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Дисертації з теми "Plasticizers"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 липня 2025

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1

Erythropel, Hanno. "Designing green plasticizers." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103728.

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Анотація:

Plasticizers are additives in poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) formulations that render the material flexible. This is important for many applications. Because these plasticizers are not bound to the polymer chemically, they will eventually leach out upon disposal. Considering also the widespread use of flexible PVC, it is not surprising that some plasticizers, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are considered ubiquitous contaminants in the environment. Previous studies have shown that DEHP, upon degradation, forms stable, toxic metabolites. Because of this and other concerns, DEHP and othe

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2

Lindström, Annika. "Environmentally Friendly Plasticizers for PVC : Improved Material Properties and Long-term Performance Through Plasticizer Design." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fiber- och polymerteknik, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4272.

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Анотація:

Linear and branched poly(butylene adipate) polyesters with number-average molecular weights ranging from 700 to 10 000 g/mol, and degrees of branching ranging from very low to hyperbranched were solution cast with PVC to study the effects of chemical structure, molecular weight, end-group functionality, and chain architecture on plasticizing efficiency and durability. Miscibility was evaluated by the existence of a single glass transition temperature and a shift of the carbonyl group absorption band. Desirable mechanical properties were achieved in flexible PVC films containing 40 weight-% of

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3

Lindström, Annika. "Environmentally friendly plasticizers for PVC : improved material properties and long-term performance through plasticizer design /." Stockholm : Fiber- och polymerteknologi Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4272.

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4

Xuan, Wenxiang. "Glucose Levulinates as Bio-plasticizers." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218153.

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Анотація:

Glucose, as the most plentiful sugar in nature, is a renewable resource and possesses excellent record in health safety. Levulinic acid is a platform chemical which plays an important role in biomass transformation and reactive intermediates. Both glucose and levulinic acid can be produced by biomass conversion with green processing techno logies. Due to the rising needs for bio-based, eco-friendly and non-toxic plasticizers, glucose levulinates as bio plasticizers were synthesized from glucose and levulinic acid, by utilizing microwave radiation or conventional condensation reaction (direc

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5

Lahdou, Gilbert. "Microbial degradation of dibenzoate plasticizers." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98983.

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Earlier work with the dibenzoate plasticizers, di(propylene-glycol) dibenzoate (D(PG)DB) and di(ethylene-glycol) dibenzoate (D(EG)DB), had shown that one yeast could hydrolyze one of the ester bonds of these compounds resulting in an accumulation of the monoesters, di(propylene-glycol) monobenzoate or di(ethylene-glycol) monobenzoate, respectively. These monoesters exhibited an acute toxicity greater than that of the parent compounds and greater than the metabolites of the widely used phthalate and adipate plasticizers.<br>In the present study, it was shown that the degradation of dibenzoate p

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6

Desai, Dipen. "Solid-state plasticizers for melt extrusion /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2007. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/AAI3276980.

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7

Kermanshahi, pour Azadeh. "Towards the development of green plasticizers." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95155.

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Research was conducted to investigate the effect of chemical functional groups, including the ether function and alkyl branches, on the biodegradation mechanisms and biodegradation rates of dibenzoate plasticizers. Biodegradation of 1,6-hexandiol dibenzoate, a potential green dibenzoate plasticizer, by Rhodococcus rhodochrous, was investigated in the presence of hexadecane as a primary carbon source. The metabolites, produced in the biodegradation process were detected using GC/MS and Fourier transform mass spectroscopy techniques. None of these metabolites were stable, with all tending to bio

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8

Korsieporn, Pira. "Interaction of plasticizers with mammalian cells." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98982.

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Анотація:

This investigation was focused on the in vitro metabolism of DEHA, DEHP and other common plasticizers by mammalian cell lines. The metabolic products and cell viability of hepatocytes (mouse and human) and human umbilical endothelial cells exposed to plasticizers was investigated in static culture.<br>Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that all of the plasticizers investigated were partially degraded, but at differing rates, depending on the plasticizer and cell line. Solubility and stearic effects were found to play important roles in determining the rate of hydrolysis. The only

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9

Gartshore, James. "Biodegradation of plasticizers by rhodotorula rubra." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33968.

