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Статті в журналах з теми "Pili (Microbiology)"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Hendrickx, Antoni P. A., Claudia M. E. Schapendonk, Miranda van Luit-Asbroek, Marc J. M. Bonten, Willem van Schaik, and Rob J. L. Willems. "Differential PilA pilus assembly by a hospital-acquired and a community-derived Enterococcus faecium isolate." Microbiology 156, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 2649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.041392-0.

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Pili are hair-like structures protruding from the cell envelope of bacterial cells. Here, we describe the conditional and differential display of PilA-type pili, and PilE and PilF proteins, encoded from pilin gene cluster 1 at the surface of a hospital-acquired Enterococcus faecium bloodstream isolate (E1165) and a community-derived stool isolate (E1039), at two different temperatures. Both strains have virtually identical pilA gene clusters, as determined by sequencing. Western blotting and transmission immunoelectron microscopy revealed that PilA and PilF assembled into high-molecular-mass p

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2

Sauvonnet, Nathalie, Pierre Gounon, and Anthony P. Pugsley. "PpdD Type IV Pilin of Escherichia coliK-12 Can Be Assembled into Pili in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 848–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.3.848-854.2000.

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ABSTRACT Escherichia coli K-12 possesses at least 16 chromosomal genes related to genes involved in the formation of type IV pili in other gram-negative bacteria. However, E. coli K-12 does not produce type IV pili when grown under standard laboratory conditions. The results of reverse transcription-PCR, operon fusion analysis, and immunoblotting demonstrated that several of the putativeE. coli piliation genes are expressed at very low levels. Increasing the level of expression of the major pilin gene (ppdD) and the linked assembly genes hofB andhofC (homologues of the Pseudomonas aeruginosaty

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3

Graupner, Stefan, Verena Frey, Rozita Hashemi, Michael G. Lorenz, Gudrun Brandes, and Wilfried Wackernagel. "Type IV Pilus Genes pilA andpilC of Pseudomonas stutzeri Are Required for Natural Genetic Transformation, and pilA Can Be Replaced by Corresponding Genes from Nontransformable Species." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 2184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.8.2184-2190.2000.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas stutzeri lives in terrestrial and aquatic habitats and is capable of natural genetic transformation. After transposon mutagenesis, transformation-deficient mutants were isolated from a P. stutzeri JM300 strain. In one of them a gene which coded for a protein with 75% amino acid sequence identity to PilC of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an accessory protein for type IV pilus biogenesis, was inactivated. The presence of type IV pili was demonstrated by susceptibility to the type IV pilus-dependent phage PO4, by occurrence of twitching motility, and by electron microscopy. The pilC

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4

Bertrand, Jacob J., Joyce T. West, and Joanne N. Engel. "Genetic Analysis of the Regulation of Type IV Pilus Function by the Chp Chemosensory System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 4 (December 11, 2009): 994–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01390-09.

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ABSTRACT The virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves the coordinate expression of many virulence factors, including type IV pili, which are required for colonization of host tissues and for twitching motility. Type IV pilus function is controlled in part by the Chp chemosensory system, which includes a histidine kinase, ChpA, and two CheY-like response regulators, PilG and PilH. How the Chp components interface with the type IV pilus motor proteins PilB, PilT, and PilU is unknown. We present genetic evidence confirming the role of ChpA, PilG, and PilB in the reg

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5

Villar, Maria T., Jennifer T. Helber, Becky Hood, Michael R. Schaefer, and Rona L. Hirschberg. "Eikenella corrodens Phase Variation Involves a Posttranslational Event in Pilus Formation." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 14 (July 15, 1999): 4154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.14.4154-4160.1999.

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ABSTRACT The human pathogen Eikenella corrodens synthesizes type IV pili and exhibits a phase variation involving the irreversible transition from piliated to nonpiliated variants. On solid medium, piliated variants form small (S-phase), corroding colonies whereas nonpiliated variants form large (L-phase), noncorroding colonies. We are studying the molecular basis of this phase variation in the clinical isolate E. corrodens VA1. A genomic fragment encoding the major type IV pilin was cloned from the S-phase variant of strain VA1. Sequence analysis of the fragment revealed four tandemly arrange

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6

Li, Yinuo, Renate Lux, Andrew E. Pelling, James K. Gimzewski, and Wenyuan Shi. "Analysis of type IV pilus and its associated motility in Myxococcus xanthus using an antibody reactive with native pilin and pili." Microbiology 151, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27614-0.

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Myxococcus xanthus possesses a social gliding motility that requires type IV pili (TFP). According to the current model, M. xanthus pili attach to an external substrate and retract, pulling the cell body forward along their long axis. By analogy with the situation in other bacteria employing TFP-dependent motility, M. xanthus pili have been assumed to be composed of pilin (PilA) subunits, but this has not previously been confirmed. The first 28 amino acids of the M. xanthus PilA protein share extensive homology with the N-terminal oligomerization domain of pilins in other bacterial species. To

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7

Scheuerpflug, Ina, Thomas Rudel, Roland Ryll, Jasmine Pandit, and Thomas F. Meyer. "Roles of PilC and PilE Proteins in Pilus-Mediated Adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis to Human Erythrocytes and Endothelial and Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 834–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.2.834-843.1999.

