory predicts only force structure. In contrast, the theory that predicts states will treat nuclear weapons as one contributor to power and prestige appears to successfully predict Moscow's declaratory policy, but not its force structure (except between 2009 and 2012, when force structure is compatible with both this theory and the culture and bureaucracy theory). My analysis indicates that cultural and bureaucratic factors appear to play an important role in Russia's force structure choices, and help explain a continued emphasis on silo-based systems. Systemic factors appear crucial to Russian declaratory policy, but their impact on force structure is less pronounced, with the exception of Russia's desire for prestige driving larger force size. The divergence between declaratory policy and force structure is a notable finding not predicted by my theories (although allowed for by the culture and bureaucracy theory). Finally, I hope that with my culture and bureaucracy theory, I have proposed a useful way forward in operationalizing cultural factors for testing and analysis.
by Olga Oliker.
Ph. D.

3

Lyons, Marco J. "U.S. nuclear policy, strategy, and force structure: insights and issues from the 1994, 2001, and 2010 nuclear posture reviews." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43951.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis examines the main decisions taken in the 1994, 2001, and 2010 Nuclear Posture Reviews regarding U.S. nuclear capabilities and declaratory strategy, and the policy debates that followed the publication of each NPR, focusing on deterrence and other objectives of U.S. national security strategy. It analyzes and compares the post–Cold War NPRs to understand how each administration attempted to shape and direct policy, and how key issues were framed and addressed by policy makers and commentators. The concluding chapter identifies continuities and discontinuities in the NPRs, and considers how the roles of nuclear weapons, deterrence theory, and force structure have been addressed since the end of the Cold War. Continuities across the NPRs include the reduced role of the U.S. nuclear arsenal, deterrence objectives keyed to contemporary threats, nuclear arms control with Russia, and a force structure that emphasizes diverse capabilities, including non-nuclear offensive and defensive assets. Fundamental issues concerning nuclear deterrence requirements for U.S. national security nonetheless remain unresolved, owing in part to fundamentally different policy views and priorities. U.S. deterrence objectives have remained fairly stable; definitions of deterrence requirements have changed markedly in each post–Cold War administration, with increasingly lower nuclear force levels.

4

Hoekstra, Tijmen. "In Search of a Posture of Peace : Nuclear deterrence and the possibility of a Non-Offensive Defence with examples of India, Pakistan and Kazakhstan." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45436.

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This thesis takes the initial steps to find what it calls a ‘posture of peace’, a counterpart to what Hobbes refers to as a posture of war (Hobbes 1651/2004: 79)1. A posture of war representsdefensive initiatives that can be interpreted by others as a certain preparation for conflict, and its base definition is used as a template to formulate an initial version of a posture of peace2.While keeping this concept as an overarching theme throughout the thesis explores the concepts of nuclear posture and a credible minimum deterrence (CMD) through the examples of India and Pakistan. While the thesis discusses four different nuclear postures, there really are only two categories, namely the pro-nuclear and anti-nuclear posture. The main examples of pronuclear posture used here is the case of India and Pakistan, two geographical neighbouring Nuclear Weapon States (NWS) who have been experiencing ongoing frictions and conflicts since (and prior to) becoming nuclear powers. On the other side Kazakhstan serves as an example of an anti-nuclear posture and in regards to the nuclear debate a possible empirical example of a posture of peace. In addition to these postures there is also the concept of NonOffensive Defence (NOD), which is more exemplified in the Kazakhstan’s approach to their nuclear situation as well as their more contemporary initiative in collaboration with several other neighbouring states to form the Central Asia Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (CANWFZ). The thesis concludes that while NOD finds little support in pro-nuclear posturing, there is ample space for it over on the ani-nuclear posture side of the spectrum which in addition aligns more with the present interpretation of a posture of peace. Moreover, the CANWFZ initiative appears to be as close a perfect example of a NOD in the present case and as close as this stage of the research will come to observing a posture of peace.

