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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 січня 2023

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1

van Utrecht, W. L. "Growth in Larval and Metamorphosed Eurypharynx Pelecanoides Vaillant, 1882 (Pisces, Anguilliformes, Eurypharyngidae) from the mid North Atlantic." Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 58, no. 1 (1988): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660644-05801003.

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The difference between the larvae of Eurypharynx pelecanoides and Saccopharynx ampullaceus, both belonging to the suborder Saccopharyngoidei (formerly Lyomeri), does not consist only of different numbers in myomeres but also of the structure of the suspensorium of the lower jaw. In E. pelecanoides it consists of two separate bones, the hyomandibulare and the quadratum. According to Orton (1963) in S. ampullaceus the suspensorium consists of only one piece of bone.

2

Nielsen, Jørgen G., E. Bertelsen, and Åse Jespersen. "The Biology ofEurypharynx pelecanoides(Pisces, Eurypharyngidae)." Acta Zoologica 70, no. 3 (September 1989): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.1989.tb01069.x.

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3

Cherel, Y., Richard A. Phillips, Keith A. Hobson, and Rona McGill. "Stable isotope evidence of diverse species-specific and individual wintering strategies in seabirds." Biology Letters 2, no. 2 (February 21, 2006): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0445.

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Although there is increasing evidence that climatic variations during the non-breeding season shape population dynamics of seabirds, most aspects of their winter distribution and ecology remain essentially unknown. We used stable isotope signatures in feathers to infer and compare the moulting (wintering) habitat of subantarctic petrels breeding at two distant localities (South Georgia and Kerguelen). Petrels showed species-specific wintering habitat preferences, with a similar pattern of latitudinal segregation for all but one taxon. At both localities, δ 13 C values indicated that blue petrels ( Halobaena caerulea ) moult in Antarctic waters, South Georgian diving petrels ( Pelecanoides georgicus ) in the vicinity of the archipelagos and/or in the Polar Frontal Zone and Antarctic prions ( Pachyptila desolata ) in warmer waters. In contrast, common diving petrels ( Pelecanoides urinatrix ) showed divergent strategies, with low and high intrapopulation variation at South Georgia and Kerguelen, respectively. Birds from Kerguelen dispersed over a much wider range of habitats, from coastal to oceanic waters and from Antarctica to the subtropics, whereas those from South Georgia wintered mainly in waters around the archipelago. This study is the first to show such striking between-population heterogeneity in individual wintering strategies, which could have important implications for likely demographic responses to environmental perturbation.

4

Hays, Coppelia. "The Peruvian Diving Petrel in Peru." Oryx 23, no. 2 (April 1989): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300022778.

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The Peruvian diving petrel Pelecanoides garnotii is endemic to the Peruvian or Humboldt Current. Descriptions of past colonies suggest that the species was once abundant in Peru, but harvesting guano on its nesting islands and killing the birds for their meat caused a drastic decline in the population. Fishing activities and direct exploitation threaten the only two remaining breeding colonies in Peru. There are an estimated 4000 breeding individuals left, but unless they are protected the species will continue to decline.

5

Smith, G. Troy, John C. Wingfield, and Richard R. Veit. "Adrenocortical Response to Stress in the Common Diving Petrel, Pelecanoides urinatrix." Physiological Zoology 67, no. 2 (March 1994): 526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/physzool.67.2.30163862.

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6

Vilina, Yerko A. "Status of the Peruvian Diving Petrel, Pelecanoides garnotii, on Chanaral Island, Chile." Colonial Waterbirds 15, no. 1 (1992): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1521364.

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7

Roby, Daniel D. "Chick feeding in the diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix exsul." Antarctic Science 1, no. 4 (December 1989): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102089000507.

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Chick feeding in common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul) and South Georgia diving petrels (P. georgicus) was studied on Bird Island, South Georgia. Complete chick meals removed from the proventriculus of adults averaged 25.5 g (n = 32) for common diving petrels (17.6% of adult mass) and 23.3 g (n = 24) for South Georgia diving petrels (20.2% of adult mass); neither contained stomach oils. The sum of the positive mass increments during overnight weighings (SUM) averaged 48.6 g for common diving petrel chicks (n = 78 chick nights) and 41.6 g for South Georgia diving petrel chicks (n = 78 chick nights). Average adult feeding frequencies were 0.95 meals day−1 and 0.92 meals day−1, respectively. Relative meal size in diving petrels was similar to that of other procellariiforms, but SUM averaged about twice that of other petrels. The lower conversion efficiency of meals to body mass in diving petrel chicks reflects the absence of stomach oils in the diet. Higher chick feeding frequency and lower variance in SUM are consistent with the hypothesis that diving petrels forage nearshore on reliable food supply compared with other procellariiforms.