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Анотація:

The degradation of plasticizers by the yeast Rhodotorula rubra J-96-1 (ATCC 9449) was studied in the presence of a water-soluble substrate (glucose). The plasticizers studied included bis 2-ethylhexyl adipate (B(EH)A), dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and terephthalate (DOTP), which are in widespread use. In addition, the degradation of two less common plasticizers, di-propylene glycol dibenzoate (D(PG)DB) and di-ethylene glycol dibenzoate (D(EG)DB), were studied. It has been proposed that the latter plasticizers be used as alternatives to the commonly used plasticizers, which have been associated with

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10

Sauvageau, Dominic. "Microbial esterase and the degradation of plasticizers." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81563.

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Анотація:

Previous studies have shown that the biodegradation of di-ester plasticizers can lead to the accumulation of toxic recalcitrant metabolites. Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC 13808 is a bacterium known to degrade plasticizers. The first steps of the biodegradation mechanism consist of esterase-mediated hydrolyses. The present study focused on characterizing the esterase produced by R. rhodochrous and defining its impact on the rate of hydrolysis of different di-ester plasticizers.<br>By means of esterase activity and growth studies, it was possible to determine that the esterase produced by

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11

Nalli, Sandro. "Biological degradation of plasticizers and their metabolites." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85630.

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Анотація:

Plasticizers are widely used as additives for the production of PVC and other types of plastics. They have been observed to leach out of the solid matrix over the course of the lifetime of the finished product. These compounds have now been observed across the globe and in different environments. The main focus of this work is the study of the interactions of industrial plasticizers with soil microorganisms including bacteria, yeast and fungi.<br>This research is concerned with the microbial degradation of plasticizers such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate

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12

Firlotte, Nicolas. "Mechanical testing and biodegradation of an alternative dibenzoate plasticizer." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116041.

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Анотація:

Plasticizers are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Biodegradation of some of these chemicals, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP or DOP), has been shown to lead to the accumulation of toxic metabolic breakdown products. As a result there is a desire to produce new, fully biodegradable, "green" plasticizers. With this goal in mind, a series of tests were developed to be used to measure the plasticizing efficiency of potential green plasticizers. The base resin selected for the study was poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the plasticized polymer was m

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13

Vikan, Hedda Vestøl. "Rheology and Reactivity of Cementitious Binders with Plasticizers." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-689.

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<p>The rheological behaviour of cementitious pastes has been studied by various means. Six different cements have been studied in main parts of the work and all of them have been characterized according to the Rietveld method in order to determine the exact content of minerals. Easily soluble alkalis were measured by plasma-emission- spectroscopy of the fluid filtered from paste. Three types of plasticizers namely naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (SNF), lignosulphonate and polyacrylate grafted with polyether (PA) have been used throughout the work. The influence of the plasticizer

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14

Ricci, Andrea. "Thermoplastic lignin esters as polymeric plasticizers for bioplastics." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24906/.

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In this thesis, a sustainable and scalable process for modifying the structure of technical lignin to make it suitable for mixing with common bioplastics is studied. More specifically, this project deals with the development of a method of grafting fatty acids onto lignin. First, an updated state of the art concerning the processes for lignin production and its esterification is introduced and thoroughly discussed. Next, the materials and methods used to perform one-pot synthesis on lignin are described. The grafting process is initially optimized using a model reaction; afterwards, these cond

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15

Lenti, Mattia. "Triethyl citrate-based oligomeric plasticizers for poly(lactic acid)." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15760/.

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Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a bio-based, biocompatible, biodegradable polymer that can be produced from renewable resources including starch from corn and potatoes, sugar from beets and sugar cane. Poly(lactic acid) and its copolymers have attracted significant attention in environmental, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications and as alternatives to petroleum-based polymers. Due to the relatively high glass transition temperature (55°C) and low crystallization rate which respectively result in a brittle behaviour and low production efficiency, the use of a plasticizer is critical to meet t

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16

Horn, Owen. "Environmental Contamination by Metabolites of Microbial Degradation of Plasticizers." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92140.