5

Cheng, Ta-chen. "A comparative study of British and Chinese nuclear strategies and force postures." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421216.

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6

Vicente, Adérito Hugo Russo. "O debate estratégico nuclear nos EUA (1945-2010): tendências e evolução." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4809.

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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais,
Esta dissertação tem como principal objectivo compreender o que caracteriza a estratégia nuclear norte-americana, à luz do actual do projecto político da administração Obama, tendo em conta a transformação do sistema internacional, da Grande Estratégia dos EUA, e a importância do seu papel na prossecução desta. Tendo como objecto de estudo a análise do debate em torno das armas nucleares, nomeadamente o pensamento estratégico que o sustenta, a problemática da sua existência, a evolução e a avaliação das suas teorias, estratégias, políticas, funções e capacidades.

7

Mseddi, Eya. "Exploration cérébrale structurelle et morphologique de la posture chez des patients atteints de sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100162.

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La sclérose latérale amyotrophique [SLA] est une pathologie idiopathique à issue fatale caractérisée par la dégénérescence progressive et sélective des motoneurones du système nerveux central et périphérique. La SLA n’est pas exclusivement identifiée comme une maladie de la voie pyramidale, mais considérée plus largement comme une pathologie neurodégénérative multisystème. L’étude des mécanismes posturaux dans cette population n’a pas fait l’objet d’une grande attention. Dans ce travail de thèse, une exploration en imagerie cérébrale multimodale (imagerie en tenseur de diffusion [DTI] et morphométrie basée sur le voxel [VBM]) est proposée chez des patients SLA avec instabilité posturale [AIP] et stables [SIP] en vue de vérifier l’intégrité morphologique et structurelle des régions corticales et sous-corticales posturales. La comparaison entre les sujets contrôles et les patients SLA a démontré une augmentation significative du volume de la substance grise au niveau du noyau caudé chez les patients stables (SIP vs contrôle p<0,001 ; SIP vs AIP p<0,01). L’évaluation structurelle a révélé une diminution de la fraction d’anisotropie [FA] au niveau de l’aire motrice supplémentaire [AMS] dans les deux groupes de patients par rapport aux contrôles (contrôle vs SIP p<0,05 ; contrôle vs AIP p<0,001). Au niveau du noyau caudé, le groupe AIP a présenté une diminution de la valeur de la FA par rapport aux sujets contrôles (p<0,001) et aux sujets SIP (p<0,05). Ainsi, ces résultats contribuent à une meilleure caractérisation et compréhension des atteintes corticales et sous corticales des régions qui interviennent dans la posture chez les patients SLA
The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [ALS] is an idiopathic pathology with a fatal outcome. It is characterized by a progressive and selective degeneration of motor neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. ALS is no longer exclusively identified as a disease of the pyramidal pathway, but it is considered more broadly as multisystem neurodegenerative pathology. However, the analysis of postural processes in these patients has not been well studied in the literature. Multimodal brain imaging (Diffusion Tensor Imaging [DTI] and Voxel Based Morphometry [VBM]) exploration was performed for ALS patients with postural instability [AIP] and without postural instability [SIP] to test the morphometric and structural integrity of postural cortical and subcortical regions. A significant increase of gray matter in caudate nucleus volume has been noticed for stable patients (SIP vs controls p<0.001, SIP vs AIP p<0.01). The structural evaluation revealed a decrease of the Fractional Anisotropy [FA] at the Supplementary Motor Area [SMA] level in both groups of patients compared to controls (controls vs SIP p<0.05, controls vs. AIP p<0.001). At the caudate nucleus, the AIP group showed FA value decrease compared to controls (p<0.001) and SIP subjects (p<0.05). Thus, these results would contribute to a better characterization and understanding of the cortical and subcortical impairments of the postural regions in ALS patients

8

Thevathasan, Arthur Wesley. "Pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation for gait and postural disorders in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b64d5e10-9e22-4c25-8537-5aa4858d77aa.

