Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Participatory-Consumer approach"

In light of the current debate on the impact of our current food system on climate change and related mitigation strategies, addressing the acceptance of sustainability aspects within consumer behavioral issues is of vital importance. However, the field remains mute on how those strategies can be designed and employed effectively to stimulate sustainable food consumption behavior. Immersive narrative design is a promising approach to engaging consumers in this context. Within this study, we shed light on how to create immersive, impactful, interactive narratives in augmented reality (AR) together with consumers. We propose a novel approach to how those stories can be planned, utilizing participatory design methods. Within a step-wise process, we develop the storyboard together with consumers. In the next step, we evaluate multiple approaches with AR application developers on how this storyline can be enhanced in AR considering the perspective of various stakeholders like developers, behavioral scientists, and consumers. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for how immersive narratives can be designed and validated in a collaborative, multidimensional approach for impactful AR narrative content designs to stimulate sustainable food behavior for consumers.

Objective – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ways rice producers work with other stakeholders to maximize business potential of rice agribusiness by identifying problems, suggesting solutions, and developing a stakeholders’ participatory framework as a guideline tool for the implementation. Methodology/Technique – We conducted a mixed method of qualitative and quantitative research, which was structured in accordance with participatory processes. First, we identified rice agribusiness underlying problem from the supply side through interview to the rice producer and retail observation; and from the demand side by assessing consumer preference through focus group discussion followed by survey to 396 respondents using conjoint analysis. Then, we held stakeholders dialogue involving 56 farmers and 17 cooperative employees. Findings – This research identified key stakeholders and the way they participate in 3 areas of rice agribusiness, i.e., rice production, skill and knowledge, and marketing strategy to position the authentic characteristics of Pandan Wangi rice from West Java, Indonesia with Geographical Indication certification as signal of quality for its target market. Novelty – This paper contributes a different approach of stakeholders’ participatory framework by focusing on the specific area of participation in rice category. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: M31, Q13 Keywords: Consumer Preference; Geographical Indication; Participatory Framework; Rice Producer; Stakeholders Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Purwanegara, M.S; Garnida, N; Kusumawati, N. (2021). Stakeholders’ Participatory Framework in Rice Agribusiness, Journal of Business and Economics Review, 5(4) 59–68. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2021.5.4(6)

This article provides a discussion on the use of an alternative paradigm towards a cross-fertilization of CCT and macromarketing. Researchers at the intersection of CCT and macromarketing can benefit from both research traditions’ relative strength: the deep sociocultural focus of CCT and the structural lens of Macromarketing. To facilitate this dialogue, the authors propose an innovative and inclusive approach to research design and data collection. More specifically, the action research paradigm that is driven by an agenda for an egalitarian participation into the social sphere, a multidimensional wellbeing, and a reflexive social change is introduced. The discussion on an action research-driven research design and methodology also builds upon the key insights of Macromarketing and CCT traditions and offers a detailed framework for researchers who wish to bring an alternative and fresh look into a CCT/Macromarketing alliance.

This article considers the cultural and social aspects of disability through a critical review of marketing research. Two main issues are explored. First, how do these works portray consumers with disabilities? Two profiles become apparent: the passive consumers who are targeted by the construction of offers that are adapted to their needs and the more active consumers who wish to play an active role within the marketplace. Second, does this academic research process have a participatory approach that includes the involvement of consumers with disabilities? After defining participatory research, we show that a minority of works applied this approach and discuss the methodological problems involved in its use. Possible future research avenues are then raised to improve this approach and thus attain a better understanding of the consumer with disabilities.