8

Norman, F. I., and R. S. Brown. "Notes on Common Diving-Petrels Pelecanoides urinatrix Found Beach-washed in Victoria, 1985." Emu - Austral Ornithology 87, no. 3 (September 1987): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9870179.

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9

Rayner, Matt J., Graeme A. Taylor, Chris P. Gaskin, and Brendon J. Dunphy. "Seasonal activity and unpredicted polar front migration of northern New Zealand Common Diving Petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix)." Emu - Austral Ornithology 117, no. 3 (March 28, 2017): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2017.1303332.

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10

BROOKE, M. DEL. "Determination of the absolute visual threshold of a nocturnal seabird, the Common Diving Petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix." Ibis 131, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1989.tb02772.x.

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11

Miskelly, Colin M., and Graeme A. Taylor. "Establishment of a colony of Common Diving Petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) by chick transfers and acoustic attraction." Emu - Austral Ornithology 104, no. 3 (September 2004): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu03062.

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12

Prince, P. A., and M. Jones. "Maximum dive depths attained by South Georgia diving petrel Pelecanoides georgicus at Bird Island, South Georgia." Antarctic Science 4, no. 4 (December 1992): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102092000646.

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Maximum dive depths have been recorded for a number of sea-bird species using simple lightweight capillary gauges (Burger & Wilson 1988). So far these studies have been confined to penguins (Montague 1985, Seddon & van Heezik 1990, Whitehead 1989, Wilson & Wilson 1990, Scolaro & Suburo 1991), alcids (Burger & Simpson 1986, Burger & Powell 1988, Harris et al. 1990, Burger 1991) and cormorants (Burger 1991, Wanless et al. 1991).

13

Reid, K., J. P. Croxall, T. M. Edwards, H. J. Hill, and P. A. Prince. "Diet and feeding ecology of the diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix at South Georgia." Polar Biology 17, no. 2 (January 1997): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050100.

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14

Miskelly, Colin M., Graeme A. Taylor, Helen Gummer, and Rex Williams. "Translocations of eight species of burrow-nesting seabirds (genera Pterodroma, Pelecanoides, Pachyptila and Puffinus: Family Procellariidae)." Biological Conservation 142, no. 10 (October 2009): 1965–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.03.027.

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15

Leitch, Tamara N., Peter Dann, and John P. Y. Arnould. "The diet of Pacific gulls (Larus pacificus) breeding at Seal Island in northern Bass Strait." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 3 (2014): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13066.

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The endemic Pacific gull (Larus pacificus) is Australia’s largest larid, and though little is currently known of its foraging ecology, its size and wide distribution suggest that it may play an important role within the marine environment. In the present study, regurgitate pellets collected from Seal Island in northern Bass Strait were used to compare intra- and interannual trends in diet composition. The main taxa identified in pellets were the common diving-petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), leatherjacket species (Family Monacanthidae), short-tailed shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris) and mirror bush (Coprosma repens). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) identified no significant differences in numerical abundance of the dominant prey species between years, suggesting that the prey base in this region is temporally consistent or that the gulls consume low enough numbers to be unaffected by fluctuation in prey populations. Diving-petrels were consumed in consistently high numbers, suggesting the gulls may be an important predator of this species, or that the gulls are particularly skilled at foraging for them.

16

Bocher, Pierrick, Bruno Labidoire, and Yves Cherel. "Maximum dive depths of common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) during the annual cycle at Mayes Island, Kerguelen." Journal of Zoology 251, no. 4 (August 2000): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00807.x.

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17

Barbraud, Christophe, Adrien Chaigne, Maxime Loubon, Olivier Lamy, and Fabrice Le Bouard. "An estimate of the South Georgia diving petrel Pelecanoides georgicus population at Ile de la Possession, Crozet archipelago." Antarctic Science 32, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410202000019x.

