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Статті в журналах з теми "Phalaris Genetics"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 31 січня 2023

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1

Langridge, Peter, Ute Baumann, and Juan Juttner. "Revisiting and Revising the Self-Incompatibility Genetics of Phalaris coerulescens." Plant Cell 11, no. 10 (October 1999): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3871079.

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2

Langridge, Peter, Ute Baumann, and Juan Juttner. "Revisiting and Revising the Self-Incompatibility Genetics of Phalaris coerulescens." Plant Cell 11, no. 10 (October 1999): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.11.10.1826.

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3

KNOWLES, R. P. "GENETICS OF SEED COLOR IN REED CANARYGRASS, Phalaris arundinacea L." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps87-141.

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A yellow-seeded mutant of reed canarygrass was crossed with normal black-seeded plants and F2 and test-cross populations observed for seed color. Disomic inheritance was postulated with two recessive genes y1 and y2 being responsible for yellow seed color. Black-seeded plants were designated Y1Y1Y2Y2 although in two black-seeded plants one locus appeared heterozygous, i.e. Y1y1Y2Y2, thereby suggesting that the alleles for yellow seed may occur quite frequently in this species.Key words: Reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea L., seed color, disomic inheritance, genetics

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4

ØSTREM, LIV. "Studies on genetic variation in reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea L." Hereditas 108, no. 1 (February 14, 2008): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1988.tb00688.x.

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5

Schönfeld, Mordechay, Tuvia Yaacoby, Orly Michael, and Baruch Rubin. "Triazine Resistance without Reduced Vigor in Phalaris paradoxa." Plant Physiology 83, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.83.2.329.

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6

Bian, X. Y., A. Friedrich, J. R. Bai, U. Baumann, D. L. Hayman, S. J. Barker, and P. Langridge. "High-resolution mapping of the S and Z loci of Phalaris coerulescens." Genome 47, no. 5 (October 1, 2004): 918–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-017.

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Self incompatibility (SI) in Phalaris coerulescens is gametophytically determined by two unlinked multi allelic loci (S and Z). Neither the S nor Z genes have yet been cloned. As part of a map-based cloning strategy, high-resolution maps of the S and Z regions were generated from distorted segregating populations using RFLP probes from wheat, barley, oat, and Phalaris. The S locus was delimited to 0.26 cM with two boundary markers (Xwg811 and Xpsr168) and cosegregated with Xbm2 and Xbcd762. Xbcd266 was the closest marker linked to Z (0.9 cM). A high level of colinearity in the S and Z regions

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7

Schönfeld, Mordechay, Tuvia Yaacoby, Adi Ben-Yehuda, Baruch Rubin, and Joseph Hirschberg. "Triazine Resistance in Phalaris paradoxa: Physiological and Molecular Analyses." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 42, no. 6 (June 1, 1987): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1987-0623.

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Triazine resistance in a mutant biotype of Phalaris paradoxa is accompanied by changes in the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve, and by reduced quantum yield for electron transport, indicating altered photosystem II activity. However, light-saturated rates of electron transport in isolated chloroplasts, rates of CO2 uptake in leaves and dry weight production of the triazine resistant biotype, are equal or superior to those of the wild type. A single mutation in the psbA gene, leading to a serine to glycine shift at position 264 of the thylakoid membrane 32 kDa Qв- protein. was found in

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8

ÖSTERGREN, GUNNAR. "PRODUCTION OF POLYPLOIDS AND ANEUPLOIDS OF PHALARIS BY MEANS OF NITROUS OXIDE." Hereditas 43, no. 3-4 (July 9, 2010): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1957.tb03453.x.

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9

Oram, R. N. "Phalaris canariensis is a domesticated form of P. brachystachys." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51, no. 3 (May 2004): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:gres.0000024011.22191.82.

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10

Requis, J., and R. A. Culvenor. "Progress in improving aluminium tolerance in the perennial grass, phalaris." Euphytica 139, no. 1 (2004): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-4043-9.

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11

Li, Jingzhao, Monica Båga, Pierre Hucl, and Ravindra N. Chibbar. "Development of microsatellite markers in canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.)." Molecular Breeding 28, no. 4 (October 9, 2010): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11032-010-9513-2.

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12

ØSTREM, LIV. "Studies on genetic variation in reed canarygrass, Phalaris arundinacea L. I. Alkaloid type and concentration." Hereditas 107, no. 2 (February 14, 2008): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1987.tb00290.x.

