Увійти

Готові списки джерел за темами / Planning of incomes and costs / Статті в журналах

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Planning of incomes and costs.

Статті в журналах з теми "Planning of incomes and costs"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Planning of incomes and costs".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.

1

Neidecker-Gonzales, Oscar, Penelope Nestel, and Howarth Bouis. "Estimating the Global Costs of Vitamin A Capsule Supplementation: A Review of the Literature." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28, no. 3 (2007): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650702800307.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background Vitamin A supplementation reduces child mortality. It is estimated that 500 million vitamin A capsules are distributed annually. Policy recommendations have assumed that the supplementation programs offer a proven technology at a relatively low cost of around US$0.10 per capsule. Objectives To review data on costs of vitamin A supplementation to analyze the key factors that determine program costs, and to attempt to model these costs as a function of per capita income figures. Methods Using data from detailed cost studies in seven countries, this study generated comparable cost cate

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Pascual, Adrián, Timo Pukkala, Sergio De-Miguel, Annukka Pesonen, and Petteri Packalen. "Influence of timber harvesting costs on the layout of cuttings and economic return in forest planning based on dynamic treatment units." Forest Systems 27, no. 1 (2018): e001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2018271-11897.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Aim of study: To analyze the influence of harvesting costs on the distribution and type of cuttings when forest management planning is based on the dynamic treatment units (DTUs) approach.Area of study: A Mediterranean pine forest in Central Spain.Materials and methods: Airborne laser scanning data were used in area-based approach to predict stand attributes and delineate segments that were used as calculation units. Predicted stand attributes and existing models for diameter distribution and individual-tree growth were used to simulate alternative management schedules for each segment for a 6

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Marhina, Anna, Oksana Mazurova, and Mariya Shirokopetleva. "Development of a mathematical planning model in Budget management system." Bionics of Intelligence 1, no. 90 (2018): 37–41. https://doi.org/10.30837/bi.2018.1(90).05.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

There was proposed the mathematical model of cost planning problem to expand functional of budget management systems. The mathematical model takes into account costs, current and possible incomes of a person. That model will help to find the best plan for achieving a financial goal. hierarchical plans for achieving the goal are proposed to be created as a series of deposits, which along with active human income provide an opportunity to receive additional passive income for long-term savings. The optimal plan is proposed on the basis of linear additive convolution with weight coefficients. Pla

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Sarkar, Somwrita, Peter Phibbs, Roderick Simpson, and Sachin Wasnik. "The scaling of income distribution in Australia: Possible relationships between urban allometry, city size, and economic inequality." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 4 (2016): 603–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516676488.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Developing a scientific understanding of cities in a fast urbanizing world is essential for planning sustainable urban systems. Recently, it was shown that income and wealth creation follow increasing returns, scaling superlinearly with city size. We study scaling of per capita incomes for separate census defined income categories against population size for the whole of Australia. Across several urban area definitions, we find that lowest incomes grow just linearly or sublinearly (β = 0.94 to 1.00), whereas highest incomes grow superlinearly (β = 1.00 to 1.21), with total income just superlin

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Rossiter, Chris, and Joan Vipond. "Housing costs and incomes: Which tenure contains the most stress?" Urban Policy and Research 3, no. 4 (1985): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111148508522584.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Battisti, Fabrizio, Orazio Campo, Fabiana Forte, Daniela Menna, and Melania Perdonò. "Residential Mobility: The Impact of the Real Estate Market on Housing Location Decisions." Real Estate 2, no. 3 (2025): 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/realestate2030009.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the context of increasing digitization, integrating ICT technologies, artificial intelligence, and remote working is altering residential mobility patterns and housing preferences. This study examines the housing market’s impact, focusing on how residential affordability affects residential choices, using a case study of the Metropolitan City of Florence. The analysis employs a methodology centered on the Debt-to-Income Ratio (DTI), which cross-references real estate market values (source: Agenzia delle Entrate and leading real estate portals) with household income brackets to identify affo

