Статті в журналах: "Plant biochemical genetics"

1

Gray, William M., and Mark Estelle. "Biochemical genetics of plant growth." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (April 1998): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0958-1669(98)80115-8.

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2

Gressel, J. "Plant Biochemical Regulators." Plant Science 85, no. 1 (January 1992): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(92)90105-u.

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3

Langebartels, Christian, Kristina Kerner, Silvio Leonardi, Martina Schraudner, Monika Trost, Werner Heller, and Heinrich Sandermann. "Biochemical Plant Responses to Ozone." Plant Physiology 95, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.95.3.882.

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4

Schraudner, Martina, Dieter Ernst, Christian Langebartels, and Heinrich Sandermann. "Biochemical Plant Responses to Ozone." Plant Physiology 99, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 1321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.99.4.1321.

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5

Haughn, George W., Laurence Davin, Michael Giblin, and Edward W. Underhill. "Biochemical Genetics of Plant Secondary Metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plant Physiology 97, no. 1 (September 1, 1991): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.97.1.217.

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6

REITER, W. "Biochemical genetics of nucleotide sugar interconversion reactions." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 11, no. 3 (June 2008): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2008.03.009.

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7

Hargreaves, J. A. "Genetic basis of biochemical mechanisms of plant disease." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 30, no. 3 (May 1987): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(87)90026-9.

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8

Radwanski, Elaine R., and Robert L. Last. "Tryptophan Biosynthesis and Metabolism: Biochemical and Molecular Genetics." Plant Cell 7, no. 7 (July 1995): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3870047.

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9

Parrotta, Luigi, Umesh Kumar Tanwar, Iris Aloisi, Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka, Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek, and Stefano Del Duca. "Plant Transglutaminases: New Insights in Biochemistry, Genetics, and Physiology." Cells 11, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091529.

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Transglutaminases (TGases) are calcium-dependent enzymes that catalyse an acyl-transfer reaction between primary amino groups and protein-bound Gln residues. They are widely distributed in nature, being found in vertebrates, invertebrates, microorganisms, and plants. TGases and their functionality have been less studied in plants than humans and animals. TGases are distributed in all plant organs, such as leaves, tubers, roots, flowers, buds, pollen, and various cell compartments, including chloroplasts, the cytoplasm, and the cell wall. Recent molecular, physiological, and biochemical evidence pointing to the role of TGases in plant biology and the mechanisms in which they are involved allows us to consider their role in processes such as photosynthesis, plant fertilisation, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf senescence. In the present paper, an in-depth description of the biochemical characteristics and a bioinformatics comparison of plant TGases is provided. We also present the phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, and sequence alignment of TGase proteins in various plant species, not described elsewhere. Currently, our knowledge of these proteins in plants is still insufficient. Further research with the aim of identifying and describing the regulatory components of these enzymes and the processes regulated by them is needed.

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10

Paolis, Angelo, Giovanna Frugis, Donato Giannino, Maria Iannelli, Giovanni Mele, Eddo Rugini, Cristian Silvestri, et al. "Plant Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology: Following Mariotti’s Steps." Plants 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8010018.

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This review is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Domenico Mariotti, who significantly contributed to establishing the Italian research community in Agricultural Genetics and carried out the first experiments of Agrobacterium-mediated plant genetic transformation and regeneration in Italy during the 1980s. Following his scientific interests as guiding principles, this review summarizes the recent advances obtained in plant biotechnology and fundamental research aiming to: (i) Exploit in vitro plant cell and tissue cultures to induce genetic variability and to produce useful metabolites; (ii) gain new insights into the biochemical function of Agrobacterium rhizogenes rol genes and their application to metabolite production, fruit tree transformation, and reverse genetics; (iii) improve genetic transformation in legume species, most of them recalcitrant to regeneration; (iv) untangle the potential of KNOTTED1-like homeobox (KNOX) transcription factors in plant morphogenesis as key regulators of hormonal homeostasis; and (v) elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the transition from juvenility to the adult phase in Prunus tree species.

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11

Antão, Cecília M., and F. Xavier Malcata. "Plant serine proteases: biochemical, physiological and molecular features." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 43, no. 7 (July 2005): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.05.001.