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AbstractBurrow-nesting seabirds constitute an important part of seabird diversity, yet accurate estimates of their abundance are largely lacking, limiting our understanding of their population dynamics and conservation status. We conducted a survey to estimate the number of South Georgia diving petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) burrows during the 2013–14 breeding season on Ile de la Possession, Crozet archipelago, southern Indian Ocean. We used distance sampling and acoustic playback in order to estimate burrow densities in a priori-selected favourable nesting areas. A total of 855 burrows were detected. The mean altitude of burrows was 601.8 ± 69.4 m. The mean burrow detection distance was 1.77 ± 1.63 m. The burrow density was estimated at 15.649 burrows ha-1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.245–23.903) and the slope-corrected total favourable area was 2365.53 ha, which yielded an estimate 37 018 burrows (95% CI: 24 235–56 544). The playback response rate was 15.8 ± 1.3%, and 40.8 ± 1.7% of burrows were occupied or showed signs of occupation. Occupancy rates were low compared to those measured by systematic burrow inspection in other studies. Assuming that laying occurred in 80–93% of the estimated number of burrows, as estimated by previous studies, gives an estimate of 29 614 (95% CI: 19 388–45 235) to 34 426 (95% CI: 22 538–52 585) breeding pairs.

18

Mey, Eberhard, Olivier Chastel, and Jean-Claude Beaucournu. "A ‘penguin’ chewing louseNesiotinus on a Kerguelen Diving-petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul): an indication of a phylogenetic relationship?" Journal of Ornithology 143, no. 4 (October 2002): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02465602.

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19

Freile, Juan, Scott Olmstead, Nick Athanas, Dusan Brinkhuizen, Lelis Navarrete, Jonas Nilsson, Manuel Sánchez-Nivicela, Alejandro Solano-Ugalde, and Paul Greenfield. "FIFTH REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR ECUADORIAN RECORDS IN ORNITHOLOGY (CERO), WITH COMMENTS ON SOME PUBLISHED, UNDOCUMENTED RECORDS." Revista Ecuatoriana de Ornitología, no. 6 (December 22, 2020): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18272/reo.vi6.1990.

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Wepresent new distributional records of birds in Ecuador evaluated by the Committee for Ecuadorian Records in Ornithology (CERO) from November 2017 through June 2019. This report includes two species new to Ecuador (Pelecanoides garnotii, Conirostrum margaritae), five species with first documented country records (Thaumastura cora, Anous minutus, Setophaga pensylvanica, S. virens, Spiza americana), two species with first documented Galapagos records (Oceanodroma hornbyi, Egretta tricolor), remarkable range extensions for 15 species (Amazilia amazilia, Aramus guarauna, Vanellus chilensis, Attagis gayi, Anous stolidus, Sterna hirundo, Thalasseus elegans, T. sandvicensis, Eurypyga helias, Mycteria americana, Plegadis falcinellus, Gampsonyx swainsonii, Rosthramus sociabilis, Glaucidium peruanum, Thlypopsis sordida), new records of 16 rare species (Oressochen jubatus, Spatula cyanoptera, Podiceps major, Stercorarius longicaudus, Larus belcheri, Pelagodroma marina, Oceanodroma markhami, Egretta rufescens, Plegadis ridgwayi, Buteo swainsonii, Megascops koepckeae, Tyrannus albogularis, Setophaga castanea, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Icterus chrysater, I. galbula) and additional records for 8 species. Finally, we invalidate previous records of Pyrilia pyrilia published in different sources, reject records of six species submitted to CERO, and discuss six previously published, undocumented records that might prove erroneous. CERO revises and updates the country bird list, which currently stands at 1696 species (1642 confirmed and documented; 54 undocumented).

20

Mey, Eberhard, Olivier Chastel, and Jean-Claude Beaucournu. "A ‘penguin’ chewing louse Nesiotinus on a Kerguelen Diving-petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul): an indication of a phylogenetic relationship?" Journal für Ornithologie 143, no. 4 (October 2002): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0361.2002.02043.x.

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21

Cunningham, Gregory B., Richard W. Van Buskirk, Mark J. Hodges, and Gabrielle A. Nevitt. "Responses of common diving petrel chicks (Pelecanoides urinatrix) to burrow and colony specific odours in a simple wind tunnel." Antarctic Science 24, no. 4 (March 6, 2012): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102012000168.