SummaryObjectives: We describe an innovative community-centered participatory design approach, Consumer-centered Participatory Design (C2PD), and the results of applying C2PD to design and develop a web-based fall prevention system.Methods: We conducted focus groups and design sessions with English- and Spanish-speaking community-dwelling older adults. Focus group data were summarized and used to inform the context of the design sessions. Descriptive content analysis methods were used to develop categorical descriptions of design session informant’s needs related to information technology.Results: The C2PD approach enabled the assessment and identification of informant’s needs of health information technology (HIT) that informed the development of a falls prevention system. We learned that our informants needed a system that provides variation in functions/content; differentiates between actionable/non-actionable information/structures; and contains sensory cues that support wide-ranging and complex tasks in a varied, simple, and clear interface to facilitate self-management.Conclusions: The C2PD approach provides community-based organizations, academic researchers, and commercial entities with a systematic theoretically informed approach to develop HIT innovations. Our community-centered participatory design approach focuses on consumer’s technology needs while taking into account core public health functions.Citation: Lucero RJ, Sheehan B, Yen P-Y, Velez O, Nobile-Hernandez DL, Tiase VL. Identifying consumer’s needs of health hnformation technology through an innovative participatory design approach among English-and Spanish-speaking urban older adults. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 943–957http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-07-RA-0058

Abstract Can the Terms of Policies of social media platforms be made more comprehensible, transparent, and consumer-friendly? Dreyer and Ziebarth suggest that “participatory transparency,” based in the community of users, can help overcome contractual complexity and legal jargon while increasing user awareness. They recommend the use of autonomous bodies of third-party users to crowd-source platform-specific suggestions for improvements, and to translate terms and provisions into practical pointers. Implementation may be slow because platform providers may resist this approach, but the authors argue that the process has many benefits for the providers as well.

Water safety planning is an approach to ensure safe drinking-water access through comprehensive risk assessment and water supply management from catchment to consumer. However, its uptake remains low in rural areas. Participatory mapping, the process of map creation for resource management by local communities, has yet to be used for rural water safety planning. In this mixed methods study, to evaluate the validity of participatory mapping outputs for rural water safety planning and assess community understanding of water safety, 140 community members in Siaya County, Kenya, attended ten village-level participatory mapping sessions. They mapped drinking-water sources, ranked their safety and mapped potential contamination hazards. Findings were triangulated against a questionnaire survey of 234 households, conducted in parallel. In contrast to source type ranking for international monitoring, workshop participants ranked rainwater’s safety above piped water and identified source types such as broken pipes not explicitly recorded in water source typologies often used for formal monitoring. Participatory mapping also highlighted the overlap between livestock grazing areas and household water sources. These findings were corroborated by the household survey and subsequent participatory meetings. However, comparison with household survey data suggested participatory mapping outputs omitted some water sources and landscape-scale contamination hazards, such as open defecation areas or flood-prone areas. In follow-up visits, participant groups ranked remediation of rainwater harvesting systems as the most acceptable intervention to address hazards. We conclude that participatory mapping can complement other established approaches to rural water safety planning by capturing informally managed source use and facilitating community engagement.

Child care offers an ideal setting to promote more healthful eating through nutrition education. However, many child care providers lack knowledge about nutrition and receive infrequent nutrition training. Although web-based training shows promise as a way to address this, most current trainings focus on information provision rather than direct skills training that promotes hands-on, experiential learning. The present study describes the development of nutrition education videos using a participatory action research (PAR) approach that has been successful in generating research evidence to address community-based challenges. This approach involves four major phases: (1) external consumer influence, (2) consumer-empowered team, (3) the research process, and (4) provider-valued outcomes. A case report design is used to describe the development of six nutrition education videos for child care providers (e.g., teaching taste, texture, and color; teaching nutritional benefits; teaching portion size). One hundred and fourteen providers, parents, and public health professionals viewed the videos. Results showed that the vast majority found the videos to be helpful or very helpful for instructing adults to teach children about nutrition. The videos were made publically available on a website ( http://TeachKidsNutrition.org ), and as of 1 year of being posted, the website had more than 4,919 visitors across the United States and internationally. Lessons learned throughout this process are discussed. The development of these videos using PAR presents a promising approach to assure that child care providers receive hands-on, experiential learning in nutrition education. Furthermore, this approach may contribute to obesity prevention efforts among child care providers.

