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1
Morvan, Frédéric. Objectif Louvre: Le guide des visites en famille. Arles (Bouches-du-Rhône): Actes Sud junior, 2007.
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2
1968-, Sly Jonathan, ed. Objective Louvre: The guide to family visits. Arles: Actes Sud junior, 2011.
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3
Les trésors du lettré: Objets de la chine impériale. [Paris, France]: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1993.
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4
Han feng: Zhongguo Han dai wen wu zhan. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2014.
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5
Snickare, Mårten. Colonial Objects in Early Modern Sweden and Beyond. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An elaborately crafted and decorated tomahawk from somewhere along the north American east coast: how did it end up in the royal collections in Stockholm in the late seventeenth century? What does it say about the Swedish kingdom’s colonial ambitions and desires? What questions does it raise from its present place in a display cabinet in the Museum of Ethnography in Stockholm? This book is about the tomahawk and other objects like it, acquired in colonial contact zones and displayed by Swedish elites in the seventeenth century. Its first part situates the objects in two distinct but related spaces: the expanding space of the colonial world, and the exclusive space of the Kunstkammer. The second part traces the objects’ physical and epistemological transfer from the Kunstkammer to the modern museum system. In the final part, colonial objects are considered at the centre of a heated debate over the present state of museums, and their possible futures.
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France), Musée Guimet (Paris, ed. 113 ors d'Asie. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana editoriale, 2017.
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7
Museum, J. Paul Getty, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, eds. Paris: Life & luxury in the eighteenth century. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011.
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8
Delroy, Stephen H. Normes relatives aux noms d'objet et aux zones connexes. Ottawa: Réseau canadien d'information sur le patrimoine, 1994.
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10
Caporali, Enrica, and Atanasko Tuneski, eds. Towards a New Curriculum: The DEREC Experience. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-877-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This volume presents the experience of developing a new undergraduate curriculum on "Environmental and Resources Engineering" at the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in FYR Macedonia, in the framework of the TEMPUS CD_JEP_19028_2004 DEREC – Development of Environmental and Resources Engineering Curriculum (2005-2008). This publication describes the methodology, instruments and processes employed in the curriculum development. It is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the European Consortium approach (including papers from all representatives of Consortium Member institutions in the European Union and the external project experts). The second part describes the approach adopted by the various faculty representatives of the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje and the South East European University of Tetovo, in FYR Macedonia. This book is designed to serve as an updated, coherent and concrete set of instruments for the achievement of similar project objectives.
11
Siebert, Martina, Kai Jun Chen, and Dorothy Ko, eds. Making the Palace Machine Work. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720359.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Making the Palace Machine Work: Mobilizing People, Objects, and Nature in the Qing Empire brings the studies of institutions, labour, and material cultures to bear on the history of science and technology by tracing the workings of the Imperial Household Department (Neiwufu) in the Qing court and empire. An enormous apparatus that employed 22,000 men and women at its heyday, the Department operated a "machine" with myriad moving parts. The first part of the book portrays the people who kept it running, from technical experts to menial servants, and scrutinises the paper trails they left behind. Part II uncovers the working principles of the machine by following the production chains of some of its most splendid products: gilded statues, jade, porcelain, and textiles. Part III examines the complex task of managing living organisms and natural environments, including lotus plants grown in imperial ponds in Beijing, fresh medicines sourced from disparate regions, and tribute elephants from Southeast Asia.
12
Delroy, Stephen H. Object name and related standards. Ottawa: Canadian Heritage Information Network, 1994.
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13
Camondo, Musée Nissim de. Musée Nissim de Camondo: Catalogue des collections. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 1998.
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14
Buras, Todd, and Trent Dougherty. Parrying Parity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746973.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One Berkeleyan case for idealism, recently developed by Robert M. Adams, relies on a seeming disparity between our concepts of matter and mind. Thomas Reid’s critique of idealism directly challenges the alleged disparity. After highlighting the role of the disparity thesis in Adams’s updated Berkeleyan argument for idealism, this chapter offers an updated version of Reid’s challenge, and assesses its strength. What emerges from this historico-philosophical investigation is that a contemporary Reidian has much work to do to transpose her objections to Berkeley into good objections to Adams’s argument.