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ABSTRACT Unlike other type 4 pili, the neisserial pili consist of at least two distinct proteins, the highly variable major subunit PilE forming the pilus fiber and the tip-associated adhesin PilC. PilC protein purified either from gonococci or from Escherichia coliinteracted with different human epithelial cell lines, primary epithelial and endothelial cells. The binding of PilC protein efficiently prevented the attachment of piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis to these cell types. Fluorescent beads coated with pili prepared from piliated wild-type N. gonorrhoeae also ad

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8

Jelsbak, Lotte, and Dale Kaiser. "Regulating Pilin Expression Reveals a Threshold for S Motility in Myxococcus xanthus." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 6 (March 15, 2005): 2105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.6.2105-2112.2005.

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ABSTRACT An isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter was constructed in Myxococcus xanthus. The single-copy pilA gene encodes pilin, the monomer unit of M. xanthus type IV pili. To vary the level of pilA expression, we cloned its promoter in front of the lac operator, and a plasmid containing the construct was inserted into the chromosome of a ΔpilA strain. Induction of pilin expression increased smoothly as the dose of IPTG added to the culture was increased. IPTG-induced pilin rescued S motility of the ΔpilA strain to wild-type levels. The rate of S-motile swarming was f

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9

Bakaletz, Lauren O., Beth D. Baker, Joseph A. Jurcisek, Alistair Harrison, Laura A. Novotny, James E. Bookwalter, Rachna Mungur, and Robert S. Munson. "Demonstration of Type IV Pilus Expression and a Twitching Phenotype by Haemophilus influenzae." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 3 (March 2005): 1635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.3.1635-1643.2005.

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ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae is considered a nonmotile organism that expresses neither flagella nor type IV pili, although H. influenzae strain Rd possesses a cryptic pilus locus. We demonstrate here that the homologous gene cluster pilABCD in an otitis media isolate of nontypeable H. influenzae strain 86-028NP encodes a surface appendage that is highly similar, structurally and functionally, to the well-characterized subgroup of bacterial pili known as type IV pili. This gene cluster includes a gene (pilA) that likely encodes the major subunit of the heretofore uncharacterized H. influenza

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10

Macdonald, D. L., B. L. Pasloske, and W. Paranchych. "Mutations in the fifth-position glutamate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilin affect the transmethylation of the N-terminal phenylalanine." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-071.

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The pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are composed of 15-kDa pilin monomers that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and assembled in the membrane. Processing occurs between the synthesis and assembly steps. The propilin is cleaved by a unique leader peptidase encoded by pilD, which is adjacent to the pilin structural gene pilA. This generates an N-terminal phenylalanine that is subsequently methylated by an as yet uncharacterized transmethylase. The pili of P. aeruginosa belong to the type IV class of pilins, which share a highly conserved N-terminal region 35 amino acids in length, containing a sh

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11

Hansen, Johanna K., Karen P. Demick, John M. Mansfield, and Katrina T. Forest. "Conserved Regions from Neisseria gonorrhoeae Pilin Are Immunosilent and Not Immunosuppressive." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 8 (June 11, 2007): 4138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02015-06.

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ABSTRACT PilE is the primary subunit of type IV pili from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and contains a surface-exposed hypervariable region thought to be one feature of pili that has prevented development of a pilin-based vaccine. We have created a three-dimensional structure-based antigen by replacing the hypervariable region of PilE with an aspartate-glutamine linker chosen from the sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PilA. We then characterized murine immune responses to this novel protein to determine if conserved PilE regions could serve as a vaccine candidate. The control PilE protein elicited st

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12

Stone, Barbara J., and Yousef Abu Kwaik. "Natural Competence for DNA Transformation by Legionella pneumophila and Its Association with Expression of Type IV Pili." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 5 (March 1, 1999): 1395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.5.1395-1402.1999.

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ABSTRACT We have recently described the expression of two pili of different lengths on the surface of Legionella pneumophila (B. J. Stone and Y. Abu Kwaik, Infect. Immun. 66:1768–1775, 1998). Production of long pili requires a functional pilE L locus, encoding a type IV pilin protein. Since type IV pili in Neisseria gonorrhoeaeare associated with competence for DNA transformation, we examined the competence of L. pneumophila for DNA transformation under conditions that allowed the expression of type IV pili. We show that L. pneumophila is naturally competent for DNA transformation by isogenic

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13

Luke, Nicole R., Amy J. Howlett, Jianqiang Shao, and Anthony A. Campagnari. "Expression of Type IV Pili by Moraxella catarrhalis Is Essential for Natural Competence and Is Affected by Iron Limitation." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 11 (November 2004): 6262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.11.6262-6270.2004.

