Готові списки джерел за темами / Olfactory drive

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Olfactory drive"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 квітня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Olfactory drive":

Shao, Z., A. C. Puche, E. Kiyokage, G. Szabo, and M. T. Shipley. "Two GABAergic Intraglomerular Circuits Differentially Regulate Tonic and Phasic Presynaptic Inhibition of Olfactory Nerve Terminals." Journal of Neurophysiology 101, no. 4 (April 2009): 1988–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.91116.2008.

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Olfactory nerve axons terminate in olfactory bulb glomeruli forming excitatory synapses onto the dendrites of mitral/tufted (M/T) and juxtaglomerular cells, including external tufted (ET) and periglomerular (PG) cells. PG cells are heterogeneous in neurochemical expression and synaptic organization. We used a line of mice expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 65-kDa gene (GAD65+) promoter to characterize a neurochemically identified subpopulation of PG cells by whole cell recording and subsequent morphological reconstruction. GAD65+ GABAergic PG cells form two functionally distinct populations: 33% are driven by monosynaptic olfactory nerve (ON) input (ON-driven PG cells), the remaining 67% receive their strongest drive from an ON→ET→PG circuit with no or weak monosynaptic ON input (ET-driven PG cells). In response to ON stimulation, ON-driven PG cells exhibit paired-pulse depression (PPD), which is partially reversed by GABAB receptor antagonists. The ON→ET→PG circuit exhibits phasic GABAB-R-independent PPD. ON input to both circuits is under tonic GABAB-R-dependent inhibition. We hypothesize that this tonic GABABR-dependent presynaptic inhibition of olfactory nerve terminals is due to autonomous bursting of ET cells in the ON→ET→PG circuit, which drives tonic spontaneous GABA release from ET-driven PG cells. Both circuits likely produce tonic and phasic postsynaptic inhibition of other intraglomerular targets. Thus olfactory bulb glomeruli contain at least two functionally distinct GABAergic circuits that may play different roles in olfactory coding.

Poivet, Erwan, Aurore Gallot, Nicolas Montagné, Pavel Senin, Christelle Monsempès, Fabrice Legeai, and Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly. "Transcriptome Profiling of Starvation in the Peripheral Chemosensory Organs of the Crop Pest Spodoptera littoralis Caterpillars." Insects 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070573.

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Starvation is frequently encountered by animals under fluctuating food conditions in nature, and response to it is vital for life span. Many studies have investigated the behavioral and physiological responses to starvation. In particular, starvation is known to induce changes in olfactory behaviors and olfactory sensitivity to food odorants, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we investigated the transcriptional changes induced by starvation in the chemosensory tissues of the caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis, using Illumina RNA sequencing. Gene expression profiling revealed 81 regulated transcripts associated with several biological processes, such as glucose metabolism, immune defense, response to stress, foraging activity, and olfaction. Focusing on the olfactory process, we observed changes in transcripts encoding proteins putatively involved in the peri-receptor events, namely, chemosensory proteins and odorant-degrading enzymes. Such modulation of their expression may drive fluctuations in the dynamics and the sensitivity of the olfactory receptor neuron response. In combination with the enhanced presynaptic activity mediated via the short neuropeptide F expressed during fasting periods, this could explain an enhanced olfactory detection process. Our observations suggest that a coordinated transcriptional response of peripheral chemosensory organs participates in the regulation of olfactory signal reception and olfactory-driven behaviors upon starvation.

Lindeman, Sander, Xiaochen Fu, Janine Kristin Reinert, and Izumi Fukunaga. "Value-related learning in the olfactory bulb occurs through pathway-dependent perisomatic inhibition of mitral cells." PLOS Biology 22, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): e3002536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002536.

