Дисертації з теми "Optimisation de bains chimiques"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Optimisation de bains chimiques".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Hildebrandt, Thibaud. "Optimisation des interfaces absorbeur/couche tampon/fenêtre avant dans les cellules solaires à base de Cu(In,Ga)Se2." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066720.
The replacement of CdS-based buffer layer in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells has been one of the main challenges of the research community for the last decade. Today, one of the most promising alternative material is the chemically bath deposited Zn(S,O,OH). Because of its low deposition rate and of metastable behavior, it becomes necessary to proceed to an optimization of experimental conditions and of the various interfaces. The first part of this work has been dedicated to the optimization of the deposition bath thanks to the introduction of new additives. It has been possible to underline the additive effects on both the deposition rate and on the chemical composition of the deposited layers. The second part of this work has been dedicated to the optimization of the (Zn,Mg)O/ZnO:Al window layer. Thanks to an improvement of the sputtering conditions, it has been possible to reduce metastability of the solar cells, and to limit sodium migration up to the Zn(S,O,OH) layer. These optimized conditions combined to the variation of the CIGSe surface composition have allowed us to outperform CdS-based references solar cells
Ganchou, Isabelle. "Gels douche et bains moussants." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P088.
GUENEGOU, THIERRY. "Elimination de l'arsenic de bains de destruction d'armes chimiques et traitement des effluents." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066197.
Cassou, Thierry. "Optimisation de fonctionnements de pompes à chaleur chimiques." Perpignan, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PERP0168.
Feneyrolles, Clémence. "Identification et optimisation de nouvelles séries chimiques anti-kinases." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20238.
Kinases are an important family among human proteins that include 518 identified members so far. They play key roles in the living functions such as proliferation, survival, migration of cells and apoptosis that make them of tremendous interest as potential and highly studied therapeutical targets. In particular, many cancers are associated with kinase dysfunction, overactivation, overexpression or repression. They are also involved in auto-immune and inflammatory diseases. Kinase inhibitors development is a challenge of modern medicinal chemistry, as the high conservation of their activity domain makes it difficult to design of specific inhibitors as well as mandatory given the broad spectrum of regulated phenomenon through their pathways. We hereby propose to design a specific inhibitor of a therapeutically validated kinase in the field of oncology. That kinase is however and despite the need not specifically targeted by any compound in the market so far. We previously obtained a small and highly derivatizable hit that we decided to optimize step by step in order to obtain new chemical entities of high potential toward that specific kinase
Alain, Eléonore. "Optimisation des paramètres chimiques du circuit primaire des centrales électronucléaires." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066772.
Mokni, Marwa. "Optimisation et analyses des propriétés physico-chimiques et diélectriques du parylène D." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY080/document.
This work is mainly focused on the elaboration and the characterization of parylene D thin films of few micrometers deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The goal of this study is to evaluate the potentialities of this polymer in order to replace the parylene N or C for specific applications or to integrate it in new applications. A first study consisted in evaluating the impact of the CVD process parameters (temperature of sublimation, temperature of pyrolysis, substrate temperature) on the surface morphology, the molecular structure and dielectric changes of parylene D. For that, we were based on several analyzes techniques as FTIR, XRD, DSC, TGA, AFM, SEM, DMA. Thermal stresses were applied to parylene D to evaluate their performance at high temperature (>200°C) and the changes on the crystal structure (size of crystallites, percentage of crystallinity,…) or the stability of the thermal properties (temperature of transition, temperature of crystallization, melting point) and dielectric properties (the dielectric permittivity, the dissipation factor, the electrical conductivity and the electric modulus). Dielectric and electrical properties of Parylene D were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy in a wide temperature ranges from -140°C to 350°C and frequency from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, respectively. (a, b and g)-relaxation mechanisms, interfacial polarization related to Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars and electrode polarization have been identified in this polymers. The dielectric performances of Parylene D have been also compared with parylenes N and C which are used in wide industrial applications. Optimized and controlled conditions of the CVD process of parylenes D are proposed in this work in relation to the properties. The obtained results open a new way for specific applications
Chaair, Hassan. "Optimisation de la synthèse en continu des phosphates de calcium." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT020G.
