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1
Menichini, Giovanni, Emanuele Del Monte, Maurizio Orlando, and Andrea Vignoli. "Out-of-plane capacity of cladding panel-to-structure connections in one-story R/C precast structures." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 15 (2020): 6849–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00962-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The interaction between cladding panels and the main structure is a crucial point to assess the seismic response, and above all the structural safety, of RC precast industrial building. In the past, connections were often designed to allow construction tolerances and to accommodate both thermal and wind-induced displacements. The lack of specific details to allow relative in-plane displacements between cladding panels and the main structure often led to the participation of cladding panels in the structure seismic-resistant system with consequent connection failures. In the last decades, a lot of experimental tests were performed to investigate the in-plane performance of panel connections, and some design recommendations have been developed accordingly. In the out-of-plane direction, the connections were often considered to be infinitely rigid and not to suffer any damage by the seismic load. This work deals with the out-of-plane response of panel-to-structure connections for vertical panels typical of industrial and commercial precast buildings. Both standard hammer-head strap and new devices, called SismoSafe, were investigated. Tests were performed in the Structures and Materials Testing Laboratory of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Florence, where a specific setup was designed to perform cyclic and monotonic tests on the connection devices. Standard connections showed a rather limited resistance, while the innovative connections exhibited a high out-of-plane resistance. Numerical analyses were also performed on a case study building to evaluate the distribution of the out-of-plane demand on the connections.
2
Offerman, Tom, and Dan V. Bompa. "Numerical investigation of lateral behaviour of steel‐timber hybrid frames." ce/papers 6, no. 3-4 (2023): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2339.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper examines the response of steel‐timber hybrid (STH) lateral stability systems for medium‐rise buildings. A ten‐storey baseline STH structure was designed to codified procedures and compared with a steel‐concrete composite structure. Detailed numerical models were constructed in which specific constitutive representations were assigned to steel‐timber and timber‐timber connections. Parametric investigations on the STH structure were carried out in which the cross laminated timber panel layups, timber shear wall length, and connection characteristics were modified. The study indicated that the STH structure had larger lateral deformations compared to the steel‐concrete structure, both within code limits. For the same design loads, the reduction in self‐weight from the steel‐concrete structure to the STH structure was 73.1%, whilst the floor depth was reduced by 17.2%, respectively. Parametric studies showed that the lateral response of STHs is generally improved with the effective thickness of the timber infill panel and is influenced by the panel layup. Increasing the shear wall length generally enhances the lateral stiffness, yet the overall performance is reduced with the increase of panel connections. The reduction in self‐weight, member sizes and replacement of the concrete with timber led to a reduction in embodied carbon of more than 32.7% whilst achieving similar structural performance.
3
Dal Lago, Bruno, Francesco Foti, and Luca Martinelli. "Seismic actions induced by cladding panels on precast concrete frame structures." International Journal of Business & Technology 6, no. 3 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ijbte.2018.6.3.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The strong earthquakes occurred in Southern Europe in the last decade pointed out a poor seismic performance of the connection system of the cladding of precast industrial structures. The cladding of these buildings usually consists of sandwich concrete panels of remarkable mass, connected to the frame structure with mechanical devices. The estimation of the out-of-plane seismic action on these connections is a key step for their correct proportioning. However, the formulation currently provided in the Eurocode 8 for the estimation of the seismic action on non-structural elements was calibrated with different objectives. Furthermore, given there is no in-plane structure-panel interaction, a quote of the panel mass is lumped in correspondence of their connection for a correct proportioning of the frame structure. The designers need to make assumptions on both aspects that often bring to remarkably different solutions. The paper presents a consistent dynamic formulation of the problem of the vibration of rigid bodies connected with cantilever columns. The solution brings to closed-form equations to evaluate the exact out-of-plane action on the connections and the correct amount of panel mass to be lumped.
4
Guo, Wei, Zhipeng Zhai, Zhiwu Yu, Feng Chen, Yongzhi Gong, and Tao Tan. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Bolt Connections in a Low-Rise Precast Wall Panel Structure System." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (May 30, 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7594132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper develops a novel dry connection utilizing high-strength bolts and introduces the corresponding low-rise precast wall panel structure system. To investigate the seismic performance of the structure system with full bolt connections, monotonic loading tests of the connection joint and cyclic lateral loading tests of three full-scaled precast shear walls are both conducted. Based on the test data, axial and shear mechanical models of the connection are given. Meanwhile, experimental results show that the failure mode of the connection is dominated by anchored rebar ductile rupture, and the precast structure system presents a stable energy dissipation capacity and a good seismic ductility. The numerical model of the precast shear wall is then developed and validated by the cyclic loading test. Also a simplified calculation method to predict the lateral strength of the precast shear wall is proposed. According to the calculation results, the distance between the center of the connection and the edge of the shear wall is suggested to be 150 mm, while the wall thickness is recommended to be 120 mm or 150 mm. Finally, a three-story precast wall panel structure is employed to assess the collapse performance of the proposed precast structure system by using the presented numerical model. The results indicate that the proposed structure system with full bolt connections has high stiffness and high seismic resistance against collapse.
5
Liu, Ruo Nan, Kai Yin Zhang, and Meng Lan Tao. "Test Study on Mechanical Performance of the Flexible Connections of the Precast Concrete Wall Panel." Advanced Materials Research 900 (February 2014): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To explore the performance of the flexible nodes between the precast concrete wall panel and the frame structure, a steel truss is used as an analogue of the frame structure to develop a test. In the test, one precast concrete wall panel was installed on the steel truss, and the connection nodes are designed to be able to slip vertically. Different horizontal forces were exerted on the steel truss to form certain drifts, and the deformation of panel and the slipping performance of the connection nodes were explored. It is found that precast concrete wall panel wont deform under the influence of the drifts, while the connection nodes between the frame structure and the panel were found to slip. The results show that the design of slipping connection node has enough reliability.
6
Sielaff, Brian J., Richard J. Nielsen, and Edwin R. Schmeckpeper. "Evolution of Design Code Requirements for Exterior Elements and Connections." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 1 (2005): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1856537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seismic design requirements for precast concrete cladding panel connections have evolved significantly over the past fifty years. This paper summarizes the pertinent requirements from the Uniform Building Code from 1967 to 1997, and the International Building Code 2000. A hypothetical design illustrates how emphasis in the code has evolved for both lateral force requirements and story drift displacement requirements arriving at a balance of moderate lateral force and displacement requirements. The numerical results are based on a hypothetical case of panel connections for a ten-story moment-resisting steel frame structure built in seismic Zone 4. This historical summary is of value to designers who deal with the seismic rehabilitation of precast panel connections.
7
Guo, Wei, Zhipeng Zhai, Yao Cui, Zhiwu Yu, and Xiaoli Wu. "Seismic performance assessment of low-rise precast wall panel structure with bolt connections." Engineering Structures 181 (February 2019): 562–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.12.060.
Повний текст джерела
8
Chong, Xun, Pu Huo, Linlin Xie, Qing Jiang, Linbing Hou, and Jinchen Xie. "Experimental investigation of seismic performance of a novel isostatic frame-cladding system." Advances in Structural Engineering 25, no. 5 (2022): 1015–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211057264.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new connection measure between the precast concrete (PC) cladding panel and PC frame structure is proposed to realize a new kind of isostatic frame-cladding system. Three full-scale PC wall-frame substructures were tested under the quasi-static load. These substructures included a bare wall-frame specimen, a specimen with a cladding panel that has no opening, and a specimen with a cladding panel that has an opening in it. The damage evolution, failure mode, load-bearing capacity, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity of three specimens were compared. The results indicated that the motions of the cladding panels and the main structures were uncoupled through the relative clearance of the bottom connections, and three specimens exhibited approximately identical failure modes and seismic performance. Thus, the reliability of this new isostatic system was validated.