15
James A, Green. Part II The Criteria for the Operation of the Persistent Objector Rule, 3 The Objection Criterion. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The second part of this book turns towards the way in which the persistent objector rule functions and the various criteria for its operation. This chapter begins with an analsys of waht constitutes ‘objection’ for the purpose of the rule. The chapter looks at the meaning of ‘objection’ in relation to the operation of the rule. It begins by noting that only states can be persistent objectors. It looks at what exactly an objector state must be objecting. The chapter then highlights the usual strategy of states in objecting not to the individual applicability of the emerging norm to them but to the very existence of the emerging norm itself. It also examines the need for objection to be communicated and openly expressed. Finally, it assesses the necessary form of objection.
16
Williams, Neil E. Powerful Perdurance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796572.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is commonly held that the right sort of ‘glue’ for uniting the temporal parts of persisting objects should be causal. To date, very little has been said about the nature of this causal glue (except to give it unhelpful names like ‘immanent causation’ or ‘gen-identity’). To my mind, causal powers look well suited to the task: two consecutive object stages are part of the same persisting object just in case the latter is part of the manifestation of an appropriate power of the former. However, before any such project could hope to get off the ground, a number of prima facie objections must be dealt with. For instance: temporal parts look too short-lived to instantiate or exercise powers; the exercise of powers tends to be a mutual affair not suited to the causal line of single objects; and powers are typically thought of as incapable of having themselves as their manifestations. The aim of this paper is to answer these objections, thereby providing a greater understanding of the nature of powers and thus clearing the way for a powers-based account of perdurance.
17
Kellner, Menachem. Maimonides on Holiness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796497.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two views of the nature of holiness are outlined in this chapter. According to one, which we may call ontological or essentialist, holy places, persons, times, and objects are ontologically distinct from (and religiously superior to) profane places, persons, times, and objects. This distinction is part of the universe. On the second view, holy places, persons, times, and objects are in no objective way distinct from profane places, persons, times, and objects; holiness is a status, not a quality of existence. It is a challenge, not a given; normative, not descriptive. It is institutional (in the sense of being part of a system of laws) and hence contingent. This sort of holiness does not reflect objective reality, it helps constitute social reality. On this view, holy places, persons, times, and objects are indubitably holy, and must be treated with all due respect, but they are, in and of themselves, like all other places, persons, times, and objects. What is different about them is the way in which the Torah commands that they be treated. It is argued here that Maimonides adhered to the second, non-essentialist, view of holiness.
18
Cuny, Noëlle, and Xavier Kalck, eds. Modernist Objects. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781949979503.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modernist Objects is a unique mix of cultural studies, literature, and visual arts applied to the discrete materiality of objects. It places objects, how they emerge or withdraw, how they fashion us, and what status they hold, at the heart of what constitutes modernism. Three processes are consistently to be observed in modernist object experiments: objecting to realism, fashioning the human, and performing the ornamental. The cumbersome bourgeois semiotics of material possessions was itself taken on by writers as diverse as Beckett or Djuna Barnes as a material to be chipped away at, given new life or hollowed out. Writers and creators embraced the object in a way that culminated in such intimate extensions of the mind and body as constructivist clothing, literary magazines, musical instruments, and restorative sculptures. The most skin-deep artifice is shown here to have epoch-changing potentialities. Can a lost brooch define the feminine through an aesthetics of absence? Can the ever-accelerating succession of hats on the head of a lonely alien in Paris,or of manufactured appliances on the dress of a German baroness, loosen the maddening grip of consumer society? Can the bourgeoisie be placed in a position to camp gender (Boscagli) through the use of Japanese lacquer on the outer surfaces of a recliner? This book is characterized by attentiveness to works hitherto considered as minor alongside canonical ones, a careful reclaiming of women’s writing and fine art, and a methodological habitof extending transnational probes outside the realm of the English language.