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Gluschenko, K. P. "Costs of Living and Real Incomes in the Russian Regions." Regional Research of Russia 12, no. 3 (2022): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079970522700022.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Hortensia V., Acacha-Acakpo. "Economic Justice, Climate Change by Gender: The Case of Maraichers in the Coastal Republic of Benin." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 3 (2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n3p168.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Climate change affects men and women differently, specifically in income-related to activities. In the case of market gardening, cropping techniques, input costs and quantities used vary according to sex. This work analyzes economic justice in this context of unequal access to resources by gender. The regression analysis on data collected from actors in the market gardening sector showed that women have lower incomes than men because their production related to climate change are too low. Women can not do all activities and transform them into production costs. The benefits are low and slow do

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Großmann, Katrin, Johan Buchholz, Carsten Buchmann, Christoph Hedtke, Carolin Höhnke, and Nina Schwarz. "Energy Costs, Residential Mobility, and Segregation in a Shrinking City." Open House International 39, no. 2 (2014): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2014-b0003.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In debates related to energy poverty, the link to questions of residential segregation remains somewhat peripheral. Because, usually, only energy-poor households are at the focus and residential mobility is not addressed, the interdependencies between households’ energy costs and the residential segregation of cities remain out of sight. Concern that energy efficiency measures could foster socio-spatial segregation in cities has recently emerged in Germany. If only households with higher incomes can afford housing with high energy efficiency standards, whereas low income households tend to cho

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

PANCHENKO, Mariia, and Anna TRUBAIEVA. "Strategic approaches for income management of the enterprise." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 5/1 (May 29, 2020): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.5(1).7.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Introduction. Development of market economy requires from Ukrainian enterprises a rational and economically sound approach to planning their activities, the definition of a strategy to increase the company's income, analysis and evaluation of the results obtained. One of the most important components of the company's financial policy strategy is to maximize income. The category of income is one of the most difficult in economic science. It remains one of the most controversial today, which requires its deepening and specification. Revenue plays a leading role in the financial mechanism of soci

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Markina, Iryna, Valeriya Lenʹ, and Vitaly Shapka. "Cost management as a factor for improving enterprise economic security." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-3-12.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Introduction. Modern enterprises operate in conditions of political and economic instability. This requires enterpris-es to build an integrated system for ensuring economic security. In Ukraine, the issue of economic security is relevant. But not fully understood. Need to clarify issues related to improving cost management. This is a factor in improving the econom-ic security of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is the theoretical and practical justification of cost management. Results. One of the the main goal of the enterprise is maximum profit. A factor in the success of enterprises

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Mawani, Amin. "MNEs' Incentives Under a Global Minimum Tax Based on Accounting Standards." Canadian Tax Journal/Revue fiscale canadienne 71, no. 2 (2023): 489–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.32721/ctj.2023.71.2.sym.mawani.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has proposed a pillar two global minimum tax (GMT) for which the tax base is the jurisdiction-specific effective tax rate (ETR), an accounting metric calculated under the rules of accrual accounting. History has shown that when tax is imposed on accounting numbers, taxpayers often use the discretion available in accounting to manage their tax liability. This paper argues that the discretion that multinational enterprises (MNEs) can exercise within accounting rules to change their ETRs will be limited because increasing ETR (to reduce G

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Shahabi, Vahid, and Farshad Faezy Razi. "Modeling the effect of electronic banking expansion on profitability using neural networks and system dynamics approach." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 11, no. 2 (2019): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-11-2018-0117.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of electronic banking (e-banking) on the profitability of banks is an important subject. Although there are many studies in this area, the effect of using different e-banking instruments, such as internet banking, telephone banking, ATM and POS, was not investigated comprehensively, using a system dynamics approach. To fill this gap, the present study tried to develop an analytical model with a systematic approach through identifying the effects of different areas of e-banking services in a financial institution. Design/methodolog

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Solomka, V. I., V. L. Horobets, and V. I. Borshchov. "METHOD OF WORKS CONDUCTING ON ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF CONCRETE BRIDGE SPANS AND THE DEFINITION OF THE VOLUME AND STRUCTURE OF THEIR CURRENT CONTENT." Science and Transport Progress, no. 6 (March 25, 2005): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2005/20442.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The article proposes fundamentals of working method of assessment of technical state of reinforced concrete span structures of bridges and determination of the volume and structure of their current maintenance, developed with the use of methods of reliability theory and mathematical statistics. The method stipulates that the planning of obligatory repairs and changes of the span structures on the bridge is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the state of the facility in a certain period of time and its behavior during all of the service life, by way of minimization of the costs of the r