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13

Golmohammadzadeh, Sajedeh, Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado, Jose G. Vázquez-García, Yolanda Romano, Maria D. Osuna, Javid Gherekhloo, and Rafael De Prado. "Cross-resistance mechanisms to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in short-spike canarygrass (Phalaris brachystachys)." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 151 (June 2020): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.037.

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14

Moreno, M. V., and A. E. Perelló. "First report of Stagonospora foliicola on harding grass (Phalaris aquatica) in Argentina." Plant Pathology 56, no. 4 (August 2007): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01596.x.

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15

Cogliatti, M., F. Bongiorno, H. Dalla Valle, and W. J. Rogers. "Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09200.

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Анотація:

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for al

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16

Voshell, Stephanie M., and Khidir W. Hilu. "Canary Grasses (Phalaris, Poaceae): biogeography, molecular dating and the role of floret structure in dispersal." Molecular Ecology 23, no. 1 (November 28, 2013): 212–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.12575.

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17

Jakubowski, Andrew R., Randall D. Jackson, R. C. Johnson, Jinguo Hu, and Michael D. Casler. "Genetic diversity and population structure of Eurasian populations of reed canarygrass: cytotypes, cultivars, and interspecific hybrids." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 11 (2011): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp11232.

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Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is an important forage crop and potential biofuel feedstock due to its wide environmental adaptation. The P. arundinacea ‘species complex’ is made up of three cytotypes, 2x, 4x, and 6x, with the 4x cytotype (P. arundinacea L.) most common. Active breeding programs have developed cultivars since the early 20th Century, but little is known about the genetics of the species complex. With the aid of DNA markers, we evaluated the population structure of 83 wild accessions collected throughout Eurasia, 24 cultivars, and the genetic relationship between 4x a

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18

Batish, Daizy R., Harminder Pal Singh, Ravinder K. Kohli, Shalinder Kaur, Dinesh B. Saxena, and Surender Yadav. "Assessment of Phytotoxicity of Parthenin." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2007): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-5-609.

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Phytotoxicity of parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone, was evaluated against four weedy species (Amaranthus viridis, Cassia occidentalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Phalaris minor) through a series of experiments conducted under laboratory or greenhouse conditions to assess its herbicidal potential. Under laboratory conditions, parthenin (0.5 - 2 mm) severely reduced seedling growth (root and shoot) and dry weight of test weeds. However, the effect was greater on root growth. Parthenin (1 mm) suppressed the mitotic activity in the onion root tip cells that could possibly be responsible for the

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19

Li, Xinmin, Rongqing Guo, Carsten Pedersen, David Hayman, and Peter Langridge. "Physical Localization of rRNA Genes by Two-Colour Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization and Sequence Analysis of the 5s rRNA Gene in Phalaris Coerulescens." Hereditas 126, no. 3 (May 11, 2004): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1997.00289.x.

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20

Lamptey, J. N. L., R. T. Plumb, and M. W. Shaw. "Interactions between the Grasses Phalaris arundinacea, Miscanthus sinensis and Echinochloa crus-galli, and Barley and Cereal Yellow Dwarf Viruses." Journal of Phytopathology 151, no. 7-8 (August 2003): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00752.x.

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21

Pažoutová, S., B. Cagaš, R. Kolínská, and A. Honzátko. "Host specialization of different populations of ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea)." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 38, No. 2 (July 30, 2012): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6115-cjgpb.

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In our previous study of Claviceps purpurea three populations were found: G1 on open localities, G2 from shady or wet habitats and G3 on Spartina stands of coastal salt marshes. The latter two are also chemoraces. In the Czech Republic, isolates of G1 and G2 were found. The ability of four isolates representing these populations to infect and develop sclerotia on different host species (Holcus lanatus, Helictotrichon pubescens, Phalaris arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus inermis, Bromus erectus, Elytrigia repens, Avenella flexuosa, Lolium perenne, Poa nemoralis, Poa

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22

Dar, Abubakar, Zahir Ahmad Zahir, Hafiz Naeem Asghar, and Rashid Ahmad. "Preliminary screening of rhizobacteria for biocontrol of little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in wheat." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 5 (May 2020): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2019-0427.

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Conventional weed control methods often have environmental impact. The present study was conducted to screen selected accessions of Pseudomonas for both potential biocontrol of Phalaris minor and Avena fatua and potential concurrent growth promotion of wheat. The four Pseudomonas strains (B11, T19, T24, and T75) were found positive for cyanide production, siderophore production, phosphorus solubilization, oxidase activity, catalase activity, and ACC deaminase activity in vitro. These strains were phytotoxic, causing up to 73.3% mortality in the lettuce seedling bioassay. Consortia of compatibl

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23

Perry, Laura G., and Susan M. Galatowitsch. "Light competition for invasive species control: A model of cover crop–weed competition and implications for Phalaris arundinacea control in sedge meadow wetlands." Euphytica 148, no. 1-2 (March 2006): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-5946-4.

