Добірка наукової літератури з теми "PE coaches"

The objective of the study was to see whether a teacher-coach exhibits different types of leadership behavior when s/he teaches a PE class and coaches a group of athletes. The participants in this study were 17–18 year old second-year preuniversity students from two local junior colleges in Singapore. A total of 159 students of mixed gender participated, including 80 PE students and 79 student-athletes from floorball, canoeing, and shooting teams. All of the 159 students were taught or coached by three (one male and two female) PE teachers, who performed the dual roles of a PE teacher-coach in the school. The data collection instrument used in this study was the Leadership Scale for Sports (Chelladurai & Saleh, 1980) measuring five leadership behaviors. A multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that democratic decision making accounted for most of the differences between the PE students’ and student-athletes’ perceived leadership behavior of their teacher-coaches; the student-athletes perceived their coaches to provide training and instruction more than did the PE students. In addition to training and instruction, the student-athletes perceived more positive feedback given to them than did the PE students. For decision making style, students in PE class perceived more democratic decision making than athletes in school teams. The social support subscale did not show statistically significant group difference.

Physical education (PE) teachers and strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches are well placed to develop motor competence within youth populations. However, both groups’ perceptions of important motor competencies are relatively unknown, especially when considering stage of maturity. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) present PE teachers and S&C coaches’ perceptions of motor competence importance according to stage of maturity; 2) compare perceptions of motor competence between stages of maturity, and between PE teachers and S&C coaches; and 3) explore factors that influence PE teachers and S&C coaches’ perceptions of motor competence importance. Via a mixed-method questionnaire, 47 PE teachers (professional experience = 10.3±6.6 years) and 48 S&C coaches (professional experience = 8.6±4.8 years) rated the importance of developing 21 motor competencies across four stages of maturity (childhood, pre-peak height velocity [PHV], circa-PHV, and post-PHV) using a Likert-scale (1 = not important, 5 = very important). Participants also provided open-ended explanations for their perceptions. Frequency analysis indicated that participants rated a broad range of competencies important, with S&C coaches rating more competencies important than PE teachers across all stages of maturity. Mixed-model analysis highlighted several differences in motor competence importance when comparing perceptions between participant groups, and between stages of maturity for PE teachers and S&C coaches. For example, S&C coaches rated strength-based motor competencies less important during childhood (d = -1.83 to -0.43), while PE teachers rated them less important during childhood (d = -2.22 to -0.42) and pre-PHV (d = -1.70 to -0.51) compared to other stages of maturity. Codebook thematic analysis showed several factors that influenced participant’s perceptions of motor competence importance (e.g., participants understanding of themselves). The findings suggest that multiple environments may be required to adequately facilitate motor competence development amongst youth. Coach education should target misunderstandings around the risks of strength-based activity during early stages of maturity and the benefits of developing strength-based motor competencies across youth populations.

The objective of this research is to identify the level of general fatigue (FG), physical fatigue (FF) and concentration/motivation (C/M) in sports coaches. Two components of grit, consistency of interest (CI) and perseverance in effort (PE), are also assessed. The possible effects of sex, age, marital status, employment contract, work dedication and grit on FG, FF and C/M in sports coaches are examined. This cross-sectional study analyses 335 sports club coaches (21.2% women, 78.8% male) with a mean age of 29.88 (SD = 9.97) years, at a significance level of p < 0.05 for all analyses. Different aspects of fatigue were determined using the Spanish translation of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (IMF-20). The Grit-S scale was used to measure the ability to persevere, have passion and commit. The results indicated that men scored higher in FF, C/M and PE, while women obtained higher values in FG and CI. Non-contract coaches had higher FG, CI and PE, while coaches with contracts scored higher on C/M and FF. In conclusion, coaches with higher CI had higher FG, and high levels of PE were associated with low FG levels.

Researchers consider motivation a key determinant of physical activity. In physical education (PE) and youth sport, the more children and adolescents evaluate their teachers and coaches to be autonomy supportive, as opposed to controlling, the more self-determined they are in their motivation. Therefore, it appears valuable to help PE teachers and youth sport coaches optimize their interactions with the individuals they work with. This study was designed to systematically review the literature related to autonomy support interventions with PE teachers and youth sport coaches. After relevant databases were searched and duplicates were removed, 1,523 potentially pertinent articles were found. These were subsequently screened based on specific inclusion criteria. This systematic review process helped identify 21 studies that were included for further analyses. Overall, the interventions were frequently successful in enhancing PE teachers’ and youth sport coaches’ behavior. Additional research appears justified to foster self-determined motivation among children and adolescence.