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The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a reticular collection of neurons at the junction of midbrain and pons. The PPN in animal models appears topographically organised and functionally related to locomotion and arousal. In Parkinson’s disease, the PPN degenerates and is susceptible to abnormal basal ganglia output. In patients with Parkinson’s disease, low frequency PPN stimulation is proposed to improve gait freezing and postural instability. However, the therapeutic mechanisms, optimal clinical application and precise effects on gait and posture of PPN stimulation are unclear. Here, a topographic arrangement of the PPN was supported by local field potential recordings in parkinsonian patients. In the PPN region, beta oscillations were recorded rostrally and alpha oscillations caudally. Alpha oscillations, consistent with their putative role in allocating attention, correlated with gait performance and attenuated with gait freezing. Thus the caudal PPN subregion may be the most relevant target for gait disorders. Accordingly, an unblinded clinical study suggested that stimulation of the caudal PPN subregion was beneficial for gait freezing, postural instability and falls. In a double-blinded study using spatiotemporal gait analysis, caudal PPN stimulation reduced triggered gait freezing, with bilateral stimulation more effective than unilateral. However, akinesia including akinetic gait did not improve with PPN stimulation. Accordingly, dopaminergic medication requirements did not change. Mechanisms underlying gait freezing and PPN stimulation were explored with reaction time experiments. Parkinsonian patients with severe gait freezing and postural instability demonstrated a ‘block’ to pre-programmed movement. This was evidenced by prolonged simple reaction times and the absence of ‘StartReact’, whereby pre-prepared responses are normally accelerated by loud acoustic stimuli. PPN stimulation improved simple reaction time and restored Startreact. The relief of this ‘motor block’ with PPN stimulation may therefore explain the associated improvement in gait freezing and postural instability, as these tend to occur in circumstances requiring triggered, pre-prepared adjustments.

9

Naushahi, Mohammad Jawad. "Effect of pedunculopontine nucleus deep brain stimulation in reducing falls, improving gait and postural control in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58938.

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Keywords: deep brain stimulation (DBS), subthalamic nucleus (STN), pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), Parkinson’s disease (PD) Objective: To determine the advantage of bilateral PPN-DBS in reducing falls, improving gait and postural control in patients with advanced PD. Background: In recent years, PPN-DBS has been explored to address the axial motor symptoms of gait freezing and loss of postural control (adding to tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia as drivers of disease burden in advanced PD). However, the role of PPN-DBS remains unclear. Methods: A prospective, four-phase, within-subject cross-over, double-blinded study where bilateral STN (Med. 3389) and PPN-DBS (Med. 3387) electrodes were implanted in six patients with advanced PD and axial motor symptoms while on optimal medical therapy. The primary endpoint was the reduction in falls and improvement in gait. Performance was recorded on optimal medical therapy only (open-label phase), bilateral STN or PPN-DBS and simultaneous bilateral STN & PPN-DBS (ALL neurostimulation in conjunction with optimal medical therapy; 6- months each). The study received local ethics approval and informed written consent was obtained from all patients. Results: There was 100% decrease (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test; p < 0.05) in ICNG Index (falls / 1000 steps) with simultaneous bilateral STN (at 2.6 ± 0.2 V, 140 Hz, 60 μs) & PPN-DBS (at 1.5 ± 0.2 V, 20 Hz, 60 μs) in conjunction with optimal medical therapy compared to optimal medical therapy only. PPN-DBS was generally well tolerated and only induced momentary ipsilateral oscillopsia at commencement on ≥ 2.0 V with rapid habituation, consistent with previous findings. No other complications were reported with PPN-DBS. Conclusion: In appropriately selected patients, simultaneous bilateral STN & PPNDBS, in conjunction with optimal medical therapy, targeting the mid-lower PPN with the aid of DWI / DTI scans with PDT analysis and resultant saccadic modulation coupled with performance changes in the relevant axial motor segments, offers the possibility of ameliorating both the axial motor symptoms as well as the limb motor symptoms of advanced PD. DWI / DTI scans with PDT analysis of the PPN region may be used as a pre-operative tool to localise the electrode placement site, and they may also be useful as a post-operative tool to reassess electrode position.