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AbstractResearchers have previously assumed that common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) have a limited sense of smell since they have relatively small olfactory bulbs. A recent study, however, showed that adult diving petrels prefer the scent of their own burrow compared to burrows of other diving petrels, implying that personal scents contribute to the burrow's odour signature. Because diving petrels appear to be adapted to use olfaction in social contexts, they could be a useful model for investigating how chemically mediated social recognition develops in birds. A first step is to determine whether diving petrel chicks can detect familiar and unfamiliar odours. We compared behavioural responses of chicks to three natural stimuli in a wind tunnel: soil collected from their burrow or colony, and a blank control. During portions of the experiment, chicks turned the least and walked the shortest distances in response to odours from the nest, which is consistent with their sedentary behaviour within the burrow. By contrast, behaviours linked to olfactory search increased when chicks were exposed to blank controls. These results suggest that common diving petrel chicks can detect natural olfactory stimuli before fledging, and lay the foundation for future studies on the role of olfaction in social contexts for this species.

22

FISCHER, JOHANNES H., IGOR DEBSKI, GRAEME A. TAYLOR, and HEIKO U. WITTMER. "Nest site selection of South Georgia Diving-petrels Pelecanoides georgicus on Codfish Island, New Zealand: implications for conservation management." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000041.

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SummarySmall seabird species are often threatened by predation from invasive species at their breeding colonies and considerable efforts are invested into mitigating this threat. However, invasive predators may not be the only onshore threat affecting small seabird species. The South Georgia Diving-petrel Pelecanoides georgicus (SGDP) is a small seabird species, considered ‘Nationally Critical’ in New Zealand. Our objective was to identify terrestrial threats to the species at their sole remaining breeding colony in New Zealand, Codfish Island (Whenua Hou), following the successful eradication of invasive predators. To achieve our objective, we assessed the influence of five physical, three competition/attraction and three plant variables on SGDP nest site selection with generalised linear models (GLMs) and compared models using an information theoretic approach. Models including the distance to sea, slope, aspect, and sand flux outperformed other models and showed selection for steep seaward-facing foredunes with mobile soils. No invasive plant and competition/attraction variables were included in the best performing models. These results suggest that, due to the proximity of their preferred nesting habitat to the springtide line and the overall fragility of the foredunes, SGDPs on Codfish Island are extremely vulnerable to stochastic events and catastrophes, such as storms and storm surges. Eradication efforts directed at invasive predators on Codfish Island appear thus insufficient to safeguard this SGDP colony, necessitating further conservation strategies to secure the continued survival of this population.

23

FERNÁNDEZ, CLAUDIA E., MATÍAS PORTFLITT-TORO, DIEGO MIRANDA-URBINA, PAULA PLAZA, NICOLAS LUNA, and GUILLERMO LUNA-JORQUERA. "Breeding abundance and population trend of the Peruvian Diving-petrel Pelecanoides garnotii in Chile: Recovery of an endangered seabird?" Bird Conservation International 30, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927091900039x.

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SummaryAs island ecosystems are among the most critical breeding habitats for seabirds, their protection should enhance population viability for many species. The Peruvian Diving-petrel Pelecanoides garnotii breeds only in Chile and Perú, is an endangered seabird with historically large populations of over 100,000 breeding pairs, but fewer than 1,000 remained in the 1980s and it became the first endangered seabird of the Humboldt Current System. In Chile, they breed on five islands, three of which are legally protected, but only two have a management plan. Between 2010 and 2014, we evaluated the density of nests, burrow occupancy, and colony patch sizes on the islands to estimate the breeding population. The population trend was assessed by compiling historical data available in the literature and several unpublished technical reports. The current breeding population size in Chile was ∼12,500 breeding pairs (95% CI: 10,613–14,676 pairs) that is ∼34% of the breeding pairs reported for Peru (∼36,450 pairs). Choros Island, the only island with adequate protection, accounted for ∼95% of the total breeding population of the Peruvian Diving-petrel in Chile. Historical population trends showed a significant increase in breeding pairs during recent years on Choros Island. It seems that the adequate legal protection of Choros Island is leading to the recovery of Peruvian Diving-petrels, demonstrating that protection of breeding colonies remains an essential strategy for the conservation of endemic seabirds.