Sarrazin, Marie-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude des méthodes de calcul numérique, notamment d'optimisation, des équilibres chimiques complexes." Limoges, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIMO0018.
Michaud, Alexandre. "Séchage par contact sous vide avec agitation intermittente de poudres pharmaceutiques : étude expérimentale, modélisation et optimisation." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10151.
Lépine, Éric. "Optimisation et mise en forme de verres et vitrocéramiques infrarouges pour capteurs chimiques et biologiques." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S209.
Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit concernent l'étude des verres transparents dans l'infrarouge, et spécialement dans une application en tant que capteur. Leur comportement sous irradiation LASER, la possibilité de modifier leur surface ainsi que l'exploration de nouvelles compositions vitreuses a été étudié. La déposition de couches minces à la surface d'un verre de chalcogénure a été réalisée suivant deux procédés différents, la PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) et la pulvérisation cathodique. La PVD a malheureusement conduit à des dépôts inhomogènes. La pulvérisation , elle, nous a permis l'obtention d'une couche avec un meilleur contrôle de la morphologie, et un traitement chimique ultérieur a permis l'obtention d'une surface poreuse. Les phénomènes photo-induits ont été étudiés, spécialement la photofluidité, sur le sytème binaire Ge-Se. L'étude initiale a traité de la réponse des fibres sous irradiation LASER lorsqu'elles étaient soumises à une contrainte de torsion. Ceci a permis de remonter à leur viscosité sous irradiation en fonction de la longueur d'onde ainsi que de la puissance utilisée. Ces premiers résultats ont été exploités pour la fabrication de fibres effilées par photofluidité. Ces fibres ont pu être obtenues avec un contrôle sur le diamètre final ainsi que sur la longueur de la partie effilée. Enfin, l'exploration de systèmes vitreux a été effectuée. Cette étude ne s'est pas portée sur les verres de chalcogénure mais sur des halogénures lourds. Ceci a conduit à l'élaboration de verres présentant des larges fenêtres de transmission, de 500 nm jusqu'au-delà de 26 μm. Malheureusement, leurs propriétés physiques et thermiques ne permettent pas leur mise en forme sous la géométrie souhaitée pour l'élaboration de capteurs
Lecante, Armand. "Extraction de polysaccharides issus d'algues rouges : optimisation des procédés, études physico-chimiques et approches industrielles." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30015.
Within the framework of industrial collaboration, the main aim of this study was to develop extraction processes of hydrocolloids from red seaweeds. Firstly, we developed methods for extracting semi-refined carrageenan from seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatum and Eucheuma denticulatum. Moreover, [iota]- and [kappa]- carrageenans and their respective precursors were identified by NMR spectroscopy. [iota]- and [kappa]-carrageenans and the extract from Gigartina skottsbergii were characterized by IR spectroscopy. Secondly, we studied the effects of alkali treatment of seaweeds Gracilaria verrucosa and Gelidium sesquipedale on the agar quality. We were interested in various acidic treatments to improve the yield and the agar quality. Bleaching process of Gracilaria verrucosa was developed. Finally, we reported desulfation of agar on anionic resins
Riviere, Philippe. "Optimisation des conditions d'élution en chromatographie en phase liquide." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10193.
Ismail, Ali. "Étude et optimisation des réactions de synthèse enzymatique d'alkylglycosides." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL043N.
Cézerac, Jérôme. "Conduite thermique d'un réacteur discontinu par la pression du ciel gazeux." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT012G.
Bordenave, Alexandre. "Traitement in situ des HAPs par co-injection air-vapeur : mécanismes physico-chimiques et optimisation énergétique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30021/document.