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Анотація:

Earlier work with pure cultures has shown that the interaction of microbes with plasticizers leads to the formation ofmetabolites including 2-ethylhexanol and 2ethylhexanoic acid that resist further degradation. The same studies have shown that these compounds exhibit acute toxicity. This work has shown that the ability of soil micro-organisms to produce these metabolites from the degradation ofplasticizers is a general phenomenon. It was also found that the ability of soil organisms to degrade 2ethylhexanoic acid does not seem to be as common. Taken together, it would be expected that partial

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17

Nalli, Sandro. "Biodegradation of plasticizers : characterization and toxicity of their metabolites." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31062.

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Анотація:

More than one billion pounds of plasticizers are produced each year to supply the plastics industry. Some of these plasticizers, particularly phthalates, are suspected endocrine disruptors. However, few studies have been conducted to determine if they are susceptible to biodegradation by naturally occurring bacteria once they are released into the environment.<br>Six organisms were tested for their ability to grow in the presence of six different industrial plasticizers. Two bacteria, Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Arthrobacter paraffineus, grew well in media containing n-hexadecane and one of th

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18

Caris, Andrade Rodrigo. "Biodegration of commonly used plasticizers by pure bacterial cultures." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106606.

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Анотація:

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate are commonly used plasticizers, but also known contaminants when they are released into the environment. Studies involving growing the common soil bacterium Rhodococcus rhodochrous and the yeast Rhodotorula rubra in the presence of the plasticizers and an additional carbon source have shown that these compounds are partially degraded, the breakdown products are toxic metabolites and some of them resist further degradation.In order to observe if the degradation pathway and the fate of the metabolites produ

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19

Smith, Logan. "The effect of surfactant on the biodegradation of plasticizers." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117060.

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Анотація:

The processing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) usually necessitates the addition of compounds called plasticizers to the polymer in order to increase flexibility. These plasticizers, however, are capable of leaching out of the polymer into the environment. This study aimed at characterizing the environmental biodegradation of both commercial and alternative plasticizers. In particular, the effect of surfactants on the biodegradation kinetics was investigated because these compounds are often present in the environment as both waste products and naturally occurring compounds. Since plasticizers are

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20

Mercer, Angela. "Migration studies of plasticizers from PVC film into food." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4319.

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21

Yorkgitis, Elaine Marie. "The modification of polymeric materials with plasticizers or elastomers." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49965.

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Анотація:

The modification of polymeric materials using plasticizers or elastomers has been investigated in three research programs. The first describes epoxy resins modified with dimethylsiloxane, dimethyl-co-methyltrifluoropropyl siloxane, and dimethyl-co-diphenyl siloxane. The apparent compatibility between the epoxy and the siloxanes was enhanced by increasing methyltrifluoropropyl or diphenyl siloxane content or lowering molecular weight, resulting in profound changes in morphology and the resultant mechanical properties of the modified resins. Fracture toughness was most significantly improved usi

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22

Burger, Kirstin. "Evaluation of eucalyptus citriodora derived p-menthane-3,8-diol-citronellal acetal as a bio-plasticizer for cosmetic application." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014080.

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Анотація:

Plasticizers are generally added to cosmetic and personal care products to improve the filmforming abilities of the product and increase flexibility of the film formed on the skin or hair surface. For example, plasticizers are present in perfumes to prolong the release of the specific scent, which is the ultimate goal in a good quality perfume. Plasticizers in nail varnishes prevent chipping, improve the aesthetics by adhering to the keratin in the nail which means the coating stays on for much longer, which is the ultimate goal in nail products. Plasticizers improve the gloss, resist chipping

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23

Albano, Ylenia. "Biomass as source of furan-based plasticizers for soft PVC." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16723/.

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Анотація:

Polymeric materials are strongly entrenched in our society, where PVC is one of the most versatile one. The replacement of traditional phthalates plasticizers, used in the production of soft PVC, has been object of intense research in the last decades, due to their toxicological effects on humans and environmental and the increasing awareness regarding the use of fossil fuels. Bio-based platform chemicals, 5-hydroxymethylfuran (HMF) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), accessible from lignocellulosic biomass, have been used in this research as starting materials for the production of alterna

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24

Masia, Marco. "Solvation dynamics and ion transport in conventional solvents and plasticizers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6607.