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12

Machray, G. C., and W. D. P. Stewart. "Genetics of plant-microbe nitrogen-fixing symbiosis." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 85, no. 3-4 (1985): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000004048.

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SynopsisA wide variety of plant-microbe nitrogen-fixing symbioses which include cyanobacteria as the nitrogenfixing partner exist. While some information has been gathered on the biochemical changes in the cyanobacterium upon entering into symbiosis, very little is known about the accompanying changes at the genetic level. Much of our present knowledge of the organisation and control of expression of nitrogenfixation (nif) genes is derived from studies of the free-living diazotroph Klebsiella pneumoniae. This organism thus provides a model system and source of experimental material for the genetic analysis of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We describe the use of cloned K. pneumoniae genes for nitrogen fixation and its regulation in the genetic analysis' of nitrogen fixation in cyanobacteria which can enter into symbiosis with plants. These studies reveal some dissimilarities in the organisation of nif genes and raise questions as to the genetic control of nitrogen fixation in symbiosis.

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13

Burke, John J., Patricia E. Gamble, Jerry L. Hatfield, and Jerry E. Quisenberry. "Plant Morphological and Biochemical Responses to Field Water Deficits." Plant Physiology 79, no. 2 (October 1, 1985): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.79.2.415.

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14

Konstantinov, Kosana, and Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic. "Molecular genetics: Step by step implementation in maize breeding." Genetika 39, no. 2 (2007): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0702139k.

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Efficiency in plant breeding is determined primarily by the ability to screen for genetic polymorphism, productivity and yield stability early in program. Dependent on the knowledge about the biochemical bases of the trait and nature of its genetic control, trait could be modified either through mutagenesis of genes controlling it or through the transfer of already existing mutant genes, controlling desired trait to different plant genotypes by classic crossing. Objective of this report is to present partly results on the investigation of the possibilities to apply ionizing radiations (fast neutrons, ? -rays) and chemical mutagens (EI, iPMS, EMS, ENU) to get maize and wheat mutants with increased amount and improved protein quality. Besides this approach in mutation breeding, results on the very early investigation of biochemical background of opaque -2 mutation including use of coupled cell - free RNA and protein synthesis containing components from both wild and opaque - 2 maize genotypes (chromatin, RNA polymerase, microsomall fraction, protein bodies) will be presented. Partial results on opaque - 2 gene incorporation in different genetic background are reviewed. Part of report is dealing with different classes of molecular markers (proteins, RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, and SSR) application in maize genome polymorphism investigation. Besides application of different molecular markers classes in the investigation of heterosis phenomena they are useful in biochemical pathway of important traits control determination as well. .

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15

Young, Jeff C., Natalie D. DeWitt, and Michael R. Sussman. "A Transgene Encoding a Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase That Confers Acid Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings." Genetics 149, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.2.501.

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Abstract Proton pumps (H+-ATPases) are the primary active transport systems in the plasma membrane of higher plant cells. These enzymes are encoded by a large gene family expressed throughout the plant, with specific isoforms directed to various specialized cells. While their involvement in membrane energetics has been suggested by a large body of biochemical and physiological studies, a genetic analysis of their role in plants has not yet been performed. We report here that mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants containing a phloem-specific transgene encoding a plasma membrane H+-ATPase with an altered carboxy terminus show improved growth at low pH during seedling development. These observations provide the first genetic evidence for a role of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase in cytoplasmic pH homeostasis in plants.

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16

Kohler, Robert E. "Systems of Production: Drosophila, Neurospora, and Biochemical Genetics." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 87–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27757674.

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17

Galovic, Vladislava, Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic, Julijana Navalusic, and Marija Zlokolica. "Characterization methods and fingerprinting of agronomical important crop species." Genetika 38, no. 2 (2006): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0602083g.

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Continued usage of morphological data to describe agronomical important genotypes indicates that those data retain popularity as descriptors of plant species. However, the need is arising for their more detailed description by laboratory-based biochemical and molecular methods. The standardization of those techniques has been achieved by ISTA and UPOV through DUS testing that is the basis of the system of protection of Plant Breeders Rights. Not only by morphological characterization but also by combining morphological, biochemical and molecular aspects in identification and description of agronomical important genotypes, it is possible to reveal their unique genetic profiles e.g. fingerprints. In this review we summarized the techniques that proved to be successfully applied in biochemical and molecular characterization of agronomical important genotypes. Obtaining their unique genetic profiles due to application of those methods, it is now possible to precisely characterize them with most certainty and reproducibility.