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Lestari, Marsya Chikita, and Cynthia Afriani Utama. "Board Structure Problem in Aviation Companies: The Relationship of Political Connection and Multiple Directorship on Firm Performance." Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan 25, no. 3 (2021): 617–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5892.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study analyzes the relationship between the political connection and multiple directorships of aviation companies’ board members and their firm performance. This research will focus on companies in the aviation sector on a broader subsector than previous studies. It will help the shareholder of the aviation companies determine board structure policies and evaluate the implementations conducted so far. This research uses descriptive statistics and regression analysis for the panel data model. Moreover, this study uses a purposive sampling technique secondary data from the aviation company’s annual reports in the Asia continent for the 2016-2020 period. The results show that the multiple directorships negatively affect firm performance in aviation companies while the board’s political connections positively affect firm performance, measured by its Return on Equity (ROE). In contrast, the multiple directorships and political connections do not impact aviation companies' firm performance measured by their Return on Assets (ROA). Overall, this study in the Asia continent asserts the previous study where the political connection positively affects the airline’s firm performance in the US. The result can support the corporate governance practice of deciding board structure in the aviation sectors in Asia in terms of political connection and multiple directorships.DOI: 10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5892
10
BOYKO, Igor, Viktor NOSENKO, and Oleg KRIVENKO. "Consideration of the pliability of joints panels of a precast concrete building in the analysis of forces in foundation structures." Bases and Foundations, no. 49 (November 29, 2024): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.49.2024.9-22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary. As cities develop, there is a rising trend towards the construction of multi-storey buildings. The main reason is dense urban development and rising land prices. One of the most common materials for the construction of multi-storey buildings is monolithic reinforced concrete. Monolithic structures allow architects to freely design the interior space, as well as more evenly distribute the forces in the frame elements, and the building works as one rigid structure. At the same time, the construction of monolithic structures requires significant time for construction and highly qualified control over the quality of monolithic work. Therefore, to accelerate the pace of construction, precast concrete structures are used. This paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the interaction of the elements of the “soil-foundation-aboveground structure” system, taking into account the stiffness of the joints between wall panels. A comparison of numerical modeling of a panel building was conducted using two principal schemes: A) Without considering the stiffness (pliability) of panel joints. B) Considering the stiffness of panel joints. Each of these schemes included three variants of panel joint interpretation (sub-schemes): Variant 1 - without considering the operation of vertical panel seams (panels are disconnected from each other). Variant 2 - panels are connected with hinges, meaning vertical seams only transmit horizontal forces. Variant 3 - panels are rigidly connected. The influence of considering the stiffness of horizontal and vertical joints on the redistribution of forces in piles during the modeling of a large-panel building was studied. It was found that in the absence of vertical panel connections (comparison of schemes A and B under Variant 1), considering the stiffness of the horizontal joint results in up to 8% discrepancies in the outcomes. It was demonstrated that when hinged panel connections are considered vertically (comparison of schemes A and B under Variant 2), the inclusion of appropriate stiffness in horizontal and vertical joints results in discrepancies within 10%. It was established that for rigid panel connections (comparison of schemes A and B under Variant 3), accounting for the stiffness of horizontal and vertical joints results in discrepancies of up to 10%.
11
Isaincu, Alexandru, Mario D’ Aniello, and Aurel Stratan. "Implications of Structural Model on the Design of Steel Moment Resisting Frames." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801812010124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Studies have shown that the flexibility of the connections has an important role in the distribution of forces and moments in the structure. This also applies for the displacements, deformations and the stability of the structure. Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of the stiffness of column web-panel and connection on the ultimate response of Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs). Methods: A comprehensive parametric study was carried out. In particular, a set of one hundred and twenty planar frames was analyzed, considering three approaches for modelling the joints. Results: The results highlight that neglecting the influence of the connection and column web panel leads to significant over-estimation of the global instability factor αcr, which can lead to unconservative design and assessment of steel frames, especially for those cases subjected to severe horizontal forces as the seismic actions. Conclusion: Accounting for the joint deformability in MRFs is important even for the cases with connection stiffness (kb) larger than 25 times the beam stiffness where EN1993-1-8 allows neglecting the model of the connection stiffness. Indeed, the comparison of cases with kb ≥ 25 between the models with and without the connection deformability show that of αcr can decrease from 5% to 16%, depending on the refinement of the modelling assumptions. This decrease also lead to higher second order effects and thus to higher design forces but also the overall stiffness of the frame is overestimated.
12
Magliulo, Gennaro, Marianna Ercolino, Crescenzo Petrone, Orsola Coppola, and Gaetano Manfredi. "The Emilia Earthquake: Seismic Performance of Precast Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 2 (2014): 891–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/091012eqs285m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On 20 and 29 May 2012, two earthquakes of MW5.9 and MW5.8 occurred in the Emilia region of northern Italy, one of the most developed industrial centers in the country. A complete photographic report collected in the epicentral zone shows the seismic vulnerability of precast structures, the damage to which is mainly caused by connection systems. Indeed, the main recorded damage is either the loss of support of structural horizontal elements, due to the failure of friction beam-to-column and roof-to-beam connections, or the collapse of the cladding panels, due to the failure of the panel-to-structure connections. The damage can be explained by the intensity of the recorded seismic event and by the exclusion of the epicentral region from the seismic areas recognized by the Italian building code up to 2003. Simple considerations related to the recorded acceleration spectra allow motivating the extensive damage due to the loss of support.
13
Mejdi, Abderrazak, Luca Alimonti, and Bryce Gardner. "On homogenized ribbed-panel model for SEA analysis." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 2 (2023): 5292–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents an investigation into a recent model of homogenized rib-stiffened panels. An equivalent panel model is developed from the skin and the stiffeners of the panel. In this case a space-harmonic-based approach is used, and first-order shear deformation theory is employed to account for the wavefield's in-plane/out-of-plane coupling effect in the skin. The panel's stiffeners interact with the skin through internal forces and moments at the connections. A periodic FE mesh is then used to compute the wave dynamics and the results are used to develop the required terms to solve for vibro-acoustic results in Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). This process is used to predict the vibro-acoustic response of an aircraft structure. The SEA results are compared with detailed FE models of the rib-stiffened aircraft structure.
14
Fatriady, M. R., Rudy Djamaluddin, Muhammad Wihadi Tjaronge, and Andi Arwin Amiruddin. "Study of Capacity Calsium Board – Styrofoam Sandwich Panels on Wall Systems under Cyclic Lateral Force." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 5 (2024): 16148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.7967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new type of lightweight shear wall has been developed using composite panels, with styrofoam as the core layer and calcium board as the skin layer. This innovation aims to facilitate the rapid construction of housing in response to earthquake disasters. Physical testing of the material showed an increase in the compressive strength of the styrofoam core, from 2.14 MPa to 3.74 MPa in 75 mm thick sandwich panels. This study examines the use of precast panels with specific installation techniques involving pick-up beams (sloofs), connectors, and panel to panel connections to enhance wall strength against horizontal earthquake loads. The conducted cyclic loading test followed the ASTM E2126-18 (2018) standard loading cycle pattern test method. Lateral force experiments were conducted on full-scale shear walls with two different panel-frame connection modes. The test results revealed the behavior of Panel Lightweight Concrete (PLC) walls under cyclic lateral forces. Combined wall panels acted independently, and the use of PVAc adhesive and steel connectors resulted in a unified wall behavior system. The displacement behavior of the wall within the pinch system in the notch on the sloof demonstrated positive results. Quipanel walls can reduce building weight, mitigate earthquake forces, and provide a robust structure capable of withstanding long-term lateral forces. This development leads to the construction of simple, earthquake-resistant houses.