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Associating values to environmental cues is a critical aspect of learning from experiences, allowing animals to predict and maximise future rewards. Value-related signals in the brain were once considered a property of higher sensory regions, but their wide distribution across many brain regions is increasingly recognised. Here, we investigate how reward-related signals begin to be incorporated, mechanistically, at the earliest stage of olfactory processing, namely, in the olfactory bulb. In head-fixed mice performing Go/No-Go discrimination of closely related olfactory mixtures, rewarded odours evoke widespread inhibition in one class of output neurons, that is, in mitral cells but not tufted cells. The temporal characteristics of this reward-related inhibition suggest it is odour-driven, but it is also context-dependent since it is absent during pseudo-conditioning and pharmacological silencing of the piriform cortex. Further, the reward-related modulation is present in the somata but not in the apical dendritic tuft of mitral cells, suggesting an involvement of circuit components located deep in the olfactory bulb. Depth-resolved imaging from granule cell dendritic gemmules suggests that granule cells that target mitral cells receive a reward-related extrinsic drive. Thus, our study supports the notion that value-related modulation of olfactory signals is a characteristic of olfactory processing in the primary olfactory area and narrows down the possible underlying mechanisms to deeper circuit components that contact mitral cells perisomatically.

Schoppa, Nathan E., and Gary L. Westbrook. "AMPA autoreceptors drive correlated spiking in olfactory bulb glomeruli." Nature Neuroscience 5, no. 11 (October 15, 2002): 1194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn953.

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Duan, Duo, Hu Zhang, Xiaomin Yue, Yuedan Fan, Yadan Xue, Jiajie Shao, Gang Ding, et al. "Sensory Glia Detect Repulsive Odorants and Drive Olfactory Adaptation." Neuron 108, no. 4 (November 2020): 707–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2020.08.026.

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Avnat, Eden, Guy Shapira, David Gurwitz, and Noam Shomron. "Elevated Expression of RGS2 May Underlie Reduced Olfaction in COVID-19 Patients." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091396.

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Anosmia is common in COVID-19 patients, lasting for weeks or months following recovery. The biological mechanism underlying olfactory deficiency in COVID-19 does not involve direct damage to nasal olfactory neurons, which do not express the proteins required for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A recent study suggested that anosmia results from downregulation of olfactory receptors. We hypothesized that anosmia in COVID-19 may also reflect SARS-CoV-2 infection-driven elevated expression of regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2), a key regulator of odorant receptors, thereby silencing their signaling. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed gene expression of nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and non-infected controls (two published RNA-sequencing datasets, 580 individuals). Our analysis found upregulated RGS2 expression in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (FC = 14.5, Padj = 1.69 × 10−5 and FC = 2.4; Padj = 0.001, per dataset). Additionally, RGS2 expression was strongly correlated with PTGS2, IL1B, CXCL8, NAMPT and other inflammation markers with substantial upregulation in early infection. These observations suggest that upregulated expression of RGS2 may underlie anosmia in COVID-19 patients. As a regulator of numerous G-protein coupled receptors, RGS2 may drive further neurological symptoms of COVID-19. Studies are required for clarifying the cellular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection drives the upregulation of RGS2 and other genes implicated in inflammation. Insights on these pathway(s) may assist in understanding anosmia and additional neurological symptoms reported in COVID-19 patients.

Narikiyo, Kimiya, Hiroyuki Manabe, and Kensaku Mori. "Sharp wave-associated synchronized inputs from the piriform cortex activate olfactory tubercle neurons during slow-wave sleep." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00535.2013.