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

Solomka, V. I., V. L. Horobets, and V. I. Borshchov. "TECHNICAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE BRIDGE SPANS AND THE DEFINITION OF THE VOLUME AND STRUCTURE OF THEIR CURRENT CONTENT." Science and Transport Progress, no. 6 (March 25, 2005): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2005/20443.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The article enlists fundamentals of the proposed method of estimating the volume and structure of currentmaintenance of reinforced concrete spans of bridges, according to their current state, developed with the use of methods of reliability theory and mathematical statistics. The method stipulates that the planning ofobligatory repairs and changes of the span structures on the bridge is carried out on the basis of an analysis of the state of the facility in a certain period of time and its behavior during all of the service life, by way of minimization of the costs of the repair works or chang

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

Purcell, Steven W., Watisoni Lalavanua, Brian R. Cullis, and Nicole Cocks. "Small-scale fishing income and fuel consumption: Fiji’s artisanal sea cucumber fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 5 (2018): 1758–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy036.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract Understanding the income and costs of fishing is fundamental to managing fisheries and planning interventions to improve efficiency and gender equity. Few studies offer data on fisher incomes and fuel use in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), and fewer have assessed factors influencing variation among fishers and between genders. We interviewed 235 artisanal fishers among 34 island villages in an artisanal sea cucumber fishery in Fiji. Linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of geographic and socioeconomic variables on incomes and fuel use from fishing sea cucumbers. Net inco

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Estralita Trisnawati, Adrian Pranata,. "PERENCANAAN PAJAK PADA PT STRAWLAND UNTUK TAHUN 2018." Jurnal Paradigma Akuntansi 2, no. 1 (2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jpa.v2i1.7157.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This research was conducted with the aim of making tax saving by conducting tax planning at the company of PT STRAWLAND. The object of this study is a financial report in the form of an income statement from PT STRAWLAND for the year ending in 2018.Based on research, then with the right tax planning, the company can reduce fiscal profit from Rp. 9,403,222,014 to Rp. 9,254,034,183 so that it will reduce the income tax payable by Rp. 3,108,080. Tax planning carried out is tax planning on PPh 21 by changing the calculation method into gross up method, final PPh tax planning by doing gross up on c

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Roland-Holst, David, Guntur Sugiyarto, and Yinshan Loh. "Asian Regional Income, Growth, and Distribution to 2030." Asian Development Review 27, no. 02 (2010): 57–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110510500095.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

As Asia consolidates the economic gains and policy lessons of two generations, it can look to a bright future of sustained growth. More effective policies will even accelerate this growth, provided they recognize the essential agents of trade and productivity growth, as well as the importance of promoting domestic regional demand. Rising incomes promise greater homegrown demand for domestic producers and essential diversification for regional exporters. This study surveys historical income distribution data from 22 Asian economies, projects the emergence of middle classes in the next 20 years,

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Fatenok-Tkachuk Alla, Alla. "FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING TOOLS ON DIFFERENT STAGES OF FINANCIAL PLANNING." Economic journal of Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University 4, no. 24 (2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2411-4014-2020-04-89-96.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The article actualizes the expediency of accounting support of the financial planning process in order to minimize costs. Accounting procedures are identified at each stage of financial planning. It was systemized the accounting registers, which are used to group information about the assets and liabilities of the enterprise during the reporting period. Such information is used in analytical work, planning, budgeting and business process management. In each group of registers was identified information that can be used in financial planning. The forecast indicators of the plan of incomes and e

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Salama, Ashraf M., and Urmi Sengupta. "Editorial: Changing Paradigms in Affordable Housing, Quality, and Lifestyle Theories." Open House International 36, no. 3 (2011): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2011-b0001.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Affordable housing has long been an important planning and design concern in large urban areas and around the peripheries of major cities where population growth has led to an increasing demand for descent housing environments. The issue of affordability has attracted researchers and scholars to explore planning and design determinants, financing mechanisms, cultural and social issues, and construction and building techniques. This interest has been the case for several decades since affordable housing themes have offered a rich research area that involves many paradoxes that keep presenting c