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18

Nair, Anuradha, Rachna Agarwal, and Rajani Kant Chittela. "Biochemical characterization of plant Rad52 protein from rice (Oryza sativa)." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 106 (September 2016): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.048.

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19

Wen, Tuan-Nan, and Dawn S. Luthe. "Biochemical Characterization of Rice Glutelin." Plant Physiology 78, no. 1 (May 1, 1985): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.78.1.172.

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20

Yesilirmak, Filiz, and Zehra Sayers. "Heterelogous Expression of Plant Genes." International Journal of Plant Genomics 2009 (August 6, 2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/296482.

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Heterologous expression allows the production of plant proteins in an organism which is simpler than the natural source. This technology is widely used for large-scale purification of plant proteins from microorganisms for biochemical and biophysical analyses. Additionally expression in well-defined model organisms provides insights into the functions of proteins in complex pathways. The present review gives an overview of recombinant plant protein production methods using bacteria, yeast, insect cells, and Xenopus laevis oocytes and discusses the advantages of each system for functional studies and protein characterization.

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21

Leroy, Thierry, Fabienne Ribeyre, Benóit Bertrand, Pierre Charmetant, Magali Dufour, Christophe Montagnon, Pierre Marraccini, and David Pot. "Genetics of coffee quality." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18, no. 1 (March 2006): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202006000100016.

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Coffee quality, in the present context of overproduction worldwide, has to be considered as a main selection criterion for coffee improvement. After a definition of quality, and an overview of the non genetic factors affecting its variation, this review focuses on the genetic factors involved in the control of coffee quality variation. Regarding the complexity of this trait, the different types of quality are first presented. Then, the great variation within and between coffee species is underlined, mainly for biochemical compounds related to quality (caffeine, sugars, chlorogenic acids, lipids). The ways for breeding quality traits for cultivated species, Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora are discussed, with specific challenges for each species. For C. arabica, maintaining a good quality in F1 intraspecific hybrids, introgressed lines from Timor hybrid, and grafted varieties are the main challenges. For C. canephora, the improvement is mainly based on intraspecific and interspecific hybrids, using the whole genetic variability available within this species. An improvement is obtained for bean size, with significant genetic gains in current breeding programmes. The content in biochemical compounds related to cup quality is another way to improve Robusta quality. Finally, ongoing programmes towards the understanding of the molecular determinism of coffee quality, particularly using coffee ESTs, are presented.

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22

Zhong, Ruiqin, Dongtao Cui, Robert L. Dasher, and Zheng-Hua Ye. "Biochemical characterization of rice xylan O-acetyltransferases." Planta 247, no. 6 (March 22, 2018): 1489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-018-2882-1.

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23

Pelsy, F., and M. Gonneau. "Genetic and biochemical analysis of intragenic complementation events among nitrate reductase apoenzyme-deficient mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia." Genetics 127, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/127.1.199.

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Abstract Intragenic complementation has been observed between apoenzyme nitrate reductase-deficient mutants (nia) of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. In vivo as in vitro, the NADH-nitrate reductase (NR) activity in plants heterozygous for two different nia alleles was lower than in the wild type plant, but the plants were able to grow on nitrate as a sole nitrogen source. NR activity, absent in extracts of homozygous nia mutants was restored by mixing extracts from two complementing nia mutants. These observations suggest that NR intragenic complementation results from either the formation of heteromeric NR or from the interaction between two modified enzymes. Complementation was only observed between mutants retaining different partial catalytic activities of the enzyme. Results are in agreement with molecular data suggesting the presence of three catalytic domains in the subunit of the enzyme.

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24

Folta, Kevin M., and Sofia D. Carvalho. "Photoreceptors and Control of Horticultural Plant Traits." HortScience 50, no. 9 (September 2015): 1274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.9.1274.