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ABSTRACT Type IV pili, filamentous surface appendages primarily composed of a single protein subunit termed pilin, play a crucial role in the initiation of disease by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. Although previous electron microscopic studies suggested that pili might be present on the surface of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates, detailed molecular and phenotypic analyses of these structures have not been reported to date. We identified and cloned the M. catarrhalis genes encoding PilA, the major pilin subunit, PilQ, the outer membrane secretin through which the pilus filament is extrude

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14

Winther-Larsen, Hanne C., Matthew C. Wolfgang, Jos P. M. van Putten, Norbert Roos, Finn Erik Aas, Wolfgang M. Egge-Jacobsen, Berenike Maier, and Michael Koomey. "Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV Pilus Expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Effects of Pilin Subunit Composition on Function and Organelle Dynamics." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 18 (June 15, 2007): 6676–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00407-07.

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ABSTRACT Type IV pili (TFP) play central roles in the expression of many phenotypes including motility, multicellular behavior, sensitivity to bacteriophages, natural genetic transformation, and adherence. In Neisseria gonorrhoeae, these properties require ancillary proteins that act in conjunction with TFP expression and influence organelle dynamics. Here, the intrinsic contributions of the pilin protein itself to TFP dynamics and associated phenotypes were examined by expressing the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PilAPAK pilin subunit in N. gonorrhoeae. We show here that, although PilAPAK pilin can

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15

Chiang, Poney, Marc Habash, and Lori L. Burrows. "Disparate Subcellular Localization Patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV Pilus ATPases Involved in Twitching Motility." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 3 (February 1, 2005): 829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.3.829-839.2005.

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ABSTRACT The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses polar type IV pili (TFP), which are responsible for adhesion to various materials and twitching motility on surfaces. Twitching occurs by alternate extension and retraction of TFP, which arise from assembly and disassembly of pilin subunits at the base of the pilus. The ATPase PilB promotes pilin assembly, while the ATPase PilT or PilU or both promote pilin dissociation. Fluorescent fusions to two of the three ATPases (PilT and PilU) were functional, as shown by complementation of the corresponding mutants. PilB and PilT fusi

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16

Mahmoud, Khaled K., and Susan F. Koval. "Characterization of type IV pili in the life cycle of the predator bacterium Bdellovibrio." Microbiology 156, no. 4 (April 1, 2010): 1040–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.036137-0.

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Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) are obligate prokaryotic predators of other Gram-negative bacteria. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is the most studied organism among BALOs. It has a periplasmic life cycle with two major stages: a motile, non-replicative stage spent searching for prey (the attack phase) and a stage spent inside the periplasm of the Gram-negative prey cell (the growth phase) after forming an osmotically stable body termed the bdelloplast. Within Bdellovibrio, there are also strains exhibiting an epibiotic life cycle. The genome sequence of the type strain B. bacteriovorus HD

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17

Long, Cynthia D., Stanley F. Hayes, Jos P. M. van Putten, Hillery A. Harvey, Michael A. Apicella, and H. Steven Seifert. "Modulation of Gonococcal Piliation by Regulatable Transcription of pilE." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 1600–1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.5.1600-1609.2001.

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ABSTRACT The gonococcal pilus, a member of the type IV family of pili, is composed of numerous monomers of the pilin protein and plays an important role in the initiation of disease by providing the primary attachment of the bacterial cell to human mucosal tissues. Piliation also correlates with efficient DNA transformation. To investigate the relationships between these pilus-related functions, the piliation state, and the availability of pilin, we constructed a derivative of MS11-C9 (ΔpilE1) in which the lacIOPregulatory sequences control pilE transcription. In this strain, MS11-C9.10, the s

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18

Liu, Xing, Pier-Luc Tremblay, Nikhil S. Malvankar, Kelly P. Nevin, Derek R. Lovley, and Madeline Vargas. "A Geobacter sulfurreducens Strain Expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV Pili Localizes OmcS on Pili but Is Deficient in Fe(III) Oxide Reduction and Current Production." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 3 (December 2, 2013): 1219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02938-13.

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ABSTRACTThe conductive pili ofGeobacterspecies play an important role in electron transfer to Fe(III) oxides, in long-range electron transport through current-producing biofilms, and in direct interspecies electron transfer. Although multiple lines of evidence have indicated that the pili ofGeobacter sulfurreducenshave a metal-like conductivity, independent of the presence ofc-type cytochromes, this claim is still controversial. In order to further investigate this phenomenon, a strain ofG. sulfurreducens, designated strain PA, was constructed in which the gene for the native PilA, the structu

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19

Baynham, Patricia J., Deborah M. Ramsey, Borys V. Gvozdyev, Ellen M. Cordonnier, and Daniel J. Wozniak. "The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ribbon-Helix-Helix DNA-Binding Protein AlgZ (AmrZ) Controls Twitching Motility and Biogenesis of Type IV Pili." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.1.132-140.2006.