24

Zhang, Jingjing, Matt Rayner, Shae Vickers, Todd Landers, Rachael Sagar, John Stewart, and Brendon Dunphy. "GPS telemetry for small seabirds: using hidden Markov models to infer foraging behaviour of Common Diving Petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix urinatrix)." Emu - Austral Ornithology 119, no. 2 (January 7, 2019): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2018.1558997.

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25

Fromant, Aymeric, Nicole Schumann, Peter Dann, Yves Cherel, and John P. Y. Arnould. "Trophic niches of a seabird assemblage in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia." PeerJ 8 (March 11, 2020): e8700. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8700.

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The foraging niches of seabirds are driven by a variety of factors, including competition for prey that promotes divergence in trophic niches. Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia, is a key region for seabirds, with little penguins Eudyptula minor, short-tailed shearwaters Ardenna tenuirostris, fairy prions Pachyptila turtur and common diving-petrels Pelecanoides urinatrix being particularly abundant in the region. The trophic niches of these species were investigated using isotopic values in whole blood and by identifying prey remains in stomach contents. The four species occupied different isotopic niches that varied among years, seasons and regions. Little penguins consumed mainly fish whereas the three procellariforms primarily consumed coastal krill Nyctiphanes australis. The dietary similarities between the procellariforms suggest that food resources are segregated in other ways, with interspecific differences in isotope niches possibly reflecting differential consumption of key prey, divergent foraging locations and depth, and differences in breeding phenology. Because oceanographic changes predicted to occur due to climate change may result in reduced coastal krill availability, adversely affecting these seabird predators, further information on foraging zones and feeding behaviour of small procellariform species is needed to elucidate more fully the segregation of foraging niches, the capacity of seabirds to adapt to climate change and the potential for interspecific competition in the region.

26

Eizenberg, Yonina H., Aymeric Fromant, Arnaud Lec’hvien, and John P. Y. Arnould. "Contrasting impacts of environmental variability on the breeding biology of two sympatric small procellariiform seabirds in south-eastern Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): e0250916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250916.

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Seabirds play a vital role in marine ecosystems and the long-term study of their responses to environmental variations can be used to monitor the effects of climate change on marine fauna. However, slight differences in similar seabird species result in a range of responses which complicates our understanding of the effects of environmental changes to marine ecosystems. The present study investigated inter-annual differences in the breeding biology (breeding phenology, chick growth rates and breeding success) and environmental conditions (seasonal sea surface temperatures) of important foraging areas in two sympatric small Procellariiform species, the fairy prion (Pachyptila turtur) and the common diving petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), over four reproductive seasons (2017–2020) in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia. Marine heatwaves occurred during the years of 2018/19 and 2019/20 and coincided with years of delayed laying dates, slower chick growth and reduced breeding success, in both species. While fairy prions maintained a relatively high breeding success and broadly constant breeding phenology, common diving petrels delayed the start of the breeding season by up to 50 days and experienced dramatic collapses in breeding success in years of high marine heat wave occurrence. The difference in foraging ecology and physiological capacity (largely in the production of stomach oils and fasting abilities of adults and chicks) between both species are likely to influence the variability and phenology in the observed breeding seasons.

27

Fromant, Aymeric, Charles-André Bost, Paco Bustamante, Alice Carravieri, Yves Cherel, Karine Delord, Yonina H. Eizenberg, Colin M. Miskelly, and John P. Y. Arnould. "Temporal and spatial differences in the post-breeding behaviour of a ubiquitous Southern Hemisphere seabird, the common diving petrel." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (November 2020): 200670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200670.