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El argumento fundamental de esta tesis es el estudio de la solvatación iónica por medio de cálculos con ordenador. Tres lineas de investigación han sido seguidas:<br/>(i) Solvatación y mobilidad ionica. Las características principales del processo de intercambio entre la primera y la segunda capa de hidratación iónica para Li+ en agua se ha encontrado ser independiente del estado termodinamico en gran medida. Ha sido demostrado que el desplazamiento cuadrático medio de moléculas pertenecientes a complejos inertes está caracterizado por un largo transitorio debido a la lenta relajación rotacion

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25

Berry, Lee J. "Evaluation of novel plasticizers as carriers in dyeing aramid fabrics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9978.

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26

Bui, Tuong Thuy. "Assessing human exposure to phthalates, alternative plasticizers and organophosphate esters." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141808.

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Анотація:

Phthalate esters (PEs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) are common indoor pollutants frequently detected in environmental (dust, air), personal (hand wipes, diet) and human matrices (urine, serum etc.). In this thesis, mathematical models were used to establish links between intake and body burden for a comprehensive dataset based on a Norwegian study population. Also, the relative importance of different PE uptake pathways was assessed and discussed. Furthermore, the suitability of human nails as an alternative, non-invasive biomonitoring matrix for PEs was investigated. Additionally, inform

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27

AOYAMA, TOSHIFUMI, SEIICHIRO ITOHARA, MICHIHIRO KAMIJIMA, GAKU ICHIHARA та TAMIE NAKAJIMA. "Functional Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα) by Environmental Chemicals in Relation to Their Toxicities". Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16763.

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28

McGlynn, Andrea. "Interaction of DEHA with mammalian cells." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111939.

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Анотація:

This project studied the biodegradation of a plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), by two mammalian cell lines, HepG2 and WIF-B, in vitro . An MTT assay showed that DEHA had a toxic effect on both cell lines. Despite this, both hepatocyte cell lines successfully degraded the plasticizer. Metabolites were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. HepG2 cells showed minimal alcohol dehydrogense activity and this resulted in the accumulation of 2-ethylhexanol. WIF-B cells were able to breakdown the alcohol and produced 2-ethylhexanoic acid. It is important to note that an enzyme w

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29

Grochowalski, Adam. "Microbial degradation of Di-ester plasticizers in the presence of surfactants." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80016.

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Анотація:

The degradation of common di-ester plasticizers, including di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate and di-(propylene glycol) dibenzoate, by several strains of soil bacteria has been previously shown to lead to an accumulation of metabolites that are more toxic than the parent compounds. This research has shown that the pattern of degradation of these plasticizers can be significantly different in the presence of biosurfactants or synthetic surfactants. In particular, the additions of surfactin, sophorolipid or Pluronic L122 to cultures of Bacillus subtilis each resulted in in

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30

Liu, HuiHua. "Synergistic interactions of plasticizers and nanoclays in hydrophilic starch based bionanocomposites." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1758.

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Анотація:

Depletion of non-renewable resources and exorbitant levels of carbon dioxide emissions have questioned the further usage of traditional plastics. The imbalance in global sustainability has necessitated the development and use of biodegradable polymers. This research work set sights on understanding the synergistic interactions of plasticizer, starch and Na[superscript]+-montmorillonite (MMT). Having a clear view of the molecular behavior within this ternary system ameliorates the performance of the end product and fabrication of the tailored-property biodegradable polymers. Conversely, the exp

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31

Al-Omran, L. A. J. "The distribution and behaviour of phthalate esters in the aquatic environment." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382038.

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32

Fontaine, Adam. "Degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone)-based 'green' plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride)". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117014.

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Анотація:

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) requires the addition of large quantities of plasticizers in order to improve the flexibility and processability of the polymer. Since the plasticizer is not bound to the PVC polymer matrix, there is a tendency of the plasticizer to migrate into the surroundings. The most commonly used PVC plasticizer, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), has become a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. As with other plasticizers, it may either accumulate or lead to the formation of metabolites, which resist further degradation and can themselves be toxic. Accordingly, there is incent

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33

Choi, Seong Ying. "Dual functional ionic liquids as plasticizers and antimicrobial agents for medical polymers." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579684.

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Анотація:

PVC accounts for more than 25% of the plastics used in medical devices, with medical tubing, such as that used in catheters and endotraechal the major applications. PVC is often plasticized using phthalate esters, but this group of plasticizers is environmentally contentious and there is evidence to suggest they are dangerous to human health. Furthermore, medical device-related infections and biofilm formation have been major challenges associated with PVC medical devices. Therefore, a dual functional novel additive having both plasticizing and antimicrobial properties could be a solution to a

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34

Hörsing, Maritha. "Leaching and Transformation of Flame Retardants and Plasticizers under Simulated Landfill Conditions." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15204.