15
Gorev, V. A., E. Yu Chelekova, and N. V. Leshchev. "Initial Stage of the Explosion with a Blast Relief Panel Structure Located in the Roof of the Building." Occupational Safety in Industry 12, no. 12 (2022): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-12-29-35.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The initial phase of a gas deflagration explosion is considered, taking into account the action of blast relief panel structures in the roof of the building, which provide overpressure relief to protect the building structures from the explosion and maintain their integrity. This, in turn, ensures the protection of people in the building from the collapse of the building itself. The structure is a lightweight panel. It closes the opening in the roof and is buried in it to its thickness. The panel comes into motion under pressure. The movement begins after the pressure force overcomes the resistance, which is composed of the weight of the structure and the bond force of the structure with the roof frame. After the blast relief structure is shifted to the depth of sealing, the space for depressurizing is opened. The dynamics of the panel movement and pressure change are studied before the start of pressure relief through the opening space along the perimeter of the opening. By the time the panel exits the opening, the explosion pressure may reach values incompatible with the stability of the bearing structures. The paper presents dimensionless complexes that determine the explosion process at this stage. The maximum pressure at this stage of the explosion is determined by the mass per unit area of the blast relief panel, the bursting pressure of the connections of the blast relief panel with the frame, and the ratio of the opening time of the opening to the time of the start of movement of the blast relief panel. The relation of these times depends on the dimensionless complexes defined in the work. An unacceptable increase in pressure at the considered stage of the explosion can occur at any opening area. In general, the process is determined by the properties of the panel, the volume of the room, the speed of combustion and the nature of the panel attachment.
16
Gita Melliyani Anggreini and Hadri Kusuma. "The influence of ownership structure and political connections on tax avoidance in Indonesia." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 13, no. 4 (2024): 324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i4.3392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study intends to examine the influence of ownership structure and political connections on tax avoidance using the Book Tax Differences (BTD) method. The data used is industrial entities registered on the IDX for the 2018-2022 period. By utilizing the proportional sampling method, the study sample that fulfilled the criteria was only 40 companies so 200 observational data were obtained which were used as the study sample. Panel data regression analysis is the chosen analytical method in this research which includes the Chow test, Hausman test, and hypothesis testing using Eviews as a data analytics tool. The test results imply that (i) government ownership negatively impacts tax avoidance, (ii) institutional ownership positively impacts tax avoidance, (iii) family ownership positively impacts tax avoidance, (iv) foreign ownership shows a non-significant positive impact on tax avoidance, and (v) political connections exhibit a non-significant negative impact on tax avoidance.
17
Uddin, Mohammad Nazim, Mohammed Shamim Uddin Khan, and Mosharrof Hosen. "Does Corporate Governance Influence Leverage Structure in Bangladesh?" International Journal of Financial Studies 7, no. 3 (2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs7030050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper examines the regulation of corporate governance on leverage structure decision-making in Bangladesh from 2003 to 2017. Appropriate panel methods are employed to control the problems of serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, and the cross-sectional nature of manufacturing companies. The study finds that corporate governance attributes such as board size, managerial ownership, and duality are the dominant factors for leverage decision-making. The results also indicate that control variables such as firm size and profitability have an influential role on leverage decision-making in Bangladesh. Our findings substantiate the idea that political and family connections to corporate governance structure greatly influence the leverage decision-making of corporate firms in Bangladesh.
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Hanah, Siti, Agmal Revin Febriansya, and Nur Asmilia. "The Effect of Firm Characteristics, Political Connections, and Ownership Structure on Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Non-Cyclical Consumer Sector in Indonesia." Indonesian Financial Review 5, no. 1 (2025): 17–35. https://doi.org/10.55538/ifr.v5i1.48.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the effect of firm characteristics—profitability, leverage, and firm size—along with political connections and ownership structure (institutional and managerial ownership) on tax avoidance among non-cyclical consumer companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023. Using a panel data approach with 45 firm-year observations and regression analysis via E-Views 12, the results reveal that profitability and leverage negatively influence tax avoidance. However, firm size, political connections, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership show no significant individual effect. Collectively, these factors have a statistically significant impact. The study contributes to the literature by highlighting the multidimensional nature of tax avoidance behavior and its link to both internal and external corporate governance factors.
19
Milojević, M., V. Racic, M. Marjanović, and M. Nefovska-Danilović. "Vibration serviceability assessment of complex-shaped CLT floor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2647, no. 13 (2024): 132002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/13/132002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors are typically an assembly of prefabricated panels connected together on the site. CLT offers a wide range of configuration possibilities, as it can be easily pre-cut into various shapes and sizes, making it suitable for use in different architectural design requirements. However, available CLT design guidelines do not apply to complex-shaped CLT floors, i.e. unconventional geometry of floor plans including concave polygons, arches and openings. This paper presents a numerical vibration analysis of such a floor with openings, which represents a standard floor structure for residential and commercial buildings. Influence of panel orientation and inter-panel connections on modal properties and vibration response induced by a single pedestrian walking is analysed and discussed.
20
Xue, Zexi, Zhouyun Chen, Qun Lin, and Ansheng Huang. "Quantifying the Synergy Between Industrial Structure Optimization, Ecological Environment Management, and Socio-Economic Development." Buildings 15, no. 14 (2025): 2469. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142469.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the context of the new developmental philosophy, this study aimed to address the bottleneck of regional sustainable development; it constructs a three-system evaluation indicator system for Industrial Structure Optimization (ISO), Ecological Environment Management (EEM), and Socio-economic Development (SED), based on panel data from 20 cities in the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone between 2011 and 2023. To reveal how the synergistic development of the three subsystems in different domains can achieve sustainable development through their interactions and to analyze the dynamic patterns of the three subsystems, this study employed the panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model to examine the interactions between subsystems. Additionally, drawing on the framework of evolutionary economics, the study quantified the temporal evolution and spatial characteristics of the coupling coordination level among the three subsystems based on the results of the degree of coupling coordination model. The results indicate the following: (1) ISO shows a significant upward trend, EEM slightly declines, and SED experiences minor fluctuations before accelerating. (2) ISO, EEM, and SED exhibited self-reinforcing effects. (3) The degree of coupling, coordination, and coupling coordination all exhibit a trend of “fluctuating and increasing initially, followed by steady growth”. The spatial patterns of the degree of coupling, coordination, and coupling coordination have shifted from “decentralized” to “centralized”, with clear signs of synergistic development. (4) The difference in the degree of coupling coordination along the north–south direction remained the primary factor contributing to inter-regional disparities. Regions with the higher degrees of coupling coordination were concentrated in the southeastern coastal areas, while those with the lower degrees of coupling coordination appeared in the northeastern mountainous areas and southwestern coastal areas. (5) The spatial connection in the strength of the degree of coupling coordination has gradually increased, with notable intra-provincial connections and weakened inter-city connections across the province. The study’s results provided decision-making references for the construction of a sustainable development community.
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He, Jia-Xuan, Zhao-Dong Xu, Lian-Yu Zhang, et al. "Shaking table tests and seismic assessment of a full-scale precast concrete sandwich wall panel structure with bolt connections." Engineering Structures 278 (March 2023): 115543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115543.
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Xiong, Feng, Hongyun Zou, and Yang Lu. "A macro element of demountable bolted steel-concrete composite connections for a novel prefabricated concrete sandwich wall panel structure." Engineering Structures 293 (October 2023): 116571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2023.116571.