10

Gut, Nadine Katrin. "Modelling the effects of deep brain stimulation in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4893.

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Based on the belief that it is a locomotor control structure, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) has been considered a potential target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with symptoms refractory to medication and/or stimulation of established target sites. To date, a number of patients have been implanted with PPTg electrodes with mostly disappointing results. Exact target site in PPTg, possible mechanisms of PPTg-DBS and likely potential benefits need to be systematically explored before consideration of further clinical application. The research described here approaches these questions by (i) investigating the role of the PPTg in gait per se; (ii) developing a refined model of PD that mimics the underlying pathophysiology by including partial loss of the PPTg itself; (iii) adapting a wireless device to let rats move freely while receiving DBS; and (iv) investigating the effect of DBS at different sites in the PPTg on gait and posture in the traditional and refined model of PD. Underlining the concern that understanding the PPTg as a locomotor control structure is inadequate, the experiments showed that neither partial nor complete lesions of PPTg caused gait deficits. The refined model showed hardly any differences compared to the standard one, but the effect of DBS in each was very different, highlighting the need to take degeneration in the PPTg into consideration when investigating it as a DBS target. The differential results of anterior and posterior PPTg-DBS show the critical importance of intra-PPTg DBS location: Anterior PPTg electrodes caused severe freezing and worsened gait while some gait parameters improved with stimulation of posterior PPTg. The results suggest mechanisms of PPTg-DBS beyond the proposed activation of over-inhibited PPTg neurons, including aggravation of already dysfunctional inhibitory input by anterior PPTg-DBS and activation of ascending projections from posterior PPTg to the forebrain.

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Книги з теми "Nuclear Posture":

1

Center, Henry L. Stimson. An evolving US nuclear posture. Washington, D.C: Henry L. Stimson Center, 1995.

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2

Zagorskiĭ, A. V. Russia's tactical nuclear weapons: Posture, politics and arms control. Hamburg: Institut für Friedensforschungund Sicherheitspolitik, 2011.

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3

Yost, David S. France's deterrent posture and security in Europe. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1985.

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4

McDonough, David S. The 2002 Nuclear Posture Review: the 'New Triad', counterproliferation, and U.S. grand strategy. Vancouver: Centre of International Relations, University of British Columbia, 2003.

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5

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Nuclear Posture Review: Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, April 22, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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6

Services, United States Congress Senate Committee on Armed. Briefing on results of the nuclear posture review: Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, September 22, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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7

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Examining the nuclear posture review: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, May 16, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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8

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Strategic Forces Subcommittee. The current status and future direction for U.S. nuclear weapons policy and posture: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, hearing held November 2, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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9

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Report of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States: Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, hearing held May 6, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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10

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. The report of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States: Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, May 7, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Nuclear Posture":

1

Busch, Nathan. "Command, Control, and the Nuclear Posture Review." In Nuclear Transformation, 105–18. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07838-4_8.

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2

Russell, James A. "The Nuclear Posture Review: The Middle East Redux?" In Nuclear Transformation, 239–55. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07838-4_17.

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3

Saveliev, Alexander G. "Implementing the Nuclear Posture Review: The Impact on Russia." In Nuclear Transformation, 195–203. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07838-4_14.

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4

Burgess, Stephen. "South Asian Nuclear Dynamics and the Nuclear Posture Review." In Nuclear Transformation, 205–21. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07838-4_15.

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5

Berry, William E. "The Nuclear Posture Review and Northeast Asia: Theoretical and Practical Implications." In Nuclear Transformation, 223–37. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07838-4_16.