PAHs are the largest, ubiquitous and carcinogenic environmental chemical groups. In a context of polluted soil remediation, today it is still a challenge to reach an effective in situ treatment. This study aims to evaluate as an alternative way the potential of a technology combining a thermal process (injection of steam) and a chemical process (co-injection of air) in the saturated zone. A first introductory experimental section considers the influence of a single steam treatment on the release of PAHs from soil matrices within the aquifer. Results prove the necessity of coupling a chemical oxidation technique with this process. If the steam front allows to recover light com- pounds, concentrations of heavier compounds in the dissolved phase are more important after the steam treatment (molar fractions of residual compounds increase). In order to study the fate of PAHs in polluted soils under medium temperature oxidation, numerous experiments in presence of soil spiked matrices were carried out in closed reactors. The catalytic potential of different mineral surfaces was investigated by studying reactivity of different PAHs. Results demonstrate that the efficiency of oxidation remains moderate. They suggest a lack of mineralization and reactions producing partly polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) with equivalent molecular weight as the initial contaminants. Along short term experiments (9 days), the major effect of heating is an increase in irreversible sorption of original compounds. Interestingly, this sorption mostly occurs in presence of natural organic matter and oxygen in the gas phase, suggesting a specific reactivity of the natural organic matter. In long term experiments (6 months), new oxygenated PACs were formed and remained fixed on the solid phase. Consequently, air oxidation catalyzed by minerals and natural organic matter may be a new pathway concerning PAH stabilization in soils. The steam injection technique is still considered as a costly technique. In this last part some technical solutions have been proposed, implemented and modelized. The economic aspect of some injection cases are compared, based on the results of a real field application and some general calculations regarding the costs of wells and energy. Among influential parameters, the radius of influence is a key parameter that determines the distance between each well for an optimum efficiency. The results of this study show that in some scenarios of injection (when the injection takes place in a deeper zone), a preheating phase can be an interesting option to reduce the financial costs of the technique. The main results of the thesis are compared with other steam injection studies to identify the best conditions for the technique application
Azevedo, Christophe. "Structure et réactivité de surface d'un monolithe d'alumine poreux : Optimisation des liaisons physico-chimiques avec un silane." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA07A002.
Mesbahi, Amine. "Effets hydrodynamiques dans un réacteur à plasma de croissance de diamant : approche numérique et expérimentale." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_mesbahi.pdf.
In moderate pressure/low flow-rate diamond deposition plasma modeling, hydrodynamics effects are not taken into account. As a matter of fact, under these conditions, transport of the reactive species is mainly controlled by diffusion. However, when working at very high power density (high pressure and microwave power) and flow rates higher than 500 sccm, growth rate has been seen to be a function of the gas inlet and outlet set-up. In the context of this PhD, we have developed both a 2D axi-symmetrical and a full 3D models able to describe the hydrodynamic flow in PECVD (Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) diamond reactors. Due to the complexity for developing a complete plasma model, we have strongly simplified the plasma description. On the one hand, a thermal source term able to simulate the plasma gas temperature spatial distribution has been defined, and on the other hand, the chemical kinetics scheme has been somewhat reduced. Comparisons between the results obtained by this new model with those provided by LSPM’s existing plasma models and the experimental results allowed us to validate our approach. The model correctly reproduces the thermochemical processes behavior. On this basis, new configurations for the gas inlet and outlet set-up using 3D simulations were conducted. Some were seen to be relevant for improving the diamond deposition process
Lusinchi, Jean-Marie. "Optimisation des propriétés des mélanges de polyéthylène térephtalate avec les polyoléfines et le PVC." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20192.
Laparra, Olivier. "Mise au point et optimisation d'un équipement industriel de dépôts chimiques en phase vapeur actives par plasma (PACVD)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376070095.
Laparra, Olivier. "Mise au point et optimisation d'un équipement industriel de dépôts chimiques en phase vapeur activés par plasma (PACVD)." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20018.
