Дисертації з теми "Politique publique – Brésil – 1990-2020"
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Trindade-Chadeau, Angélica. "La construction d'une "politique publique" de jeunese au Brésil : le cadre de l'éducation non formelle des jeunes à Récife." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030027.
Повний текст джерелаThis research analyses the process behind the development of a policy for youth in Brazil at the end of the 20th century. The political and administrative decentralization and, the privatization of the social sphere led to the appreciation of an organized civil society. Therefore, a particular public policy, adapted to the reorganization of the State came ahead. Thus, is necessary to find out how certain organizations of the civil society in Recife create and develop a non-formal education system responding to the most immediate needs of the disadvantaged youth. Which are the profiles, the partners and the activities of the training organizations? In which measure their diversified and plural intervention allows to question and reformulate the role and responsibilities of public authorities ? The mobilization around these questions is at the origin of the first attempts to define the categories of youth and its eventual founding by the State
Deluchey, Jean-François. "Sécurité publique et ordre démocratique au Brésil : l'Etat du pará." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030116.
Повний текст джерелаMartins, Carlos Benedito de Campos. "Le "Nouvel enseignement supérieur privé" au Brésil : 1964-1983 : rencontre d'une demande sociale et d'une opportunité politique." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H034.
Повний текст джерелаPereira, Guimaraes Leite Philippe George. "Les impacts des politiques d'allocations scolaires et l'inégalité des chances au Brésil." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0119.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explore the role of conditional cash transfers' aspects showing how important social policies aimed at the accumulation of human capital in Brazil helped government to improve school performance, improve enrollment rates, reduce inequality of opportunities and reduce poverty. On poverty reduction, main findings suggest that the main source of poverty reduction in Brazil during in the past years was the change of government policies in the area of macroeconomic stabilization (controlling inflation) and income redistribution (transfer programs currency such as the CTC and non-contributory pensions). Thus, we conclude from these four studies that Brazil seems to be on track to achieve good levels of growth and poverty reduction and inequality in the long term through social policies that are considering : • increase the human capital of poor children today ; • increase their chances of future entry to the labor market through human capital acquired, and thus reducing inequality of opportunity and racial discrimination ; and • reduce the intergenerational transmission of poverty
Artigas, Alvaro. "Intérêts économiques et institutionnalisation du commerce extérieur : une comparaison Russie Brésil du rôle des groupes d’intérêts industriels sidérurgiques et textiles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0004.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation analyzes the transformations of public action in terms of foreign trade in two emerging countries, Brazil and Russia, since the beginning of the transition to democracy and market economy in 1990 and until the year 2006. By doing so, the analysis gives a central place in the representation of interests, and changing preferences of industry players during the period. Two fundamental questions guide this research: the evolution of a participating policy reforms promoted by free-market regulation of world trade, the genesis and development of foreign trade policies during the period, to explain the effects related to the introduction and institutionalization of a series of new policy instruments within the scope of this policy. This dissertation presents three results: from an analytical perspective the necessity to combine an analysis determined the change (continuity vs. Break), with an analysis that allows to account for basic nuances and complexity of the reconstruction process at work; from an empirical perspective, the dissertation shows the emergence and consolidation of an autonomous public sector in action in each of these states. Finally, this dissertation stresses the importance for emerging countries of new forms of public action that reflect local rules of world trade. These transformations are characterized by a gradual de-politicization of decision-making as much as by a changing role of institutions in charge of trade policy, where the ability to steer social interaction takes precedence over other modes of regulation
Mourier, Eliott. "Les Partenariats Public-Religieux. Action sociale religieuse et reconfiguration du rapport entre État et Églises dans le Brésil du XXIe siècle." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935250.
Повний текст джерелаJakubowicz, Muriel. "Évaluation de politique publique : les retraites non-contributives dans les pays en développement." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0030.
Повний текст джерелаMinimum pensions are on the reform agenda in developing countries and this thesis assesses the impact of this kind of transfert, ex-ante and ex-post. The expected impact on elderly poverty reduction depends on the size of the household they live in : extended families make it more difficult to tackle elderly poverty. Ex-post, the Brazilian rural pension reform (1991) used a quasi natural experiment evidenced that this kind of program may have huge effects on other vulnerable groups. For instance, in Brazil, poor young woman moved to live with their pensioners-parents. The young self-employed working in agriculture benefited also from the pension, through a softening credit and liquidity constraints mechanism
De, Souza Bueno Matheus. "Essays on Economic Development, International Trade and Public Policy." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOU10008.