19
Only In Paris: A Guide to Unique Locations, Hidden Corners and Unusual Objects. Urban Explorer, The, 2016.
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20
Haumesser, Matthieu. Virtual Existence of Ideas and Real Existence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815037.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter considers the concept of ‘existence’ as it is variously applied in Locke to the objects of sensation (the ‘real existence’ of things) and to the objects of reflection (the ‘fleeting existence’ of ideas). It shows that Locke, in order to construct his own ontology and typology of simple ideas and modes, is both using and subverting the Cartesian ontology of substance and modes. Ideas, as ‘immediate objects of perception’, exist in the mind, but not substantially. This in turn sheds light on the differences between Locke’s and Descartes’s doctrines of ideas, especially on the question of ‘objective reality’, which played a strategic part in the Third Meditation, as well as in the debate between Arnauld and Malebranche.
21
Fields, Keota. Berkeley’s Semiotic Idealism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755685.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter proposes an interpretation of Berkeley as a semiotic idealist. According to semiotic idealism internal ideas are signs for external divine ideas, and sensible objects are composite entities with external divine ideas as their essential parts and internal ideas of the imagination and (where applicable) sensations as their contingent parts. Signification is the ontological glue that unifies these parts into individuals. Divinely instituted normative linguistic rules govern the use of internal ideas as signs for external divine ideas. This semiotic relation gives objective form and meaning to internal ideas. Furthermore, Berkeley explicitly links this semiotic relation with rewards and sanctions, and claims that such connections allow us to make predictions about advantageous and disadvantageous courses of action. Sensible objects turn out to be values (rather than facts) because they are sources of pleasure and pain, guides to human flourishing, and sources of external meaning for Berkeley.
22
Lacava, Stephanie. Extraordinary Theory of Objects: A Memoir of an Outsider in Paris. HarperCollins Publishers, 2012.
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23
Lacava, Stephanie. Extraordinary Theory of Objects: A Memoir of an Outsider in Paris. HarperCollins Publishers, 2013.
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24
Crompton, Rod, Midesh Sing, Vernon Filter, and Nonhlanhla Msimango. Petrol price regulation in South Africa: Is it meeting its intended objectives? UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/897-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The South African liquid fuels industry is a significant part of the economy. Historically, government policy focused on import substitution industrialization to support industry margins. This approach is called into question by the 2006 shift from net exports to imports and by inflated downstream regulated margins. This study focuses on the regulated petrol price. Import parity pricing regulation has not kept pace with market changes. A policy shift in 1998 towards market-related pricing has not materialized. Instead, regulated margins have increased over the last 20 years in real terms, partly attributable to methodological errors in the regulatory accounting system. The long-term excess of service stations persists despite declining petrol and diesel volumes between 2005 and 2019. Estimates suggest that the petrol price could be lower by 0.70–0.80 rands/litre. Price deregulation is inhibited by political regulation and social policies entangled in regulation.
25
Chalabi, Azadeh. A Cross-Case Analysis of NHRAPs of Fifty-Three Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822844.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Part III, ‘Empirical Perspectives’, contains only one chapter, Chapter 5, which presents the results of a cross-case analysis of national human rights action plans of fifty-three countries. Adopting a purposive sampling technique, these countries are selected on the basis of four main criteria, namely human rights record, geographical diversity, political regimes, and cultural diversity. This comprehensive cross-case study follows two objectives. The first objective of this chapter is to unearth significant problems in the ‘pre-phase’ and the four phases of planning, namely ‘preparatory phase’, ‘development phase’, ‘implementing phase’, and ‘assessment phase’. These problems are significantly detrimental to the effective implementation of human rights and their identification will substantially help generate response strategies. These are best addressed by attempting to mitigate their root causes as opposed to only correcting the immediately obvious symptoms. This brings us to the chapter’s second objective, which is to explore the underlying causes of these problems.