Ohanessian, Kelly. "Optimisation de filières de traitement des eaux résiduaires industrielles par couplage de procédés physico-chimiques, thermiques et biologiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0368.
The modeling, simulation and optimization of different industrial wastewater treatment processes using the process coupling method were studied in order to compare their purification performances and to evaluate the associated energy and economic expenses. Three effluents characteristic of the microelectronic industry have been selected as example. As a first step, a bibliographic study allowed to determine the input data for each of the streams studied (flow rates, composition) as well as the conventional treatment methods used. The conventional treatment processes for the three effluents were then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the available functionalities of the software (modules, components, thermodynamic model), some processes have been modeled and/or developed on physical, chemical and kinetic data from the literature. In a second step, new treatment streams were proposed for each of the effluents considered. New processes were modeled and then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the effluent considered, the different couplings refined the treatment thus allowing to reach the discharge limits set in a natural environment or in a sensitive zone to eutrophication, but also to reduce reagents and energy consumption, validating the interest of the couplings. Also, the valorization of by-products has resulted in a significant saving on investment costs
Sarrieu, Cyril. "Elaboration de diamant CVD épitaxié sur silicium : caractérisations physico-chimiques et structurales des premiers stades, optimisation de l’interface." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL093N/document.
Diamond is a wide band gap semiconductor which is very promising, especially in electronics or in radiodetection.Our study is focused in particular on the production of heteroepitaxial diamond films on silicon substrates. In fact, this association is a major issue because of the wide use of silicon in microelectronics. Films are produced by microwave plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (MPCVD), with a bias procedure (BEN) which enable us to initiate nucleation. Our aim is to achieve a better epitaxial rate of the diamond crystals and also a better density, which are two decisive criteria for the quality of highly oriented diamond films. SEM, AFM, XPS and RHEED analyses have shown that the formation of an intermediary silicon carbide layer by in situ carbonization provides important advantages but that the bias procedure should be short in order to avoid a deterioration of this layer. Moreover, we noticed that the use of a low methane concentration prevents a defective growth of the diamond crystal. These adjustments allowed us to raise the epitaxial rate from 10 to 45 % but, on the other hand, the density decreased. To compenate for this density drop, the state of the substrate surface can be improved, by optimizing its structure through a plasma pretreatment (density mutiplied bu 20) or by preparing a layer of monocrystalline silicon carbide. In this last case, we obtained a diamond nucleation forming domains, which is unusual on silicon carbide but very promising. Consequently, our work shows how to directly improve the quality of the diamond nucleation. This paves the way to the production on silicon of thinner diamond films with better crystal quality
Bouhelassa, Mohammed. "Optimisation du transfert d'oxygène dans un bioréacteur Emulsair." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI189.
Raynaud, Jean-Pierre. "Etude d'un nouvel exopolysaccharide fongique identification de la souche productrice, optimisation de la production, propriétés physico-chimiques du polymère /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376178621.
Raynaud, Jean-Pierre. "Etude d'un nouvel exopolysaccharide fongique : identification de la souche productrice ; optimisation de la production ; propriétés physico-chimiques du polymère." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30313.
Néron, Alex. "Développement d'une plateforme de calcul d'équilibres chimiques complexes et adaptation aux problèmes électrochimiques et d'équilibres contraints." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5502.
Balaa, Karla. "Capteur à fibre optique basé sur le principe de Résonance de Plasmons de Surface : optimisation pour la détection d'espèces chimiques." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00291177.
Dans une première partie, nous présentons une revue théorique sur les plasmons de surface à l'interface métal – diélectrique. Nous présentons ensuite une étude expérimentale en deux parties : la première décrit la réalisation et la caractérisation des capteurs SPR à fibre optique, la seconde présente l'analyse de la réponse SPR des transducteurs ainsi réalisés. En particulier nous avons caractérisé par des études systématiques l'influence de paramètres physiques importants liés au métal, à la fibre optique et au traitement de surface de la partie sensible par le greffage d'une couche de thiols.