Повний текст джерелаEconomic development often involves balancing efficiency and equity objectives, and public policies are the main tools to strike this balance. Yet, even though many policies have been evidenced to individually affect economic development, less is known about how they can be combined to increase their benefits and decrease their distributional costs. This thesis, in most part, provides evidence on the role of policy complementarity on economic development in the context of market integration reforms. In the first chapter of this thesis, I provide causal evidence that access to transport infrastructure modulated the effects of a trade liberalization episode across local economies within Brazil. I show that, while higher tariff cuts similarly led to labor market disruption across local economies, those also benefiting from increased access to road corridors experienced stronger reallocation of resources and establishment dynamics geared towards higher productivity growth. In the second and co-authored chapter, we show that, in the same context of the first chapter, the provision of job training programs that were well-targeted at local skills demand were effective in reverting the negative impacts of trade opening on employment growth, particularly among low-skilled workers. Lastly, I deviate from market integration reforms and policy complementarity to analyze another aspect of economic development: environmental externalities. In the third and co-authored chapter, we analyze the effectiveness of a Unit Pricing System (UPS), a widely adopted form of Pigouvian fee, in reducing waste generation in Italy. Using the synthetic control method, we show that the policy was effective, with a significant decrease of the priced waste stream. This effect was driven by behavioral changes towards waste avoidance and, to a smaller extent, recycling
Tavares, de Melo Borrione Roberta. "Le verbe et la parole : politiques et mémoires au regard de l'université : une étude de cas par référence à la dictature militaire au Brésil (1964-1985/2006)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0126.
Повний текст джерелаFrom 1964 to 1985, Brazil lives a period of dictatorial military government. Internal politics aim mostly to justify governmental actions and highlight the military forces as promoters of democracy and Christian ideals against corruption and communist invasion. A complex set of politics of memory and control politics are socially disposed and included in the educational system. The university community reacts in different ways. Thirty years after the end of the dictatorship, this study analyses both the Brazilian legislation at the time (specially the one concerning graduate studies) and the oral records of fourteen professors of the University of Sao Paulo interviewed in 2006. The objectives of this study are to reconstruct aspects of the daily life of the university at the time, linking the governmental politics to the reactions and memories of the university community, as remembered 20-40 years later. A process of limitation of university autonomy and alumni representation took place. Five kinds of life pathways are here drawn : intellectual resistance, undercover political action, exile, socio-political indifference and collaboration with the military government. Once the dictatorship began to fall, certain pathways converge toward political action. University identity is built from the importance given to heroic and altruistic memories, wich engender a sense of belonging to the university struggle against the military regime
Rocha, De Castro Cardoso Maione. "Développement régional et durabilité. Le cas de la méso-région Chapada do Araripe." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030088.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this work is to analyze the making of the discourse of social participation and of democratic governance in the sphere of public policies aimed at promoting regional development, implemented by the Federal Government of North-East Brazil. We seek, too, to verify in which measure this tool of public intervention has facilitated the creation of the socalled “green jobs”, that is, those jobs related to sustainable activities ensuring economic efficiency, social justice, and ecological prudence. This study about social participation was made through interviews and surveys in a sample of participants from the “Fórum de Desenvolvimento Mesorregional", created in the context of the PROMESO in the Chapada do Araripe. In order to attain our second objective, this study used data provided by RAIS-MTE, verifying to which extent the employments created in the mezzo-region Chapada do Araripe, between 1997 and 2007, have facilitated the creation of new employments in the environmental sector, thus facilitating the birth of a new stage in the generation of a sustainable development in the Brazilian North-East. Our research shows that the change in the strategy of public intervention in the Brazilian North-East is not always accompanied by significant changes in the way that institutions act in the public policies sphere and the creation of green jobs. We conclude that, in spite of the existence of social capital in the region, the local society has not been completely mobilized in favor of the articulation of new way of public policies management in the region. And, in spite of the growing number of new jobs created during the period of our study, there is still no significant trend of using the environmental sector in the formulation of public policies for the combination of social and environmental strategies in the creation of green jobs
Rascovan, Alejandro. "MERCOSUR, integración regional y dinámicas transfronterizas : el caso del ferrocarril internacional en la frontera argentino-brasileña." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0171.