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Анотація:

Many products used in our everyday life contain chemicals added to give them specific properties. Flame retardants (FRs) are added to prevent or retard fires in textiles, plastics etc., while plasticizers are supplied to make plastics more flexible. Through their widespread applications chemicals from both groups are emitted and spread in the environment during usage and disposal. For a long time these products were mainly disposed of in landfills, and in many areas they still are. Thus, since some of these chemicals also pose potential environmental risks and health hazards, there is a need t

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35

Khairuddin. "Clay-polyvinylalcohol nanocomposites : competitive adsorption of polyvinylalcohol and plasticizers onto Na-bentonite." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2012. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19908/.

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Competitive adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) and plasticizers (PEG Mw 600 and 2000, M600 and quaternized M600) onto Na-bentonite has been studied. Preliminary experiments showed that as the concentration of plasticizers or PVOH increased, the amount adsorbed by clay increased and followed a Langmuir-type adsorption. The order of affinity to clay was PVOH, PEG2000, M600 and PEG600. Step changes occurred in the gallery with increasing amounts of plasticizer offered as it expanded from a depleted single layer through to a full single layer, then a combined single and bilayer system, and f

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36

Datta, Arindam. "Effects of plasticizers on extrusion of PVC: an experimental & numerical study." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54346.

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Plasticizers are often interchanged with the idea that they will not affect the processing behavior of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). However, when the plasticizer type is changed, various complaints are made by the processors that the material no longer processes the same. This research was concerned with the effect of three different plasticizers on the plasticating extrusion behavior of PVC. Di-isodecyl pthalate (DIDP), di-hexyl pthalate (DHP) and 2-ethyl hexyl pthalate (DOP) are the three plasticizers used in this study. First some differences in the extrusion performance of the three different

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37

Sohrabi, Mohammad Reza. "Thin layered systems for the repair and protection of concrete structures." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/485.

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Thin layered systems can be considered as a solution to the repair and protection of concrete structures. This subject was studied in the current investigation. Some common uses of these systems include protection, upgrading and rehabilitation of the floor slabs,restoration of appearance of the structures, impermeability, skid resistance, wear resistance, and protection of the reinforcing steel of concrete structures against atmospheric or chemical attack. However it can be said that protection, upgrading and rehabilitation of floor slabs are the main uses for the design of modem thin layered

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38

Norwood, Verrill M. IV. "Introduction of Natural Oils into Rubber Compounds." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/198.

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In the rubber industry, plasticizers for rubber compounds mainly consist of petroleum derivatives. Consequently, the rubber industry is in constant competition with many petroleum consumers. This competition places an economic strain on rubber companies such as HEXPOL RUBBER COMPOUNDING L.L.C. In order to alleviate this strain, natural oil alternatives to petroleum plasticizers are of novel research interest and are investigated in this thesis project.

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39

FORNER, PIQUER ISABEL. "Plasticizers as endocrine disruptors: the case of the endocannabinoid system in teleost species." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/252909.

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Plasticizers, as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Di-isononyl phthalate (DiNP), are chemicals added to the plastics to improve their performance, which recently, turned into a ubiquitous in the environment due to the high rate of use and manufacture of plastic, and hence, of the plasticizers. BPA and DiNP have been found in all environmental matrices, being bioavailable for organisms and reported as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). On the other hand, the endocannabinoid system (ECS), a novel lipid signaling system lately defined, has been proposed as a new target for the potential effects of the ED

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40

Samiayah, Ganesh Kumar School of Physiology &amp Pharmacology UNSW. "Pharmacokinetics, Cerebrovascular Permeability & Biotransformation of the Neurotoxic Plasticiser N-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS)." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Physiology & Pharmacology, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17597.