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The non-breeding period plays a major role in seabird survival and population dynamics. However, our understanding of the migratory behaviour, moulting and feeding strategies of non-breeding seabirds is still very limited, especially for small-sized species. The present study investigated the post-breeding behaviour of three distant populations (Kerguelen Archipelago, southeastern Australia, New Zealand) of the common diving petrel (CDP) ( Pelecanoides urinatrix ), an abundant, widely distributed zooplanktivorous seabird breeding throughout the southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. The timing, geographical destination and activity pattern of birds were quantified through geolocator deployments during the post-breeding migration, while moult pattern of body feathers was investigated using stable isotope analysis. Despite the high energetic cost of flapping flight, all the individuals quickly travelled long distances (greater than approx. 2500 km) after the end of the breeding season, targeting oceanic frontal systems. The three populations, however, clearly diverged spatially (migration pathways and destinations), and temporally (timing and duration) in their post-breeding movements, as well as in their period of moult. Philopatry to distantly separated breeding grounds, different breeding phenologies and distinct post-breeding destinations suggest that the CDP populations have a high potential for isolation, and hence, speciation. These results contribute to improving knowledge of ecological divergence and evolution between populations, and inform the challenges of conserving migratory species.

28

Fischer, Johannes H., Igor Debski, Colin M. Miskelly, Charles A. Bost, Aymeric Fromant, Alan J. D. Tennyson, Jake Tessler, et al. "Analyses of phenotypic differentiations among South Georgian Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) populations reveal an undescribed and highly endangered species from New Zealand." PLOS ONE 13, no. 6 (June 27, 2018): e0197766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197766.

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29

Green, Brian, and Nigel Brothers. "Water and Sodium Turnover and Estimated Food Consumption Rates in Free-Living Fairy Prions (Pachyptila turtur) and Common Diving Petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix)." Physiological Zoology 62, no. 3 (May 1989): 702–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/physzool.62.3.30157922.

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Kim, Woongbae, Junghwan Byun, Jae-Kyeong Kim, Woo-Young Choi, Kirsten Jakobsen, Joachim Jakobsen, Dae-Young Lee, and Kyu-Jin Cho. "Bioinspired dual-morphing stretchable origami." Science Robotics 4, no. 36 (November 27, 2019): eaay3493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aay3493.

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Nature demonstrates adaptive and extreme shape morphing via unique patterns of movement. Many of them have been explained by monolithic shape-changing mechanisms, such as chemical swelling, skin stretching, origami/kirigami morphing, or geometric eversion, that were successfully mimicked in artificial analogs. However, there still remains an unexplored regime of natural morphing that cannot be reproduced in artificial systems by a “single-mode” morphing mechanism. One example is the “dual-mode” morphing of Eurypharynx pelecanoides (commonly known as the pelican eel), which first unfolds and then inflates its mouth to maximize the probability of engulfing the prey. Here, we introduce pelican eel–inspired dual-morphing architectures that embody quasi-sequential behaviors of origami unfolding and skin stretching in response to fluid pressure. In the proposed system, fluid paths were enclosed and guided by a set of entirely stretchable origami units that imitate the morphing principle of the pelican eel’s stretchable and foldable frames. This geometric and elastomeric design of fluid networks, in which fluid pressure acts in the direction that the whole body deploys first, resulted in a quasi-sequential dual-morphing response. To verify the effectiveness of our design rule, we built an artificial creature mimicking a pelican eel and reproduced biomimetic dual-morphing behavior. By compositing the basic dual-morphing unit cells into conventional origami frames, we demonstrated architectures of soft machines that exhibit deployment-combined adaptive gripping, crawling, and large range of underwater motion. This design principle may provide guidance for designing bioinspired, adaptive, and extreme shape-morphing systems.

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Holdaway, Richard N., Martin D. Jones, and Nancy R. Beavan Athfield. "Establishment and extinction of a population of South Georgian diving petrel(Pelecanoides georgicus)at Mason Bay, Stewart Island, New Zealand, during the late Holocene." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 33, no. 3 (September 2003): 601–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2003.9517748.

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CRUZ-JOFRÉ, FRANCO, and YERKO A. VILINA. "Ecología trófica de Athene cunicularia (Aves: Strigidae) en un sistema insular del norte de Chile: ¿posible respuesta funcional y numérica frente a Pelecanoides garnotii (Aves: Pelecanoididae)?" Gayana (Concepción) 78, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-65382014000100005.

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33

Fromant, Aymeric, John P. Y. Arnould, Karine Delord, Grace J. Sutton, Alice Carravieri, Paco Bustamante, Colin M. Miskelly, et al. "Stage-dependent niche segregation: insights from a multi-dimensional approach of two sympatric sibling seabirds." Oecologia, May 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-022-05181-0.