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24

Fraser, J., and H. T. Kunelius. "Herbage yield and composition of white clover/grass associations in Atlantic Canada." Journal of Agricultural Science 125, no. 3 (December 1995): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600084872.

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SUMMARYWhite clover cultivars Sacramento ladino, Sonja and Aberystwyth S.184 were assessed for dry matter (DM) yields, clover content and herbage quality in monostand and in 50:50 mixtures with grasses under cutting at Truro, Nova Scotia and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island between 1986 and 1989. Grasses were: orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). Dry matter yields ranged from 6158 to 11645 kg/ha and were highest in white clover/orchardgrass and white clover/timothy at Tru

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25

Ilbagi, H., F. Rabenstein, A. Habekuss, F. Ordon, A. Citir, O. Cebeci, and H. Budak. "Molecular, serological and transmission electron microscopic analysis of the barley yellow dwarf virus-PAVand the cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV in canary seed (Phalaris canariensisL.)." Cereal Research Communications 36, no. 2 (June 2008): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.36.2008.2.3.

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26

Winterfeld, Grit, Hannes Becher, Stephanie Voshell, Khidir Hilu, and Martin Röser. "Karyotype evolution in Phalaris (Poaceae): The role of reductional dysploidy, polyploidy and chromosome alteration in a wide-spread and diverse genus." PLOS ONE 13, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): e0192869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192869.

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27

Iqbal, J., and D. Wright. "Effects of water deficit and competition on net photosynthesis of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two annual weeds (Phalaris minor Retz. and Chenopodium album L.)." Cereal Research Communications 26, no. 1 (March 1998): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03543472.

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28

Perrino, Enrico Vito, and Robert Philipp Wagensommer. "Crop Wild Relatives (CWRs) Threatened and Endemic to Italy: Urgent Actions for Protection and Use." Biology 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020193.

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Анотація:

An updated overview of the 29 threatened crop wild relatives (CWRs) endemic to Italy is presented, namely: Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. nebrodense, Barbarea rupicola, Brassica baldensis, Brassica glabrescens, Brassica macrocarpa, Brassica rupestris subsp. hispida, Brassica rupestris subsp. rupestris, Brassica tardarae, Brassicatrichocarpa, Brassica tyrrhena, Brassica villosa subsp. bivonana, Brassica villosa subsp. brevisiliqua, Brassica villosa subsp. drepanensis, Brassica villosa subsp. tineoi, Brassica villosa subsp. villosa, Daucus broteroi, Daucus carota subsp. rupestris, Daucus nebrodens

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29

Winterfeld, Grit, Hannes Becher, Stephanie Voshell, Khidir Hilu, and Martin Röser. "Correction: Karyotype evolution in Phalaris (Poaceae): The role of reductional dysploidy, polyploidy and chromosome alteration in a wide-spread and diverse genus." PLOS ONE 13, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): e0195889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195889.

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30

Sýkorová, Zuzana, Boris Börstler, Soňa Zvolenská, Judith Fehrer, Milan Gryndler, Miroslav Vosátka, and Dirk Redecker. "Long-term tracing of Rhizophagus irregularis isolate BEG140 inoculated on Phalaris arundinacea in a coal mine spoil bank, using mitochondrial large subunit rDNA markers." Mycorrhiza 22, no. 1 (April 28, 2011): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-011-0375-1.

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31

Matus-Cádiz, Maria, and Pierre Hucl. "Morphological variation within and among five annual Phalaris species." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p01-050.

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Анотація:

Accessions of annual canarygrass (Phalaris canariensis L.; 2n = 2x = 12) held within germplasm collections generally lack adequate genetic characterization for utilization in crop improvement. The objective of this study was to assess the level of morphological variation of accessions of five annual Phalaris species, including 49 annual canarygrass, 48 P. minor Retz. (2n = 4x = 28), 24 P. brachystachys (2n = 2x = 12), 19 P. paradoxa L. (2n = 2x = 14), and three P. angusta Nees ex Tris. (2n = 2x = 14). In 1993 and 1994, accessions were grown under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions, respe

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32

He, Z., L. P. Bentley, and A. S. Holaday. "Greater seasonal carbon gain across a broad temperature range contributes to the invasive potential of Phalaris arundinacea (Poaceae; reed canary grass) over the native sedge Carex stricta (Cyperaceae)." American Journal of Botany 98, no. 1 (December 2, 2010): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1000179.