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ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is commonly found in water and soil. In order to colonize surfaces with low water content, P. aeruginosa utilizes a flagellum-independent form of locomotion called twitching motility, which is dependent upon the extension and retraction of type IV pili. This study demonstrates that AlgZ, previously identified as a DNA-binding protein absolutely required for transcription of the alginate biosynthetic operon, is required for twitching motility. AlgZ may be required for the biogenesis or function of type IV pili in twitching motili

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20

Brissac, Terry, Guillain Mikaty, Guillaume Duménil, Mathieu Coureuil, and Xavier Nassif. "The Meningococcal Minor Pilin PilX Is Responsible for Type IV Pilus Conformational Changes Associated with Signaling to Endothelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 9 (July 9, 2012): 3297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00369-12.

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ABSTRACTNeisseria meningitidiscrosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following the activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor by the type IV pili (TFP). Two components of the type IV pili recruit the β2-adrenergic receptor, the major pilin PilE and the minor pilin PilV. Here, we report that a strain deleted of PilX, one of the three minor pilins, is defective in endothelial cell signaling. The signaling role of PilX was abolished when pili were not retractable. Purified PilX was unable to recruit the β2-adrenergic receptor, thus suggesting that PilX was playing an indirect role in endothelial cel

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21

Liles, Mark R., V. K. Viswanathan, and Nicholas P. Cianciotto. "Identification and Temperature Regulation ofLegionella pneumophila Genes Involved in Type IV Pilus Biogenesis and Type II Protein Secretion." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.4.1776-1782.1998.

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ABSTRACT Previously, we had isolated by transposon mutagenesis aLegionella pneumophila mutant that appeared defective for intracellular iron acquisition. While sequencing in the proximity of the mini-Tn10 insertion, we found a locus that had a predicted protein product with strong similarity to PilB fromPseudomonas aeruginosa. PilB is a component of the type II secretory pathway, which is required for the assembly of type IV pili. Consequently, the locus was cloned and sequenced. Within this 4-kb region were three genes that appeared to be organized in an operon and encoded homologs of P. aeru

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22

Yoshida, Tetsu, Nobuhisa Furuya, Masayuki Ishikura, Toshiaki Isobe, Kazu Haino-Fukushima, Toshio Ogawa, and Teruya Komano. "Purification and Characterization of Thin Pili of IncI1 Plasmids ColIb-P9 and R64: Formation of PilV-Specific Cell Aggregates by Type IV Pili." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 11 (June 1, 1998): 2842–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.11.2842-2848.1998.

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ABSTRACT Thin pili of the closely related IncI1 plasmids ColIb-P9 and R64 are required only for liquid mating and belong to the type IV family of pili. They were sedimented by ultracentrifugation from culture medium in which Escherichia coli cells harboring ColIb-P9- or R64-derived plasmids had been grown, and then the pili were purified by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. In negatively stained thin pilus samples, long rods with a diameter of 6 nm, characteristic of type IV pili, were observed under an electron microscope. Gel electrophoretic analysis of purified ColIb-P9 thin pili indica

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23

Daehnel, Katrin, Robin Harris, Lucinda Maddera, and Philip Silverman. "Fluorescence assays for F-pili and their application." Microbiology 151, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 3541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28159-0.

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Conjugative pili are extracellular filaments elaborated by Gram-negative bacteria expressing certain type IV secretion systems. They are required at the earliest stages of conjugal DNA transfer to establish specific and secure cell–cell contacts. Conjugative pili also serve as adsorption organelles for both RNA and DNA bacteriophages. Beyond these facts, the structure, formation and function of these filaments are poorly understood. This paper describes a rapid, quantitative assay for F-pili encoded by the F plasmid type IV secretion system. The assay is based on the specific lateral adsorptio

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24

Villar, Maria T., Rona L. Hirschberg, and Michael R. Schaefer. "Role of the Eikenella corrodens pilALocus in Pilus Function and Phase Variation." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.1.55-62.2001.

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ABSTRACT The human pathogen Eikenella corrodens expresses type IV pili and exhibits a phase variation involving the irreversible transition from piliated to nonpiliated variants. On solid medium, piliated variants form small (S-phase), corroding colonies whereas nonpiliated variants form large (L-phase), noncorroding colonies. We are studying pilus structure and function in the clinical isolateE. corrodens VA1. Earlier work defined the pilAlocus which includes pilA1, pilA2,pilB, and hagA. Both pilA1 andpilA2 predict a type IV pilin, whereas pilBpredicts a putative pilus assembly protein. The r

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25

Asikyan, Miranda L., Julianne V. Kus, and Lori L. Burrows. "Novel Proteins That Modulate Type IV Pilus Retraction Dynamics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 21 (September 5, 2008): 7022–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00938-08.