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AbstractNiche theory predicts that to reduce competition for the same resource, sympatric ecologically similar species should exploit divergent niches and segregate in one or more dimensions. Seasonal variations in environmental conditions and energy requirements can influence the mechanisms and the degree of niche segregation. However, studies have overlooked the multi-dimensional aspect of niche segregation over the whole annual cycle, and key facets of species co-existence still remain ambiguous. The present study provides insights into the niche use and partitioning of two morphologically and ecologically similar seabirds, the common (CDP, Pelecanoides urinatrix) and the South Georgian diving petrel (SGDP, Pelecanoides georgicus). Using phenology, at-sea distribution, diving behavior and isotopic data (during the incubation, chick-rearing and non-breeding periods), we show that the degree of partitioning was highly stage-dependent. During the breeding season, the greater niche segregation during chick-rearing than incubation supported the hypothesis that resource partitioning increases during energetically demanding periods. During the post breeding period, while species-specific latitudinal differences were expected (species specific water mass preference), CDP and SGDP also migrated in divergent directions. This segregation in migration area may not be only a response to the selective pressure arising from competition avoidance between sympatric species, but instead, could reflect past evolutionary divergence. Such stage-dependent and context-dependent niche segregation demonstrates the importance of integrative approaches combining techniques from different fields, throughout the entire annual cycle, to better understand the co-existence of ecologically similar species. This is particularly relevant in order to fully understand the short and long-term effects of ongoing environmental changes on species distributions and communities.This work demonstrates the need of integrative multi-dimensional approaches combining concepts and techniques from different fields to understand the mechanism and causal factors of niche segregation.

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Tennyson, Alan J. D., Alexander L. Bond, Joanne H. Cooper, and Johannes H. Fischer. "Lectotypification of the Subantarctic Diving Petrel Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul Salvin, 1896 (Procellariiformes: Procellariidae)." Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club 142, no. 3 (September 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.25226/bboc.v142i3.2022.a3.

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"Diet of Common Diving-petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix urinatrix) in Southeastern Australia During Chick Rearing." Waterbirds, December 1, 2008, 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695-31.4.620.

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Connan, Maëlle, Stefan Schoombie, Janine Schoombie, Ben Dilley, and Peter G. Ryan. "Natural recolonisation of sub-Antarctic Marion Island by Common Diving Petrels Pelecanoides urinatrix." Ostrich, December 3, 2022, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/00306525.2022.2150706.

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Dunphy, B. J., S. I. Vickers, J. Zhang, R. L. Sagar, T. J. Landers, S. J. Bury, A. J. R. Hickey, and M. J. Rayner. "Seabirds as environmental indicators: foraging behaviour and ecophysiology of common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) reflect local-scale differences in prey availability." Marine Biology 167, no. 4 (April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-3672-4.

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Fischer, Johannes H., Heiko U. Wittmer, Graeme A. Taylor, Igor Debski, and Doug P. Armstrong. "Preparing for translocations of a Critically Endangered petrel through targeted monitoring of nest survival and breeding biology." Oryx, April 29, 2021, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605320000794.

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Abstract The population of the recently-described Whenua Hou diving petrel Pelecanoides whenuahouensis comprises c. 200 adults that all breed in a single 0.018 km2 colony in a dune system vulnerable to erosion. The species would therefore benefit from the establishment of a second breeding population through a translocation. However, given the small size of the source population, it is essential that translocations are informed by carefully targeted monitoring data. We therefore modelled nest survival at the remaining population in relation to potential drivers (distance to sea and burrow density of conspecifics and a competitor) across three breeding seasons with varying climatic conditions as a result of the southern oscillation cycle. We also documented breeding phenology and burrow attendance, and measured chicks, to generate growth curves. We estimated egg survival at 0.686, chick survival at 0.890, overall nest survival at 0.612, and found no indication that nest survival was affected by distance to sea or burrow density. Whenua Hou diving petrels laid eggs in mid October, eggs hatched in late November, and chicks fledged in mid January at c. 86% of adult weight. Burrow attendance (i.e. feeds) decreased from 0.94 to 0.65 visits per night as chicks approached fledging. Nest survival and breeding biology were largely consistent among years despite variation in climate. Nest survival estimates will facilitate predictions about future population trends and suitability of prospective translocation sites. Knowledge of breeding phenology will inform the timing of collection of live chicks for translocation, and patterns of burrow attendance combined with growth curves will structure hand-rearing protocols. A tuhinga whakarāpopoto (te reo Māori abstract) can be found in the Supplementary material.