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During slow-wave sleep, anterior piriform cortex neurons show highly synchronized discharges that accompany olfactory cortex sharp waves (OC-SPWs). The OC-SPW-related synchronized activity of anterior piriform cortex neurons travel down to the olfactory bulb and is thought to be involved in the reorganization of bulbar neuronal circuitry. However, influences of the OC-SPW-related activity on other regions of the central olfactory system are still unknown. Olfactory tubercle is an area of OC and part of ventral striatum that plays a key role in reward-directed motivational behaviors. In this study, we show that in freely behaving rats, olfactory tubercle receives OC-SPW-associated synchronized inputs during slow-wave sleep. Local field potentials in the olfactory tubercle showed SPW-like activities that were in synchrony with OC-SPWs. Single-unit recordings showed that a subpopulation of olfactory tubercle neurons discharged in synchrony with OC-SPWs. Furthermore, correlation analysis of spike activity of anterior piriform cortex and olfactory tubercle neurons revealed that the discharges of anterior piriform cortex neurons tended to precede those of olfactory tubercle neurons. Current source density analysis in urethane-anesthetized rats indicated that the current sink of the OC-SPW-associated input was located in layer III of the olfactory tubercle. These results indicate that OC-SPW-associated synchronized discharges of piriform cortex neurons travel to the deep layer of the olfactory tubercle and drive discharges of olfactory tubercle neurons. The entrainment of olfactory tubercle neurons in the OC-SPWs suggests that OC-SPWs coordinate reorganization of neuronal circuitry across wide areas of the central olfactory system including olfactory tubercle during slow-wave sleep.

Inoue, Tsuyoshi, and Ben W. Strowbridge. "Transient Activity Induces a Long-Lasting Increase in the Excitability of Olfactory Bulb Interneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 1 (January 2008): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00526.2007.

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Little is known about the cellular mechanisms that underlie the processing and storage of sensory in the mammalian olfactory system. Here we show that persistent spiking, an activity pattern associated with working memory in other brain regions, can be evoked in the olfactory bulb by stimuli that mimic physiological patterns of synaptic input. We find that brief discharges trigger persistent activity in individual interneurons that receive slow, subthreshold oscillatory input in acute rat olfactory bulb slices. A 2- to 5-Hz oscillatory input, which resembles the synaptic drive that the olfactory bulb receives during sniffing, is required to maintain persistent firing. Persistent activity depends on muscarinic receptor activation and results from interactions between calcium-dependent afterdepolarizations and low-threshold Ca spikes in granule cells. Computer simulations suggest that intrinsically generated persistent activity in granule cells can evoke correlated spiking in reciprocally connected mitral cells. The interaction between the intrinsic currents present in reciprocally connected olfactory bulb neurons constitutes a novel mechanism for synchronized firing in subpopulations of neurons during olfactory processing.

Raza, Muhammad Fahad, Muhammad Ajmal Ali, Ahmed Rady, Zhiguo Li, Hongyi Nie, and Songkun Su. "Neurotransmitters receptors gene drive the olfactory learning behavior of honeybee." Learning and Motivation 79 (August 2022): 101818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2022.101818.

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Sabandal, John Martin, Paul Rafael Sabandal, Young-Cho Kim, and Kyung-An Han. "Concerted Actions of Octopamine and Dopamine Receptors Drive Olfactory Learning." Journal of Neuroscience 40, no. 21 (April 10, 2020): 4240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1756-19.2020.

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Дисертації з теми "Olfactory drive":

Faure, Nathalie. "La pulsion olfactive - intérêts et perspectives : Pour une prise en compte de l'odeur dans la métapsychologie analytique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ2019.