The last few years have seen an exponential development of urban agriculture projects within global North countries, especially professional intra-urban farms which are professional forms of agriculture located within densely settled areas of city. Such projects aim to cope with the challenge of sustainable urban development and today the sustainability of the projects is questioned. To date, no set of criteria has been designed to specifically assess the environmental, social and economic sustainability of these farms at the farm scale. Our study aims to identify sustainability objectives and criteria applicable to professional intra-urban farms. It relies on a participatory approach involving various stakeholders of the French urban agriculture sector comprising an initial focus group, online surveys and interviews. We obtained a set of six objectives related to environmental impacts, link to the city, economic and ethical meaning, food and environmental education, consumer/producer connection and socio-territorial services. In addition, 21 criteria split between agro-environmental, socio-territorial and economic dimensions were identified to reach these objectives. Overall, agro-environmental and socio-territorial criteria were assessed as more important than economic criteria, whereas food production was not mentioned. Differences were identified between urban farmers and decision makers, highlighting that decision makers were more focused on projects’ external sustainability. They also pay attention to the urban farmer agricultural background, suggesting that they rely on urban farmers to ensure the internal sustainability of the farm. Based on our results, indicators could be designed to measure the sustainability criteria identified, and to allow the sustainability assessment of intra-urban farms.

To increase the diversity in the food system from seed to fork, participatory on-farm breeding schemes have been proposed. For participatory on-farm breeding schemes to be successful, consumers need to be willing to compensate farmers for their efforts in breeding and in diversifying their cultivation. Using vegetables as an example, we investigated whether consumers of four selected European countries liked the idea of having farmers breed their own varieties and whether they would be willing to pay a premium for farmers’ as compared to standard varieties in a supermarket setting. The data was collected in an online survey and a willingness to pay was elicited using a contingent valuation approach. After providing respondents with information about the problem (diversity loss), solution (on-farm breeding), and the benefits of farmers’ varieties, consumers’ acceptance was very high and consumers were willing to pay a small premium. Our findings suggest that farmers’ varieties can be appealing to a wide range of consumers if the appropriate information is provided, as they not only address the increasing demand for more sustainable products but also for more food diversity and tasty products. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine consumer preferences for farmers’ varieties for food system diversity.

La viticulture, comme toute autre activité agricole, a des impacts sur l’environnement mais au fil du temps les préoccupations environnementales s’intensifient et les vignerons sont amenés à changer de pratiques afin d’intégrer de nouveaux critères dans leurs systèmes agricoles. Les consommateurs de leur côté, sont de plus en plus sensibles à ces sujets environnementaux, ils sont concernés par l’impact de leurs achats et montrent une préoccupation des effets de l’agriculture sur la santé et l’environnement. Une piste pour changer de pratiques agricoles et pour intégrer de nouveaux acteurs dans les systèmes sont les démarches participatives. Celles-ci incluent souvent des chercheurs et des producteurs mais à aujourd’hui, peu de démarches se sont intéressées à intégrer les consommateurs dans la réflexion que les viticulteurs ont sur l’intégration de pratiques plus respectueuses de l’environnement dans leurs vignobles Cette thèse a donc développée une démarche participative avec des viticulteurs, consommateurs et chercheurs en plusieurs étapes (diagnostic, validation, mise en place d’ateliers ). Nos travaux montrent que ces démarches peuvent donner lieu à des échanges constructifs entre ces acteurs. Cependant, la difficulté à mobiliser les acteurs professionnels et leurs divergences d’intérêts au niveau collectif et individuel ainsi que le manque de connaissances des consommateurs, peuvent entraver ce type de processus. De plus, il semble essentiel de coupler les réflexions sur le déploiement de pratiques à celle de leur valorisation et communication auprès des consommateurs, afin de sensibiliser ces derniers aux enjeux environnementaux dans les vignobles et soutenir ce changement de pratiques dans le temps
Viticulture, like any other agricultural activity, has impacts on the environment, but over time,environmental concerns have intensified, and winemakers have changed their practices to integrate new criteria into their farming systems. Consumers, on their side, are more and more sensitive to these environmental issues, they are concerned about the impact of their purchases and show concern about the effects of agriculture on health and the environment. One way to change agricultural practices and to integrate new actors into the systems is through participatory approaches. These often include researchers and producers, but to date few approaches have been interested in integrating consumers into the reflection that winegrowers have on the integration of more environmentally friendly practices in their vineyards.This thesis has therefore developed a participatory approach with winegrowers, consumers and researchers in several stages (diagnosis, validation, implementation of workshops). However, the difficulty in mobilizing professional actors and their divergent interests at the collective and individual levels, as well as the lack of knowledge of consumers, can hinder this type of process. Moreover, it seems essential to couple the reflections on the deployment of practices with that of their promotion and communication to consumers to make them aware of the environmental issues in the vineyards and to support this change in practices over time