Повний текст джерелаThe general objective of this Doctoral Thesis is to analyze and interpret America Latina Logistica (ALL) international railroad, as an Actor-network, in the context of MERCOSUR'S regional integration, through a critic geopolitics perspective and with a multiscale reasoning. The railroad as an Actor-network is a complex object, ideal to contrast interest and competencies, agreements and conflicts between public and private actors as well as the civil society. We seek to question those actor's relations, the circulation of capitals, the political games and the consequent legislation that derives and sustains this mean of transportation, its network and the territorial transformations within the frontier space between the cities of Paso de los Libres and Uruguayana. The study of this railroad enables the analysis of regional and national transportation and infrastructure policy as well as transborder dynamics and local/global tension in border cities. Our research is structured into three sections: the first section addresses the rail transportation within Argentina's and Brazil's bilateral relation and MERCOSUR; the second section is about the 156 years of railway policies for the provinces of Entre Rios, Corrientes y Misiones (Argentina) and the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), considering the global capitals alternation cycles and their relation to the States, and the third section problematizes on the local/global tensions provoked by the crossing of the international railroad of the cities Paso de los Libres y Uruguayana. This border space locates, since the 19th century, in the middle of global actors and Nation-States geopolitical interests
Buitrago, Orjuela Liliana. "La parole en conflit : analyse de la parole publique sur une pratique de violence : la prise d'otage politique en Colombie (2002-2010)." Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/185411649#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of contemporary conflict in Colombia, political hostages generated a lot of debate in the public arena, at all levels, including the legitimacy of trying to reach political agreement. This thesis addresses hostages taking from the analysis of the public discourse that emerges in this paradoxical context, in the form of political controversies and testimonies. This study focuses on the Farc political hostages during Álvaro Uribe’s presidency years, when the parties involved in the conflict did not agree. This is an analysis about a constant unresolved political disagreement. Hostage taking is analysed here primarily, not as a form of violence, but as the origin of a communication space, a space of political and social strategy where speeches, supposed to help solving a problem, get juxtaposed. The victims stories also belong in this repertoire, consolidating their place in the public space: testimony medias exposure introduced into the national debate the individual experience of violence as a political argument. This staging of a violent experience includes the victim’s suffering as a political communication strategy. This journey through public speaking shows that this communication space is not only a force field in which armed actors confront their politico-military images, but also a performance space where other actors of the social world are involved
Hachimi-Alaloui, Myriam. "L'épreuve de l'exil : le cas des Algériens installés en France et au Québec." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0119.
Повний текст джерелаLemettre, Sonia. "Gouverner le fret ferroviaire en France et en Allemagne (1990-2010) : processus de diffusion d'énoncés réformateurs à l'ère du développement durable." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961252.
Повний текст джерелаDantas, Andréa Virgínia Sousa. "L’influence des acteurs internationaux sur la politique du tourisme au Brésil." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0050.
Повний текст джерелаInternational tourism is marked by the relationship of multiple actors with very dissimilar financial, technological and human resources. Also, given the high leverage power of international tourism actors, will they not influence decision-making processes in tourism destinations from the global South? Our analysis focuses on the micro-political level in the Brazilian destination of Natal. The three hypotheses of this thesis come from its central issue. The first one is that local actors themselves might largely cause the bases of conflicts. The second hypothesis is that foreign actors might have intensified the already existing conflicts between indigenous peoples from the territories occupied by tourism. The third hypothesis raises the possibility that this influence extends sometimes to the field of interference. Ethnography was chosen both as a theoretical method and as a technical procedure. A set of other methods was also applied: interviews, direct observation, consultation and analysis of written documents and the use of statistics and figures. Theoretical discussions combined with the analysis of the interviews confirm the impact of international influences on the decision-making processes concerning tourism in Natal, Brazil. This influence is, however, highly counterbalanced by the agency and the counter-influences exerted both from state and non-state actors
Nogueira, Junior Dario de Azevedo. "L'interférence des mouvements sociaux dans l'ordre du jour des médiasLe cas du Mouvement des sans-terre au Brésil entre avril 1996 et avril 1997." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020005.
Повний текст джерелаGonzález, Olga L. "La « débrouille » : migrants andins en France et accès aux droits." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0118.
Повний текст джерелаThis research analyzes Andean migrants' individual and collective behaviour in France, in their attempt to reach social integration. The field work carried out in the Parisian region shows that the Andean migrants' preferred strategy can be characterized as "individual husding". The term points to the relationship between the individual and the law and institutions. The migrants deal with their situation by placing themselves outside of the legal framework as well as largely outside of institutions. This strategy is defined by the author and compared to other similar sociological concepts; it is then used to examine the behaviour of migrants of other origins. A number of recurring strategies can be analyzed using the concept of 'home society transfer', which explains the link between the migrants' home society's social and political context and the types of behaviour they display as immigrants
Bassi, Marie. "Mobilisations collectives et recomposition de l’action publique autour de l’enjeu migratoire en Sicile (1986-2012)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0020.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis analyses the confluence of the migration phenomenon as it emerges in Sicily, the birth of a local network of “pro immigration” activists, connected to the national and European levels, and the reorganiation of public action, based on the delegation of responsibilities in the healthcare and migration sectors to local authorities and non-state actors. Based on fieldwork carried out in Sicily, this research uses conceptual tools taken from migration studies, research on collective mobilisations, public policy and the nonprofit sector. Collective mobilisations in Sicily between 1986 and 2012 are studied: the emergence, structuration and evolution of activist networks are studied, from a socio-historical perspective and an analysis of career trajectories. This activist network works within a larger logic of redeployment of state arrangements, which enables us to examine the multiple relationships that exist between the multitude of state and non-state actors involved in the governance of foreigners in Sicily
Mantovan, Giacomo. "Combattants et victimes en temps de guerre et d'exil : violence, mémoire et subjectivité dans les récits de vie de Tamouls sri lankais en France." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0108.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the memories and life stories of Sri Lankan Tamils who arrived in France aller the year 2000. It is based on an ethnographie investigation of the life accounts of thèse exiles, many of whom have fought in the secessionist organisation Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), as well as of asylum policies in France. This work seeks to shed light on the emergence and construction of specifie political subjects, in particular the "fighter" and the "victim", across différent contexts. It seeks to define the rôle played by institutions, social injunctions and socio-cultural values in relation to the fashioning of subjectivity. An attempt is made to understand the way in which the interpretation of the past and the meaning assigned to it contribute to define the exiles' identity. As violence is a recurrent element in the life stories examined, the thesis analyses the way in which narrative accounts of the past deal with social uses of violence in different contexts (LTTE, host institutions, etc. ). The thesis further highlights the tact that war is not just a moment of social disintegration, but that it entails a reconfiguration of the existing social, political and cultural order. Wilhin a historical context that was rapidly changing (war and exile), new collective and individual identifies emerged. Finally, the work emphasises the fact that telling our own story reveals our place in the world : it means negotiating our relation with others and the society in wich we live. It is possible, therefore, to examine the way in wich the exiles face their suffering and rebuild their lives
Ndiaye, Malick. "L'exemplarité comme management public : le Plan administration exemplaire." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1277.