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ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosauses type IV pili to colonize various materials and for surface-associated twitching motility. We previously identified five phylogenetically distinct alleles ofpilAinP. aeruginosa, four of which occur in genetic cassettes with specific accessory genes (J. V. Kus, E. Tullis, D. G. Cvitkovitch, and L. L. Burrows, Microbiology 150:1315-1326, 2004). Each of the five pilin alleles, with and without its associated pilin accessory gene, was used to complement a group II PAO1pilAmutant. Expression of group I or IVpilAgenes restored twitching motility to the same extent a

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26

Paranjpye, Rohinee N., and Mark S. Strom. "A Vibrio vulnificus Type IV Pilin Contributes to Biofilm Formation, Adherence to Epithelial Cells, and Virulence." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 3 (March 2005): 1411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.3.1411-1422.2005.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus expresses a multitude of cell-associated and secreted factors that potentially contribute to pathogenicity, although the specific roles of most of these factors have been difficult to define. Previously we have shown that a mutation in pilD (originally designated vvpD), which encodes a type IV prepilin peptidase/N-methyltransferase, abolishes expression of surface pili, suggesting that they belong to the type IV class. In addition, a pilD mutant exhibits reduced adherence to HEp-2 cells, a block in secretion of several exoenzymes that follow the type II secretion pat

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27

Essex-Lopresti, Angela E., Justin A. Boddey, Richard Thomas, Martin P. Smith, M. Gill Hartley, Timothy Atkins, Nat F. Brown, et al. "A Type IV Pilin, PilA, Contributes to Adherence of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Virulence In Vivo." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 2 (February 2005): 1260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.2.1260-1264.2005.

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ABSTRACT The Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243 genome contains multiple type IV pilin-associated loci, including one encoding a putative pilus structural protein (pilA). A pilA deletion mutant has reduced adherence to human epithelial cells and is less virulent in the nematode model of virulence and the murine model of melioidosis, suggesting a role for type IV pili in B. pseudomallei virulence.

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Tan, Felicia Y. Y., Mirka E. Wörmann, Edmund Loh, Christoph M. Tang, and Rachel M. Exley. "Characterization of a Novel Antisense RNA in the Major Pilin Locus of Neisseria meningitidis Influencing Antigenic Variation." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 10 (March 9, 2015): 1757–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00082-15.

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ABSTRACTExpression of type four pili (Tfp) is essential for virulence inNeisseria meningitidis. Pili mediate adhesion, bacterial aggregation, and DNA uptake. InN. meningitidis, the major pilin subunit is encoded by thepilEgene. In some strains, PilE is subject to phase and antigenic variation, which can alter Tfp properties and together offer a possible mechanism of immune escape. Pilin expression and antigenic variation can be modulated in response to environmental cues; however, the precise mechanisms of such regulation remain unclear. We identified a promoter in thepilElocus, 3′ of thepilEc

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29

Harvey, Hanjeong, Marc Habash, Francisca Aidoo, and Lori L. Burrows. "Single-Residue Changes in the C-Terminal Disulfide-Bonded Loop of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV Pilin Influence Pilus Assembly and Twitching Motility." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 21 (August 28, 2009): 6513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00943-09.

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ABSTRACT PilA, the major pilin subunit of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili (T4P), is a principal structural component. PilA has a conserved C-terminal disulfide-bonded loop (DSL) that has been implicated as the pilus adhesinotope. Structural studies have suggested that DSL is involved in intersubunit interactions within the pilus fiber. PilA mutants with single-residue substitutions, insertions, or deletions in the DSL were tested for pilin stability, pilus assembly, and T4P function. Mutation of either Cys residue of the DSL resulted in pilins that were unable to assemble into fibers. Ala

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30

Paranjpye, Rohinee N., J. Cano Lara, Jeffrey C. Pepe, Cynthia M. Pepe, and Mark S. Strom. "The Type IV Leader Peptidase/ N -Methyltransferase ofVibrio vulnificus Controls Factors Required for Adherence to HEp-2 Cells and Virulence in Iron-Overloaded Mice." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 12 (December 1, 1998): 5659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.12.5659-5668.1998.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus expresses a number of potential virulence determinants that may contribute to its ability to cause a severe and rapidly disseminating septicemia in susceptible hosts. We have cloned and characterized two genes encoding products related to components of the type IV pilus biogenesis and general secretory (type II) pathways by complementation of a type IV peptidase/ N -methyltransferase (PilD) mutant ofPseudomonas aeruginosa with a V. vulnificusgenomic library. One of the genes (vvpD) encodes a protein homologous to PilD and other members of the type IV peptidase family

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31

van Schaik, Erin J., Carmen L. Giltner, Gerald F. Audette, David W. Keizer, Daisy L. Bautista, Carolyn M. Slupsky, Brian D. Sykes, and Randall T. Irvin. "DNA Binding: a Novel Function of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV Pili." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 4 (February 15, 2005): 1455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.4.1455-1464.2005.