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Bien que l'odorat soit étudié dans les disciplines relevant des sciences humaines, il semblerait qu'en psychologie clinique d'orientation analytique nous soyons confrontés au peu de recherches effectuées sur cette thématique. Il existe quelques références dans le Moi-peau (Anzieu, 1995), ou dans le travail de Tristani (1978) qui propose de concevoir un stade de la construction psychique fondé sur l'action de respirer, mais il ne fait que survoler l'importance de l'odeur dans ce stade. Nous nous sommes donc demandés si l'odeur a une place dans notre construction psychique, avec l'hypothèse qu'il existe une pulsion olfactive qui participe à l'organisation du sujet. Pour répondre à la problématique introductive, notre première partie présentera une revue de littérature spécifique, axée sur la littérature analytique. Nous commencerons par évoquer les recherches de Freud et Fliess sur le lien entre odorat et hystérie. Nous poursuivrons avec le travail de Lacan concernant notre sujet. Cette partie se poursuivra par une réflexion sur l'apport de la psychologie du développement. Il s'agira ici de confronter nos idées aux expériences et de discuter d'un possible trajet pulsionnel. La deuxième partie de cette thèse se penchera sur les critères de la pulsion chez Freud, Irme Hermann et Jacques Lacan. La troisième partie, sera consacrée à un modèle théorique de la pulsion olfactive
Although the sense of smell is studied in the disciplines of the human sciences, it would seem that in psychology of analytical orientation, we are confronted with the little research carried out on this topic. There are a few references in the Skin-ego (Anzieu, 1995), or in the work of Tristani (1978) who proposes to conceive a stage of psychic construction based on the action of breathing, but he only hovers over the importance of odor in this stage. We therefore asked ourselves whether the smell has a place in our psychic construction, with the main hypothesis that there is an olfactory drive that participates in the organization of the subject. To answer the introductory problem, our first part will present a specific analytic literature review. We will begin by evoking the research of Freud and Fliess on the link between smell and hysteria. We will continue with the work of Lacan concerning our subject and a reflection on the contribution of developmental psychology. It will be discussing a possible drive circuit. The second part of this thesis will look at the criteria of the drive in Freud, Hermann and Lacan drive theory. The third part are a theoretical model of the olfactory drive

Gill, Daljeet Singh. "Olfactory development models driven by population coded chemosensor input." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30216.

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The early olfactory pathway has recently emerged as an important region in the central nervous system (CNS) in the study of neuronal development. It presents a remarkable wiring problem where millions of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) converge onto a few thousand points of integration in the olfactory bulb (OB). In addition, the continual turnover of ORNs allows development to be studied in adult organisms. In this thesis, the generation of a topographic map in the OB is investigated through models driven by high-density optical chemosensor arrays possessing similar properties to ORNs. The classical models of Von der Malsburg and Willshaw based on activity-dependent competition in the visual system are adapted to examine axonal targeting in the developing OB as uncovered by the above-mentioned experimental studies. The models, after exposure to relevant chemical stimuli, establish an appropriate connection scheme, and simultaneously identify the sensor types within arrays containing randomly dispersed microbeads - hence solving the so-called sensor decoding problem. Moreover, the final model also predicts a potential role for periglomerular cells in the formation of the olfactory topographic map. The data generated from the sensor arrays whilst exposed to various odours, are analysed statistically beforehand to ensure they form a suitable input to the models. In the process, both odour and sensor type discrimination analyses are demonstrated achieving high classification rates. This marks the first attempt to model the activity-dependent development of the early olfactory pathway. Furthermore, all models are driven by realistic input data to demonstrate robust performance.

Root, Cory Matthew. "Propagation and modulation of activity in early olfactory processing and its relevance to odor-driven behavior." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3403402.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 1, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Widmark, Jörgen. "Social Agent: Facial Expression Driver for an e-Nose." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1863.

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This thesis describes that it is possible to drive synthetic emotions of an interface agent with an electronic nose system developed at AASS. The e-Nose can be used for quality control, and the detected distortion from a known smell sensation prototype is interpreted to a 3D-representation of emotional states, which in turn points to a set of pre-defined muscle contractions. This extension of a rule based motivation system, which we call Facial Expression Driver, is incorporated to a model for sensor fusion with active perception, to provide a general design for a more complex system with additional senses. To be consistent with the biologically inspired sensor fusion model a muscle based animated facial model was chosen as a test bed for the expression of current emotion. The social agent’s facial expressions demonstrate its tolerance to the detected distortion in order to manipulate the user to restore the system to functional balance. Only a few of the known projects use chemically based sensing to drive a face in real-time, whether they are virtual characters or animatronics. This work may inspire a future android implementation of a head with electro active polymers as synthetic facial muscles.

Vaz, Daniela Cruz. "O impacto do marketing sensorial na experiência de "test drive"." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/16330.