Повний текст джерелаAnchored in a constructivist attitude, a theoretical foundation of public management and public organizations, this exploratory thesis in management sciences mobilizes the fields of bureaucracy and post-bureaucracy in order to decipher French public policy of exemplarity in sustainable development and to analyze its effects on public organization and public management. The desire to observe exemplary rhetoric and to understand what it can mean for a public organization leads us to question its content: "What is exemplarity for a public organization - networked": Is it a Weber bureaucracy? Is this new public management? Is it an organizational transformation that tends towards an emerging public organization? We will see that, in reality, exemplarity leads to public organizations that do not always fit into a particular paradigm. They exist in the form of "hybrid" systems whose characteristics of the different bureaucratic, post-bureaucratic paradigms overlap and describe a mix between organizational knowledge and fragmented governance that is neither that of Weberian centralization, nor that offocusing on "managerial voluntarism", at the centre of the logic of the post-bureaucratic organizational model" (De Rozario, Pesqueux, 2018)
Maillet, Antoine. "La construcción política de los mercados : variedades de neoliberalismo en el Chile post-dictadura (1990-2010)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0049/document.
Повний текст джерелаDo markets operate independently of political power? This comparative study of policies in six markets created during the 1980s in Chile analyzes the fundamental part that public policies play in the construction of markets. To account for the diversity of these operations, I develop an original conceptual framework, defining four "varieties of neoliberalism." Building on a study of the history of this concept and its contemporary use, I distinguish orthodox, regulated, emulator and mixed neoliberalisms. Each neoliberalism is based on a different form of State answer to address market failures. In orthodox neoliberalism, public agencies restrict their intervention. In regulated neoliberalism, public agencies get involved in promoting competition and establish requirements on the product itself. In emulating neoliberalism, public agencies organize competition not in the market, but for the market. Finally, in mixed neoliberalism, one or more public companies compete with private players. Each variety is characterized by specific public policies, especially in terms of instruments. I apply this theoretical framework of varieties of neoliberalism to classify and analyze six sectoral policies: health insurance, pensions, universities, electricity production, telephone industry and public transport in Santiago. The six sectoral trajectories established highlight the existence of a Chilean neoliberal path
Ott, Thomas. "Les ingouvernables : la faillite du gouvernement des roms en bidonvilles : Lyon, 2005-2012." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20008.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with slums management local policies in Lyon between 2005 and 2012. I tried to interrogate what is leading to think roma’s slums situation as a specific and unmanageable situation. This specificity lead constantly to question roma people rather than the management’s policies of the situation. It produce roma people as not governed people or, as i said, « the ungovernables ». The problem is not obvioulsy roma’s problem, but a problem concerning the operation of social life and our own relation with these situations. Speaking about « occupation » when a settlement is occuring in the city’s cracks, I asked what is « occupying » us so much when roma occupy a plot of our city. I wanted to show with wich repetition and insistance we are binding on this strange and foreign presence. I tried to show how much it is necessary for the observers and actors of the situation to indentify, to distinguish and to establish what is going on and what is going over the expectations of conformation, wich are defining the contemporary governmentality. That is what i tried to document it as moments of « governmentality’s failure of roma’s slums».The purpose of this work is what it is « ungovernable » in any kind of situation. What resists to the governement of squats and slums situations is not a population in particular, but the impossibility to consider one with assertivness and effectivness. The problem is not to know how roma people are doing to be unidentified at this point but what is leading to be necessary for the governement of the situation to establish what it is needed to intervene on. In other words, the question is the relation between the practice of governement and the production’s process of subjectivity, as well as objectivity : in wich way the practice of power produce an acting subject and how necessarily transparent and appropriate-to-recognition subjects and objects, when they disappear of the field of « visibility » to get « off the limelight » the field of the « indinstinguishables », are calling the practice of governement in question ?One of the central notions in this work is the notion of resistance : first of all, what resists is the possibility of objectivize these situations, wich is appearing in the tricky perception of the space or the body’s conditions in slums, or the difficulty of population census and precarious housing mapping in the whole city, in all cases the possibility to generalize and to understand globaly what happens ; then, what resists is situated in the management of a « crisis situation » as a slum, it is the « crisis » itself wich is instituion’s one who is imperfectly able to govern things, and in the same time the crisis of its ambition to state and order body’s and time’s of whom overflows the established framework ; finally, what resists lean on apparatus more than is opposed to, with some ways of operating recovering or keeping a « room for maneuver », situated in the edge of the domestic subjectivity where the contemporary governmentality try, with more or less succes, to invest