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ABSTRACT The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces multifunctional, polar, filamentous appendages termed type IV pili. Type IV pili are involved in colonization during infection, twitching motility, biofilm formation, bacteriophage infection, and natural transformation. Electrostatic surface analysis of modeled pilus fibers generated from P. aeruginosa strain PAK, K122-4, and KB-7 pilin monomers suggested that a solvent-exposed band of positive charge may be a common feature of all type IV pili. Several functions of type IV pili, including natural transformation and biofilm fo

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32

Ilver, Dag, Helena Källström, Staffan Normark, and Ann-Beth Jonsson. "Transcellular Passage of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Involves Pilus Phase Variation." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.2.469-473.1998.

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ABSTRACT Piliated and nonpiliated Neisseria gonorrhoeaeorganisms were added on top of confluent layers of HEC-1-B cells, each maintained on a microporous Transwell-COL membrane. The bacteria released into the lower chamber were characterized with respect to the following virulence determinants: pili, which mediate adherence to target host cells; PilE, the major pilus subunit protein; and PilC, which is involved in pilus biogenesis and adherence. Even if >99% of the added bacteria of N. gonorrhoeae MS11 were piliated, bacteria recovered on the other side of the cell layer were predominantly

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33

Takahashi, Hideyuki, Tatsuo Yanagisawa, Kwang Sik Kim, Shigeyuki Yokoyama, and Makoto Ohnishi. "Meningococcal PilV Potentiates Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pilus-Mediated Internalization into Human Endothelial and Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 12 (September 17, 2012): 4154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00423-12.

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ABSTRACTThe type IV pilus ofNeisseria meningitidisis the major factor for meningococcal adhesion to host cells. In this study, we showed that a mutant ofN. meningitidis pilV, a minor pilin protein, internalized less efficiently to human endothelial and epithelial cells than the wild-type strain. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analyses showed that PilE, the major subunit of pili, was less glycosylated at its serine 62 residue (Ser62) in the ΔpilVmutant than in thepilV+strain, whereas phosphoglycer

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34

Meng, Yizhi, Yaxin Li, Cheryl D. Galvani, Guixia Hao, James N. Turner, Thomas J. Burr, and H. C. Hoch. "Upstream Migration of Xylella fastidiosa via Pilus-Driven Twitching Motility." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 16 (August 15, 2005): 5560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.16.5560-5567.2005.

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ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited nonflagellated bacterium that causes economically important diseases of plants by developing biofilms that block xylem sap flow. How the bacterium is translocated downward in the host plant's vascular system against the direction of the transpiration stream has long been a puzzling phenomenon. Using microfabricated chambers designed to mimic some of the features of xylem vessels, we discovered that X. fastidiosa migrates via type IV-pilus-mediated twitching motility at speeds up to 5 μm min−1 against a rapidly flowing medium (20,000 μm min−1). Ele

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35

Maisey, Heather C., Mary Hensler, Victor Nizet, and Kelly S. Doran. "Group B Streptococcal Pilus Proteins Contribute to Adherence to and Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 4 (October 13, 2006): 1464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01153-06.

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ABSTRACT Surface filamentous structures known as pili have been discovered recently in the gram-positive streptococcal pathogens that cause invasive disease in humans, including group B Streptococcus (GBS). We show that two GBS proteins involved in pilus formation, encoded by pilA and pilB, also facilitate the interaction of this important agent of central nervous system infection with endothelial cells of the human blood-brain barrier.

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36

Evans, Katy J., Carey Lambert, and R. Elizabeth Sockett. "Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 Requires Type IV Pili." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 13 (April 6, 2007): 4850–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01942-06.

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ABSTRACT Early electron microscopy and more recent studies in our laboratory of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cells indicated the presence of narrow fibers at the nonflagellar pole of this unusual predatory bacterium. Analysis of the B. bacteriovorus HD100 genome showed a complete set of genes potentially encoding type IV pili and an incomplete gene set for Flp pili; therefore, the role of type IV pili in the predatory life cycle of B. bacteriovorus HD100 was investigated. Alignment of the predicted PilA protein with known type IV pilins showed the characteristic conserved N terminus common to ty

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37

Shimoda, Eriko, Tatsuya Muto, Takayuki Horiuchi, Nobuhisa Furuya, and Teruya Komano. "Novel Class of Mutations of pilS Mutants, Encoding Plasmid R64 Type IV Prepilin: Interface of PilS-PilV Interactions." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 4 (December 7, 2007): 1202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01204-07.

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ABSTRACT The type IV pili of plasmid R64 belonging to the type IVB group are required only for liquid mating. They consist of the major and minor components PilS pilin and PilV adhesin, respectively. PilS pilin is first synthesized as a 22-kDa prepilin from the pilS gene and is then processed to a 19-kDa mature pilin by PilU prepilin peptidase. In a previous genetic analysis, we identified four classes of the pilS mutants (T. Horiuchi and T. Komano, J. Bacteriol. 180:4613-4620, 1998). The products of the class I pilS mutants were not processed by prepilin peptidase; the products of the class I

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38

Nunn, D., S. Bergman, and S. Lory. "Products of three accessory genes, pilB, pilC, and pilD, are required for biogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pili." Journal of Bacteriology 172, no. 6 (1990): 2911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.6.2911-2919.1990.