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O presente estudo aborda o tema de marketing sensorial e visa conhecer o impacto do estímulo olfactivo - de cheiro a carro novo - no curso de uma experiência de test drive de um Fiat 500S. Os principais objectivos são a) identificar as percepções sobre a marca Fiat e, mais concretamente, do modelo 500, b) perceber as motivações subjacentes à compra de um carro novo e de um Fiat 500, c) perceber o efeito do estímulo olfactivo na avaliação do carro e na propensão para a compra do mesmo, e d) identificar o impacto do estímulo sensorial no comportamento de condução, em termos de velocidade máxima atingida e consumos de combustível da viatura. Para atingir os objectivos propostos, realizou-se um estudo exploratório com recurso a entrevistas semi-estruturadas a dezasseis potenciais compradores do modelo Fiat 500, com o objectivo de conhecer as suas motivações de compra e perceções do produto. Igualmente, os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos - grupo de controlo (sem estímulo olfactivo) e grupo experimental (com o característico cheiro a carro novo, no interior da viatura) - de forma a perceber o impacto deste estímulo na avaliação do produto e comportamento durante a condução. O estudo realizado sugere que o estímulo olfactivo, de cheiro a carro novo, tem impacto sobre o comportamento do potencial comprador e na intenção de compra da viatura.
The present study addresses the topic of sensory marketing, and aims to learn about the impact of an olfactory stimulus - the typical scent of a brand new car - within the course of a test drive experience of a Fiat 500S. The main objectives are to a) identify the perceptions of the brand Fiat, and more concretely, of the model 500, b) learn about the motivations to buying a new car and a Fiat 500, c) study the effect of an olfactory stimulus on the car's evaluation and on the propensity to purchase it, and d) to identify the impact of a sensorial stimulus on the driving behavior, in terms of maximum speed reached and fuel consumption.To achieve the proposed goals, it was carried out an exploratory study using semi-structured interviews done to sixteen potential buyers of the Fiat 500, in order to learn about their motivations of purchase and perceptions of the product. Likewise, the participants were divided into two groups - the control group (without the olfactory stimulus) and the experimental group (with the characteristic scent of a brand new car, inside the vehicle) - in order to acknowledge the impact that this stimulus has on the evaluation of the product and driving behavior. The present study suggests that the olfactory stimulus, in this case the scent of a new car, has impact on the behavior of potential buyers, as well as on the purchase intention of the car.

Частини книг з теми "Olfactory drive":

Lorenzo, M. G. "Chapter 10: Olfactory-driven behaviours in kissing bugs." In Sensory ecology of disease vectors, 277–96. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-932-9_10.

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Bennett, Peggy D. "Sensory thresholds." In Teaching with Vitality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673987.003.0061.

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Pet peeves about others’ behaviors are normal. When a particular behavior occurs daily in a classroom, however, it can drive a teacher (and students) to severe annoyance. The key to minimizing issues is remembering that our frenzy over someone’s quirky behavior is more often our problem than theirs. Our five senses function to orient us in the world, to give us information about what is happening outside our skin. Visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory, and gustatory senses work constantly to feed us information. When we have a “sensory sensitivity,” we can become anxious and intolerant, often reaching our threshold quite quickly. Kinesthetic: leg jiggling, close proximity, itchy fabrics, touching and hugging, close talking, an uncomfortable chair, pain thresholds (squeezing a hand or shoulder), room temperature Auditory: gum popping, fingernails on metal or slate, loud throat clearing or chewing, scraping teeth on a fork, screech of tires and birds, loud talking, whispering, alarms and honking, pencil tapping Visual: messy desk, clashing colors, too much or too little decor, crooked picture frames, hair too long or too short, chairs not in alignment, too much light/ not enough light Olfactory: strong smells of raw onions, fish, sweat, old carpet, perfume Gustatory: texture and taste of squid, eggs, unbuttered toast The key to tolerance for our own sensory tipping points is to avoid blaming the offender. We acknowledge that these are our sensitivities, not everyone else’s. We choose wisely whether or not to reveal our sensitivities. Others often cannot imagine we have such strong aversions to sensations they like or do not even notice. And someone of any age may choose to use our sensitivities to rile us. Take a deep breath and minimize your response with a bit of private humor: “I’ll just move over here to give you a bit more room.” “I’m going to pretend I don’t hear that sound.” “I will not threaten to nail his shoe to the floor to stop his leg from jiggling!”