Enfin, nous proposons une étude numérique simulant la réponse du capteur en fonction de différents stimuli. Ce modèle, basée sur le calcul de la réflectance de la lumière à l'interface d'un ensemble multicouches nous a permis de valider l'étude expérimentale et d'étendre les recherches en prenant en compte différent type de molécules cibles. En particulier, nous présentons des résultats sur des molécules absorbants ou non absorbants, greffées ou non à la surface du transducteur. Une comparaison entre résultats expérimentaux et simulations numériques valide l'ensemble du travail et nous permet finalement de proposer une configuration optimisée du capteur, en fonction de la nature de la couche métallique et de la fibre optique, ainsi que des molécules cibles à détecter.
Ohanessian, Hagop. "Conversion mécano électrique par contrainte uniaxiale dans les générateurs piézoélectriques : optimisation des paramètres électriques, mécaniques et physico-chimiques des matériaux." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0020.
Miranda, Montealegre Moira. "Intégration du design et de la commande optimale. : Application à la distillation réactive." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3001.
In this thesis a methodology for the integration of the design and optimal control of chemical processes is proposed. It is shown how process optimization, utilized the benefits of a unified procedure by integrating the design and control of complex process systems may result in smaller investment costs and more economical and more secure process operation even under the presence of modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. Two basic problems are considered. The first is a problem of the application of the concept of nonlinear optimal control to reactive distillation, and the other is the effect of the interaction of process design and optimal control. The application of Pontryagin's Minimum Principle to a complex system involving reaction and separation in a single unit is an original contribution of this thesis. The objectives and achievements of this work are demonstrated on a process of reactive distillation, used nowadays in the industry for the synthesis of the Ethyl ter-Buthyl Ether
Mathieu-Potvin, François. "Modélisation et optimisation des canaux réactifs de microréacteurs et des piles à combustible à hydrogène." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30552/30552.pdf.
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are devices that produce electricity by means of a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. These devices are possible alternatives for the replacement of internal combustion engines. However, they are not yet competitive, because their cost, weight and volume are still too large. A challenge is thus to increase PEMFC efficiency by optimizing their design. The main objective of the present project is to develop mathematical and numerical modeling tools in order to optimize the PEMFC design. First, small-scale transport phenomena in the porous media of PEMFC are formulated mathematically, and then a volume averaging method is used to transform these equations into equations that are valid at a larger scale in the porous media. The new mathematical model obtained with this strategy shows that the mass conservation equation contains an additional term, while the momentum equation remains similar to Darcy’s Law. Second, a numerical model is developed in order to optimize the geometry of catalytic channels in which a fluid undergoes chemical reactions. This kind of flow may represent, for example, the reacting species that move in PEMFC channels. Correlations are developed analytically in order to predict the optimal designs for these channels. These correlations were validated with numerical simulations. The results obtained may be applied to several different devices (e.g., microreactors, monolith, PEMFC). Finally, the mathematical and numerical model of a PEMFC are developed and validated. This model is used to optimize catalyst allocation between the anode and cathode sides of the fuel cell, and also to optimize catalyst distribution within the cathode catalyst layer. The analysis shows that an unequal allocation of catalyst between the anode and cathode sides results in a higher electric current. It was also shown that a non-uniform catalyst distribution within the cathode layer yields higher electric current. Finally, the most influential parameters of the numerical model were identified by a sensitivity analysis.
Marsaud, Françoise. "Croissance par la méthode Czochralski de monocristaux de BiGeO purs et dopés caractérisations physico-chimiques et optimisation de ses propriétés photoréfractives /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376077229.
Tamani, Tarik. "Optimisation technico-économique du réacteur LPCVD à murs chauds lors des dépôts de silicium pur ou dopé in situ au bore ou au phosphore." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT049G.