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Plant productivity and product quality ultimately are dependent on an interaction between genetics and environment, and one of the most important environmental cues is light. Light quantity, quality, and duration provide critical information to plants that mediate growth and development. Light signal transduction is dependent on a series of photoreceptors and their associated signaling pathways that direct intracellular processes that lead to changes in gene expression that ultimately affect plant form, function, and content. For the last several decades, scientists have dissected these signaling pathways and understand how they connect the environment to a response. The advent of narrow-bandwidth illumination in commercial lighting invites the opportunity to manipulate plant behavior and productivity through precise alteration of the ambient spectrum. This review describes the biochemical links that convert incident light into predictable changes in plant growth and development. These sensors and pathways serve as biochemical switches that can be selectively toggled to control plant growth, development, physiology, or metabolite accumulation.

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25

Podzimek, Tomáš, Jaroslav Matoušek, Petra Lipovová, Pavla Poučková, Vojtěch Spiwok, and Jiří Šantrůček. "Biochemical properties of three plant nucleases with anticancer potential." Plant Science 180, no. 2 (February 2011): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.10.006.

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26

Sikora, Per, Aakash Chawade, Mikael Larsson, Johanna Olsson, and Olof Olsson. "Mutagenesis as a Tool in Plant Genetics, Functional Genomics, and Breeding." International Journal of Plant Genomics 2011 (January 22, 2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/314829.

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Plant mutagenesis is rapidly coming of age in the aftermath of recent developments in high-resolution molecular and biochemical techniques. By combining the high variation of mutagenised populations with novel screening methods, traits that are almost impossible to identify by conventional breeding are now being developed and characterised at the molecular level. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the various techniques and workflows available to researchers today in the field of molecular breeding, and how these tools complement the ones already used in traditional breeding. Both genetic (Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes; TILLING) and phenotypic screens are evaluated. Finally, different ways of bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype are discussed.

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27

Tikhonovich, Igor A., and Nikolay A. Provorov. "Simbiogenetics of microbe-plant interactions." Ecological genetics 1, no. 1 (January 15, 2003): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen1036-46.

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We present the concept of symbiogenetics defined as a branch of general genetics which investigates the Super-Organism Genetic Systems (SOGS) formed due to functional integration of partners' genes during symbiotic interactions. The minimal hereditary unit within SOGS involves no less than a pair of genes that belong to different partners and interact according to the models of complementation or epistasis. Using the examples of plant-microbe interactions we demonstrate that the integrity of SOGS is maintained due to tight signal interactions between partners and is manifested as formation of common biochemical pathways and as development of special symbiotic structures. Using the models of nodule development we demonstrate that the origin of SOGS involves recruiting of genes, which performed diverse functions in free-living organisms, into the symbiotic regulatory networks. The progressive evolution of nodule structures in different dicot lineages was based on the parallel recruiting of genes from the ancestral gene pool into symbiotic regulatory networks. The majority of mutualistic and antagonistic plant-microbe symbioscs represent the components of an evolutionary continuum that originated early in land plants and underwent intensive transformations due to high plasticity of SOGS based on inter- and intra-gene recombination.

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28

Wang, Xueting, Qiming Hu, Jiaxi Wang, Lina Lou, Xuewen Xu, and Xuehao Chen. "Comparative Biochemical and Transcriptomic Analyses Provide New Insights Into Phytoplasma Infection Responses in Cucumber." Genes 13, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 1903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13101903.

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Flat stem and witches’ broom phytoplasma-like symptoms in the cucumber inbred line C17 were observed in a greenhouse at Yangzhou University, China for three consecutive planting seasons; these symptoms resulted in a decreased yield. To better understand the cause of these symptoms, 16S rRNA PCR, plant hormones, mineral elements, and RNA-seq profiling were performed using symptomatic and normal stem samples. The results showed that the causal agent was classified as the Candidatus phytoplasma asteris strain, a plant pathogenic prokaryote that could not be cultured in vitro. Measurement of plant hormones showed that auxin, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid contents were significantly increased, whereas that of ethylene’s immediate biosynthetic precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, was decreased in the phytoplasma-infected stems compared with the healthy stems. Furthermore, measurement of mineral element composition showed that magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron, and zinc concentrations significantly changed in the phytoplasma-infected cucumber stems compared with the uninfected stems. Comparative RNA-seq identified 253 differentially expressed genes, including 179 upregulated and 74 downregulated genes. Further analyses suggested that genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction contributed to phytoplasma infection. Taken together, this study presents the first in-depth assessment of disease symptoms and biochemical content of cucumber stems known to be infected with phytoplasma.