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33

Annese, Vito, Eugenio Cazzato, and Antonio Corleto. "Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Natural Ecotypes of Perennial Grasses (Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Phalaris tuberosa L., Brachypodium rupestre (Host) R. et S.) Collected in Southern Italy." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53, no. 2 (March 2006): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10722-004-1808-x.

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34

HONGO, A., and M. AKIMOTO. "The role of incisors in selective grazing by cattle and horses." Journal of Agricultural Science 140, no. 4 (June 2003): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859603003083.

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To clarify the role of the incisors in selective grazing by cattle and horses, experiments were conducted in July 1999, using three Holstein cattle and three thoroughbred horses to investigate bite weight and bite force using hand-constructed swards with 15 loadcells spaced 6×12 cm apart. Leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne: PRG) were mixed with leaves of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea: TF) or reproductive culms of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea: RCG).There was little difference between cattle and horses in bite rate, but DM intake rate of horses was almost twice that of cat

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35

Culvenor, RA, RN Oram, and JT Wood. "Inheritance of aluminium tolerance in Phalaris aquatica L." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 4 (1986): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9860397.

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Анотація:

The inheritance of aluminium tolerance in P. aquatica was investigated in solution culture, and correlations with other screening systems were determined. In the Israeli cultivar, Noy, the difference between the highly sensitive and moderately tolerant classes, which had been resolved in earlier experiments, can be largely explained by a two-gene hypothesis in which tolerance requires at least one dominant allele at each locus. Modifiers of these genes may also be involved. Assuming that the extensive continuous variation within the moderately tolerant class is polygenic, a quantitative inheri

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36

Guobin, L., DR Kemp, and GB Liu. "Water stress affects the productivity, growth components, competitiveness and water relations of phalaris and white clover growing in a mixed pasture." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 3 (1992): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920659.

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Анотація:

The effect of water stress during summer and recovery after rain on herbage accumulation, leaf growth components, stomatal conductance and leaf water relations of white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica cv. Australian Commercial) was studied in an established mixed pasture under dryland (dry) or irrigated (wet) conditions. Soil water deficits under dry conditions reached 150 mm and soil water potentials in the top 20 cm declined to nearly -2 MPa after 50 days of dry weather. Water stress severely restricted growth of both species but then after rain fell, whit

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37

Cheng, Kai Kai, Juan Du, Yan Hua Huang, Casler Michael, and Yun Wei Zhang. "Genetic Diversity of Phalaris arundinacea Linn Germplasm Detected by SRAP Markers." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4494.

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Анотація:

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker was used to detect the genetic diversity of 25 accessions of Phalaris arundinacea Linn that collected from the USA, Russia, Kazakhstan, Canada, LanZhou and HuBei. The following results were obtained: 1) Sixteen primer pairs produced 131 polymorphic bands, with an average of 8.19 bands per primer pair. The percentage of polymorphic bands on average was 89.25%. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.784 to 0.9069, with an average of 0.8696. 2) The Neis genetic similarity coefficient of the tested accessions ranged

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38

Gifford, Amy LS, Jean-Baptiste Ferdy, and Jane Molofsky. "Genetic composition and morphological variation among populations of the invasive grass, Phalaris arundinacea." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-063.

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Анотація:

Species that become invasive after being introduced into a new range often experience genetic bottlenecks and strong selection to adapt to their new environment. We looked for evidence of such processes in unmanaged populations of invasive reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.). This grass species is planted as a forage crop in North America but has also invaded wetland areas. We compared isozyme variation in pasture and wetland populations of this species. We did not find any indication of a genetic bottleneck: wetland populations comprised as much diversity as pasture populations and bo

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39

Oram, Rex, and Greg Lodge. "Trends in temperate Australian grass breeding and selection." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02137.

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Анотація:

Current trends in grass cultivar development are reviewed, with respect to the range of species involved, and the objectives and methodology within each species. Extrapolations and predictions are made about future directions and methodologies. It is assumed that selection will necessarily cater for the following environmental changes: (1) higher year-round temperatures, higher variability of rainfall incidence, and lower total winter and spring rainfall along the south of the continent; (2) higher nutrient and lime inputs as land utilisation intensifies; and (3) the grazing management require

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40

Hopkins, Andy, Malay Saha, and Lili Zhou. "The Noble Foundation hardinggrass (Phalaris aquatica) breeding program." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 12 (January 1, 2006): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.12.2006.3037.