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6

Cimbala, Stephen J. "The Trump Administration’s Nuclear Posture Review and Presidential Nuclear Prerogative." In The United States, Russia and Nuclear Peace, 109–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38088-5_6.

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7

Stratmann, K. Peter. "The Nuclear Relationship: Conventional Defense and Nuclear Posture in the Strategy of Deterrence." In Modeling and Analysis of Conventional Defense in Europe, 5–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2175-0_2.

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Wirtz, James J. "U.S. Nuclear Posture Review and Beyond: Implications for Sino-American Relations." In Perspectives on Sino-American Strategic Nuclear Issues, 93–110. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230613164_7.

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van Hooft, Paul. "The US and Extended Deterrence." In NL ARMS, 87–107. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_6.

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AbstractThe U.S. provides extended nuclear deterrence to allies in Europe, Asia, and elsewhere. The 2018 NPR signals several potentially destabilizing policies, including lowering the threshold for use and adding low-yield capabilities, and it emphasizes the need for nuclear superiority. This chapter argues that the U.S. is changing its nuclear posture to address the growing challenge to U.S. conventional superiority. Extended nuclear deterrence is inherently dubious and the asymmetry between the U.S. on the one hand, and its allies and adversaries on the other, makes it doubly so. In the coming decades, this will continue to generate problems for the U.S. as long as it maintains its alliance commitments.

10

Khan, Feroz Hassan. "Pakistan’s Nuclear Force Posture and the 2001–2002 Military Standoff." In The India-Pakistan Military Standoff, 127–40. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230118768_6.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Nuclear Posture":

1

"Poster awards." In 2009 1st International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/animma.2009.5503729.

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2

Lagos, Leonel E. "The DOE Fellows Program: A Workforce Development Initiative for the US Department of Energy." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96089.

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The US Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management (DOE-EM) oversees one of the largest and most technically challenging cleanup programs in the world. The mission of DOE-EM is to complete the safe cleanup of the environmental legacy from five decades of nuclearweapons development and government-sponsored nuclear energy research. Since 1995, Florida International University’s Applied Research Center (FIU-ARC) has supported the DOE-EM mission and provided unique research capabilities to address some of these highly technical and difficult challenges. This partnership has allowed FIU-ARC to create a unique infrastructure that is critical for the training and mentoring of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students and has exposed many STEM students to “hands-on” DOE-EM applied research, supervised by the scientists and engineers at ARC. As a result of this successful partnership between DOE and FIU, DOE requested FIU-ARC to create the DOE-FIU Science and Technology Workforce Development Initiative in 2007. This innovative program was established to create a “pipeline” of minority STEM students trained and mentored to enter DOE’s environmental cleanup workforce. The program was designed to help address DOE’s future workforce needs by partnering with academic, government and private companies (DOE contractors) to mentor future minority scientists and engineers in the research, development, and deployment of new technologies and processes addressing DOE’s environmental cleanup challenges. Since its inception in 2007, the program has trained and mentored 78 FIU STEM minority students. Although, the program has been in existence for only six years, a total of 75 internships have been conducted at DOE National Laboratories, DOE sites, DOE Headquarters and field offices, and DOE contractors. Over 100 DOE Fellows have participated in the Waste Management (WM) Symposia since 2008 with a total of 84 student posters and 7 oral presentations given at WM. The DOE Fellows participation at WM has resulted in three Best Student Poster Awards (WM09, WM10, and WM11) and one Best Professional Poster Award (WM09). DOE Fellows have also presented their research at ANS DD&R and ANS Robotics Topical meetings and this year two Fellows will present at the International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management (ICEM13) in Brussels, Belgium. Moreover, several of our DOE Fellows have already obtained employment with DOE-EM, other federal agencies, DOE contractors, commercial nuclear power companies, and other STEM industry (GE, Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Johnson & Johnson, Beckman-Coulter, and other top companies). This paper will discuss how DOE Fellows program is training and mentoring FIU STEM students in Department of Energy’s Office of Environmental Management technical challenges and research. This training and mentoring has resulted in the development of well-trained and polished young scientists and engineers that will become the future workforce in charge of carrying on DOE-EM’s environmental cleanup mission. The paper will showcase FIU’s DOE Fellows model and highlight some of the applied research the DOE Fellows have conducted at FIU’s Applied Research Center and across the DOE Complex by participating in summer internship assignments.