26
Bader, Ralf M. Inner Sense and Time. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724957.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter explains how outer appearances end up in time, despite the fact that time is only the form of inner sense, on the basis that they are objects of representations of which we become aware in a temporal manner by means of an act of reflexive awareness. This temporalising function of inner sense is to be distinguished from the subjective temporal ordering that results from the reappropriation of mental states by means of inner intuition. Both these functions pertain to sensibility and are, in turn, to be distinguished from time determination, which is performed by the understanding. There is thus a three-fold progression: 1. the temporalising of appearances as a result of reflexive awareness (subjective simultaneity), 2. the subjective ordering of representings that occurs as part of the reappropriation of mental states (subjective succession), and 3. the objective ordering identified by means of time determination (objective simultaneity and succession).
27
Marušić, Jennifer Smalligan. Berkeley on the Objects of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198755685.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the first of the Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous, Hylas distinguishes two parts or aspects of every perception, namely a sensation, which is an act of mind, and an object immediately perceived. Hylas concedes that sensations can exist only in a mind, but maintains that the objects immediately perceived have a real existence outside the mind; they are qualities of material objects. This distinction and Philonous’s response to it are the topic of this essay. It considers the implications of this response for understanding Berkeley’s theory of perception and concludes that it supports attributing to Berkeley an object-first theory of perception, according to which it is the special kind of object involved in perception that is philosophically significant.
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James A, Green. Part III The Limitations and Role of the Persistent Objector Rule, 7 Peremptory Norms and Persistent Objection. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704218.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter opens the third part of this book. The text here turns to the limitations and role of the persistent objector rule. This chapter begins by examining the commonly advanced contention that the ‘escape hatch’ provided by the persistent objector rule cannot be ‘opened’ in relation to jus cogens norms. A significant majority of scholars have expressed the view that a state cannot exempt itself from a peremptory norm through persistent objection, even when the usual criteria for the rule's operation. The chapter assesses the majority view. Section I sets out what peremptory norms are how they come into being. The chapter then briefly clarifies that the question is not whether a state can gain exemption to a jus cogens norm but whether its pre-existing exempt status ‘decays’, or is superseded by the norm to which it had been a persistent objector becoming peremptory. The chapter then turns to the rationale underpinning the majority claim. It considers the two regularly referenced examples from state practice relating to persistent objection and jus cogens norms: the policy of apartheid in South Africa and Rhodesia and the objections of the United States to the juvenile death penalty. Towards the end, the chapter considers the possibility of persistent objection to the very concept of peremptory norms.
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Olson, Kristi A. The Solidarity Solution. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907457.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What is a fair income distribution? The empirical literature seems to assume that equal income would be fair, but the equal income answer faces two objections. First, equal income is likely to be inefficient. This book sets aside efficiency concerns as a downstream consideration; it seeks to identify a fair distribution. The second objection—pointed out by both leftist political philosopher G. A. Cohen and conservative economist Milton Friedman—is that equal income is unfair to the hardworking. Measuring labor burdens in order to adjust income shares, however, is no easy task. Some philosophers and economists attempt to sidestep the measurement problem by invoking the envy test. Yet a distribution in which no one prefers someone else’s circumstances to her own, as the envy test requires, is unlikely to exist—and, even if it does exist, the normative connection between the envy test and fairness has not been established. The Solidarity Solution provides a novel answer: when someone claims that her situation should be improved at someone else’s expense, she must be able to give a reason that cannot be rejected by a free and equal individual who regards everyone else as the same. Part I develops the solidarity solution and shows that rigorous distributive implications can be derived from a relational ideal. Part II uses the solidarity solution to critique the competing theories of Ronald Dworkin, Philippe Van Parijs, and Marc Fleurbaey. Finally, part III identifies insights for the gender wage gap and taxation.