Dannon, William. "Politiques publiques ; esquisse d’une analyse des mécanismes des choix publics face à la globalisation : enjeux politiques et sociaux des relations entre l’État et le groupe ArcelorMittal dans le bassin sidérurgique lorrain de 2012 à 2017." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0234.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the closure of the last two blast furnaces of Lorraine by ArcelorMittal company. For that purpose, it examines the workers' struggle of Florange and endeavors to understand the inability of the candidate François Hollande, who became President of France on may 6th 2012, to keep the election promise he made to the steel workers of ArcelorMittal during the campaign for the presidential election of 2012. Within this framawork, we develop an epistemological model that combines the cognitive analysis approach of public policies with an neo-institutionalism perspective. The interest of a such method is to try to overcome the opposition inherent to these two approaches by proposing an articulation between policies and politics. It’s therefore a question of understanding how the actors involved in this conflict analyze, interpret and give meaning to their action, without neglecting the importance of political and institutional factors that structured the decision-making process. The first result of this thesis reveals that the emergence of the social problem is consubstantial with the formation of the social actors collective’s identity. The second result is that the public choices made by the government in this affair, reflect the specific conception of French President François Hollande and his Prime Minister Jean-Marc Ayrault regarding the role of the State on the public policies scenes. More fundamentally, the public choices made by the government fit very clearly into the neo-liberal policy defended by the European Union, and routinized for decades as practice and ‘’way of doing things’’ in all its committees. Consequently, the policies of the Members State at national level, are affected by the constraints of « path dependence » of the European Union
Miranda, perez Fabiola. "Action publique et justice dans le Chili post-dictatorial : Le traitement étatique des violences envers les femmes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH042.
Повний текст джерелаSince Chile has been back to the democratic regime in 1990, we observe a repositioning of both social policies and policies that seek to correct the violations to the Human Rights committed during the authoritarian regime (1973-1990). Indeed, the objective is to set some instruments up in order to validate the new democracy through the 90s. Thus, in this context of recognition of the social Rights, the women movement(s) succeeds at integrating in the public agenda their request for the creation of a law that would enable the protection of women victims of intimate violence from their partner: the 1994 intra-family violence Law. Under a logical of social protection and public policies focusing, this country develops several devices that shyly emerge between 1994 and 2004. Nevertheless, in 2005 a reform of the penal and family system as long as the law about intra-family violence, allow the implementation of a public policy of care taking for the violence committed against women, that put to work several institutions and actors from both public and private sectors. Despite those lasts initiatives, the assistancial type logics proper to a neoliberal State establish themselves in the field of action, as a way to answer inequalities. Therefore, the situations of abuse suffered by women will be measured depending on the risk they represent for themselves and for their families, or for their exposure to vulnerability situations.Starting from the works about government Sciences (Ihl, Kaluszynski, Pollet, 2003), the sociology of public action (Hassenteuffel, 2011 ; Lascoumes et le Galès, 2004 ; 2012), the sociology of Right and Justice (Commaille et al, 2000), and the studies of gender and public policies (Dauphin, 2010 ; Bereni et al, 2012), this PhD piece of work seeks to question the ways the public policy of violence against women care taking has been set up and legitimated within the State, specially within the social protection organism as the National Women Service (SERNAM), and the justice institutions (Family Matters Courts, Public Ministry, Criminal Courts, among others). Thanks to a mixed methodology for data collection, composed by semi-directive interviews (67) made to relevant actors of the implementation of the public policy but also ethnographical observations within the Family Matters court, the study is interested in the relation that the State establishes with the recipients of the public action, with the objective of understanding how the subjectivity of the workers have an impact on the way violence is dealt with, establishing themselves as a government device for those cases. It also reports the models of social intervention and the social field management in Chile
Al, Dabaghy Camille. "La fabrique transnationale d'une échelle de gouvernement : la commune à Madagascar et à Diégo-Suarez sous la Troisième République (1993-2010)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0183.