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine what communication and instructional techniques including coaching strategies were being implemented by coaches and physical education (PE) teachers working in residential or day schools for the deaf throughout the U. S. Further, to share this information with coaches and PE teachers in general education classrooms. Questionnaire was answered electronically from 32 coaches and PE teachers (38 % return rate). Topics in the survey included: a) types of sports/PE classes; b) mode of communication used; c) coaching and teaching techniques; d) coaching and teaching strategies; e) breakdowns in communication; f) advice to new coaches a teachers starting out in the field. Advice for new coaches, who had not previously worked with the individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH), six themes emerged: become fluent in ASL, remember to get the student’s attention before you start signing, use a lot of modelling, role playing, and videos (when needed), keep it simple, stress the fundamentals and insist on repetition until skills are mastered, and be flexible, each player will learn differently. Our results suggest that targeted and adapted communication strategies in PE and physical activities play important role for individuals who are D/HH.

To assess the wider application of the SHARP (Stretching whilst moving, High repetition of skills, Accessibility, Reducing sitting and standing, and Promotion of physical activity) Principles intervention on children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in physical education (PE), when applied by teachers and coaches. A quasi-experimental intervention was employed in nine primary schools (experimental, n = 6: control, n = 3) including teachers (n = 10), coaches (n = 4), and children (aged 5 to 11 years, n = 84) in the West Midlands, UK. Practitioners applied the SHARP Principles to PE lessons, guided by an innovative behaviour change model. The System for Observing Fitness and Instruction Time (SOFIT) was used to measure children’s MVPA in 111 lessons at pre- (n = 60) and post-intervention (n = 51). Seven interviews were conducted post-intervention to explore practitioners’ perceptions. Two-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) revealed that teachers increased children’s MVPA by 27.7%. No statistically significant change in children’s MVPA was observed when taught by the coaches. The qualitative results for teachers were ‘children’s engagement’, a ‘pedagogical paradigm shift’, and ‘relatedness’; and for coaches ‘organisational culture’ and ‘insufficient support and motivation’. The SHARP Principles intervention is the most effective teaching strategy at increasing MVPA in primary PE when taught by school based staff (rather than outsourced coaches), evidencing increases almost double that of any previously published study internationally and demonstrating the capacity to influence educational policy and practice internationally.

Purpose: Girls on the Run (GOTR), a physical activity-based positive youth development program, uses running as a platform to teach life skills and promote healthy behaviors. In this companion paper of our comprehensive project, the authors evaluated program impact on positive youth development by comparing GOTR participants to youth in other organized activities (Sport and physical education [PE]) on life skills transfer and social processes. Qualitative methods complemented quantitative data through interviews with GOTR stakeholders. Method: The participants included 215 girls in GOTR and 692 girls in the same grades and schools who did not participate in GOTR (Sport = 485; PE = 207). They completed self-report measures of life skills transfer, peer and coach relatedness, and coach autonomy support at the season’s end. GOTR subsamples of girls, coaches, caregivers, and school personnel participated in focus groups. Results: Girls in GOTR compared favorably to the Sport and PE girls on all life skills—managing emotions, resolving conflicts, helping others, and making intentional decisions—and to the PE girls for all 3 social processes. The GOTR and Sport girls did not differ on coach relatedness and autonomy support, but the Sport girls rated teammate relatedness higher. The GOTR girls’ scores on life skills transfer remained stable at a 3-month follow-up assessment. Stakeholders in the focus groups shared corroborating evidence that, through participating in GOTR, girls learn skills that generalize to school and home contexts. Conclusion: Using comparison groups, a retention assessment, and mixed methods, the findings provide evidence that GOTR is effective in teaching skills and strategies that generalize to broader life domains. The processes that explain group differences on life skills transfer include GOTR’s intentional curriculum of skill-building activities delivered by coaches within a caring and autonomy-supportive climate.