30
Hicks, Dan, and Mary C. Beaudry. Introduction. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Divided into four parts, the field of material cultural studies focus on cultural studies with special reference to history, archaeology, and anthropology. This book celebrates a diversity of approaches to ‘material culture studies’ in anthropology, archaeology, and the related fields of cultural geography and science and technology studies. This article explores the key arguments put forward in the five sections of the book, disciplinary perspectives; material practices; objects and humans; landscapes and the built environment; and studying particular things. Part I explores a number of different disciplinary perspectives upon the idea of material culture studies. Part II reviews six kinds of ‘material practice’. Part III explores distinctions between material objects and human subjects in a variety of different ways. Part IV of the volume explores how the idea of material culture studies can be used to examine large entities, rather than discrete or portable objects. This article draws together geographical approaches to ‘cultural landscapes’ and ‘ecological landscapes’.
31
Levine, Joseph. Color and Color Experience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper I investigate the problems for “locating” color in the world, surveying the various subjectivist and objectivist positions and finding them wanting. I then argue that the problem is that colors are “ways of appearing,” an odd kind of property that essentially implicates the mind and turns the problem of locating color into part of the mind–body problem. Rather than identify colors with objective surface features, such as surface spectral reflectance, or with dispositions to cause certain internal mental states, I treat them as relations holding between the subject and the objects of perception. This is seen to explain why colors are so hard to locate, and also accounts for several other features of color experience.
32
Schroeder, Timothy. Empirical Evidence against a Cognitivist Theory of Desire and Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199370962.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter considers T. M. Scanlon’s (1998) theory of action as a specific instance of cognitivist theories of action. It raises an unusual sort of objection to Scanlon’s cognitivism and its nearest philosophical neighbors: given what is known about the low-level neuroscience of action, there is no reasonable way to interpret the brain’s action-producing neural pathways consistent with this sort of theory. Interpreting the action-producing neural pathways as requiring a cognitive representation of reasons to be involved in action production meets a variety of objections, depending on just which parts of the action-producing neural pathways one interprets as these cognitions about reasons. The chapter proposes that a desire-based interpretation of the neural pathways addresses the obstacles raised to Scanlonian and related cognitivisms and suggests that a desire-based theory of action is thus preferable.
33
Rostovtseva, Juliana, ed. Exolith – 2021. Actual problems of lithology: objectives and approaches. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2017.exolith-2021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The collection contains materials of the reports of the scientific readings «Exolith – 2021», held on the subject «Actual problems of lithology: objectives and approaches» and dedicated to the 2021 year, declared in Russia «Year of Science and Technology» and being the 60-th anniversary of the first manned flight into space. There are a wide range of issues related to the research of sedimentary successions. The collection of the materials is of interest to geologists of various specialties who are engaged in the complex studies of the upper part of the lithosphere, as well as in the detailed lithological studies.
34
Raleigh, Thomas. On Silhouettes, Surfaces, and Sorensen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722304.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sorensen (2008) argued that when we see a silhouetted object, the part of the object that we see is its back surface. I argue against this claim and in favour of the thesis that the part of a silhouetted object that we see is its edge/edges. I provide a general ‘Parts Perception Principle’ (PPP) for determining which part/parts of a seen object are seen and show that it both provides the intuitively correct answers in cases of normal seeing and also that it favours the edge theory over the back-side-theory in cases of seeing silhouetted objects. I also briefly compare and contrast cases in which a subject can see part of a camouflaged object.
35
Donnelly, Maureen. Three-Dimensionalism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.013.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Three-Dimensionalism is a position on how objects persist over time. Three-Dimensionalism is standardly construed as the claim that objects persist by being “wholly present” at each moment of their careers and is typically endorsed in opposition to the standard four-dimensionalist claim that objects extend through time by having temporal parts at each moment of their careers. This article reviews and highlights serious shortcomings of various proposals for filling out the three-dimensionalist account of persistence through claims about persisting objects’ parts or locations. This article suggests that Three-Dimensionalism is best understood as a position on the grounds for facts about objects’ presence over time.