Rousseville, Lucie. "Mise en place, développement, caractérisation et optimisation de dépôts chimiques de nickel et d’or, réalisés sans cyanure, pour l’application Under Bump Metallization." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2040.
Uhlemann, Jens. "Optimisation et conduite automatique d'un réacteur discontinu-application à la synthèse du 2-furyl oxirane." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT070G.
Slimani, Driss. "Optimisation des barbotines par méthodes physico-chimiques et élaboration et caractérisation de céramiques composites à dispersoïdes (3 mol. % Y₂O₃-ZrO₂+αAl₂O₃)". Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0099.
The improvement of zirconia monolithic ceramics may be obtained with addition of alumina, the elastic modulus and hardness of which are higher. Nevertheless, the properties of the elaborated material are very closely related to elaboration conditions, and specially to the great dispersion of alumina inside zirconia. The small powder dispersion study is based on rheological and electrochemical properties of colloidal suspensions. The first part of this work deals with dispersion and desagglomeration of alumina and 1 or zirconia powders. The used technics of characterization are : zeta potential measuring by EMT A method (Electrophoretic Mass Transport Analysis), polarisation resistance measuring, dissolved oxygen determination, viscosity measuring, and granulometric characterization. The correlation of results obtained with the different technics allows to keep only the polarisation resistance measuring to determine the optimal conditions and to adjust the physical and chemical parameters : this technique is easy, quickly operational and consums of few powder. The influence of organic additives on the packing and the choice of thermic cycle for the sintering of compressed samples are then considered. At last, the physico-chemical and mechanical characteristics of sintered materials are then studied
Bahmed, Abdelhakim. "Caractérisation et optimisation de l'hydrodynamique d'un four à gaz par analyse de la distribution des temps de séjour." Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD860.
Yuan, Xigang. "Conception optimale de procédés par programmation mixte non linéaire." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT041G.
Chausseau, Matthieu. "Optimisation du traitement de l'information contenue dans les spectres émis par un plasma à couplage inductif." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10155.
Gentric, Caroline. "Optimisation dynamique et commande non linéaire d'un réacteur de polymérisation en émulsion." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_GENTRIC_C.pdf.
Rozière, Christine. "Etude d'un nouvel exopolysaccharide fongique produit par Piptorus betulinus optimisation de la production du polymère : étude de ses propriétés physico-chimiques, détermination de sa structure /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614082q.
ROZIERE-GUENON, CHRISTINE. "Etude d'un nouvel exopolysaccharide fongique produit par piptoporus betulinus : optimisation de la production du polymere ; etude de ses proprietes physico-chimiques ; determination de sa structure primaire." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30239.
Boetti, Hélène. "Optimisation de l'expression du gène gus sous contrôle de promoteurs inductibles par des stimuli physiques ou chimiques dans des suspensions cellulaires indifférenciées de tabac (Nicotiana tabacum)." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1007.
Zhang, Shao-Yong. "Formulation et résolution de problèmes à variables mixtes. Application à la conception et à la modélisation de procédés chimiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT043G.
Calvez, Philippe. "La liaison membranaire de neuroprotéines sensibles au calcium impliquées dans la phototransduction visuelle et optimisation de la méthode d'analyse de la liaison de protéines aux films monomoléculaires lipidiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29335/29335.pdf.
Ramírez, Botero Asdrúbal Antonio. "Modélisation, simulation, optimisation et commande d’un procédé d’évaporation réactive assistée par plasma pour la production de couches minces d’oxyde de zinc." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0348.