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23
Nikolaev, V. N., V. F. Stepanova, and A. V. Mikhailova. "Innovative Energy-Saving Sandwich-Panels for Industrial Construction." Stroitel'nye Materialy 787, no. 12 (2020): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2020-787-12-47-51.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, large-panel housing construction occupies a leading position, both in terms of construction speed and sales, which contributes to an increase in the volume of precast concrete housing construction. Outdated series of large-panel houses do not meet modern requirements. Old faceless panel houses are gradually replaced by beautiful housing complexes with different types of facades. At present, in the technology of construction of panel houses from sandwich-panels, the relevant trend is to reduce the standard thickness of the facade layer of a three-layer sandwich-panel (GOST 31310–2015 “ Three-Layer Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels with Effective Insulation. General Technical Conditions”) from 70 mm to 40 mm or less. Panel houses require a reduction in metal consumption, material consumption and improvement of thermal characteristics. This requires the development and implementation of new materials. The use of such construction products made of composite materials as diagonal flexible composite connections, flexible mounting loops and composite reinforcement mesh will make it possible to reduce the thickness of the protective layer of concrete without compromising the stability of the structure under the influence of the external environment due to the high corrosion resistance of the composite, reduce the weight of the panel, reduce the cost of manufacturing a unit of panel, increase the energy efficiency of the panel, ensure long-term strength of enclosing structures – create an innovative energy-efficient reinforced concrete sandwich panel of the XXI century.
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Lin, Jau-Jr, and Yi-Da Tsai. "Flexible Low-Loss Thin Flimsy Stripline for High-Speed Connections." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (2022): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122218.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasing numbers of antennas are being placed inside laptop screen bezels. Connections between antennas and laptop bases have become challenging owing to space limitations. Thus, this paper proposes a flexible low-loss thin flimsy stripline structure for high-speed applications. The cable should be sufficiently thin to avoid causing a water ripple effect while under the screen panel. Furthermore, the cable should be sufficiently flexible to traverse the hinges between the laptop screen and base. This study aims to design a cable with a total thickness of less than 0.6 mm and an insertion loss of less than 10 dB/m at a frequency of 6 GHz. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a flexible material, can be used to meet these requirements. We simulate the characteristics of various PTFE layer thicknesses. The trend shows a thicker PTFE layer and lower insertion loss. Finally, we fabricate and test two structures with different thicknesses. Both thicknesses are less than 0.6 mm, and the insertion losses are less than 10 dB/m at 6 GHz. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design and fabrication process for these applications through simulations and measurements.
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Chen, W., F. Xiong, Y. Lu, et al. "Experimental Investigation of the Seismic Performance of a Novel Bolt-Assembled Precast Panel Building Structure." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 13, no. 03n04 (2019): 1940008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431119400086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, the authors investigated the behavior of the proposed bolt-assembled precast panel building (BPPB) system under the simulated seismic loading through a large experimental campaign. A pseudo-static test was carried out on a two-story half-scale building specimen constructed by many individual precast components which were properly joined together with bolted connections. The results show that the building specimen had the good seismic performance with high bearing capacity, comparable energy dissipation capacity and perfect structural integrity. The crack pattern and failure mode of the building specimen are different from those of traditional cast-in-situ concrete structures and equivalent cast-in-situ precast concrete structures. The final damage was concentrated in the bolted joint zones, a shear failure occurred in the edge of concrete panel near the bolt holes. It results in that the traditional design approaches of concrete shear wall cannot be applied to this new system. Therefore, the design philosophy and design formulas were proposed for the bolt-connected precast concrete panels to ensure the ductility of the panels and further improving the seismic performance of the BPPB system. The design theory of the bolt-connected precast concrete panels was validated by the successful prediction of the building specimen’s flexural capacity.
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Jerome, Trevor. "Variability in measured resonance frequencies and loss factors of a bolted panel structure." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 267, no. 1 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/no_2023_0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Structural bolted joints are not perfectly contiguous or rigid. Instead, the joint stiffness, mass, and damping depend on many parameters including the joint thickness, number and size of bolts, the bolt preload, and the motion of the jointed region. Also, damping can vary with motion type (stick-slip for friction and impact for joint opening and closing) and amplitude. Finally, all joint dynamic parameters vary from installation to installation. We measured the variability of bolted joint stiffness and damping for four low-order modes of a bolted Aluminum panel structure - two flexural modes and two twisting/torsional modes. While a large portion of the bolted joint literature features a lap joint or an assembly of two beams, there are few studies dealing with flanged connections of plates. Two flanged rectangular panels were bolted together with two cap screws threaded into one of the flanges. Modal resonance frequencies and loss factors were tracked throughout a decaying vibration response induced by hammer impacts on the structure. Measurements were made for three bolt torques and two flange thicknesses, three impact force strengths, and three repeated assemblies (the panel was unbolted and bolted together again). Relative motion at the joint with respect to mode shape determines whether the joint primarily adds stiffness or mass, as well as the amount of added damping. Not surprisingly, reducing bolt preload reduces resonance frequencies. Only minor variability in resonance frequency and loss factor were observed for most conditions, except for cases with low bolt preload. In these cases mild nonlinearity is evident in the response, where resonance frequency decreases and loss factor increases with increasing vibration amplitude. Also, variability of resonance frequencies and loss factors between installations often exceeds that due to variability in preload and vibration amplitude.
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H. Maneetes and A. M. Memari. "Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Cladding Panels H." Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering 9 (June 1, 2009): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56748/ejse.9118.
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Architectural precast concrete cladding systems are considered non-load bearing wall systems and are designed primarily to transfer their self-weight and out-of-plane lateral loads to the supporting building structure. They are typically not designed for significant structural in-plane forces resulting from cladding-structure interaction. In fact, modern earthquake-resistant design requires that these cladding panels be isolated from the lateral force-resisting system. Finite element technique was employed to study precast concrete panels and special modeling strategies were developed for panel connections to the structural frame. The precast concrete panel was designed to participate in the building lateral force-resisting. Finite element modeling techniques were adopted to better understand the strength and stiffness characteristics of these concrete cladding panels subjected to significant in-plane loading. Good correlation was obtained between finite element modeling results and existing experimental results. The analytical results were used to develop a simplified mathematical model that can be incorporated into suitable building models to evaluate its performance as a lateral force-resisting system to withstand earthquake-induced lateral loads.
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Zdražilová, Michaela, Zdeněk Sokol, and Martina Eliášová. "Simple Laminated Glass Panels with Embedded Point Connection under Short-Term Load." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (2021): 022079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022079.
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Abstract Glass is a very attractive material for contemporary architecture. The trend is to achieve a maximum transparency of structures; therefore it becomes common to use glass as a material for load-bearing structural elements. Glass facades, roofs, beams or columns are widely used in buildings. The problematic part of a glass structure design is the connection between the glass pieces or between the glass elements and substructures from another material (e.g. steel, concrete etc.). The connection must be capable of bearing the stresses performing during the lifetime period and it should be as unobtrusive as possible at the same time. The ongoing research at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Czech Technical University in Prague is focused on an embedded laminated point connection for glass structures. Within this research, the real-scale glass panels were tested. The samples consisted of two glass plies bonded with the EVA foil. For the undrilled ply, the float glass was used in all cases. The thermally toughened or the heat strengthened glass was used for the pre-drilled ply. There was one embedded steel countersunk bolt with HDPE liners placed in each corner of the sample. During the experiment, the samples were horizontally placed using the embedded bolts. The load-bearing capacity of the six tested specimens was determined. The load was applied in several loading and unloading cycles until the collapse of the first embedded connection. If the glass panel failed before the connection, the sample was completely unloaded and then the load was gradually increasing until the collapse of the connection. Vertical deflection and the stresses at two different points were measured during the loading cycles. The humidity and the temperature were also monitored. The experiment showed the way of collapse and a short-term load-bearing capacity of a laminated glass panel with four embedded point connections.