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39

Wall, Daniel, Samuel S. Wu, and Dale Kaiser. "Contact Stimulation of Tgl and Type IV Pili inMyxococcus xanthus." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 3 (February 1, 1998): 759–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.3.759-761.1998.

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ABSTRACT Myxococcus xanthus tgl mutants lack social motility and type IV pili but can be transiently stimulated to swarm and to make pili by contacting tgl + cells. The absence of pili in tgl mutants is shown not to be due to the absence of pilin. The rate of pilus elongation after Tgl stimulation is shown to be similar to the rate of pilus elongation in wild-type cells, using a new more rapid assay for stimulation.

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40

Kehl-Fie, Thomas E., Sara E. Miller, and Joseph W. St. Geme. "Kingella kingae Expresses Type IV Pili That Mediate Adherence to Respiratory Epithelial and Synovial Cells." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 21 (August 29, 2008): 7157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00884-08.

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ABSTRACTKingella kingaeis a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the respiratory tract and is a common cause of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. Despite the increasing frequency ofK. kingaedisease, little is known about the mechanism by which this organism adheres to respiratory epithelium and seeds joints and bones. Previous work showed thatK. kingaeexpresses long surface fibers that vary in surface density. In the current study, we found that these fibers are type IV pili and are necessary for efficient adherence to respiratory epithelial and synovial cells and that the number of pili e

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41

Yang, Zhe, Wei Hu, Kevin Chen, Jing Wang, Renate Lux, Z. Hong Zhou, and Wenyuan Shi. "Alanine 32 in PilA is important for PilA stability and type IV pili function in Myxococcus xanthus." Microbiology 157, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.049684-0.

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Type IV pili (TFP) are membrane-anchored filaments with a number of important biological functions. In the model organism Myxococcus xanthus, TFP act as molecular engines that power social (S) motility through cycles of extension and retraction. TFP filaments consist of several thousand copies of a protein called PilA or pilin. PilA contains an N-terminal α-helix essential for TFP assembly and a C-terminal globular domain important for its activity. The role of the PilA sequence and its structure–function relationship in TFP-dependent S motility remain active areas of research. In this study,

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42

Lucas, Claressa E., Ellen Brown, and Barry S. Fields. "Type IV pili and type II secretion play a limited role in Legionella pneumophila biofilm colonization and retention." Microbiology 152, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 3569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.2006/000497-0.

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Legionellae colonize biofilms in building water systems, yet little is known about their interaction with the organisms in these microbial communities. The role of Legionella pneumophila type IV pili and the type II secretion pre-pilin peptidase was evaluated in a model biofilm system. L. pneumophila strains 130b (wild-type), BS100 (a type IV pili mutant) and NU243 (a pre-pilin peptidase mutant) were assessed for attachment and retention in an established biofilm. Strains 130b and NU243 colonized the biofilm at a similar level while BS100 attached at a tenfold lower level. Over time, NU243 dro

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43

Paranjpye, Rohinee N., Asta B. Johnson, Anne E. Baxter, and Mark S. Strom. "Role of Type IV Pilins in Persistence of Vibrio vulnificus in Crassostrea virginica Oysters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 15 (June 8, 2007): 5041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00641-07.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is part of the natural estuarine microflora and accumulates in shellfish through filter feeding. It is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated fatalities in the United States mainly through consumption of raw oysters. Previously we have shown that a V. vulnificus mutant unable to express PilD, the type IV prepilin peptidase, does not express pili on the surface of the bacterium and is defective in adherence to human epithelial cells (R. N. Paranjpye, J. C. Lara, J. C. Pepe, C. M. Pepe, and M. S. Strom, Infect. Immun. 66:5659-5668, 1998). A mutant unable to

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44

Smedley, James G., Erica Jewell, Jennifer Roguskie, Joseph Horzempa, Andrew Syboldt, Donna Beer Stolz, and Peter Castric. "Influence of Pilin Glycosylation on Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 Pilus Function." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 12 (December 2005): 7922–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.12.7922-7931.2005.

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ABSTRACT The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial pneumonia. Among its virulence factors, the type IV pili of P. aeruginosa strain 1244 contain a covalently linked, three-sugar glycan of previously unknown significance. The work described in this paper was carried out to determine the influence of the P. aeruginosa 1244 pilin glycan on pilus function, as well as a possible role in pathogenesis. To accomplish this, a deletion was introduced into the pilO gene of this organism. The isogenic knockout strain produced, 1244G7, was unable to glycosylate pili

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45

Mu, Xiang-Qi, Edward H. Egelman, and Esther Bullitt. "Structure and Function of Hib Pili from Haemophilus influenzae Type b." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 17 (September 1, 2002): 4868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.17.4868-4874.2002.