Повний текст джерелаDecentralization reforms, water management, household waste management, roads, markets, civil status, etc.: under the Third Republic, development aid focused on most of the policies or services that count in the process of rebuilding the municipal institution, introduced by the colonial administration at the end of the 19th century but abolished between 1973 and 1993. The survey focuses on this increasing and combined transnationalisation of decentralisation policy and municipal public action in the 1990s and 2000s. On the basis of archival and ethnographic materials, it re-establishes this process in the average time of the colonial government, examines its recent modalities and questions its effects on the dual level of the figure of the communal institution and the political capacity of the communes, as they appear in the centre, for all the communes, and in Diego Suarez, for a particular urban commune. The thesis first describes the work of aid production and public action at the increasingly numerous and fragmented interfaces between aid organisations and domestic administrations. It shows that aid has become part of the internal division of administrative and political work of government, that the struggles between Malagasy aid and public actors and the domestic struggles between Malagasy political and administrative actors for the control of public action have been established, that these struggles are regulated by a shared grammar of sovereign decision-making under the aid regime. The survey also shows that the repeated and multiplied play of aid has resulted in the pre-eminence gradually acquired in the reconstruction of the municipality, at both national and local level, by Malagasy political and administrative elites who cumulate, diachronically or symbolically, positions in aid and positions in public administrations. They are elites who embody, legitimize and defend the transnationalization of public action. Finally, it shows that the municipal councils of a city like Diego Suarez have been well engaged in strategies to build their capacity to act on aid dependency. But that, if the aid interventions have affected the figure of the communal institution, the very functioning of the municipal organization, it is without significantly increasing its political capacity. Nothing is truly institutionalized about the access of municipal actors to the resources that would allow them to decide and act accordingly
Souiah, Farida. "Les harraga en Algérie : émigration et contestation." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0049.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation examines the political implications of harga in Algeria. Literally translated, harga means “burn”. In the Maghreb dialects, the term has come to describe a specific form of migration. Harragas (literally “those who burn”) are those who try to leave their home country without a passport or visa, on small boats, risking their lives. This dissertation uses Albert Hirschman’s model of “Exit, Voice and Loyalty” in order to stimulate reflection and explore the link between exit (emigration) and voice (protest). Drawing from a wide variety of sources – semi-structured interviews with harraga and their family members, observations of trials, newspaper articles, cultural products (movies, novels, paintings, etc.), political speeches, legal texts and policy papers – this dissertation documents the causes of migration and the emigration patterns from Algeria of harraga. It also studies the publicization and politicization process of harga in Algeria. Last, it analyzes the policies implemented by the Algerian government to limit harga. Harragas are trapped in the margins of a corrupt and unequal socio-economic system that offers no prospects of improvement. They cannot leave the country legally because of the restrictive policies implemented by the destination states. Therefore, they try to leave Algeria on small boats, risking their lives. Harragas do not leave in silence. Many newspaper articles and cultural products talk about harragas, who are referred to as undeniable proof that there is something wrong in Algeria. The Algerian authorities are deemed responsible for the departure of these young Algerians and are criticized for the repressive policies implemented as a response to harga. Domestic and international factors influence Algerian migration policy. Domestically, the policy is a response to the criticism that harga provoke. Internationally, the toughening migration laws and increasing penalties in Algeria
El, Qadim Nora. "Négocier l'asymétrie : les politiques extérieures européennes au regard des relations entre acteurs marocains et européens du gouvernement des migrations." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0054.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation examines Morocco-EU negotiations on migrations since 1999, and specifically since 2003, when both partners started negotiating a readmission agreement. The purpose of such an agreement is to make it easier to deport undocumented migrants. Using a postcolonial approach, this work questions existing analyses of the EU’s external policy and their Eurocentric tendencies. The objective is to pluralize the subjects of international negotiations. The first step towards this objective is to study the historical and institutional complexity of Moroccan as well as European actors. A second important step is to offer a sociological analysis of resistance practices of Moroccan actors to pressures from the EU and European countries. I demonstrate in this work that negotiations, far from being limited to the realm of high politics, are part of the day-to-day practices of administrative actors who are engaged in national and international competition. It through the analysis of everyday contestations that one can understand the agency of Moroccan actors and the ways in which they constantly question the asymmetry of their relationships with European countries