Berga, Sarah L. "Disorders of gonadotropin secretion." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1212–23. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.0838.

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Folliculogenesis and ovulation depend upon adequate gonadotropin stimulation, which in turn requires appropriate gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) input. There exists a group of related disorders in which GnRH drive to the pituitary is reduced, resulting in secondary diminution of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone input to the ovary. Clinically, reduced GnRH drive results in a spectrum of ovarian compromise, ranging from luteal insufficiency to chronic anovulation. Variable menstrual patterns follow, including amenorrhoea, polymenorrhoea, with or without menorrhagia, and oligomenorrhoea, depending on the extent of follicular activity across time. Rarely, there is an organic or congenital cause for reduced GnRH drive, such as a brain tumour, coeliac disease, or migration of an insufficient number of GnRH neurons from the olfactory placode into the hypothalamus during fetal development. Typically, the cause is functional, that is, due to the endocrine consequences of certain psychological or behavioural variables. Anorexia nervosa provides the most dramatic example, but most women who develop functional hypothalamic anovulation do not meet criteria for an eating disorder and do not develop one subsequently. Because of the occult and heterogeneous nature of the behavioural variables that contribute to the genesis of this related group of disorders, a variety of names have been used to describe this syndrome, including exercise amenorrhoea, stress-related or stress-induced anovulation, functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea, functional hypothalamic chronic anovulation, and psychogenic amenorrhoea. Occasionally, psychiatric syndromes other than eating disorders such as depression coexist with functional hypothalamic anovulation, but unlike anorexia nervosa, in which amenorrhoea is almost universal, amenorrhoea is less common in women with bulimia and depression. Despite the multiplicity of names, the pathogenesis of anovulation in these diverse clinical settings is similar. In recognition of their common nature, I have chosen herein to refer to this group of disorders as ‘functional hypothalamic anovulation’ or FHA. As noted above, not all women have reduced gonadotropin secretion to the extent that they become amenorrhoeic or even persistently anovulatory, but most investigations have focused on subjects with the most complete expression of these related disorders, namely, those who are amenorrhoeic due to chronic anovulation. Generally, functional hypothalamic anovulation is considered to be a form of secondary amenorrhoea, but it can present as primary amenorrhoea. The diagnosis of functional hypothalamic anovulation is one of exclusion.

Burnaby, Frederick. "A Sheepskin Suit—Servant Hunting—A Tartar Dwarf—Nazar—Packing the Sleigh—Kirghiz Camels—Ural Mountains—Krasnogorsk—Bouran—Off the Track—Hamess Broken—Driver Loses his Way—Nazar Famished—Keeping Awake under Difficulties—The Rescue—Nazar’s Culinary Composition— Benighted Travellers—The Courier—An Officer and his Wife—The Doctor —Bleeding—Curiosity—Tropical Heat or Extreme Cold, which is the worst to bear ?" In A Ride to Khiva, 111–22. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192880505.003.0014.

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Abstract The excitement created in the household by the prisoner’s arrival having calmed down, I set out with my friend G— to see if I could purchase a sheepskin suit such as is worn by the Russian peasantry. In the meantime, Bektchourin very good- naturedly went off in search of a servant. “ I must get you one,” he said. “ You shall not go alone. It shall not be said that there is not one honest Tartar servant in Orenburg.” G— drove me to a street mainly inhabited by dealers in sheepskin. On entering one of the shops, we were nearly compelled to beat a retreat, owing to the smell. A few years ago the Thames on a hot summer’s afternoon, and at low water, had a bouquet peculiarly its own, and one which startled the olfactory nerves; but the odour in this little Russian shop was infinitely more disgusting. The sheepskins were in every stage of preparation.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Olfactory drive":

Bordegoni, Monica, Marina Carulli, and Yuan Shi. "Investigating the Use of Smell in Vehicle-Driver Interaction." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60541.