3

"Poster Session: The 8th International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions (NuINT12)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS 2014 (ICoMEIA 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4919460.

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4

Maurer, Richard. "Radiation Detection Equipment and Emergency Support [Slides/Posters]." In NA-81 - IAEA International Workshop on Nuclear Security Measures and Emergency Preparedness Arrangements for Ports, Atomic Testing Museum, Las Vegas, NV, November 5 - 9, 2018. US DOE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1751917.

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5

Neri, Gianluca. "Biomedical research on the International Space Station postural and manipulation problems of the human upper limb in weightlessness." In HADRONS AND NUCLEI: First International Symposium. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302475.

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6

Rundell, S. A., J. Isaza, J. S. Day, S. Guillory, W. N. Newberry, and S. M. Kurtz. "The Importance of Posterior Muscle Strength and Facet Contact in Preventing Lumbar Disc Herniation During Forward Bending." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19468.

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During forward bending, a combination of compression, anterior shear, and flexion moment is applied to the lumbar spine due to upper body weight. A combination of posterior muscle and ligament forces must be generated in order to prevent excessive motion and restore upright posture. It is generally believed that forward bending to 90 degrees while maintaining a straight or extended lumbar spine is biomechanically favorable compared to lifting with a rounded back [1]. A simple biomechanical model of the lumbar spine during bending in which the vertical force from upper body weight is balanced with posterior muscle and ligament tension would result in similar levels of compression of the disc regardless of the bending modality. However, this model does not take into consideration the facets. A study involving professional class weightlifters showed that subjects would increase the lordosis in their lumbar spines prior to executing a deadlift maneuver [2]. The authors suggest several possible advantages for why the lifters increased the lordosis including muscle control and geometric advantages, but do not indicate the potential for increased facet engagement. During forward bending the lumbar spine will be exposed to anterior shear forces, which will cause the facets to engage [3]. Posterior muscle activation occurring during facet engagement may generate a fulcrum, which has the potential to reduce the compression experienced by the disc. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to simulate forward bending with a previously validated finite element model of L4-L5 and determine if increasing posterior muscle force results in a reduction in disc pressure. We hypothesized that posterior muscle activation during forward bending would increase facet contact and reduce intradiscal pressure and nucleus extrusion forces thereby minimizing the contribution to progressive disc herniation.

7

Davids Chambre, Rene Carlos. "La transformación del complejo minero Zollverein: un híbrido entre la ciudad difusa y lineal." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2019.9649.

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Resumen: El aumento del desarrollo de las fuentes de energía renovable y las importaciones de bajo costo han eliminado la necesidad de la producción alemana de carbón. En 1986 la minería en el complejo Zollverein de Essen, Alemania que fuera en 1932 uno de los más avanzados del mundo, había cesado de funcionar. Para promover la renovación urbana y ecológica de las antiguas zonas industriales y mineras contaminadas, el gobierno estatal de Renania y Westfalia del Norte- lanzó en 1989 un concurso (Internazional Bauaustellung BA), que desarrolló una política progresista de conservación y restauración y un programa de paisajismo de bajo mantenimiento. Junto a los edificios industriales modernistas los esfuerzos de IBA le aseguraron al complejo Zollverein un lugar en la lista del patrimonio mundial de la humanidad (UNESCO 2001). A pesar de que el trabajo ha sido ampliamente publicado y halagado por los esfuerzos de conservación, las lectura urbanas del conjunto no ha llamado mayormente la atención. Esta ponencia postula que al unir a través un bulevar (que solía ser una línea férrea) trés nucleos urbanos de alta densidad rodeados de paisaje, como una especie de puente uniendo las islas de un archipiélago, el complejo Zollverein actual presenta una propuesta de gran interés urbano;. al proponer núcleos densos en forma discontinua y rodeados por paisaje, el ex-centro minero sugiere un propuesta híbrida entre ciudad lineal tradicional y una entidad difusa y extendida.