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29

Kadam, Pratap Munjabhau, Damyanti Prajapati, R. V. Kumaraswamy, Sarita Kumari, Khaidem Aruna Devi, Ajay Pal, Harish, Shanti Kumar Sharma, and Vinod Saharan. "Physio-biochemical responses of wheat plant towards salicylic acid-chitosan nanoparticles." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 162 (May 2021): 699–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.021.

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30

Goldwasser, Y., J. Hershenhorn, D. Plakhine, Y. Kleifeld, and B. Rubin. "Biochemical factors involved in vetch resistance toOrobanche aegyptiaca." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 54, no. 3-4 (March 1999): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmpp.1998.0191.

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31

Yari, Sara, Seyed Abbas Mirjalili, Amir Mousavi, and Elahe Poorazizi. "Comparing the number of Iranian pomegranate genotypes based on morphological and biochemical properties." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 57, No. 4 (September 14, 2021): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/39/2021-cjgpb.

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Punica granatum L. is one of the oldest known edible fruits. Numerous chemical compounds have been isolated from pomegranate seeds, juice, and peels, which have beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to perform the physicochemical and morphological properties of twenty-four pomegranate genotypes from various provinces of Iran. Fifteen fruits of each cultivar are collected at harvest maturity in the normal ripening period for the pomegranate from the Iranian pomegranate genetic collection in Yazd, Iran. Five fruits were randomly harvested from each of four orientations of the tree, and were immediately taken to the laboratory for analysis. Three replicates were maintained for each analysis. The results indicated the highest levels of anthocyanin was observed in S783 and R633, while polyphenols in Q529, the antioxidant capacity in N755 and the total soluble solids levels in R633 and the total acidity levels were found in K477 and E336. On the other hand, the fruit weight (in S948), fruit diameter (in SH1738), crown diameter (in R533), total weight of the seeds (in S948), peel thickness (in S716), peel colour (in S948), and red juice (in S783) are significantly affected by the genotype. At a similarity of 50%, the genotypes were divided into nine sub-clusters including A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I. These identified genotypes can be rolled out in future breeding programmes.

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Vancetovic, Jelena, Marija Kostadinovic, Sofija Bozinovic, Ana Nikolic, Jelena Vukadinovic, Ksenija Markovic, and Dragana Ignjatovic-Micic. "Agronomic, biochemical and genetic attributes of maize high grain quality accessions." Genetika 52, no. 1 (2020): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr2001273v.

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Nutritional quality of maize is low because maize protein is poor in several essential amino acids. The purpose of this research was to analyze agronomic traits and kernel biochemical and physical properties of 16 gene bank accessions which comprise a mini-core collection for grain quality and to identify populations for improving protein quality. Standard ZP341 hybrid was superior for half of agronomic traits tested, especially grain yield, which was higher from 24% to six times. Ten accessions had protein content over 14 % and were further analyzed for amino acid composition and kernel characteristics. Additionally, genetic relationships between the accessions were determined by Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) analysis with 30 primers. All accessions showed elevated contents of most essential amino acids. Population L492 with 1.87 and 0.68 g 100g-1 dry weight had the highest contents of leucine and phenylalanine, respectively, but also higher contents of most other analyzed amino acids (p<0.05). Cluster analysis based on SSRs also distinguished L492 by separating it from all other accessions. Compared to ZP341, accessions were significantly inferior in grain weight and dimensions (p<0.05), but superior in most hardness parameters (p<0.05). Pearson correlations revealed lack of negative correlations between biochemical traits, indicating a possibility for concurrent improvement of several amino acids. The best way of improving protein quality of elite materials is through backcrossing and as populations were chosen according to their good general combining ability (with IoDent, Lancaster and BSSS), they could serve for improvement of elite materials of these genetic origins.

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Mitra, Mautusi, and Anastasios Melis. "Genetic and biochemical analysis of the TLA1 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Planta 231, no. 3 (December 15, 2009): 729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-1083-3.

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Mao, Juan, Wenxin Li, Jing Liu, and Jianming Li. "Versatile Physiological Functions of Plant GSK3-Like Kinases." Genes 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12050697.