In this work the modeling, simulation, dynamic optimization and control of a Plasma Assisted Reactive Evaporation process (PARE) for the deposition of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films are proposed. Initially, a dimensional unsteady-state model was developed for the process, this model apply dynamic material balances to the process and accounting for diffusive and convective mass transfer, and bulk and surface reactions in order to establish the space-time evolution of the concentration of the species (O_2(g) , O_((g))^., O_((g))^-, 〖Zn〗_((g)), 〖Zn〗_((g))^+ and 〖ZnO〗_((g))) present throughout the reactor and compute the final film thickness. The case of study corresponds to a pilot reactor operated by the Semiconductor Materials and Solar Energy Research Group (SM&SE) of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia where the ZnO thin films are used for the fabrication of different kind of solar cells (inverted inorganic solar cells, organic solar cells and perovskite based solar cells). The equations are spatially discretized using finite difference methods and then implemented and solved in time using Matlab®. The simulation results are validated by means of COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS® which computes the same results; However, to complete the others objectives of the project it will keep using the finite difference method under Matlab® because it offers more flexibility in the perspective of dynamic optimization and control of PARE process. To corroborate the model, experimental measurements of ZnO film thickness were carried out using a thickness monitor on a pilot reactor designed and implemented by the Semiconductor Materials and Solar-Energy (SM&SE) Research Group at Universidad Nacional de Colombia. After 90 min of deposition time the simulated results and the experimental measurements exhibit a very good agreement, just around 20 nm discrepancy in the final thin film thickness hence showing the high accuracy of the developed model. The dynamic optimization problem is transformed into a non-linear programming (NLP) problem using the CVP method, i.e. the control variables are approximated by means of piecewise constant functions. It is then implemented within Matlab and solved using fmincon optimizer. Two different optimization problems are proposed., in the first problem Zn flow rate (V_(w,Zn)) is considered as control or manipulated variables u(t) and in the second problem both Zn flow rate (V_(w,Zn)) and Oxygen flow rate 〖(V〗_(w,O_2 )) are considered as manipulated variables. Quality constraints are established according to experimental studies that were performed in order to determinate the final product properties such as Transmittance, Resistivity, Film thickness and reactor parameters. Two optimization problems are solved taking as control variable the Zn flow rate and Oxygen flow rate in order to minimize batch time while some thin film desired properties (transmittance, resistivity and thickness) satisfy the defined constraints. The batch time was reduced in a 15% with respect to the current operating conditions used by the Semiconductor Materials and Solar Energy research Group. Finally, the optimal profiles of the Zn flow rate and Oxygen flow rate that were obtained in the optimization part were used to develop and simulated a regulatory control algorithm using the Simulink toolbox of Matlab®. The results obtained in the simulation of the control algorithm show that the designed controller has an appropriate performance by following the optimal flow trajectories and the ideal ratio of Oxygen and Zinc
Casteil, Jean. "Optimisation d'un réacteur fluidisé gaz/solide pour l'ozonisation de polymères : application à la synthèse de copolymères greffés en vue du retraitement de matières plastiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20175.
Letellier, Maxime. "Optimisation de mousses de carbone dérivées de tannin par l’étude et la modélisation de leurs propriétés physiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0165/document.
In this PhD work, alveolar materials in the form of carbon cellular and/or reticulated foams were produced in order to study and to model their physical properties. Cellular carbon foams were obtained by pyrolysis under nitrogen flow of rigid foams mainly derived from biomass-based tannins and furfuryl alcohol. The structures of these foams were tailored through the modification of the formulation of their organics precursors. The reticulated foams, only comprising a solid skeleton made of struts without cell walls, were prepared from polymeric commercial foams through a template method. The structures of all of these materials were thoroughly characterised by using different methods such as electron microscopy and X-ray microtomography. The physical properties of these foams were investigated through mechanical, acoustic, thermal and electromagnetic measurements. Mechanical characterisations were carried out in quasi-static compression through a comparative study with or without plates glued to the samples surfaces. The acoustic tests were done with a 2-microphones impedance tube and through air resistivity measurements. The thermal conductivity was investigated by Hot Disk and Laser flash methods, the latter being coupled with thermal expansion and heat capacity measurements. The electromagnetic characterisations were performed in a wide range of frequencies, from 20 Hz to terahertz and far infrared through LRC-meter, network analyser and waveguides, and terahertz and infrared spectrometers. This work allowed studying precisely the influence of different structural parameters such as density and cell size, interconnectivity and shape, as well as tortuosity, on the physical properties of foams. It was finally possible, depending on the cases, to check the validity of existing models, to suggest improvements or limitations, or to observe new phenomena
Vergnaud, Céline. "Optimisation de la croissance de MoSe2 - WSe2 par épitaxie de Van der Waals pour la valleytronique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY038.