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Every year approximately more than one million people die on world’s road. Human factors are the largest contributing factors to the traffic crashes and fatality, and recent researches have identified drivers’ cognitive aspect as the major cause of human errors in 80% of crash events. Thus, the development of countermeasures to manage drivers’ cognitive aspect is an important challenge to address. Driver-Assistance Systems have been developed and integrated into vehicles to acquire data about the environment and the driver, and to communicate information to the driver, usually via the senses of vision and hearing. Unfortunately, these senses are already subjected to high demands, and the visual and auditory stimuli can be underestimate or considered as annoying. However, other sensory channels could be used to elicit the drivers’ cognitive aspect. In particular, smell can impact on various aspects of humans’ psychological state, such as people’s attention level, and can induce activation states in people. The research presented in this paper aims at investigating whether olfactory stimuli, instead of auditory ones, can be used to influence the cognitive aspect of the drivers. For this purpose, an experimental framework has been set up and experimental testing sessions have been performed. The experimental framework is a multisensory environment consisting of an active stereo-projector and a screen used for displaying a video that reproduces a very monotonous car trip, a seating-buck for simulating the car environment, a wearable Olfactory Display, in-ear earphones and the BioGraph Infiniti system for acquiring the subjects’ physiological data. The analysis of the data collected in the testing sessions shows that, in comparison to the relaxation state, olfactory stimuli are effective in increasing subjects’ attention level more than the auditory ones.

Hiroike, Shin'ya, Shun'ichi Doi, Takahiro Wada, Eiji Kobayashi, Masayuki Karaki, Nozomu Mori, Takashi Kusaka, and Susumu Ito. "Study of olfactory effect on individual driver under driving." In 2009 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering - CME 2009. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccme.2009.4906634.

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Kim, SuKyoung. "TOWARDS VALUE-DRIVEN EXPERIENCE DESIGN BY MINDING THE GAP BETWEEN VISUAL-OLFACTORY PERCEPTION." In 24th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. The Design Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35199/epde.2022.90.

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Hou, Linzao, Jun Zhang, Mian Li, and Ruixiang Zheng. "Modeling Odor Optimization of Vehicles Based on Data-Driven Goal Programming." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23519.

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Abstract In recent years, there is an increase in customer requirement on the comfort of vehicles. As a result, reducing the odor inside the vehicles has become an important and elusive task. Extensive experimental results show that the odor inside vehicles mainly comes from VOC (volatile organic compounds) emitted by the interior ornaments and parts. Given there are many VOC components affecting the odor, determining which VOC components are essential to the odor becomes a main difficulty in optimizing the odor in vehicles. In this paper, we proposed a new approach to optimize the odor of VOC in vehicles based on data-driven modeling and goal programming. To this end, we first collected mass spectrograms of vehicle parts and their odor ratings, where the mass spectrograms are obtained by mass spectrometer and ratings are scored by olfactory engineers. Then we used these data to build a data-driven model based on Weber-Fechner Law. The data-driven model is solved using lasso regression. Based on the data-driven model, we found out the contributions of the VOC components to the odor rating, which enables us to focus on certain specific VOC components that contribute much to the odor ratings. By strategically reducing those specific VOC components using goal programming, we finally obtained an optimized design with a better odor rating. To be specific, when performing the optimization, instead of minimizing the VOC odor rating, we set an ideal odor rating as the goal and formulated the optimization as a goal programming problem. To validate our approach, we collected 179 VOC mass spectrograms to train and test our data-driven model. The average accuracy of predicting odor ratings from mass spectrograms can reach 85% ∼ 90%. This data-driven model implies the contributions of VOC components on different mass weights to the odor rating, and the selected high-contribution mass weights can give reasonable optimization scheme to reduce the VOC gas odor.