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Department of Defense. Air Parity: Re-Discovering Contested Air Operations - Studies of World War II Battle of Britain, Siege of Malta, and Falklands War, Objectives at Outbreak of China Conflict in East or South China Seas. Independently Published, 2019.
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37
van Schaaik, Gerjan. The Oxford Turkish Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851509.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The point of departure of this book is the fundamental observation that actual conversations tend to consist of loosely connected, compact, and meaningful chunks built on a noun phrase, rather than fully fledged sentences. Therefore, after the treatment of elementary matters such as the Turkish alphabet and pronunciation in part I, the main points of part II are the structure of noun phrases and their function in nominal, existential, and verbal sentences, while part III presents their adjuncts and modifiers. The verbal system is extensively discussed in part IV, and in part V on sentence structure the grammatical phenomena presented so far are wrapped up. The first five parts of the book, taken together, provide for all-round operational knowledge of Turkish on a basic level. Part VI deals with the ways in which complex words are constructed, and constitutes a bridge to the advanced matter treated in parts VII and VIII. These latter parts deal with advanced topics such as relative clauses, subordination, embedded clauses, clausal complements, and the finer points of the verbal system. An important advantage of this book is its revealing new content: the section on syllable structure explains how loanwords adapt to Turkish; other topics include: the use of pronouns in invectives; verbal objects classified in terms of case marking; extensive treatment of the optative (highly relevant in day-to-day conversation); recursion and lexicalization in compounds; stacking of passives; the Başı-Bozuk and Focus-Locus constructions; relativization on possessive, dative, locative, and ablative objects, instrumentals and adverbial adjuncts; pseudo-relative clauses; typology of clausal complements; periphrastic constructions and double negation.
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Papathomas, Thomas V. Reverse-Perspective Art and Objects—Illusions in Depth and Motion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main goal of this chapter is to present the relatively new art form of reverspectives, invented and refined by Patrick Hughes. Reverspectives are painted on nonplanar surfaces that jut out of the wall, yet the painted scenery contains strong reverse-perspective cues that cause depth reversal: convex and concave parts are perceived as concave and convex, respectively. Reverspectives also appear to move vividly as viewers move past them. The chapter presents a wide variety of reverspectives, as well as a related class of illusions that are painted on large spheres, producing depth inversion and illusory motion. The chapter provides a plausible explanation for the percepts obtained with these types of stimuli.
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Eisenberg, Melvin A. Third-Party Beneficiaries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.003.0055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 55 concerns third-party beneficiaries. A third-party beneficiary is a person who is not a party to a contract but would benefit by its performance. The principle that should determine whether any given third-party beneficiary should have power to enforce a contract as follows: A third-party beneficiary should have the right to enforce a contract if but only if: (I) allowing the beneficiary to enforce the contract is a necessary or important means of effectuating the contracting parties’ objectives as manifested in the contract read in the light of surrounding circumstances; or (II) allowing the beneficiary to enforce the contract is supported by reasons of policy or morality independent of contract law and would not conflict with the contracting parties’ performance objectives.
40
Reconnaître les controverses de l'hésitation vaccinale. EDP Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2766-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce livret a pour objectif de présenter les controverses et les débats à l'œuvre dans l'hésitation vaccinale pour favoriser la construction d'une opinion raisonnée critique, nuancée et argumentée sur cette question socialement vive. Pour l'essentiel, il reprend l'un des premiers enseignements numériques mis à grande échelle en 2020 sur les « Enjeux de la transition écologique » auprès de plusieurs milliers d'étudiants de licence de toutes disciplines de l'Université Paris-Saclay. La première partie traite d'aspects généraux relatifs aux vaccins : en quoi ils sont cohérents, ce qu'ils contiennent, comment ils sont conçus et choisis. La deuxième partie porte sur le contexte français de trois maladies évitables par la vaccination : la rougeole, l'hépatite B et les cancers dus aux papillomavirus humains, dont les vaccins (l'un recommandé, les deux autres obligatoires) sont controversés. La troisième partie est favorisée sur le nouveau concept d'hésitation vaccinale, avec ses causes, ses conséquences et ses arguments. Bien sûr, de nombreux autres vaccins suscitant une hésitation sont retenus comme celui de la grippe de 2009 et l'actualité à propos de la pandémie de la COVID-19 n'a pas été ignorée.