Ulriksen, Moretti Constanza. "L’action publique en faveur des quartiers défavorisés au Chili (2006-2010) : généalogie et développement des nouvelles approches territoriale et participative." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20123/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the Chilean governments priorities between 1990 and 2005 was the reduction of the housing deficit. Progress has been significant quantitatively, but not qualitatively. In this context, the first Bachelet administration has implemented New housing policy of quality improvement and social integration, which includes the first rehabilitation program for distressed neighborhoods, Quiero mi Barrio (PQMB). A first research stage reconstructs the genealogy and formulation of the PQMB, and a second examines its development, in particular through a case study of two neighborhoods. The results show that a social integration within the territories took precedence over an urban social integration of the neighborhoods in relation to the rest of the city. PQMB appears as a participatory program to improve public spaces, which contains a dialectical process coming from the decisions and practices of all actors involved. However, PQMB has achieved a paradigm shift from quantity to quality in terms of Chilean housing policies, as well as the introduction of citizen participation as an indispensable process. Rather than a comprehensive territorial approach, a territorialization of public spending is observed, which is nonetheless never sufficient to tackle the complexity of the problem. We thus identify three imperatives for the Chilean rehabilitation of disadvantaged neighborhoods: the development of a collaborative institutional support system, rich and varied; a real interdisciplinary work; and a permanent exchange between researchers and practitioners
Una de las prioridades de los gobiernos chilenos entre 1990 y 2005 fue la reducción del déficit habitacional. Los progresos han sido significativos en el plano cuantitativo, pero no así en el cualitativo. En este contexto, la primera administración de Bachelet implementó la Nueva Política Habitacional de Mejoramiento de la Calidad y la Integración Social, que incluye el primer programa de recuperación de barrios vulnerables, Quiero mi Barrio (PQMB). Una primera etapa de investigación reconstruye la genealogía y formulación del PQMB, y una segunda examina su desarrollo, particularmente a partir de un estudio de caso de dos barrios. Los resultados indican que una integración social al interior de los territorios primó por sobre una integración social urbana de los barrios respecto al resto de la ciudad. El PQMB aparece como un programa participativo de mejoramiento de espacios públicos, resultado que encierra un proceso dialéctico derivado de las decisiones y prácticas de todos los actores implicados. No obstante, el PQMB logró cambiar el referencial de las políticas habitacionales, de la satisfacción de la cantidad a la consideración de estándares de calidad, así como también introducir la participación como un proceso indispensable. En lugar de un enfoque territorial integral, se observa una territorialización del gasto público que nunca es suficiente para satisfacer la complejidad del problema. La tesis identifica tres imperativos para la recuperación de barrios vulnerables en Chile: el desarrollo de un sistema de apoyo institucional y de colaboración, rico y variado, un auténtico trabajo interdisciplinario, y una práctica de intercambio permanente entre investigadores y profesionales ejecutores
David, Delphine. "'White', indigenous and Australian : constructions of mixed identities in today's Australia." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC179/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the 1990s, Australia set up a ten-year policy of reconciliation aiming at developing a better relationship between Indigenous people and the wider Australian community. This policy was based on the recognition of the enduring dichotomy between both communities despite an increasing acknowledgement of the place of Indigenous people in Australia since the 1970s. The complex relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians – and especially ‘white’ Anglo-Celtic Australians – is the result of the process of colonisation, of the subsequent policies designed to control Indigenous people, and of the historical domination of ‘white’ Australia over Indigenous people. As a result of discriminatory policies, many Indigenous families decided to hide their heritage and ‘passed’ into ‘white’ society. Many mixed-race and fair-skinned children were taken from their families and lost their connection with their Indigenous relatives. Today, an increasing number of Australians choose to identify as Indigenous and to reclaim a heritage they were deprived of. But although having Indigenous heritage is no longer regarded as shameful, the road back to Indigeneity can be a difficult one. This study is the analysis of the identity journeys of eleven Australians who were raised in a ‘white’, Anglo-Celtic Australian culture and who have Indigenous heritage. Their perceptions of Indigeneity are analysed to reveal the dominance of ‘white’ discourses about Indigeneity in today’s Australia, but also the presence of restricting essentialist discourses now used by the Indigenous community to keep control over the definition of Indigenous identity. The analysis of the oppositional relationship between Indigenous and ‘white’ Australians in contemporary Australia reveals the difficulty of embracing both ‘white’ and ‘black’ heritages and of claiming multiple identities
Brillant, Gaëlle. "Les réformes du système bancaire chinois : vers un nouveau "modèle de capitalisme" ?" Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Chinese culture and methods are still unknown for the non-Asian world. Besides, the Chinese banking system is a merge of culture and ancient traditions and modern methods and concepts imported from abroad. This particular mix is difficult to characterize. The objective of this thesis is to ascertain if the current Chinese banking system, heart of the country's financial system, can be considered as the core of a model of capitalism as defined by the Regulation Theory - today or tomorrow- through an analysis of its history, structure and evolution up to the implementation of Basel III and Wenzhou’s reforms. Many experts agree that the banking system requires deep reforms, including the withdrawal of state control and a greater openness. However, this type of reform would transform deeply the institutional relationships. If the government allows a much more powerful market institution then the core of the current banking system would be changed beyond recognition. Recent Chinese reforms show a real political will to liberalize the Chinese financial sector, but they also highlight the obstacles faced by actors of the system. Besides, the implementation methods don’t suggest characteristics of a model or culture but a strong willingness of the state to remain the dominant institution