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Dianita, Ratna Kusumastuti, Setiaji Pamungkas Nur, Watara Bawasu Komang, and Arda Nugrahaeni Maritsa. "Zero Investment Development Planning Motorcycle Parking Building Gramedia Pandanaran Semarang." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 3 (2023): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7714358.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The city of Semarang is the area with the largest population in Central Java Province which has 1,656,564 residents with the highest use of motorbikes, namely 1,512,234 in 2021. This requires providers of goods and services to provide adequate parking spaces. The Gramedia Pandanaran Bookstore already has a parking space for motorbikes, but it is not sufficient to accommodate all the existing visitors. So, it is necessary to build a parking building with an alternative cost of Zero Investment where the construction costs only use parking revenues. This study aims to analyze motorcycle parking c

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Jantasuwan, Anoosara, Budsara Limnirankul, Prathanthip Kramol, and Sureeporn Sringam. "IMPACT ON THE LIVELIHOOD ASSETS FROM THE CONVERSION OF MAIZE PRODUCTION SYSTEM TO THE INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM IN NA NOI DISTRICT, NAN PROVINCE." RMUTT Global Business and Economics Review 20, no. 1 (2025): 147–63. https://doi.org/10.60101/rmuttgber.2025.281994.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The study aims to explore the demographic attributes, assets, and farmer's potentialities across three agricultural systems and examine the consequences of transitioning from a precedent maize production system under the DFID's sustainable livelihood framework. Understanding livelihood assets can reveal an approach to poverty reduction and the differences in production models suitable for the local context, emphasizing self-reliance in food and sustainable income generation, and aiding local agencies in planning community development. The research gathered data from 100 households for each far

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Raza, Ali. "Credit Demand among Small Farmers: A District Level Approach, Pakistan." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 9, no. 1 (2019): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1005/2019.9.1/1005.1.47.61.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the current study, determinants of credit demand among small farmers in the Mandi Bahauddin district of Pakistan were investigated. For this purpose, interviews with 123 small farmers in six villages of this district were conducted. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to examine factors that affect credit demands. Seven determinants were devised and tested, and a probit model was employed to analyze the effects of education, household size, and income on the credit demand. Through qualitative methods, factors like informal lending, interest rate, consumption smoothing, an

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Elvira, Sarah, Mumu M. Fadjar, and Ade Sudarma. "ANALISIS PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL DALAM RANGKA MENINGKATKAN LABA PADA PT. PRATAMA CITRA BERSINAR." AJAR 4, no. 01 (2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35129/ajar.v4i01.167.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This research aims to find out the analysis of operational cost planning to increase profits. This research was conducted at PT. Pratama Citra Bersinar. The variable used is the planning of operational costs and profits. The results of this study that have been carried out find that PT. Pratama Citra Bersinar must analyze the operational costs incurred so that there is no difference and in carrying out budget planning and realization as well as possible in accordance with policies and regulations and PT. Pratama Citra Bersinar in setting operational costs see estimates from the directors for d

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Wieser, Simon, Beatrice Brunner, Christina Tzogiou, et al. "Societal Costs of Micronutrient Deficiencies in 6- to 59-month-old Children in Pakistan." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 38, no. 4 (2017): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572117720012.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background: In Pakistan, nearly half of children younger than 5 years are stunted, and 1 in 3 is underweight. Micronutrient deficiencies, a less visible form of undernutrition, are also endemic. They may lead to increased morbidity and mortality as well as to impaired cognitive and physical development. Objective: To estimate the lifetime costs of micronutrient deficiencies in Pakistani children aged between 6 and 59 months. Methods: We develop a health economic model of the lifetime health and cost consequences of iodine, iron, vitamin A, and zinc deficiencies. We assess medical costs, produc