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Kabir, Mohammad Zaman, Parisa Shadan, and Hossein Kabir. "A numerical and experimental study on the dynamical behavior of 3D-Panel Wall on Piloti RC Frame." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 4 (2018): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-09-2017-0053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamical behavior of a combined three-story building with a 3D panel wall system including a soft story irregularity at the very first floor by doing a shaking table test. The upper two stories of the model were made out of the 3D panel system, while the first story was constructed only with moment-resisting RC frames. Design/methodology/approach Besides the experimental program, the numerical finite element method was implemented for the verification of the experimental results. In the experimental study, the building responses including the floors’ accelerations and drifts were considered, and the seismically vulnerable zones were reported and compared with that provided by the implemented FEM-based program. Findings After the shaking table test, the major cracks appeared at the end of each column and beam-column connections. Some negligible cracks were also visible around the beam-panel connections. However, no crack was seen in the upper stories. The lateral deformation of the studied building was investigated under the applied ELC25 and NGH135 earthquakes. Under the both aforementioned ground motion records, the first story drift was larger than two upper stories, since the moment-resisting frame was a soft story. The hysteretic relation between the shear and displacement for each story was studied. Under the applied ELC25 earthquake, the system remains linear and the stiffness of each story is obtainable as well. Originality/value This is the first time when the dynamical behavior of a combined system is studied and tested experimentally and numerically for data validation. Regarding the response of the assumed combined structure, the 3D panel system has a remarkable rigidity with respect to the conventional RC frames, also 3D panels have less weight than the moment-resisting frames.
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Bidakov, Andrii, Ieugeniy Raspopov, Oksana Pustovoitova, and Bogdan Strashko. "STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF GLUED-IN STEEL RODS WITH DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN CLT PANELS CROSS SECTION." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 53 (2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.53.1888.
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New types of wood based building materials to which the CLT refers require an accurate evaluation of the strength of varioustypes of connections. CLT panels connections with glued-in steel rods are of interest due to the possibility of creating quickmounted and rigid joints in the factory. Since the CLT have the structure of the perpendicular orientated boards in adjacentlayers, the strength and behaviour of the pasted rods is difficult to predict. The purpose of this study was to establish thestrength of the glued-in rods by pull-pull tests with different locations relative to the boards layers in the cross-section of theCLT panel. Diameter of all considered steel rods was smaller than thick of timber planks 30 mm in 5-lyers CLT specimenswithout gaps and stress relieves. Anchored length of rods in all specimens was 100 mm by using two component epoxy adhesive system.
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MALESZA, Jaroslaw, Czeslaw MIEDZIALOWSKI, and Leonas USTINOVICHIUS. "Tests on full-scale and static analysis models of the wood-framed building stucture horizontaly loaded." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 6 (2017): 814–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1319411.
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This paper focuses on development of the high energy saving timber building and ecological technology protecting environment in civil engineering. Wood framed with sheathing, large panel structures became more popular building constructions in Poland last decade. Experimental tests and numerical analysis of panels and complete wood framed building have been taken into account. Typical two-story residential building was selected for test. Test of three dimensional (3D) whole building was conducted on the base of experimental investigations results of large panel similar to those used in building structure. Also adequate tests of materials and connections were accompanying of the whole structure investigations. Obtained results were adopted in numerical models elaborated for wall and floor panels and in 3D model of whole building. Load -displacements characteristics were acquired from tests and numerical models. The displacements computed from 3D numerical model were 10–20% higher than from experiment. Experimentally ob-tained lower displacements than those from analytical analysis are resulted from higher stiffness of wall system due to diaphragms interconnections, their common interaction and three-dimensional character of building structure. Presented research analyzed method of computation of internal forces in building as well in the range of engineering methods in the form of rigid beam scheme up to the advanced methods using 3D spatial model adopting FEM.
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Pradhan, Rudra P., Tamal Nath, Rana P. Maradana, and Ajoy K. Sarangi. "Innovation, Finance, and Economic Growth in OECD Countries: New Insights from a Panel Causality Approach." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 18, no. 04 (2021): 2150013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877021500139.
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In this paper, using a panel causality approach, we examine endogenous connections between financial development, innovation, and economic growth in OECD countries for the period 1961–2018. The empirical results of our study show that financial development and innovation support long-run economic growth and that the short-run dynamics facet the multifarious interconnections between financial development, innovation, and economic growth. The strategic insight drawn from this research is that to ensure sustainable economic growth, policy-makers in the OECD countries must pay attention to establishing an integrated structure that looks into co-improvement policies concerning the activities that enhance financial development, innovation, and economic growth.
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Ashwin, G. Hansora, and A. Ribadiya Bhavinkumar. "Parametric Study on Behaviour of RCC Flat Slab with Drop Panel and Without Drop Panel Subjected to Sudden Column Removal." Parametric Study on Behaviour of RCC Flat Slab with Drop Panel and Without Drop Panel Subjected to Sudden Column Removal 8, no. 11 (2023): 38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10245211.
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Progressive collapse causes the failure of primary structural member to propagate to the adjoining member, thus causing the collapse of the entire structure. The need to mitigate the impact of progressive collapse is necessary as it leads to catastrophic economic loss and causalities. The flat slab buildings are more prone to progressive collapse due to the absence of beams which are used to transfer the load initially resisted by the removed column. The main cause of failure in a flat slab building is the punching shear failure occurring at the slab column connections. The main objective of the analysis is to study the different force acting on building. To Study the progressive behavior of flat slab of G + 10 storey L and C shaped asymmetrical plan building for removal of column from different location (interior, exterior and corner). The progressive collapse analysis was carried out with the help of commercially available software named ETABs 16. The critical members were removed. The analysis was carried out by referring General Services Administration (GSA-2013, Revised 2016) and Unified Facility Criteria - Department of Defense (UFC - DoD- 2009, Revised 2016) guidelines. For flat slab without drop panel structure when longer side middle column is removed the maximum vertical deflection in L plan building is around 1/2 of maximum vertical deflection of C plan. Flat slab without drop panel structure when outer corner, inner corner and middle column removed maximum base shear in L plan building is around 1/2 of maximum base shear of C plan. From the analysis results it was found out that L plan and C plan buildings, L plan building performed better.Keywords:- Progressive Collapse, RC Frame, Flat Slab, Drop Panel, Linear Static Analysis, ETABS.
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Kalapodis, Nicos A. "Influence of Panel Zone Modeling on the Seismic Behavior of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames: A Numerical Study." Applied Mechanics 6, no. 1 (2025): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmech6010022.
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In the seismic design of steel moment-resisting frames (MRFs), the panel zone region can significantly affect overall ductility and energy-dissipation capacity. This study investigates the influence of panel zone flexibility on the seismic response of steel MRFs by comparing two modeling approaches: one with a detailed panel zone representation and the other considering fixed beam-column connections. A total of 30 2D steel MRFs (15 frames incorporating panel zone modeling and 15 frames without panel zone modeling) are subjected to nonlinear time–history analyses using four suites of ground motions compatible with Eurocode 8 (EC8) soil types (A, B, C, and D). Structural performance is evaluated at three distinct performance levels, namely, damage limitation (DL), life safety (LS), and collapse prevention (CP), to capture a wide range of potential damage scenarios. Based on these analyses, the study provides information about the seismic response of these frames. Also, lower-bound, upper-bound, and mean values of behavior factor (q) for each soil type and performance level are displayed, offering insight into how panel zone flexibility can alter a frame’s inelastic response under seismic loading. The results indicate that neglecting panel zone action leads to an artificial increase in frame stiffness, resulting in higher base shear estimates and an overestimation of the seismic behavior factor. This unrealistically increased behavior factor can compromise the accuracy of the seismic design, even though it appears conservative. In contrast, including panel zone flexibility provides a more realistic depiction of how forces and deformations develop across the structure. Consequently, proper modeling of the panel zone supports both safety and cost-effectiveness under strong earthquake events.
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Abdul Ghafar, Wahab, Zhong Tao, Yan Tao, Yingcheng He, Lei Wu, and Zhiqi Zhang. "Experimental and Numerical Study of an Innovative Infill Web-Strips Steel Plate Shear Wall with Rigid Beam-to-Column Connections." Buildings 12, no. 10 (2022): 1560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101560.