The purpose of this thesis is to optimize growth by molecular beam epitaxy in the van der Waals regime of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor layers of transition metal diselenides (MoSe2, WSe2) for magneto-optical and electric studies. This optimization involves improving the crystallographic quality of the layers over large areas by adjusting the growth parameters (temperature and flux). In particular, the control of the surface state of the substrate is decisive on the growth mechanisms of these layers. The development of these low-dimensional materials required the use of advanced characterization techniques (Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, High Resolved Transmission Electronic Microscopy, ect). In this thesis, we focused on two specific substrates : silicon oxide and mica. They both have the particularity of being insulating and inert from an electronic point of view, which is essential to probe the optical and electrical intrinsic properties of 2D layers. Finally, we developed electrical doping (p doping) for microelectronics and magnetic (Mn doping) for valleytronics
Blanc, Claire-Line. "Conception et optimisation d’un procédé innovant pour la purification d’acides organiques issus de biotechnologie." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0008.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of preparative chromatography in the context of the elaboration and optimization of an innovative purification process of organic acids from biotechnology. Lactic and succinic acids were mainly studied. They are produced by fermentation and used in industry as additive, for a long time. They are identified as promising building blocks for green chemistry development, from renewable carbon. In particular, they are monomers for bioplastic industry. Unlike historical utilizations, this new type of application requires much higher purity levels. Those purities are currently obtained by additional purification steps, like liquid-liquid extraction, distillation and/or crystallization. We tried to evaluate if the required specifications may be reached by the implementation of preparative chromatography. For this chromatography was studied in details as unitary operation, in order to better understand separation mechanisms of studied compounds and implementation parameters. Two resin types were mainly used, a strong cationic one and a strong anionic one. Firstly, thermodynamic study of the adsorption of three organic acids in pure solution was performed. It revealed very different performances for both resins: adsorption on strong cationic resin is quite linear, whereas on strong anionic one adsorption is strongly nonlinear and fits with Langmuir model. Elution velocity influence on peak shape and so on dispersion was then studied. Column efficiency decreases linearly with elution velocity, accordingly to Van Deemter model. It was shown that the line slope was identical at lab scale and on a pilot ten times bigger. Then it may be used to predict column efficiency evolution during scale-up. Mixing solutions from synthetic or real origin were studied, to evaluate operational parameter influence on the separation, as load, feed concentration, pH… On the strong anionic resin, a first modeling was developed for experimental results. It highlighted that Langmuir type adsorption mechanism is not able to explain peak shape and position. We supposed that an ion exchange mechanism with the organic acid dissociated part may happen. This exchange may have a significant impact on peak shape and position, even if organic acids are mainly in molecular form, because of a low work pH. 4 Separations established at lab scale were validated at pilot scale in continuous chromatography ISMB. It was demonstrated that the anionic resin allows to reach a higher productivity than the cationic one, with a similar productivity. A complete purification process was tested with succinic acid, using bipolar electrodialysis acidification, reverse osmosis concentration, preparative chromatography separation with a strong anionic resin and nanofiltration discoloration. Product was then crystallized, to be compared to an industrial product. Our crystals were close to waited specifications and relatively better than the industrial ones. An additional ion exchange step could have allows to reach polymer grade. We show that chromatography is useful in an organic acid purification process, in order to reach a very high purity