This doctoral thesis is a practice-led and corporate-grounded enquiry into the role of design research methods in a global technology company. The work aims to understand and communicate through a series of case studies how locally conducted participatory action research can be integrated into the processes of an in-house design team at the global NCR Corporation. It questions the current approaches taken in the design and development of consumer transaction technologies in the context of a global organisation and new markets. The thesis starts by introducing the reader to the global corporation in which the study is focused and author employed, the NCR Corporation. The contextual grounding of the corporate environment, its heritage, history and continued evolution will illustrate the dynamic yet traditional role design has played within the corporation. As a senior member of the Consumer Experience Design (Cx Design) team in the corporation the author is well placed to evaluate the role of design and how it can evolve. The immediate contextualisation is then followed by a broad examination of the literature in the field of design in a corporate culture, research methods and socially-led innovation. This will define the boundaries of interest and influence in the thesis. A participatory action research approach was taken to address the research questions. Informed by a series of hyperlocal and global community engagements framed and directed from within the corporate culture, the author defines an understanding of the levels of community engagement through design research. The resulting outputs are then applied within the context of the NCR Corporation where the impact and influence on such engagements can be understood. The author concludes that his contribution to new knowledge, the development of a Participatory Action Based Strategic Design Process, can be applied within a global technology company. The process adapts McNiff’s and Whitehead’s (2011) seven phases of action research reporting and Ravi Chhatpar’s strategic decision-making process. The thesis demonstrates the value and influence of design research methods in the design of consumer transaction technologies. The thesis provides an understanding of how design research methods have been applied in a corporate environment, how the insights are applied, and demonstrates how the research has influenced the author’s practice and therefore the wider Cx Design group.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recently, Participatory action research (PAR) has become a common approach to social programmes in South Africa. This tendency has created a need to evaluate this kind of programmes to determine if it really achieves what it sets out to do. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an entrepreneurial skills training programme in a rural community where a participatory action research approach was followed. A literature review was undertaken to present an in-depth look into the body of literature that surrounds the study. Programme evaluation was discussed as a research design, including types and stages of evaluation. The concept of empowerment was investigated. The review also included a study of literature on PAR, especially the definitions, context and process of PAR. The role of entrepreneurship in rural development was also investigated as well as the evaluation of entrepreneurial skills training programmes. An entrepreneurial skills training programme was implemented in the rural town of Darling on the West Coast of South Africa. The PAR approach was followed in the implementation of the study that was conducted over a period of 15 months. Participants joined the programme that included different projects, voluntarily. The participants were divided into three groups according to their period of participation in the programme. The researcher facilitated actions as well as reflection meetings with the group of participants before and after the entrepreneurial skills training course. The researcher made field notes during the implementation of the programme. The participants' empowerment status was measured with a standardized questionnaire using a pre-test-post-test design. The participants' application of the entrepreneurial skills that were taught in the course was measured during semi-structured interviews at the end of the research perico. four case studies document the extremes of the respective outcomes of the programme, namely empowerment and entrepreneurship. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant improvements in the micro, macro and total empowerment scores of the total group. Looking at the three groups separately, group one showed statistically significant improvements on the micro and interface levels and group two on the micro level. Even though group three showed small improvements on all three levels, none of them were statistically significant. Data from the field notes wer:e analyzed according to the PAR concepts of participation, action and reflection. Participation mostly had a collaborative nature; action was aimed at economical change and reflection aimed at practical problem solving. The interviews revealed that 20 of the 24 participants had micro baking businesses at the end of the research period and they succeeded in the short-term goal of applying the skills that were taught in the course. The case studies showed no correlation between the participants' application of entrepreneurial skills and the changes in their empowerment status. The findings of the study suggest that the longer participants participate in a PAR programme, the bigger the improvement in their empowerment status will be. Monitoring of the implementation revealed that the study fell short of the "ideal type" of PAR, since participation was not yet collegiate. Actions were only effective in economic change and not in social transformation. Reflection resulted in limited critical self-awareness among the participants. The PAR approach has proven to be successful in the attainment of the short-term goals of an entrepreneurial skills training programme. The long-term sustainability of the entrepreneurs' businesses will have to be followed-up by further research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afgelope tyd is deelnemende aksie navorsing (DAN)'n algemene benadering tot sosiale intervensie programme in Suid-Afrika. Hierdie tendens het 'n behoefte laat ontstaan om hierdie tipe programme te evalueer om te bepaal of dit werklik die program doelwitte bereik. Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n entrepreneursvaardighede opleidingsprogram in 'n landelike gemeenskap waar die DAN-benadering gevolg is, te evalueer. 'n Literatuuroorsig is onderneem om die konseptueie raamwerk wat vir die studie saamgestel is, te kan beredeneer. Programevaluering, insluitende tipes and stadia van evaluering, is bespreek as 'n navorsingsontwerp. Die konsep van bemagtiging is ook bestudeer. Die oorsig het 'n ook studie van literatuur oor DAN ingesluit, veral definisies, die konteks en die proses van DAN. Die rol van entrepreneurskap in landelike ontwikkeling is 00~ ondersoek sowel as die evaluering van opleidingsprogramme gemik op die ontwikkeling van entrepreneursvaardighede. 'n Entrepreneursvaardighede opleidingsprogram is in 'n landelike dorpie, Darling, aan die Weskus van Suid-Afrika geïmplementeer. Oor 'n periode van 15 maande is die DAN-benadering in die implementering van die program gevolg. Deelnemers het vrywillig by die program wat uit verskillende projekte bestaan het, aangesluit. Die deelnemers is na aanleiding van hul tydperk van deelname in die program in drie groepe verdeel. Die navorser het aksies sowel as refleksie byeenkomste met die groep deelnemers voor en na die entrepreneursvaardighede opleidingskursus gefasiliteer. Die navorser het veldnotas tydens die implementering van die program gemaak. Die deelnemers se bemagtigingstatus is gemeet met 'n gestandaardiseerde vraelys terwyl 'n voor-en-na-toets ontwerp gevolg is. Die deelnemers se toepassing van die entrepreneursvaardighede wat in die kursus geleer is, is tydens semigestruktureerde onderhoude aan die einde van die navorsingsperiode gemeet. Vier gevallestudies dokumenteer die uiterstes van die onderskeidelike uitkomste van die program, naamlik bemagtiging en entrepreneurskap. Statistiese analise het statisties betekenisvolle verbeteringe in die mikro, makro en totale bemagtigingsvlakke van die totale groep getoon. Afsonderlik gesien, het groep een statisties betekenisvolle verbeteringe op die mikro en tussenvlak getoon en groep twee net op die mikrovlak. Alhoewel groep drie klein verbeteringe op al drie vlakke getoon het, was geen van die verbeteringe statisties betekenisvol nie. Data van die veldnotas is volgens DAN konsepte, naamlik deelname, aksie en refleksie geanaliseer. Die deelnemers en die fasiliteerder se deelname het meestal In samewerkende aard gehad, aksie was gemik op ekonomiese verandering en refleksie was gemik op praktiese probleemoplossinq. Die onderhoude het aangetoon dat 20 van die 24 deelnemers aan die einde van die navorsingsperiode In mikro bakbesigheid gehad het en dat hulle daarin geslaag het om die korttermyn doelwit, naamlik die toepassing van die vaardighede wat in die kursus geleer is, te bereik. Die gevallestudies het geen korrelasie getoon tussen die deelnemers se toepassing van entrepreneursvaardighede en die veranderinge in hulle bemagtigingstatus nie. Die studie se bevindinge dui daarop dat hoe langer deelnemers aan In DAN-program deelneem, hoe groter sal die verbetering in hulle bemagtigingstatus wees. Die monitering van die implementering van die program het laat biyk dat die studie tekort skiet in vergelyking met die "ideaaltipe" van DAN, want die deelname was nog nie korporatief nie. Aksies was net suksesvol in ekonomiese verandering en nie in sosiale transformasie nie. Refleksie het tot beperkte kritiese "selfbewustheid" by die deelnemers gelei. Dit blyk dat die DAN-benadering suksesvol was om die korttermyn doelwitte van In entrepreneursvaardighede opleidingsprogram te bereik. Die langtermyn volhoubaarheid van die entrepreneurs se bakbesighede sal met verdere navorsing opgevolg moet word.