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Coleman, Jamie, Philip R. Hollyman, Andy Black, and Martin A. Collins. "Blinded by the light: Seabird collision events in South Georgia." Polar Biology, May 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-022-03045-0.

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AbstractLight-induced bird strikes on vessels occur frequently in association with areas of high seabird density, often resulting in bird mortalities. These incidents are poorly understood and likely under-reported by vessels. Here we present the details of four separate bird strike events (899, 206, 50 and 47 birds), which took place whilst vessels (two fishing trawlers and one tourist expedition ship) were navigating along the south coast of South Georgia, and discuss possible contributing factors. All species encountered in these events were burrowing petrel species in the family Procellariidae, with diving-petrel species (Pelecanoides spp.) being most commonly reported. All four events took place during the night in similar meteorological conditions, with poor visibility due to fog, light precipitation and low wind speeds. We identify the waters off the south coast, between King Haakon Bay and Drygalski Fjord, which have remained rat free and are of exceptional importance to breeding seabirds, as high risk for collisions and propose other high-risk areas. The different mortality rates recorded during these events are likely attributed to the varying actions taken by ship crew and persons on board. We propose actions that will help reduce the occurrence of events and mitigate the impact of bird strikes, including the avoidance of high-risk areas in certain night-time conditions. We give recommendations on what to do when birds land on board and stress the importance of reporting of events. Given the expected increase of both fishing and tourist ship activity in South Georgia waters, there is an increasing need to understand and mitigate this threat to seabirds.

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Bao, Miguel, Kaja M. Olsen, Arne Levsen, Paolo Cipriani, Lucilla Giulietti, Julia E. Storesund, Eva García-Seoane, and Egil Karlsbakk. "Characterization of Pseudoterranova ceticola (Nematoda: Anisakidae) larvae from meso/bathypelagic fishes off Macaronesia (NW Africa waters)." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (October 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22542-0.

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AbstractThe genus Pseudoterranova includes parasite species of cetaceans and pinnipeds. The third stage larva (L3) of seal-infecting species occur in second intermediate or paratenic fish hosts mainly in neritic waters. This study firstly describes a Pseudoterranova L3 from meso/bathypelagic fishes off Macaronesia. L3s were morphologically and genetically studied by light microscopy and sequencing of the mtDNA cox2 and entire ITS rDNA genes. Bayesian inferences were performed with sequences from the larvae and selected sequences from GenBank. The nematode L3s were molecularly identified as Pseudoterranova ceticola, a parasite of kogiid whales. Such larvae were collected from Bolinichthys indicus, Chauliodus danae, Eupharynx pelecanoides, Diaphus rafinesquii, D. mollis, Diretmus argenteus and Maulisia argipalla. They mainly occurred in the viscera of these fishes. Pseudoterranova ceticola L3 were small (< 12 mm) and whitish, and a prominent characteristic is a circumoral ridge extending from the ventral boring tooth which differentiate them from Pseudoterranova spp. L3 maturing in pinnipeds and Terranova sensu lato larvae that mature in poikilotherms. The shape of the tail: conical, long, pointed, ventrally curved and lacking mucron also distinguish these larvae from those of the pinniped-infecting Pseudoterranova spp. Phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA cox2 and ITS rDNA sequences suggest that P. ceticola is closely related to Skrjabinisakis spp., and not with Pseudoterranova spp. parasitizing pinnipeds. The related species Skrjabinisakis paggiae, S. brevispiculata and S. physeteris (until recently belonging to genus Anisakis), are as P. ceticola also parasites of physeteroid cetaceans. The morphology and morphological variation of the larvae of the cetacean parasite P. ceticola is thoroughly described for the first time. These L3 can readily be morphologically distinguished from those of the pinniped-infecting Pseudoterranova spp. The parasite likely completes its life cycle in the mesopelagic and bathypelagic realm, with meso/bathypelagic fish as 2nd intermediate or paratenic hosts and kogiids as final host. Thus, Pseudoterranova from cetaceans appear to be morphologically, genetically, and ecologically differentiated to those from pinnipeds, suggesting that they are not congeneric.