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Andrén, Mats. Children’s Expressive Handling of Objects in a Shared World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Theories of embodied interaction and environmental coupling are now successfully struggling with the slippery notions of mind, matter, and sociality, but more empirical work is required, especially in relation to children. At the heart of the development of sociality is how the handling of objects in parent-child interaction may stand out as having expressive (gestural) qualities over and above their instrumental aspects. What sort of expressive qualities may be found in such actions, and what provides for them? In short, how do they come to mean? Using longitudinal recordings of five Swedish children between 18 and 30 months, the empirical part of this paper identifies microecologies of expression that have their basis in how human bodies handle objects. This accompanies an approach to intersubjectivity—building on the work of Schutz, Mead and Merlau-Ponty—that views it as emergent from embodied interaction.
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Roelofs, Luke. Combining Minds. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190859053.001.0001.
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This book explores a neglected philosophical question: How do groups of interacting minds relate to singular minds? Could several of us, by organizing ourselves the right way, constitute a single conscious mind that contains our minds as parts? And could each of us have been, all along, a group of mental parts in close cooperation? Scientific progress seems to be slowly revealing that all the different physical objects around us are, at root, just a matter of the right parts put together in the right ways: How far could the same be true of minds? This book argues that we are too used to seeing the mind as an indivisible unity and that understanding our place in nature requires being willing to see minds as composite systems, simultaneously one conscious whole and many conscious parts. In thinking through the implications of such a shift of perspective, the book relates the question of mental combination to a range of different theories of the mind (in particular panpsychism, functionalism, and Neo-Lockeanism about personal identity) and identifies, clarifies, and addresses a wide array of philosophical objections (concerning personal identity, the unity of consciousness, the privacy of experience, and other issues) that have been raised against the idea of composite minds. The result is an account of the metaphysics of composition and consciousness that can illuminate many different debates in philosophy of mind, concerning split brains, collective intentionality, and the combination problem, among others.
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Leong, Daphne. Performing Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653545.001.0001.
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This book brings a theorist and performers together to examine the interface of analysis and performance in music of the twentieth century. Nine case studies, of music by Ravel, Schoenberg, Bartók, Schnittke, Milhaud, Messiaen, Babbitt, Carter, and Morris, are co-authored with performers (or composers) of those works. The case studies revolve around musical structure, broadly defined to comprise relations among parts and whole created in the process of making music, whether by composers, performers, listeners, or analysts. Knowledge that is produced in the course of relating analysis and performance is conceived in three dimensions: wissen, können, and kennen. The collaborative process itself is viewed through three constructs that facilitate cross-disciplinary collaboration: shared items, shared objectives (activity objects and epistemic objects), and shared agents. The book’s collaborations “thicken” the description of analysis and performance by illuminating key issues around (a) the implicit identity of a work: the role of embodiment, the affordances of a score, the cultural understanding of notation; (b) the use of metaphor in interpretation: here metaphors of memory, of poetry, and of ritual and drama; and (c) the relation of analysis and performance itself: its antagonisms, its fusion, and—rounding out the perspectives of theorist and performer with those of composer and listener—the role of structure in audience response. Along with these broader insights, each collaboration exemplifies processes of analysis and of performance, in grappling with and interpreting particular pieces. Video performances, demonstrations, and interviews; audio recordings; and photographs partner with the book’s written text.
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Waxman, Wayne. Hume’s Theory of Ideas. Edited by Paul Russell. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199742844.013.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Commentators divide on whether the basic elements of Hume’s philosophy—perceptions, their division into impressions and ideas, and their associative relation—should be construed as objects and relations between objects or as representations of objects and their relations. Although the latter reading is generally favored, in this chapter the author argues that the textual evidence favors the former and that Hume’s philosophy should be interpreted accordingly. The focus is on Part 1 of the first book of the Treatise (T 1.1) but subsequent texts are considered as well, particularly passages in Part 4, Sections 2 and 6 (T 1.4.2 and 6).