One central issue in sports is the role of informal learning in organized child and youth sport in contrast to learning in the school context of physical education (PE). In Scandinavia, the model for organizing sports include an independent sports organization that organizes child and youth training on many levels, including the grassroots level and elite competitions organized within non-profit clubs and based on non-salaried voluntary work. In contrast to the public schooling context where physical education is led by educated and professional PE-teachers, organized child and youth club sports are based on parental engagement. Drawing on ten interviews with male coaches training their own children, this study examines how fathers are handling learning in the dual position as a father and a coach. This narrative analysis focuses on the theoretical concept of dilemmatic spaces in interviews and shows how shared cultural and societal storylines are used by the parental coaches in their personal stories. The results illustrate three dilemmatic spaces of learning that the participants must rhetorically handle. The first dilemma illuminates the dual position of both being a father, and at the same time acting as a coach. In the second dilemma, the fathers are seeking to balance between care of their child and increasing performance development. The third dilemma is balancing the training as child/parent quality time and the need for children to develop autonomy. The results show how the dual position of being a father and a coach can be both an asset in the relational building but also highly problematic and, in any case, involves a relational identity change. Learning in this dual position means that the fathers cannot act entirely as a coaches and disregard or override their parental position.

Sport coaching in Brazil is a regulated profession that requires higher education qualifications. A degree in physical education (PE) is mandatory since 1998 for those who aspire to work as coaches in the country, which has led universities and professors to play a key role in developing coaches through formal education. Through a personal narrative approach, we—a professor and a PhD candidate—wrote this paper with the purpose of sharing our pathways and reflections in implementing a learner-centred teaching (LCT) approach in an undergraduate coaching course in Brazil, both acting as coach developers (CDs). From a personal and professional growth perspective, as CDs, we acknowledge the relevance of offering such practical experiences along with reflection and peer sharing as crucial steps for practitioners to improve CD expertise in the higher education setting. By reflecting on the potential of a LCT approach in higher education, we demonstrate how LCT strategies can enhance opportunities for student-coaches to gain exposure to meaningful practical coaching situations as a way to better develop their coaching skills within the university environment.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, social confinement was declared in Portugal on 19th March 2020. Schools and sports clubs were closed, access to all sports and leisure facilities was limited, and young people have experienced restrictions regarding the practice of physical activities and sports. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical activity (PA) levels and sports participation of adolescents before and during confinement, with whom they practice during restrictions and to identify the activities adopted by their physical education (PE) teachers and sports coaches to keep them physically active. An online survey was conducted between March 27th and April 14th 2020. A total of 3,012 Portuguese adolescents (57% females) aged between 10 and 19 years old (14.3±2.4 years old) took part in this study. Wilcoxon test and paired-sample t-test and chi-square test of independence were used in the data analysis. The results show that the number of students engaged in PA increased during the lockdown (72.7% to 88.2%). For those who practiced PA before lockdown, the frequency of PA decreased from 4.7 sessions/week to 4.4 sessions/week (during confinement). For those who did not practice PA before confinement, they started by doing 4.1 sessions/week. The vast majority of PE teachers (77.3%) proposed some pedagogical activities such as video conference classes (53.6%). Regarding the coaches, 53.4% proposed some activity, mainly time circuit training, walking and cycling (around 18% each), or specific training exercises and video conference classes (about 12% each). The number of students who increased their regular PA practice can be justified by the immediate intervention of PE teachers, who implemented several online activities, or because students were able to choose different options to stay active. Keywords: physical education, physical activity, sport, teachers, coaches, COVID-19