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Sahibzada, Shamim A. "Urbanisation and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (1993): 639–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.639-649.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The concern over the environment is not new. But the development policymakers have recently recognised that failing to take the costs of environmental damage into account will slow down the process of raising incomes and the wellbeing of the people. This recognition is in view of the fact that economic development in both industrialised and developing countries, especially during the past half century, has not been environmentally sustainable. The current debate regarding the environmental sustainability of economic development has even challenged the very question of development. The measurem

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Hamida Hunein, Muhamad Arief Hidayat, and Listya Sugiyarti. "THE INFLUENCE OF EARNING MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONAL COSTS AND TAX PLANNING ON INCOME TAX PAYABLE." International Journal of Accounting, Management, Economics and Social Sciences (IJAMESC) 3, no. 3 (2025): 974–87. https://doi.org/10.61990/ijamesc.v3i3.517.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study aims to analyze how the variables of Earning Management, Operating Costs, and Tax Planning affect Income Tax Payable in Energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research method carried out is a quantitative research method with a panel data regression technique and the type of data used in this study is secondary data. In this study, to obtain a sample, special criteria are needed, so the purposive sampling method is used. This study has a population of 87 companies and obtained 19 company samples and the results of observations include 95 research data fo

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Papanikolopoulou, Vasiliki, Sotiria Vouraki, Stergios Priskas, Alexandros Theodoridis, Socratis Dimitriou, and Georgios Arsenos. "Economic Performance of Dairy Sheep Farms in Less-Favoured Areas of Greece: A Comparative Analysis Based on Flock Size and Farming System." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021681.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Dairy sheep farming is a significant agricultural sector in Mediterranean countries, providing income and employment opportunities in less-favoured areas (LFAs). The economic performance of dairy sheep farms is of significant interest to LFAs. However, relevant literature is scarce. The objectives here were to evaluate the economic performance of dairy sheep farms in LFAs of Greece and perform a comparative analysis based on flock size and farming system. In total, 19 and 26 dairy sheep farms for two production periods were used. Farm technical (flock size, production, grazing and nutritional

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Rodrigues, Daniela, Cristina Padez, and Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues. "Parental Perception of Barriers to Children’s Participation in Sports: Biological, Social, and Geographic Correlates of Portuguese Children." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, no. 8 (2019): 595–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2018-0390.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Background: Identifying parental perceived barriers might contribute to strategies to promote physical activity in children. This study aimed to observe parental perceived barriers for 6- to 10-year-old children’s participation in organized sports and understand to what extent the socioeconomic status, the place of residence, and children’s sex, age, and sport participation affect those perceived barriers. Methods: Data were collected from 834 parents of 6- to 10-year-old children living in the Portuguese Midlands, using a multiple-choice questionnaire. Parents reported the perceived barriers

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Martin, R., and D. Mwaseba. "Regulations matter: their effects on actors of the nonindustrial timber value chain in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania." International Forestry Review 23, no. 4 (2021): 462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821834777224.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In recent years, non-industrial private forestry (NIPF) for timber production has gained economic importance in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. Access to benefits accrued from NIPF represents an opportunity for poverty alleviation. Access and distribution of the benefits are affected by governance, which is an important aspect in this regard. This paper focuses on state regulations, which in the context of Africa and Tanzania in particular, have received scant attention in the value chain studies. The paper seeks to respond to three main questions: i) How is the timber value chain regulate

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Chang, Chuantao. "Urban Green-Space: Environmental Justice & Green Gentrification." Applied and Computational Engineering 61, no. 1 (2024): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/61/20240954.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In cities across the world, both in the global South and North, the distribution of urban green spaces exhibits stark inequalities. Affluent neighborhoods are often graced with abundant, well-maintained parks and green areas, offering residents a higher quality of life and environmental benefits. In contrast, communities with lower incomes and minority populations frequently face a scarcity of such spaces, and the green areas they do have tend to be of lower quality. This disparity not only reflects broader social and economic inequities but also has significant implications for public health,