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Scanlon, T. M. Equal Concern. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812692.003.0002.
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Inequality can be objectionable because it results from an agent providing a higher level of a benefit to some people than to others to whom it owes the same obligation to provide this benefit. Although this objection to inequality presupposes an obligation on the part of an agent to provide a benefit to members of a group, it remains an essentially comparative objection, an objection to unequal responsiveness to the obligation rather than simply to a failure to fulfill this obligation. This requirement of equal concern is neither empty nor irrational, as some critics have charged.
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Vente publique aux encheres: Gustave Eiffel, La Tour Eiffel, les expositions universelles, livres, photos, affiches, objets, Lundi 26 Juin 2006, Tour Eiffel. Paris: La Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, 2006.
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Grivno, Max. 3. “There Are Objections to Black and White, but One Must Be Chosen”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036521.003.0004.
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This chapter explores farmers' strategies for recruiting and disciplining a diverse workforce of slaves, free blacks, and hired whites. Regardless of the composition of their workforces, landowners labored under certain imperatives: they needed to eliminate or at least trim the cost of supporting their workers' dependent kin and to rid themselves of surplus hands during slower seasons while guaranteeing a workforce adequate for harvesting wheat. To balance these competing imperatives, employers of free labor winnowed workers they perceived as unproductive from their rolls and crafted economic and legal stratagems to bring hired farmhands to heel. For their part, slave owners grafted the most attractive elements of free labor onto the peculiar institution, such as cash payments and promises of freedom. Thus, when viewed from the perspective of northern Maryland's farmers and planters, the distinction between slavery and free labor appears murky: the seasonal rhythms of wheat production shaped both.
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Mee, Sarah, and Zoe Clift. Assessment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0001.
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Meticulous assessment—both subjective and objective—is an essential part of managing hand conditions. Objective measures include range of motion, power grip, pinch grip, oedema, and dexterity testing. Subjective measures include a clinical history, sensibility, and sensation testing, pain scales, and Patient Related Outcome Measures (PROMS), global (e.g. EQ5D, VAS pain), region specific (e.g. Michigan Hand Questionnaire, Disabilities of the Hand, Arm, Shoulder, QuickDASH, Patient Related Wrist and Hand Evaluation), and condition specific (e.g. Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire).
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Duncan, Alastair. The Paris Salons 1895-1914: Objects D'Art & Metalware (Art Nouveau Designers at the Paris Salons). Antique Collectors' Club, 2000.
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Dorsch, Fabian, and Fiona Macpherson, eds. Phenomenal Presence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199666416.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many different features figure consciously in our perceptual experiences, in the sense that they make a subjective difference to those experiences. These features range from colours and shapes to volumes and backsides, from natural or artefactual kinds to reasons for perceptual belief, and from the existence and externality of objects to the relationality and wakefulness of our perceptual awareness of them. The topic of this collection of essays is the different ways in which features like these can be phenomenally present in perceptual experience. In particular, the focus is on features that are less often discussed, and the perceptual presence of which is less obvious because they are out of view or otherwise easily overlooked, features given in a non-sensory manner, and features that are categorical in the sense that they pertain to all perceptual experiences alike (such as their justificatory power, their wakefulness, or the externality of their objects). The book is divided into four parts, each dealing with a different kind of phenomenal presence. The first addresses the nature of the presence of perceptual constancies and variations, while the second investigates the determinacy and ubiquity of the presence of spatial properties in perception. The third part deals with the presence of hidden or occluded aspects of objects, while the last part of the volume discusses the presence of categorical aspects of perceptual experience. Together, the contributions provide a thorough examination of which features are phenomenally present in perception, and what it is for them to figure in experience in this way.