La presente investigación es de corte cuantitativo cuyo objetivo de estudio fue relacionar el burnout y los factores psicosociales laborales en 131 entrenadores deportivos de Lima y Huancayo, cuyas edades oscilan entre los 23 y 69 años. El diseño de investigación fue no experimental transversal de nivel correlacional, para lo cual se utilizó el inventario de Maslach Burnout para entrenadores deportivos y el cuestionario de Factores Psicosociales Laborales. Para la obtención de resultados se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple en la que se evidenció que el factor predictor del burnout es contenido y características de la tarea. También se compararon las variables en función a una serie de características propias del entrenador deportivo, tales como el nivel de educación, satisfacción con el sueldo y el tipo de trabajo, los cuales arrojaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. En función a ello, se determinó que el desgaste emocional y la percepción de reducida realización personal están asociadas a la remuneración del rendimiento y las exigencias laborales a las cuales está sometido el entrenador en su dinámica cotidiana.
The present research is quantitative in nature and the aim of the study is to relate the burnout and psychosocial factors at work in 131 sports coaches from Lima and Huancayo, the ages range between 23 and 69 years. The research design was a non-experimental cross-sectional correlational level, for which the Maslach Burnout inventory for sports coaches and the Occupational Psychosocial Factors questionnaire were used. To obtain results, a multiple regression analysis was carried out, in which it was evidenced that the predictor of burnout is content and characteristics of the task. Variables are also compared based on a series of characteristics of the sports coach, such as level of education, satisfaction with salary and type of work, which yielded statistically significant differences. Based on this, it was determined that emotional exhaustion and the perception of reduced personal fulfillment are associated with the remuneration of performance and the work demands to which the worker is subjected in their daily dynamics.
Tesis

Nuestra idea de negocio surge ante la necesidad que tienen las personas en desarrollar habilidades para mejorar su empleabilidad, crecimiento profesional y personal. Asimismo, con el acompañamiento de un psicólogo a fin de brindar soporte emocional. Buscamos atender este nicho de mercado poco explorado. TINKI es una plataforma web que ofrece una cartera de servicios para mejorar las habilidades blandas, brindar asesoría psicológica y ofrecer orientación vocacional de nuestros clientes. La plataforma web cuenta con un diseño amigable para que se adapte a cualquier medio digital, el cual nuestros clientes puedan interactuar. Los canales para generar publicidad serán las redes sociales tales como Facebook, Instagram y LinkedIn. Nuestro segmento está dirigido principalmente a personas entre 18 y 60 años que buscan asesoría en habilidades blandas, acompañamiento psicológico y orientación vocacional. Por otra parte, sobre el valor agregado que ofrecemos es que contamos con una diversidad de servicios en un mismo lugar, que cuenta con flexibilidad de horarios, que puedes registrarte y recibir las asesorías desde la comodidad de casa, y que contamos con profesionales altamente calificados: coach y psicólogo. Finalmente, TINKI resulta ser un proyecto de investigación viable.
Our business idea arises from the need that people have in developing skills to improve their employability, professional and personal growth with the accompaniment of a psychologist in order to provide emotional support. We seek to serve this little exploited market niche. TINKI is a website platform that offers a wide portfolio of clients who seek the emotional counsel and guidance of professionals to improve their skills and performance at their workplace. The platform has an interactive design which adapts accordingly with most digital devices that our clients use. The means through which we will channel our publicity will be social networks such as Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn. This platform´s market segment is focused on people within 18 to 60 years old with the aim to enhance their personal and professional life by targeting positive results emotional towards emotional stability and a balanced life through counseling on soft skills, psychological support and vocational guidance. On the other hand, regarding the added value that we offer is that we have a variety of services in one place, flexible schedules, you can register and receive advice from the comfort of your home, and we have highly qualified professionals: coaches and psychologists. TINKI turns out to be a viable research project.
Trabajo de investigación

碩士
臺北市立大學
運動教育研究所
103
Purpose: The study is investigated the relationships among job stress, role conflict, and job burnout of physical education (PE) teacher-coaches. Method: One hundred and seventy-eight PE teachers who served as athletic coaches from junior and senior high schools were recruited as participants. The participants completed a battery of questionnaires regarding job stress, role conflict, and job burnout. The t-test and multiple regression analysis were utilized to analyze the data collected. Results: First, coaches on the school team revealed a higher perception of job pressure than teachers in PE class. Additionally, coaches whose team competed at the international level exhibited less job burnout than those whose team competed at the national level. Second, PE teachers' social-role conflict could negatively predict their low accomplishment. Job pressure regarding students' behavior and interpersonal relationship could positively predict reduced accomplishment and job devaluation. In addition, inter-role conflict and job burden could positively predict emotional exhaustion. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, practical suggestions are provided for the PE class teachers as coaches.