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Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) offer good energy dissipation capability when subjected to seismic forces as a robust lateral load resisting structure. This research investigated the cyclic behaviors of innovative infill web-strips (IWS-SPSW) and conventional unstiffened steel plate shear (USPSW) experimentally and numerically. As a result, two specimens of a 1:3 scale three-story single-bay IWS-SPSW and USPSW were fabricated and tested under cyclic lateral loading. Rigid moment-resistant connections were used for the steel plate shear wall beam-column connection. The steel shear walls with infill web strips showed high ductility and less shear load-bearing than the USPSW. The hysteresis results showed that the IWS-SPSW had high energy dissipation with no severe beam-columns damages. On the other hand, the USPSW displayed severe post-buckling, infill panel cracks, and first-floor column damages. Moreover, the IWS-SPSW shear strength did not fall in the test specimen beyond 2.5% average story drift, where the structure exhibited great seismic behavior. FE models were created and validated with experimental data. It has been proven that the infill web-strips can affect an SPSW system’s high performance and overall energy dissipation. From a parametric study, the material features of the infill web-strips, such as steel strength and thickness, can enhance the system’s impact even more.
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Uang, Chia-Ming, Qi-Song Yu, Ali Sadre, David Bonowitz, Nabih Youssef, and Jacqueline Vinkler. "Seismic Response of an Instrumented 13-Story Steel Frame Building Damaged in the 1994 Northridge Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 1 (1997): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585935.
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This paper summarizes a case study of a 13-story welded steel moment frame (WSMF) building affected by the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The building, which was instrumented, sustained extensive damage to its welded connections. Ground motion records from the basement and response records from the sixth and twelfth floors were available. Damage data was collected with post-earthquake inspection and testing of each joint. The primary objective of the study was to compare modeled behavior with recorded response in order to assess the value of present analytical tools and modeling techniques for predicting the distribution and severity of connection failures. Calculated elastic time-history displacements matched well with recorded displacements in the E-W direction, less so in the heavily-damaged N-S direction where the elastic model was unable to simulate fractured moment connections. In the elastic analyses, joint demand was represented by beam demand-capacity ratios (DCRs). The highest beam DCRs were concentrated between the second and seventh floors; these locations correlated strongly with observed damage. Inelastic time-history analyses improved the displacement match in the N-S direction. They also indicated that panel zone yielding would have controlled the intended ductile response. This study suggests that for a regular structure, current modeling and analysis tools for both elastic and inelastic analysis, while unable to simulate premature brittle fractures, can be useful for predicting in a probabilistic way the intensity and distribution of damage expected in moderate seismic events.
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Smirnov, P. N., and A. R. Salimullin. "Study of joints in wooden structures with glue and screw connections for stiffening diaphragms and disks in multi-story buildings." Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction 43, no. 4 (2024): 40–49. https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2024-4(43)-40-49.
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Introduction. The stiffness of prefabricated disks and diaphragms is considered a key parameter in designing multi-story buildings with wooden frames. Under the action of horizontal wind and seismic loads, the stiffness of wooden structures and their connections affects the distribution of forces among the structural elements and floors of the building. The stiffness and ductility of the joints in disks and diaphragms determine the dynamic characteristics of the building frame, such as the structural logarithmic decrement and damping ratio. The stiffness of vertical and horizontal joints influences the natural frequencies of multi-story buildings, while ductility affects the efficiency of energy dissipation during seismic events.Aim. To investigate the load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and ductility of joints with glue and screw connections for horizontal and vertical joints in stiffening diaphragms and disks in multi-story wooden buildings.Materials and methods. Following the methodologies outlined in State Standard 33082-2014, a comprehensive experimental study was conducted to assess the strength and deformation characteristics of connections using glued and screwed rods and joints based on them for inter-slab and inter-panel joints in stiffening diaphragms and disks made from laminated wood structures.Results. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness coefficients, and ductility of glue and screw connections with varying depths of screw rod insertion and joint connections for wooden disks and diaphragms were determined under various loading types (shear, tension, and compression).Conclusions. The analysis showed that the developed joints for wooden structures with glue and screw connections meet the requirements for high stiffness and can be utilized for joints in floor disks and wall diaphragms of multi-story wooden buildings. The obtained values of ductility coefficients for the tested joint connections indicate their capability to effectively dissipate energy during seismic impacts on the structure.
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Lombardo, Grazia. "The Seismic Coat: A Sustainable and Integrated Approach to the Retrofit of Existing Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116466.
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Within the EU’s environmental policy, redevelopment strategies must be designed by adopting an integrated approach. This approach considers energy savings in buildings and seismic safety as driving forces of economic growth. The recent technological evolution experienced by the construction sector has aimed to define a new building element, the seismic coat. This term refers to a structural “skin” that improves both the seismic safety and the energy efficiency of existing buildings according to standards identified by current regulations. With this regard, research was started with the aim of defining a sustainable seismic coat consisting of dry-assembled panels of natural stone blocks that are prestressed with the use of steel reinforcements. The experimentation carried out on the panel so far has shown significant results as the test building improved in terms of energy savings, seismic safety, sustainability, functionality, and aesthetic quality. By taking a case study of a 1960s building as reference, this paper highlights the findings obtained by the feasibility study of the panel, with a special focus on its technical and construction aspects, and to facilitate its manufacture with the use of industrialized processes. Furthermore, this research provides the installation procedures for the panel components and all relevant details regarding the connections with the existing structure of the building.
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Solomennikov, A. V., A. I. Tyukavin, N. A. Arseniev, I. V. Yankina, and A. A. Barykina. "Determination of functional relationships between calciuria and plasma calcium metabolism indices." Medical alphabet, no. 20 (November 2, 2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2024-20-46-50.
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In the presented work, the authors propose to use for the differential diagnosis of factors contributing to calciuria in personal observations the method of visualization of multidimensional relationships using a panel of ratios of laboratory parameters of water-electrolyte metabolism. The calculation of the ratio panel included plasma values: HCT (hematocrit), MSNS (hemoglobin concentration in erythrocyte), Na (sodium), K (potassium), Caобщ (total calcium), Cl (chlorides), F (phosphates), Kr (creatinine), Ur (urea). Along with these parameters, the following plasma parameters were determined: B-CrossLaps (osteolysis index), TP1NP (osteosynthesis index), VitD, parathyroid hormone, as well as urine pH and calcium. The results obtained, according to the authors, demonstrate the informativeness of the proposed method, which makes it possible to identify the leading complexes of bonds associated with calciuria in individual observations. At the same time, these complexes can differ significantly in their structure in different patients, finding their description in literary sources, thereby demonstrating their differential significance. The authors note that the different “images” of the connections accompanying calciuria established in this study do not exhaust all possible variants of the connections of laboratory parameters associated with the dynamics of calciuria, but as additional laboratory data of patients with various pathologies accumulate, the base of the general array can be significantly expanded. Based on the results obtained and their analysis, the authors conclude that the proposed approach is promising to use in the expert assessment of laboratory parameters as an auxiliary method in analyzing the obtained laboratory data in supporting decision-making and determining the goals of pharmacological correction of calcium metabolism disorders.
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Aleqab, Mahmoud Mohmad, and Thikryat Abdul Sattar Al-Zu'bi. "The influence of board of directors' characteristics on dividend distribution policies in Jordanian public shareholding companies." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 8, no. 3 (2025): 2607–13. https://doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i3.7059.
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This research explores how specific attributes of corporate boards affect dividend policy among listed companies in Jordan. Drawing on data from 77 non-financial firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange between 2015 and 2023, the study evaluates the impact of five core board characteristics: board size, board ownership, political connections, board independence, and gender diversity on dividend policy. A panel data regression model was employed to assess these relationships. The analysis revealed statistically significant positive effects of these governance features on dividend payout ratios. Additionally, liquidity and leverage demonstrated considerable influence, while firm size had no meaningful impact. The findings highlight the importance of board structure in shaping equitable dividend policies and offer practical implications for enhancing governance practices in emerging markets.