8

Davids Chambre, Rene Carlos. "La transformación del complejo minero Zollverein: un híbrido entre la ciudad difusa y lineal." In ISUF-h 2019 - CIUDAD COMPACTA VERSUS CIUDAD DIFUSA. Valencia: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isufh2019.2020.9649.

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Resumen: El aumento del desarrollo de las fuentes de energía renovable y las importaciones de bajo costo han eliminado la necesidad de la producción alemana de carbón. En 1986 la minería en el complejo Zollverein de Essen, Alemania que fuera en 1932 uno de los más avanzados del mundo, había cesado de funcionar. Para promover la renovación urbana y ecológica de las antiguas zonas industriales y mineras contaminadas, el gobierno estatal de Renania y Westfalia del Norte- lanzó en 1989 un concurso (Internazional Bauaustellung BA), que desarrolló una política progresista de conservación y restauración y un programa de paisajismo de bajo mantenimiento. Junto a los edificios industriales modernistas los esfuerzos de IBA le aseguraron al complejo Zollverein un lugar en la lista del patrimonio mundial de la humanidad (UNESCO 2001). A pesar de que el trabajo ha sido ampliamente publicado y halagado por los esfuerzos de conservación, las lectura urbanas del conjunto no ha llamado mayormente la atención. Esta ponencia postula que al unir a través un bulevar (que solía ser una línea férrea) trés nucleos urbanos de alta densidad rodeados de paisaje, como una especie de puente uniendo las islas de un archipiélago, el complejo Zollverein actual presenta una propuesta de gran interés urbano;. al proponer núcleos densos en forma discontinua y rodeados por paisaje, el ex-centro minero sugiere un propuesta híbrida entre ciudad lineal tradicional y una entidad difusa y extendida.

Звіти організацій з теми "Nuclear Posture":

1

Scarlett, Harry Alan. Nuclear Posture Review and Stockpile Stewardship Management Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1634915.

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2

Mishra, Jeetendra. Pokhran II and Beyond (Emerging Indian Nuclear Posture). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420597.

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3

Scarlett, Harry. Nuclear Fundamentals Orientation Module 1: Nuclear Posture Review and Stockpile Stewardship Management Plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1643907.

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4

Steeves, Geoffrey Michael. Ready, Set, Getting to Go: America's Nuclear Test Readiness Posture. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617356.

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Miles, Aaron R. Implementing the Hedge Strategy in the 2018 Nuclear Posture Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1477153.

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Durkalec, Jacek. The 2018 U.S. Nuclear Posture Review, NATO's Brussels Summit and Beyond. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1635759.

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Roberts, B. A Bibliography of Background Materials Relevant to the 2017 Nuclear Posture Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1366944.

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Weston, Scott. Preparing for the 2009 Nuclear Posture Review: Post-Cold War Nuclear Deterrence and the 2001 NPR Debate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519587.

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Peczeli, Anna, Jacek Durkalec, James Blumhoff, Taylor Lamoureaux, Brice Richmond, and Murry Smith. Fit for Purpose? The U.S. Nuclear Posture in 2030 and Beyond (Annotated Bibliography). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1735814.

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Peczeli, Anna, James Blumhoff, Taylor Lamoureaux, Brice Richmond, and Murray Smith. Fit for Purpose? The U.S. Nuclear Posture in 2030 and Beyond (Workshop Summary). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764314.

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