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The plant glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinases are highly conserved protein serine/threonine kinases that are grouped into four subfamilies. Similar to their mammalian homologs, these kinases are constitutively active under normal growth conditions but become inactivated in response to diverse developmental and environmental signals. Since their initial discoveries in the early 1990s, many biochemical and genetic studies were performed to investigate their physiological functions in various plant species. These studies have demonstrated that the plant GSK3-like kinases are multifunctional kinases involved not only in a wide variety of plant growth and developmental processes but also in diverse plant stress responses. Here we summarize our current understanding of the versatile physiological functions of the plant GSK3-like kinases along with their confirmed and potential substrates.

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35

Hamdan, Maha A. M. S., and Richard A. Dixon. "Differential biochemical effects of elicitor preparations from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 28, no. 3 (May 1986): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-4059(86)80075-3.

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36

Schnitzler, J. P., I. Zimmer, A. Bachl, M. Arend, J. Fromm, and R. J. Fischbach. "Biochemical properties of isoprene synthase in poplar (Populus × canescens)." Planta 222, no. 5 (July 29, 2005): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-005-0022-1.

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37

Antonova, Elena V., Olesya Yu Shoeva, and Elena K. Khlestkina. "Biochemical and genetic polymorphism of Bromopsis inermis populations under chronic radiation exposure." Planta 249, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03144-z.

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38

Hartmann, Michael, Denis Kim, Friederike Bernsdorff, Ziba Ajami-Rashidi, Nicola Scholten, Stefan Schreiber, Tatyana Zeier, Stefan Schuck, Vanessa Reichel-Deland, and Jürgen Zeier. "Biochemical Principles and Functional Aspects of Pipecolic Acid Biosynthesis in Plant Immunity." Plant Physiology 174, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): 124–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00222.

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39

Alharbi, Basmah M., Awatif Mahfouz Abdulmajeed, and Heba Hassan. "Biochemical and Molecular Effects Induced by Triacontanol in Acquired Tolerance of Rice to Drought Stress." Genes 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12081119.

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To assess the effect of triacontanol (TRIA) on rice plants grown under normal or drought conditions, rice seeds were presoaked in TRIA (35 ppm) for two hours. After 20 days of sowing, rice seedlings developed from TRIA-treated or untreated seeds were subjected to drought stress. After 10 days of plant exposure to drought stress, data of major growth attributes and the content of photosynthetic pigments were recorded. Moreover, the effect of drought stress on stomatal conductance and the photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) were followed. The data obtained indicated that the species of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Giza 177 under investigation was sensitive to drought stress where there were significant decreases in the fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots and in stomatal conductance, as well as in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. Seed priming with TRIA enhanced both growth and acquired plant tolerance to drought stress. Thus, TRIA via the enhancement of stomatal conductance through the regulation of stomatal closure, the rate of water loss, ABA metabolism, the accumulation of osmolytes, and the regulation of aquaporins genes improved the water status of plants grown under water scarcity. Moreover, TRIA via increasing the content of free amino acids and sugars under drought stress may increase the chance of plant tissues to retain more water under scarcity conditions.

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40

Shogo, Matsumoto, Takebe Itaru, and Machida Yasunori. "Escherichia coli lacZ gene as a biochemical and histochemical marker in plant cells." Gene 66, no. 1 (June 1988): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(88)90221-1.

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41

Raven, J. A. "Land plant biochemistry." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1398 (June 29, 2000): 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0618.

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Biochemical studies have complemented ultrastructural and, subsequently, molecular genetic evidence consistent with the Charophyceae being the closest extant algal relatives of the embryophytes. Among the genes used in such molecular phylogenetic studies is that ( rbcL ) for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase (RUBISCO). The RUBISCO of the embryophytes is derived, via the Chlorophyta, from that of the cyanobacteria. This clade of the molecular phylogeny of RUBISCO shows a range of kinetic characteristics, especially of CO 2 affinities and of CO 2 / O 2 selectivities. The range of these kinetic values within the bryophytes is no greater than in the rest of the embryophytes; this has implications for the evolution of the embryophytes in the high atmospheric CO 2 environment of the late Lower Palaeozoic. The differences in biochemistry between charophycean algae and embryophytes can to some extent be related functionally to the structure and physiology of embryophytes. Examples of components of embryophytes, which are qualitatively or quantitatively different from those of charophytes, are the water repellent/water resistant extracellular lipids, the rigid phenolic polymers functional in waterconducting elements and mechanical support in air, and in UV–B absorption, flavonoid phenolics involved in UV–B absorption and in interactions with other organisms, and the greater emphasis on low M r organic acids, retained in the plant as free acids or salts, or secreted to the rhizosphere. The roles of these components are discussed in relation to the environmental conditions at the time of evolution of the terrestrial embryophytes. A significant point about embryophytes is the predominance of nitrogen–free extracellular structural material (a trait shared by most algae) and UV–B screening components, by contrast with analogous components in many other organisms. An important question, which has thus far been incompletely addressed, is the extent to which the absence from bryophytes of the biochemical pathways which produce components found only in tracheophytes is the result of evolutionary loss of these functions.