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Hafsah, Hafsah, and Febri Ramadhani. "Analisis Penerapan Perencanaan Pajak Atas Biaya Kesejahteraan Karyawan." LIABILITIES (JURNAL PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI) 3, no. 3 (2020): 146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30596/liabilities.v3i3.6720.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This research is the implementation of tax planning for the costs of the welfare of employees to minimize the burden of taxes owed to the tax at PT. Pertani (persero) Medan. The analysis of this research used descriptive technique analysis data. The data were collected and arranged, then conducted an analysis of the data. Descriptive analysis of data collected in the form of numbers. This is due to the quantitative method. PT. Pertani has done the implementation of tax planning on employees welfare costs but the effort is not maximized because there are still policies related to the costs of e

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Enwin, Anthony Dornubari, and Tamunoikuronibo Dawaye Ikiriko. "Understanding the Challenges of Affordable Housing Provision in Nigeria: An Analysis of Key Factors and Policy Implications." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 4 (2023): 420–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(4).38.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Affordable housing remains a critical issue in Nigeria, with numerous factors contributing to its scarcity. This paper examines the key factors contributing to the lack of affordable housing in Nigeria, including high construction costs, inadequate urban planning and land use, limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, corruption and bureaucracy, limited government support and policy implementation, and high urban area land costs. High construction costs escalate housing prices, posing challenges for low-income earners to afford homes. Inadequate urban planning and land use policies

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Anthony, Dornubari Enwin, and Dawaye Ikiriko Tamunoikuronibo. "Understanding the Challenges of Affordable Housing Provision in Nigeria: An Analysis of Key Factors and Policy Implications." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 4 (2023): 420–36. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(4).38.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Affordable housing remains a critical issue in Nigeria, with numerous factors contributing to its scarcity. This paper examines the key factors contributing to the lack of affordable housing in Nigeria, including high construction costs, inadequate urban planning and land use, limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, corruption and bureaucracy, limited government support and policy implementation, and high urban area land costs. High construction costs escalate housing prices, posing challenges for low-income earners to afford homes. Inadequate urban planning and land use policies

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Bi, Qingsheng, Weiqiang Chen, Ling Li, Xiuli Wang, and Enxiang Cai. "Agricultural Population Supported in Rural Areas under Traditional Planting Mode Based on Opportunity Cost Analysis." Land 11, no. 8 (2022): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081340.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The return of rural migrant workers through increasing agricultural income by expanding farming scale is significant for rural sustainable development without rural population loss. This paper selected six representative counties in Henan Province, China’s major grain-producing province, to conduct a questionnaire survey, investigated the incomes of farmers from farming and migrant workers, calculated moderate farming scale under different opportunity costs, and also estimated the agricultural population that can be supported by arable land resources. Results are as follows: (1) Under the trad

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Bilan, Yuriy, Halyna Mishchuk, Natalia Samoliuk, and Halyna Yurchyk. "Impact of Income Distribution on Social and Economic Well-Being of the State." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010429.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Income distribution can cause large-scale transformations in human resources structure, essential changes of economic outputs via its impact on life satisfaction and motivation of work. Thus, the overall objective of this research is to improve methodological tools of income distribution analysis based on identifying the links between different structural indicators of income inequality and the most essential features of social and economic well-being. We conducted comparative analysis of EU Member States and Ukraine. We used structural analysis based on two forms of income distribution—functi

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Hasanah, Windy, and Ratih Anggraini Siregar. "ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI PERENCANAAN PAJAK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA II BULU CINA." JURNAL WIDYA 5, no. 1 (2024): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54593/awl.v5i1.238.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Tax planning is a strategies for managing company finances to minimize tax obligations in ways that do not violate tax regulations. This research aims to determine the ongoing implementation of tax planning as an effort to improve company performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara II Bulu Cina. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach with data collection techniques through interviews and supporting documents, and processed using the Nvivo 12 pro application. The results of this research conducted show that PT. Perkebunan Nusantara II Bulu Cina has not fully im