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The pharmacokinetics, oral bioavailability, cerebrovascular permeability and biotransformation of the neurotoxic plasticiser n-butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) were studied in order that the human health risk due to environmental exposure to NBBS could be evaluated. The pharmacokinetics of NBBS was determined in Wistar rats, following intravenous administration of the isotopomer [13C6] NBBS (1 mg/kg in 0.9% saline). [13C6] NBBS is cleared from plasma at a rate of 5 ml/min by the liver. The plasticiser has a short distribution phase (t1/2 of 47 seconds) and a long terminal phase (t1/2 of 17 hou

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Gonul, Mahmut. "Correlation of plasticizer chemical/physical properties to dyeability and finished characteristics of Nomex Aramid fabrics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8527.

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42

Marklund, Anneli. "Levels and sources of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in indoor and outdoor environments." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Dept. of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-640.

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43

Kastner, Joshua. "Aqueous leaching of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and 'green' plasticizers from poly (vinyl chloride)." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110531.

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Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) processing requires the addition of plasticizers in large quantities to lower its glass transition temperature, thus increasing the flexibility and processability of the polymer. The extrusion of plasticizer into PVC does not lead to primary bonding and there is a tendency for leaching of the plasticizer into the surrounding environment. The most commonly used PVC plasticizer, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), has become a ubiquitous environmental contaminant due to leaching, and there is incentive for the development of a "green" plasticizer replacement to minimize

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44

Yu, Jianger. "Establishing the Conditions for Stable Extrusion of Melt Spun Polyacrylonitrile with Water Based Plasticizers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90287.

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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber is one of the most important synthetic fibers in the world because it is a precursor to carbon fiber. Compared to the traditional solution spinning process, the melting spinning process of PAN is less costly and can further reduce the price of PAN fiber. This dissertation is concerned with the objective of establishment of conditions (temperature, plasticizer type, and plasticizer composition) that a PAN copolymer is able to be stable melt spun with water based plasticizers. More specifically, PAN/water/acetonitrile (70/15/15) mixture is considered as reference sa

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45

Vanlian, Marie. "Assessment of anti-androgenic potential of candidate "green" dibenzoate plasticizers in mammalian MA-10 cells." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117024.

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Анотація:

Plasticizers are additives to plastics that impart flexibility and the ability to process polymers. Unfortunately, due to their leaching potential and widespread use, they have become ubiquitous contaminants in the environment. Studies have correlated the rise of many health issues to the chronic exposure to these compounds and have suggested them as potential carcinogens and endocrine-disruptors. In particular, available evidence indicates that they disturb steroid production such as testosterone production and therefore, behave as anti-androgens. The seriousness of this issue has prompted re

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46

Lindström, Annika. "Poly (butylene succinate) and poly (butylene adipate) : quantitative determination of degradation products and application as PVC plasticizers." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Fibre and Polymer Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325.

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<p>A solid phase extraction (SPE) method was developed for simultaneous extraction of dicarboxylic acids and diols formed during hydrolysis of poly(butylene succinate), PBS, and poly(butylene adipate), PBA. The developed SPE method and subsequent GC-MS analysis were used to extract, identify and quantify low molecular weight products migrating from linear and branched poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) during aging in aqueous media. The combination of SPE and GC-MS proved to be a sensitive tool, able to detect small differences in the degradation rate during early

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47

Lindström, Annika. "Poly(butylene succinate) and poly(butylene adipate) - quantative determination of degradiation products and application as PVC plasticizers /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325.

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48

Feng, Chenrun. "Physical and electrochemical investigation of various dinitrile plasticizers in highly conductive polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium ion battery application." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1495737492563488.

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49

Plichta, Veronika [Verfasser], and Dennis [Akademischer Betreuer] Nowak. "Bioavailability of plasticizers in dust and food after oral administration to model organism pig / Veronika Plichta ; Betreuer: Dennis Nowak." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153712083/34.

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50

Xu, Ying. "Emissions of Phthalate Plasticizer from Polymeric Building Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37913.

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Анотація:

Modern indoor environments contain a vast array of contaminating sources. Emissions from these sources produce contaminant concentrations that are substantially higher indoors than outside. Because we spend most of our time indoors, exposure to indoor pollutants may be orders-of-magnitude greater than that experienced outdoors. Phthalate esters have been recognized as major indoor pollutants. They are mainly used as plasticizers to enhance the flexibility of polyvinylchloride (PVC) products, as well as in humectants, emollients, and antifoaming agents. Phthalates are found in a wide range of c

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