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42

Wagner, Elizabeth D., Mary M. Verdier, and Michael J. Plewa. "The biochemical mechanisms of the plant activation of promutagenic aromatic amines." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 15, no. 4 (1990): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.2850150411.

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43

Ignjatovic-Micic, Dragana, Ana Nikolic, Aleksandra Nikolic, and Marija Kostadinovic. "DNA and biochemical analysis of a potential opaque2 maize population." Genetika 49, no. 1 (2017): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1701051i.

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Maize has low nutritional value because it is poor in essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan, but different mutations have been identified that increase their content. Two high lysine/tryptophan populations from Maize Research Institute genebank (IP1 and IP2) were identified in a previous research. In both populations, analysis with umc1066 opaque2 specific marker detected a recessive (o2), a dominant (O2) and an unknown allele (UA). However, IP2 lacked homozygous recessive o2o2 genotypes. The aim of the present research was to determine by DNA and biochemical analysis if UA allele was a recessive allele and/or if high tryptophan content was due to the o2 or some other mutation. Tree more opaque accessions with different mutations - IP3o5, IP4o14 and IP5floury (no data on type of mutation) were used in biochemical analysis for comparison with IP1 and IP2. Kernels were divided into two samples - with hard and with soft kernels. The UA allele sequencing revealed that it was a dominant allele with four GCCAGA repeats. SSR analysis showed presence of o2 in IP1 in both hard and soft kernels. Decrease in 22 kDa, 19 kDa and 27 kDa zeins in soft kernels was observed only in IP1 and IP2. Tryptophan content was high in soft kernels of IP1 (0.081) and IP2 (0.085), and in both hard and soft kernels of IP3o5 (0.083 and 0.085, respectively). It can be concluded that IP1 is an o2 mutant and that IP2 carries a high tryptophan mutation other than o2, o5, o14 or floury.

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44

Schröder, R., R. G. Atkinson, G. Langenkämper, and R. J. Redgwell. "Biochemical and molecular characterisation of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase from ripe kiwifruit." Planta 204, no. 2 (January 22, 1998): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050253.

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45

Clark, Gregory B., Stanley J. Roux, and Sonal S. D. Blumenthal. "Biochemical and immunological characterization of pea nuclear intermediate filament proteins." Planta 218, no. 6 (April 1, 2004): 965–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1182-5.

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46

Fischer, Willi, Urs Christ, Monika Baumgartner, Karl H. Erismann, and Egon Mösinger. "Pathogenesis-related proteins of tomato: II. Biochemical and immunological characterization." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 35, no. 1 (July 1989): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(89)90008-8.

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47

Evans, Phillip T., Brian L. Holaway, and Russell L. Malmberg. "Biochemical differentiation in the tobacco flower probed with monoclonal antibodies." Planta 175, no. 2 (August 1988): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00392436.

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48

Sattler, Steven A., Alexander M. Walker, Wilfred Vermerris, Scott E. Sattler, and ChulHee Kang. "Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Cinnamoyl-CoA Reductases." Plant Physiology 173, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 1031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01671.

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49

Fernie, Alisdair R., and Lothar Willmitzer. "Molecular and Biochemical Triggers of Potato Tuber Development." Plant Physiology 127, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 1459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.010764.

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50

Abd El-Fatah, Bahaa E. S., Mohamed Hashem, Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr, Hadeel M. M. Khalil Bagy, and Saad A. M. Alamri. "Genetic and biochemical variations among sugar beet cultivars resistant to Cercospora leaf spot." Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 109 (January 2020): 101455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2019.101455.

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