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Ilyas, Muhammad, Awais Ahmad, Abdullah Riaz, et al. "Review of Modeling Techniques for Analysis and Assessment of RC Beam–Column Joints Subjected to Seismic Loads." Materials 15, no. 21 (2022): 7448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217448.
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Beam–column connections are the most critical components of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. They serve as a load transfer path and take a significant portion of the overall shear. Joints in RC structures constructed with no seismic provisions have an insufficient capacity and ductility under lateral loading and can cause the progressive failure of the entire structure. The joint may fail in the shear prior to the connecting beam and column elements. Therefore, several modeling techniques have been devised in the past to capture the non-linear response of such joints. Modeling techniques used to capture the non-linear response of reinforced-concrete-beam–column joints range from simplified lumped plasticity models to detailed fiber-based finite element (FE) models. The macro-modeling technique for joint modeling is highly efficient in terms of the computational effort, analysis time, and computer memory requirements, and is one of the most widely used modeling techniques. The non-linear shear response of the joint panel and interface bond–slip mechanism are concentrated in zero-length linear and rotational springs while the connecting elements are modeled through elastic elements. The shear response of joint panels has also been captured through rigid panel boundary elements with rotational springs. The computational efficiency of these models is significantly high compared to continuum models, as each joint act as a separate supe-element. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review of macro-modeling techniques for the analysis and assessment of RC-beam–column connections subjected to lateral loads. A thorough understanding of existing models is necessary for developing new mechanically adequate and computationally efficient joint models for the analysis and assessment of deficient RC connections. This paper will provide a basis for further research on the topic and will assist in the modification and optimization of existing models. As each model is critically evaluated, and their respective capabilities and limitations are explored, it should help researchers to improve and build on modeling techniques both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.
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Ahmediev, S. K., D. T. Tokanov, M. Zh Bakirov, Sh Toleubayeva, T. Tolkynbayev, and I. Tashmukhanbetova. "ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE FLEXIBLE CONNECTIONS IN EXTERNAL THREE-LAYER WALL PANELS." Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 94, no. 4 (2024): 132–44. https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2024.4-10.
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In this paper, the technical problems of using the structures of their three-layer panels with flexible connections made of polymer materials are considered on the example of a residential complex under construction in Astana. The study of three-layer panels with flexible composite bonds was carried out as a result of the appearance of cracks with an opening width of acrc = 0.05-0.1 mm. The main purpose of the study was to establish the causes of cracking and to develop recommendations for the exclusion of such phenomena in the structures of three-layer panels with flexible composite bonds, which was carried out in the following directions: preparatory research (study of technical and design documentation, review of scientific and technical literature (sources) in this field of theory of buildings and structures); full-scale study of external wall three-layer panels with flexible polymer bonds (the actual strength of concrete was determined; the entire technological chain of creation and erection of the structure under study was traced (manufacture, transportation, installation in the design position); actual reinforcement of panels was established); performing panel verification calculations for various design situations (a total of six design calculation options) based on software the Lira CAD complex; identification of the main causes of cracks and development of recommendations for the elimination of future technical problems in the design, manufacture, transportation and installation of three-layer panels with flexible composite bonds.
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Liu, Wei, Lin He, Jikai Liu, et al. "Design Optimization of an Innovative Instrumental Single-Sided Formwork Supporting System for Retaining Walls Using Physics-Constrained Generative Adversarial Network." Buildings 15, no. 1 (2025): 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15010132.
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Single-sided formwork supporting systems (SFSSs) play a crucial role in the urban construction of retaining walls using cast-in-place concrete. By supporting the formwork from one side, an SFSS can minimize its spatial footprint, enabling its closer placement to boundary lines without compromising structural integrity. However, existing SFSS designs struggle to achieve a balance between mechanical performance and lightweight construction. To address these limitations, an innovative instrumented SFSS was proposed. It is composed of a panel structure made of a panel, vertical braces, and cross braces and a supporting structure comprising an L-shaped frame, steel tubes, and anchor bolts. These components are conducive to modular manufacturing, lightweight installation, and convenient connections. To facilitate the optimal design of this instrumented SFSS, a physics-constrained generative adversarial network (PC-GAN) approach was proposed. This approach incorporates three objective functions: minimizing material usage, adhering to deformation criteria, and ensuring structural safety. An example application is presented to demonstrate the superiority of the instrumented SFSS and validate the proposed PC-GAN approach. The instrumented SFSS enables individual components to be easily and rapidly prefabricated, assembled, and disassembled, requiring only two workers for installation or removal without the need for additional hoisting equipment. The optimized instrumented SFSS, designed using the PC-GAN approach, achieves comparable deformation performance (from 2.49 mm to 2.48 mm in maxima) and slightly improved component stress levels (from 97 MPa to 115 MPa in maxima) while reducing the total weight by 20.85%, through optimizing panel thickness, the dimensions and spacings of vertical and lateral braces, and the spacings of steel tubes. This optimized design of the instrumented SFSS using PC-GAN shows better performance than the current scheme, combining significant weight reduction with enhanced mechanical efficiency.
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Mansour, Marwan, Mo’taz Al Zobi, Mohammad Altawalbeh, Dheif Allah E’leimat, Ibrahim Alnohoud, and Ahmad Marei. "Relationship between Jordan’s corruption level and company capital structure." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 21, no. 2 (2024): 400–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(2).2024.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, corruption has become widespread, and firms' responses to corruption carry significant implications. The aim of this study is to check how corruption levels in Jordan influence the capital structure of 80 non-financial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) from 2013 to 2022. Capital structure is the main dependent variable, and corruption is the crucial variable analyzed as the independent factor. Control variables include company age, profitability, asset tangibility, company size, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), in addition to the inflation rate, to create a solid framework for analyzing this nexus. This quantitative research paper applies the fixed-effect (FE) estimation to examine the static model of the study and the generalized method of moment (GMM) for the dynamic model via panel data investigation encompassing 800 company-year observations. The R2 results explain 42.1% of the variations in capital structure level. Accordingly, a 1% upsurge in corruption is accompanied by a 0.0367-unit upsurge in the capital structure ratio. This response is interpreted through the lens of the shielding theory, suggesting that firms raise debt to protect themselves against the predations of corrupt officials. The analysis reveals meaningful connections between the control variables and the capital structure. Specifically, increases in tangibility, firm size, inflation, and GDP correspond to a 3.56%, 1.07%, 6.06%, and 2.143% increase in capital structure, respectively, indicating a positive influence. Conversely, the firm age and profitability variables show adverse effects on capital structure, with coefficients of –1.46% and –7.3%, respectively.
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An, Gyubaek, Jeongung Park, Mituru Ohata, and Fumiyoshi Minami. "Fracture Assessment of Weld Joints of High-Strength Steel in Pre-Strained Condition." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Unstable fractures tend to occur after ductile crack initiation or propagation. In most collapsed steel structures, a maximum 15% pre-strain was recorded, at the steel structural connections, during the great earthquake of 1995, in Japan. Almost-unstable fractures were observed in the beam-to-column connections, where geometrical discontinuities existed. Structural collapse and unstable failure occurred after large-scale plastic deformations. Ship structures can also suffer from unstable fractures in the welded joints. The fracture resistance of butt-welded joints subjected to tension in the pre-strained condition was estimated by considering the toughness deterioration, due to pre-strain and toughness correction for constraint loss in a tension specimen. The target specimen for this fracture assessment was a double-edged, through-thickness crack panel, with a crack in the weld joint (heat-affected zone (HAZ)). The critical fracture toughness value (crack tip opening displacement (CTOD)) of a large structure with pre-strain, which was applied to the HAZ region, was estimated from a small-scale, pre-stained, three-point bend specimen. Fracture toughness values, evaluated by a CTOD test, were recently mandated for shipbuilding steel plates. The critical fracture toughness value is a very useful parameter to evaluate the safety of huge ship structures.