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Abd El Baki, Hassan M., and Haruyuki Fujimaki. "An Evaluation of a New Scheme for Determination of Irrigation Depths in the Egyptian Nile Delta." Water 13, no. 16 (2021): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162181.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Innovative irrigation techniques should be implemented to improve irrigation management in dryland countries. In this regard, a new scheme, that uses three sets of irrigation depth and numerically simulated cumulative transpiration, was evaluated in the Egyptian Nile delta in 2020. Presuming that water is volumetrically priced, the proposed scheme can maximize net incomes at optimum irrigation depths considering quantitative weather forecasts. A field experiment was carried out with a randomized complete block design using a major crop, maize, to assess the feasibility of the proposed scheme i

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Ratkovic, Branislava, Drazen Popovic, Gordana Radivojevic, and Nenad Bjelic. "Planning logistics network for recyclables collection." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 24, no. 3 (2014): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor140408022r.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Rapid urbanization, intensified industrialization, rise of income, and a more sophisticated form of consumerism are leading to an increase in the amount and toxicity of waste all over the world. Whether reused, recycled, incinerated or put into landfill sites, the management of household and industrial waste yield financial and environmental costs. This paper presents a modeling approach that can be used for designing one part of recycling logistics network through defining optimal locations of collection points, and possible optimal scheduling of vehicles for collecting recyclables.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Christian, Tommy, and Ahmaf Omar Nafi Hardan. "Analysis of Gross Up and Net Method in Tax Planning Order Study Case in PT. Sumber Citra Megah." Sinergi International Journal of Accounting and Taxation 1, no. 1 (2023): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.61194/ijat.v1i1.7.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

A tax management system for the effective is the most important thing to stay in a current situation. There needs to be a tax planning in the work plan without having to violate prevailing tax law. Implementation planning income tax article 21 by the company expected to minimize employees tax cost, that will benefit both sides. This research using any objects PT. Sumber Citra Megah. Implementation planning income tax article 21 by the company is expected to to minimize the tax charges to be indebted issued employees, that automatically be able to maximize profit after tax. The result showed th

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Das-Gupta, Arindam. "Income Tax Compliance Cost of Corporations in India, 2000–01." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 31, no. 4 (2006): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920060402.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This is the first study of compliance costs of income taxation of corporations in India. Compliance costs are the costs of meeting obligations under the income tax law and in planning to save taxes. Opportunity costs such as when tax refunds are delayed are also included. Social compliance costs, gross versus net private costs, and mandatory versus voluntary cost can be distinguished. Gross private compliance costs include both legal and illegal expenses (such as bribes paid), employee costs, the cost of tax advice, and also other non-labour expenses. Estimates in this paper are for the year 2

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Iofrıda, Nathalıe, Teodora Stıllıtano, Gıacomo Falcone, Gıovannı Gulısano, Bruno Francesco Nıcolò, and Anna Irene De Luca. "The socio-economic impacts of organic and conventional olive growing in Italy." New Medit 19, no. 1 (2020): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/nm2001h.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Olive growing is the most important agricultural activity in Italy, representing, in 2010, 56% of Italian farms and 76% of land used for permanent crops. Producing high-quality products, such as healthy and socially responsible produces, while containing costs, is the current market challenge, and evaluation tools are of utmost importance to help farmers shaping management practices to obtain competitive prod-ucts. This study applies Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and social Life Cycle Assessment (sLCA) as evaluation tools to compare the socio-economic impacts of organic and conventional farming sys

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Shaposhnikova, I. О. "ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INCREASING COSTS OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ON HOUSING AFFORDABILITY." Building production, no. 78 (February 26, 2025): 110–16. https://doi.org/10.36750/2524-2555.78.110-116.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract. This study examines the impact of rising construction material costs on housing affordability, focusing on Ukraine, the European Union, and the United States during the period 2019–2024. The research employs statistical datasets and econometric analyses to assess the relationship between construction material price inflation and the declining accessibility of housing. It identifies significant price growth in essential materials such as steel, concrete, and timber, far exceeding general inflation rates. These trends are attributed to a combination of global and regional factors, incl

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Artese, Serena, Manuela De Ruggiero, Francesca Salvo, and Raffaele Zinno. "Research of the Critical Capitalization Rate in Building Damage Appraisal." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (2022): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010486.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