AbstractAfter regaining the independence and entering the market economy the Baltic states went through the neo-liberal changes resulting in some new developments in adult education taking the main direction in mobilizing people for transforming learning into a desirable consumer commodity. Active citizenship has been operationalized in adult education largely through developing citizens’ entrepreneurial attitudes and ability to be less dependent upon the state. The recent trend in adult education is promoting educational opportunities for developing job skills and work-embedded learning, non-formal and informal education as the means to proactively advance competences through project work, voluntary activities, self-employment and enabling the validation of competences learnt at job situations in formal adult education institutions. As a new direction, adult educators in the Baltic states have started to practice sustainable and holistic approaches in adult education practices that highlight personal self-development besides their employability goals. In this chapter, we explore how changes in adult education in the Baltic states appear at micro level, focusing on three dimensions of active participatory citizenship in the observed educational programmes and among the programme stakeholders’ reflections. We posit that holistic approaches in adult education may be illustrated through three dimensions of active participatory citizenship concept – politico-legal, socio-cultural and socio-economic.

This paper examines consumer access to justice in the EU by analysing how Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) can improve this access, especially in the case of low-value cross-border disputes, which constitute the majority of consumer contract complaints. The discussion is based on a widened concept of open justice that not only seeks to provide greater transparency, but also greater participation and collaboration as a means to improve consumer access to justice. The approach deals with the subjective and objective obstacles to accessing justice and the role of participatory justice. Finally, the paper examines the decisions taken by the EU in its attempt to foster both ADRs and ODRs for consumer disputes and determines which obstacles have been eliminated in promoting access to justice.

This chapter discusses survey research. Surveys are a very common method of data collection used by many social researchers. As such, they are used in public opinion polls to gauge political trends and trait, but also in marketing research examining consumer behaviour and feedback. Surveys are also a common data collection method in many social research projects. They are further used to evaluate needs, processes, and outcomes. Importantly, surveys are a unidirectional communication approach to collect data, which is very different from observational methods, semi-structured and structured interviews, or other types of data collection where the researcher takes an active role. Specifically, using surveys, participants are presented with a set of instructions and predetermined questions. The researcher is not expected to engage in any participatory interaction or in-depth conversation with participants.

A green environment is one of the sustainability goals, and all nations are striving hard to make the environment free from pollution. The overwhelming corporate sectors should devise strategies towards promoting and preserving the environment from getting degraded by manufacturing activities. To control the environmental degradation, the industries should devise strategies to attain the goal of the green globe through the sub-goals such as livelihood sustainability, community progression, energy conservation, consumer compatibility, and resources revamp. This chapter explores the possible ways of handling the environmental mishaps, and it throws light on the possible contributions of corporate environmental responsibility and citizen science that involves the participatory approaches of the citizens as a whole. To make a decision on 16 proposed strategies, the hybrid decision-making method on multi goals cum strategies is proposed, and the integrated approach of FUCOM (full consistency method fuzzy additive ration assessment) and fuzzy ARAS (fuzzy additive ratio assessment) is applied.