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Chen, Wenwen, and Jihong Ye. "Simplified calculation model for load-bearing cold-formed steel composite walls under fire conditions." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 8 (2020): 1683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219899790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conventional simplified model only restricts the bending buckling around the minor axis and overall torsional buckling, which is not suitable for external sandwiched cold-formed steel composite walls. Moreover, a solution to stud–track connections must be achieved in establishing the overall structure model. In this article, a simplified calculation model is proposed to accurately and efficiently reveal the fire performance of cold-formed steel composite walls. A tension spring is adopted to simulate the boundary condition that limits the axial thermal expansion of the studs at elevated temperature. Meanwhile, the simplified applications of the panel constraints and stud–track connections are also given in details. Finite element analysis using the developed simplified calculation model is conducted to simulate five full-scale cold-formed steel composite walls with different configurations. Comparisons between the finite element analysis and fire test results show an overall agreement on the failure modes, cold flange temperatures and lateral deflections at mid-height of the studs. These results demonstrate that the developed simplified calculation model is able to simulate the fire performance and predict the lateral deflection of the external sandwiched cold-formed steel composite walls accurately. Finally, the key factors affecting the lateral deflection of the studs are analysed.
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Solikin, Andi, and Kuwat Slamet. "Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Struktur Kepemilikan, Dan Kebijakan Dividen Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak." Jurnal Pajak dan Keuangan Negara (PKN) 3, no. 2 (2022): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/jpkn.v3i2.1521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tax revenue in the construction services sector only contributes 6.72%, whereas this sector has a proportion of 14.1% of Indonesia's GDP. This study aims to determine the effect of political connections, ownership structure, and dividend policy on tax aggressiveness in the construction services sector. The analysis in this study uses 10 samples of construction services sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 – 2019, with a total of 50 observations. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria, while the tax aggressiveness variable was measured using the Effective Tax ratio (ETR). This research was conducted using the multiple-regression analysis method using panel data. The results showed that political relations did not affect tax avoidance, while concentrated ownership structure and dividend policy had a significant positive effect on tax aggressiveness. Penerimaan pajak di bidang jasa konstruksi hanya memberikan kontribusi sebesar 6,72%, padahal sektor ini memiliki proporsi sebesar 14,1% terhadap PDB Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh koneksi politik, struktur kepemilikan, dan kebijakan dividen terhadap agresivitas pajak di bidang jasa konstruksi. Analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 10 sampel perusahaan subsektor jasa konstruksi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2015 – 2019, dengan total 50 observasi. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditentukan, sedangkan variabel agresivitas pajak diukur dengan menggunakan Effective Tax ratio (ETR). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analisis regresi berganda menggunakan data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koneksi politik tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak, sedangkan struktur kepemilikan terkonsentrasi dan kebijakan dividen berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap agresivitas pajak.
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Yang, Deshan, and Zhongfan Chen. "Seismic performance of light wood shear wall infilled timber frame structures with openings." BioResources 19, no. 2 (2024): 2916–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.2.2916-2934.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To study the seismic performance of wood frame structures filled with light wood shear walls, three full-size single-layer single span wooden frame structures with infill walls were designed and manufactured. The beams and columns were connected by mortise-tenon joints, and quasi-static tests were conducted on the specimens under reversed cyclic load. The failure modes and load-displacement hysteresis performance of structures with door opening infill wall, window opening infill wall, and solid infill wall were investigated. The seismic performance was analyzed using indicators such as strength, ductility, and equivalent viscous damping ratio. The failure modes of light wood frame filling walls were the tearing of sheathing panel and the failure of nail connections. The filled wall with the opening initially exhibited inclined cracks at the corner of the opening, and then they extended to the periphery. Compared with the solid filled wall, the positive and negative bearing capacity of the structure with door opening decreased, and that of the structure with window opening decreased also. Because the specimens with opening in the filled wall were more conducive to the deformation of the structure when the bearing capacity was not significantly reduced, the ductility of the specimen with door opening was the highest.
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Takano, Takamasa, Satoru Kuramochi, and Hobie Yun. "3D IPD on Thru Glass Via Substrate using panel Manufacturing Technology." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (2017): 000097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-tp41_060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As electronic products become smaller and thinner with increasing number of functions, the demand for high density and high integration becomes stronger. Glass has many properties that make it an ideal substrate for high integration substrate such as; ultra high resistivity, adjustable thermal expansion (CTE) high modulus, low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and manufacturability with large panel sizes. Multi-bands with carrier aggregation, Wi-Fi/GPS coexistence, and LTE-U make RF front end more and more complicated. 3D IPD (integrated passive devices) on Glass substrate technology could be advantage solution include reducing power consumption and small form factor. This paper presents a demonstration of 3D RF front end filters using 3D solenoid inductors with through glass vias (TGV) and Cu-SiN-Cu MIM structure on Gen1 glass substrate (300mm × 400mm) panel format using color filter manufacturing line for flat panel display. For inductors, drastic performance (size and low resistance therefore high-quality factor) improvement have been demonstrated by technology evolutions from 3D solenoid using TGV with conformal Cu plating method, achieving low resistance of 3.1mohm per 70um diameter TGV on a 400um thick glass panel. This low-resistance TGV with 2.7mOhm/sq TGV connections on both sides of the glass substrate, record high inductor quality factor of 39 was obtained at 2.5GHz using five and half turn inductor of 7.9nH inductance, For capacitors, we have successfully integrated a Cu MIM (metal-insulator-metal) structure by using 15um thick Cu plates and dielectric, resulting in high capacitance density of 0.26nF/mm2 for RF application. By integrating TGV inductor-first and MIM capacitor-next, high-performance and high-density LC components are synthesized to perform as RF front end filters such as low-pass filters, diplexers, triplexers, and multiplexers. The 3D inductors, Cu MIM, LC resonators and filters were successfully integrated using glass panel manufacturing infrastructure for the first time. Process characterization and process control monitors were evaluated at the panel level to address high-volume and high-yield manufacturability of RF filters with the unprecedented filter performance in terms of insertion loss and out of band rejections in smaller form factor than any other technologies have achieved so far. Furthermore, the TGV filters were mounted on electrical evaluation boards as well as JEDEC standard testing boards to check any device-level, chip-level, and board-level reliabilities associated with glass or TGV materials as well as their interaction with Cu, SiN, polymer inter layer dielectric materials, and solder joints, showing no performance degradations during thermal cycling, drop shock, bending, or high-power testing situations.
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Akbar, Junaid, Naveed Ahmad, and Bashir Alam. "SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON HAUNCH RETROFITTED REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES." NED University Journal of Research 3, Special Issue on First SACEE'19 (2019): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35453/nedjr-stmech-2019-0034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shaking table tests were performed on five one-third reduced scale two storey reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames having construction defects (using low strength concrete without confining ties in beam-column joints, larger tie spacing, and reduced longitudinal and transverse reinforcements). The deficient frames were observed to have severe joint damageability, resulting in joint panel cover spalling and core concrete crushing. Haunch retrofitting technique was adopted to upgrade the seismic behaviour of deficient RC frames. Additional four deficient RC frames were built and retrofitted with steel haunch; both axially stiffer and deformable with energy dissipation, fixed to the beam-column connections to reduce shear demand on joint panels. The as-built and retrofitted frame seismic response modification factor (R) was calculated and compared to evaluate the viability of the haunch retrofitting technique. The haunch retrofitting technique increased the lateral stiffness and strength of the structure, resulting in the increase of structure overstrength. The retrofitting increased R factor by sixty percent to one hundred percent. The presented results indicate that the technique can significantly enhance the seismic performance of deficient RC frames, particularly against the frequent and rare earthquake events.