From the perspective of building health monitoring and property management, this research proposes some parametric measures of the capitalization rate, in order to define a range of significant values to be used in a cash flow analysis intended for monetary evaluation in partial building damage assessment. If criteria and methods for appraising partial damage to buildings are widely shared in the scientific and professional communities, the identification of the most appropriate capitalization rate is rather more controversial, and certainly more complex. The proposed approach borrows the logi

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Gómez Martínez, Gabriel, and Miguel Ángel Pérez Martín. "Water Management Adaptation to Climate Change in Mediterranean Semiarid Regions by Desalination and Photovoltaic Solar Energy, Spain." Water 15, no. 18 (2023): 3239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15183239.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Integration of renewable energy sources and water production technologies is a must when facing water scarcity problems in semiarid regions, such as Mediterranean regions. The use of additional water resources and production methods, such as reclaimed water and, more specifically, desalinated water, means present and necessary water resources to introduce in the water balances to attend to water demands within a global warming and droughting scenario. These solutions have the inconvenience of energy/power needs and costs. However, the development of renewable energies like photovoltaic solar e

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Janis, Brett A., Neil Tanna, and Jeffrey E. Janis. "A Wealth and Investment Primer for Plastic Surgeons: The Two Pillar Framework." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 11, no. 8 (2023): e5083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000005083.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Summary: Sound investing, analogous to maintaining good health, is a long-term process that must be continuously nurtured and strengthened. This article will describe how adhering to a simple, two-pillar framework can help plastic surgeons secure superior wealth generation. Our first pillar is anchored on developing a consistent savings plan geared to circumstances and lifestyle goals at each career stage. Each plastic surgeon’s path is unique, but there are common drivers based on substantial upfront educational costs and high life-time wage incomes. The second pillar is focused on generating

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Huong, Pham T. T., Arij P. Everaarts, Jacques J. Neeteson, and Paul C. Struik. "Performance of Permanent Vegetable Production Systems Designed with the PermVeg Model for the Red River Delta, Vietnam." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (2019): 2719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102719.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The aim of the research described was to design permanent vegetable production systems for the Red River Delta in Vietnam. Permanent vegetable production systems better meet the increasing consumer demand for vegetables and may increase farmers’ income. Optimum crop sequences for permanent vegetable production in the Red River Delta were designed with the recently developed model PermVeg. The crop sequences designed were tested in a field experiment from May 2007 to May 2009. The production systems tested were five systems designed according to the scenarios of (i) high profitability, (ii) low

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Glückler, Johannes, and Robert Panitz. "Live Music in the Time of Corona: On the Resilience and Impact of a Philharmonic Orchestra on the Urban Economy." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043611.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments enforced epidemic policies of social distancing, restrictions of professional practice, and the prohibition of cultural live performances. Because such policies dried up important sources of income in the cultural and tourism industries, this paper examines how cultural institutions coped with this crisis. Drawing on the case of the Mannheim Philharmonic Orchestra in Germany, we collected original data and employed a regional economic impact analysis to determine both the financial resilience of the Orchestra and its impact on the urban economy. B

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Lenny Novita and Hamdi Abdul Karim. "EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING EDUCATION INVESTMENT COSTS FOR THE FUTURE." ICMIE Proceedings 2, no. 1 (2025): 103–9. https://doi.org/10.30983/icmie.v2i1.48.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The significant increase in education costs from year to year in Indonesia requires strategic financial planning and management by individuals and families. This research aims to identify and discuss various effective strategies in managing education investment costs for the future. The method used is a literature review, by reviewing various credible sources related to education financial management, investment instruments, as well as financial and educational institution reports. The results of the study show that early education financial planning, utilization of financial instruments such

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Bhaskara, Srikanta, and Kamaljit S. Bawa. "Societal Digital Platforms for Sustainability: Agriculture." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 5048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095048.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

During the last several decades, international and national agricultural research infrastructures have rapidly expanded, bringing the outputs of agricultural research to the world’s farmers. However, despite huge investments in agricultural research, there have been few systematic efforts to create digital platforms to meet the information requirements of farmers in a changing world. We describe an interactive information system in real time to provide agricultural information to farmers. The goals were to increase yields, reduce or optimize farm inputs, inform farmers about markets and govern

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!