It is widely accepted by today’s Australian society that education, in particular, be inclusive and accessible for all students. Teachers regularly report a perceived limit to their skills set in relation to working with students with a disability, particularly when the students are in a mainstream setting. This perception has also been identified within cohorts of physical education (PE) teachers with many reporting they do not feel confident to teach students with a disability in a physical activity setting. Research has shown that PE teachers often feel underprepared to work with students with a disability, particularly in PE classes where activities may need to be modified or adapted for full participation (Forlin & Chambers, 2011; Barber, 2018). The purpose of this study, adopting a phenomenological approach, was to demonstrate the importance of undergraduate tertiary PE students participating in an inclusion and diversity or Adapted PE program, and to understand the value of that experience. The mixed methods research methodology with a focus on phenomenology was developed using a triangulation methodology that used three phases of research to produce data that would address a set of sub- aims relating to the undergraduate PE student experience and the perspectives of experts regarding inclusive practices. Phase 1 of the research involved surveying undergraduate PE students participating in an Inclusion and Diversity in Physical Activity unit in an inner-city university in the west of Melbourne, Australia using the Physical Educators’ Attitude Towards Teaching Individuals with a Disability (PEATID-11) questionnaire pre and post-completion of the Inclusion and Diversity in Physical Activity unit. As a questionnaire was used, a positivist paradigm was adopted for this quantitative phase. One hundred and twenty two responses were collected and of that, 29 were completed both pre and post-completion of the unit. Results indicated that there were significant differences to the attitudes of the undergraduate PE students’ pre and post the unit, which is supported by previous research findings using this instrument. The PEATID-11 data results found students showed positive changes in their attitudes and behaviours after completing the unit, as they scored higher in the post-mean scores in each category of the questionnaire indicating a more positive intent post-completion of the unit and demonstrating the importance of the inclusion of the unit in the undergraduate PE degree. A prediction that therefore can be made is that undergraduate PE students, who have specific, focused Adapted PE training, as a part of their undergraduate PE studies, will have a more favourable attitude towards inclusion and working with students with a disability. Phase 2 of the research utilised focus groups with the same undergraduate PE student cohort using a phenomenological lens to capture their ‘lived experience’ of participating in the Inclusion and Diversity in Physical Activity unit. Three focus groups, with a total of 22 undergraduate PE students were conducted with students post the completion of the unit. This approach has provided a data that describes the students’ experiences and learnings in their own voices that has not been a feature of earlier quantitative studies. The research has provided an additional perspective to the current body of knowledge in the research conducted around the impact of Adapted PE courses on the attitudes, confidence and skill set of undergraduate PE students and has identified keys trends, themes and issues in relation to the experiences and learnings of students engaged in the Inclusion and Diversity in Physical Activity unit at Victoria University. Results of this phase of the research showed that the undergraduate PE students did report the value the experience and found it to be ‘life changing’ and useful. The third phase of the research involved the completion of 8 individual interviews with industry education experts in the field of PE and inclusion. This last phase of the research was designed to investigate in what way how inclusion teacher training was viewed and how important it was considered to be by experts in the field. Findings of this stage of the research overwhelmingly support the inclusion of Adapted PE, inclusion and diversity training in undergraduate PE degrees. This was evidenced by more favourable attitudes towards working with students with a disability at the completion of an inclusive PE unit and positive responses to focus group questions on the impact of the inclusive PE unit. The three phases of the research support the importance of including an inclusive PE program in an undergraduate PE degree. This research supports the literature that clearly demonstrates that preservice and undergraduate teachers who have had experience in an Adapted Physical Education unit as part of their studies, which included theory and practice, could make a difference to the predisposition of their preparedness to be more inclusive. (Hodge et al., 2002). Additionally, this research adds to the body of knowledge in providing undergraduate PE student voices together with expert educators’ voices regarding the importance of ‘hands on inclusive learning’. The findings that detail more favourable attitudes post-completion of the inclusive PE unit in association with the positive ‘lived experience’ data, prompted the recommendations of including mandated inclusive education and training for physical education teachers (both undergraduate and practicing) and the requirement of inclusive practice training being provided within an experiential context. It is anticipated that the findings of this research will serve as evidence to support the development of undergraduate PE courses and foster further research in regards to inclusive education and training for physical educators.