The first decade of the World Wide Web predominantly enforced a clear separation between designers and consumers. New technological developments, such as the participatory Web 2.0 architectures, have emerged to support social computing. These developments are the foundations for a fundamental shift from consumer cultures (specialized in producing finished goods) to cultures of participation (in which all people can participate actively in personally meaningful activities). End-user development and meta-design provide foundations for this fundamental transformation. They explore and support new approaches for the design, adoption, appropriation, adaptation, evolution, and sharing of artifacts by all participating stakeholders. They take into account that cultures of participation are not dictated by technology alone: they are the result of incremental shifts in human behavior and social organizations. The design, development, and assessment of five particular applications that contributed to the development of our theoretical framework are described and discussed.

The increasing adoption of mobile media in place-making and space-constructing practices as well as participatory culture open up new opportunities in marketing. This chapter approaches mobile location-based games as sites of brand experience, productive play, and value co-creation. It examines a mobile location-based game launched by The North Face (TNF) in China to increase its consumer base by shaping people's lifestyle aspirations. It offers insights into the use of mobile to engage more participants in the emerging market; the role of mobile as the central tool, platform, and the interface of hybrid spaces (de Souza e Silva, 2006) in the integrated campaign; and the value co-creation process by consumers for the brand. It also points to unintended consequences of the campaign, evidenced in consumers' deconstruction and reconstruction of the marketer-designed game process and their distortion of space. More generally, it reveals the importance of understanding the opportunities and challenges in addressing creative consumers in utilising mobile location-based game for marketing purposes.

The increasing adoption of mobile media in place-making and space-constructing practices as well as participatory culture open up new opportunities in marketing. This chapter approaches mobile location-based games as sites of brand experience, productive play, and value co-creation. It examines a mobile location-based game launched by The North Face (TNF) in China to increase its consumer base by shaping people's lifestyle aspirations. It offers insights into the use of mobile to engage more participants in the emerging market; the role of mobile as the central tool, platform, and the interface of hybrid spaces (de Souza e Silva, 2006) in the integrated campaign; and the value co-creation process by consumers for the brand. It also points to unintended consequences of the campaign, evidenced in consumers' deconstruction and reconstruction of the marketer-designed game process and their distortion of space. More generally, it reveals the importance of understanding the opportunities and challenges in addressing creative consumers in utilising mobile location-based game for marketing purposes.

Chapter 3 shows the transformation that occurred, between 1968 and 1997, in lawmakers’ approaches to bingo and what it represented about the nation. Focusing especially on Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government (1979–90), it identifies three key changes. First, commercial bingo was significantly deregulated, and political debates were refocused on the need to bolster the industry, including by taxing non-commercial operators that were its alleged competitors. Second, political debates about gambling moved away from self-organized mutual aid towards charity. Third, there were increased references to commercial bingo within discussions of welfare and consumer responsibility, and as a result gambling became proof of individual fecklessness rather than national cultural and economic decline. In charting these changes, the chapter makes bingo reforms central to the state’s broader project of welfare state restructuring and better regulation in the 1980s and 1990s. In particular, it emphasizes the state’s alliance with charitable actors to privilege non-participatory forms of gambling (especially lotteries) over gambling run by non-commercial members’ clubs. The chapter also identifies the key role of gender in gambling debates, showing that deregulation rested in significant part on claims that commercial bingo halls provided lonely old women with their only source of company.

Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on e-waste value chains. The report should be read I conjunction with an earlier report on e-waste management. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. When e-waste is collected and treated formally, it normally includes the following steps: Collection, Sorting and disassembly, Size reduction, Separation. The following five pillars of a sustainable e-waste management system have been identified: • Business and finance • Policy and regulation • Technology and skills • Monitoring and control • Marketing and awareness As such, to support the development of a responsible e-waste value chain, the following elements must be addressed. • Understanding how e-waste is currently managed • There is no one-size-fits all solution to building a robust e-waste management system based on extended producer responsibility. • An e-waste system built without a participatory approach is likely to be hampered by a series of issues. • An overarching policy is necessary • The choices made for the sector should be founded on two crucial elements – data from on the ground, and inputs from stakeholders. • Enforcement is incumbent on the government mandate The push towards a circular economy has provided stakeholders across the value chain with an impetus to initiate systemic improvements and invest in infrastructure and awareness raising.