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Hardinggrass has the potential to provide grazing during the fall to spring months in the south central USA. Here we describe a breeding program focused on developing improved hardinggrass cultivars for this region. More than 300 accessions were evaluated for persistence under heavy grazing in Oklahoma. The most promising of these accessions were evaluated for genetic diversity using AFLP markers. Accessions clustered closely in agreement with geographic origins with populations from Morocco representing a potentially novel source of germplasm. Two distinct breeding populations were constructe

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Culvenor, RA, RN Oram, and DJ David. "Genetic variability for manganese concentration in Phalaris aquatica growing in acid soil." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 4 (1986): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9860409.

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High levels of manganese in forage can retard the growth of livestock. The feasibility of breeding for lower manganese concentration in shoots of phalaris was examined in a variable population growing in acid, manganiferous soil. Sampling leaves of a particular physiological age in a field-growing breeding population provided an adequate indicator of manganese concentrations in whole shoots. Significant family differences were demonstrated. When transferred to sand culture, high manganese selections maintained consistently higher tissue manganese concentrations than low manganese selections ov

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Culvenor, Richard, Suzanne Boschma, and Kevin Reed. "Recurrent selection for grazing tolerance in winter-active populations of the perennial grass, Phalaris aquatica L." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 12 (January 1, 2006): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.12.2006.3041.

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Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) is a perennial grass of Mediterranean origin used widely by the sheep and cattle industries of south-eastern Australia. Winter-active cultivars released since the 1970's have the potential for higher herbage productivity than the earlier, semi-winter dormant cultivars but have been reported to be less persistent under sub-optimal grazing management and soil conditions. To improve genetic potential for persistence in winter-active phalaris, a program of recurrent selection was conducted by subjecting three populations of half-sib families to two cycles of selecti

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Oram, R. N., V. Ferreira, R. A. Culvenor, A. A. Hopkins, and A. Stewart. "The first century of Phalaris aquatica L. cultivation and genetic improvement: a review." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08170.

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2006 marked the centenary of the commercial propagation of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) as a cultivated pasture plant, firstly in Australia, and soon after in New Zealand, South Africa, and North and South America. Small-scale evaluation of cv. Australian began in the Toowoomba Botanic Gardens, Queensland, in 1884. The first recorded large-scale production of seed was at the Glen Innes Research Farm of the NSW Department of Agriculture in February 1906. By 1908–15, several graziers in Australia and New Zealand sold seed widely within Australia, New Zealand, USA, Argentina, and South Africa.

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Yudina, R. S., and E. K. Khlestkina. "The genetic diversity of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceae L.) assessed by isozyme markers." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 20, no. 3 (January 1, 2016): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj16.106.

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Ingvarsson, Pär K. "Kin-structured colonization in Phalacrus substriatus." Heredity 80, no. 4 (April 1998): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00306.x.

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Cogliatti, M., F. Bongiorno, H. Dalla Valle, and W. J. Rogers. "Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 1 (January 2011): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps09194.

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Cogliatti, M., Bongiorno, F., Dalla Valle, H. and Rogers, W. J. 2011. Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 37–48. Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per s

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McROBERTS, N., W. SINCLAIR, A. McPHERSON, A. C. FRANKE, R. P. SAHARAN, R. K. MALIK, S. SINGH, and G. MARSHALL. "An assessment of genetic diversity within and between populations of Phalaris minor using ISSR markers." Weed Research 45, no. 6 (December 2005): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00483.x.

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Brodersen, Craig, Sébastien Lavergne, and Jane Molofsky. "Genetic variation in photosynthetic characteristics among invasive and native populations of reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)." Biological Invasions 10, no. 8 (January 11, 2008): 1317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-007-9206-x.

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Ingvarsson, Pär K., and Katarina Olsson. "Hierarchical genetic structure and effective population sizes in Phalacrus substriatus." Heredity 79, no. 2 (August 1997): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1997.138.

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Morrison, Shannon L., and Jane Molofsky. "Environmental and genetic effects on the early survival and growth of the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 10 (January 18, 2000): 1447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-102.

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Both genetic and environmental factors can determine whether an invasive plant species will establish. To determine how these factors influence the establishment of the invasive grass Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass), we grew three genotypes in 10 artificial environments and asked how a genotype's growth and survivorship was affected by environmental conditions. We found that genotype strongly influenced survivorship, but there was no significant effect of environment on survivorship. However, environmental conditions did significantly affect growth. Individual plants produced more

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