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ABSTRACT Pathogenic bacteria are specifically adapted to bind to their customary host. Disease is then caused by subsequent colonization and/or invasion of the local environmental niche. Initial binding of Haemophilus influenzae type b to the human nasopharynx is facilitated by Hib pili, filaments expressed on the bacterial surface. With three-dimensional reconstruction of electron micrograph images, we show that Hib pili comprise a helix 70 Å in diameter with threefold symmetry. The Hib pilus filament has 3.0 subunits per turn, with each set of three subunits translated 26.9 Å along and rot

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46

Orellana, Roberto, Janet J. Leavitt, Luis R. Comolli, Roseann Csencsits, Noemie Janot, Kelly A. Flanagan, Arianna S. Gray, et al. "U(VI) Reduction by Diverse Outer Surfacec-Type Cytochromes of Geobacter sulfurreducens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 20 (August 9, 2013): 6369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02551-13.

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ABSTRACTEarly studies withGeobacter sulfurreducenssuggested that outer-surfacec-type cytochromes might play a role in U(VI) reduction, but it has recently been suggested that there is substantial U(VI) reduction at the surface of the electrically conductive pili known as microbial nanowires. This phenomenon was further investigated. A strain ofG. sulfurreducens, known as Aro-5, which produces pili with substantially reduced conductivity reduced U(VI) nearly as well as the wild type, as did a strain in which the gene for PilA, the structural pilin protein, was deleted. In order to reduce rates

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47

Chakraborty, Subhra, Michael Monfett, Tamara M. Maier, Jorge L. Benach, Dara W. Frank, and David G. Thanassi. "Type IV Pili in Francisella tularensis: Roles of pilF and pilT in Fiber Assembly, Host Cell Adherence, and Virulence." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 7 (April 21, 2008): 2852–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01726-07.

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ABSTRACT Francisella tularensis, a highly virulent facultative intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of tularemia. Genome sequencing of all F. tularensis subspecies revealed the presence of genes that could encode type IV pili (Tfp). The live vaccine strain (LVS) expresses surface fibers resembling Tfp, but it was not established whether these fibers were indeed Tfp encoded by the pil genes. We show here that deletion of the pilF putative Tfp assembly ATPase in the LVS resulted in a complete loss of surface fibers. Disruption of the pilT putative disassembly ATPase also caused a comp

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48

Salomonsson, Emelie, Åke Forsberg, Norbert Roos, Claudia Holz, Berenike Maier, Michael Koomey, and Hanne C. Winther-Larsen. "Functional analyses of pilin-like proteins from Francisella tularensis: complementation of type IV pilus phenotypes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae." Microbiology 155, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 2546–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.028183-0.

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Accumulating evidence from a number of studies strongly suggests that proteins orthologous to those involved in type IV pili (Tfp) assembly and function are required for Francisella pathogenicity. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the components exert their influence on virulence remain poorly understood. Owing to the conservation and promiscuity of Tfp biogenesis machineries, expression of Tfp pilins in heterologous species has been used successfully to analyse organelle structure–function relationships. In this study we expressed a number of Francisella pilin genes in the Tfp-expres

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49

Tytgat, Hanne L. P., Pia Rasinkangas, Jarmo Ritari, Justus Reunanen, Steven Aalvink, Chia-wei Lin, Airi Palva, François P. Douillard, and Willem M. de Vos. "Selection and characterization of a SpaCBA pilus-secreting food-grade derivative of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, no. 3 (January 8, 2021): 1123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-11051-7.

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AbstractMany studies have established the functional properties of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, previously known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, marketed worldwide as a probiotic. The extraordinary capacity of L. rhamnosus GG to bind to human mucus and influence the immune system especially stand out. Earlier, we have shown the key role of its SpaCBA sortase-dependent pili encoded by the spaCBA-srtC1 gene cluster herein. These heterotrimeric pili consist of a shaft pilin SpaA, a basal pilin SpaB, and tip pilin SpaC that contains a mucus-binding domain. Here, we set out to characterize a foo

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50

Stone, Barbara J., and Yousef Abu Kwaik. "Expression of Multiple Pili by Legionella pneumophila: Identification and Characterization of a Type IV Pilin Gene and Its Role in Adherence to Mammalian and Protozoan Cells." Infection and Immunity 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 1768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.4.1768-1775.1998.

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ABSTRACT Legionella pneumophila expresses pili of variable lengths, either long (0.8 to 1.5 μm) or short (0.1 to 0.6 μm), that can be observed by transmission electron microscopy. We have identified a gene in L. pneumophila with homology to the type IV pilin genes (pilEL ). An insertion mutation was constructed in pilEL and introduced into theL. pneumophila wild-type strain by allelic exchange. The pilin mutant is defective for expression of long pili. Reintroduction of the pilin locus on a cosmid vector restores expression of the long pili. The L. pneumophila pilEL mutant exhibited approximat

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