Dessales, Thomas. "Le règlement amiable des accidents médicaux depuis 2002 : un système en recherche de nouveaux équilibres." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/DDOC_T_2021_0353_DESSALES.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe law of March 4th, 2002 relative to the rights of the sick and to the quality of the health system said law Kouchner has in a new way in France set up a state system of amicable settlement and compensation of the victims of medical accidents. In maintaining 15 years of existence it is interesting to make a current situation on these procedures to observe if the fixed objectives were filled. It will also be a question of comparing this system in term of access, procedure and efficiency with what exists at our European partner's
Rodriguez, Blanco Maricel. "Du barrage au guichet. Naissance et transformation des mouvements de chômeurs en Argentine (1990 – 2015)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH117.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis discusses the Piquetero movement in Argentina and its successive transformations during the 2000s into an extensive network of service provider organizations throughout the territory from a sociohistorical and ethnographic perspective. This movement was born out of the collective actions of the unemployed and precarious workers in the late 1990s against the effects of "neoliberal" reforms, and takes its name from one of their preferred modes of protest, the roadblock or picket. Since its beginnings, the Piquetero movement has been the subject of a double treatment by the State, between repression and recovery in the context of the establishment of Conditional Cash Transfer Programs. In this new configuration of targeted public action, it is now up to the State to delegate the distribution of social assistance to a network of organizations, given their territorial proximity to the underprivileged populations. However, this thesis shows that this fuzzy wicket role, which tends to introduce in one way or another the competition amid the organizations, has thus quickly contributed to fragment the piquetero space, and produces ambivalent effects on the practices and the trajectories of the participants. The thesis is based on mixed methods, qualitative and quantitative, from a large 40-month field survey conducted between 2000 and 2015 in two Argentinian provinces. On the one hand, through an ethnography and in-depth biographical interviews with leaders, delegates and grassroots activists (N=104), we observed the interactions between these different categories. A prosopography of the leaders (N=76) allowed us, on the other hand, from the statistical methods of factor analysis (ACM) and hierarchical classification (CAH), to report on the structuring of this space of organizations. In the first part, the thesis focuses – with the support of archives and interviews – on the conditions of the gradual crystallization of a social movement into a space of organizations. We sought here to understand the context, the stakes and the means of action of this protest movement, relating its inscription to the evolution since the beginning of the XXth century of the relations between State, political parties and unions. The second part of our thesis is devoted to the analysis of activist practices and forms of supervision within organizations. The opening of the black box of the organizations thus reveals to what extent their internal functioning results from the capacity of a set of intermediaries to carry out a work of representation, mobilization and management of resources among working classes particularly willing to engage in the long term. The statistical examination of the trajectories of leaders also informed us about the resources that were necessary to occupy such a position and also about the effects of their engagement to their individual trajectories. Finally, a third part serves to apprehend associative practices within organizations. Restoring the recruiting logics and the profiles of the recruits has shown in the long term both the conditions of the commitment of these unemployed and precarious workers and the effects on their trajectories. The observation of practices, especially during assemblies, shows the principles of supervision stretched between activism and entrepreneurship which weighed on the participants. If this fraction of precarious people testifies within the working classes of forms of mobilization and resistance particularly exemplary, they also tend to deploy modes of accommodation to organizations, differentiated according to their socialization, and the volume and nature of their resources
Domínguez, Valverde Cécilia. "Les dispositifs de lutte contre le terrorisme international insérés dans les politiques migratoires et d'asile aux Etats-Unis et en Espagne : une analyse de cohérence et de performance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010262/document.
Повний текст джерелаAdvances in information and transportation technology support transnational terrorist action and require a state response which takes into account the transnational terrorist movement. This response resulted in, for the United States and Spain, immigration and asylum measures that are part of counter‐terrorism strategies. American migratory and asylum measures to combat terrorism are consistent with American migratory tradition and foreign policy, while Spanish measures are consistent with international law, though in conformity with European law. The international doctrine has also justified the adoption of these measures on the basis of social contract and sovereign exceptionalism theories. However, the adoption of migratory and asylum measures to combat terrorism is part of a process of criminalization of migratory law also known as crimmigration. The migratory and asylum measures undertaken to combat terrorism have not been effective in eradicating terrorism, despite their continuous presence during migration control and treatment of asylum‐seekers, though they are valuable instruments for action against illegal migration and preserving cultural "stability". In fact, they are part of a surveillance system of alien people. The construction of this system implies the creation of an "Enemy" migratory and asylum law that considers the alien as a risk to security and consequently gives the alien an exceptional treatment which results in the loss of its legal personality. This "Enemy" migratory and asylum law enables the State to symbolically achieve its goals and obtain a new source of legitimacy
El, fekih said Wafa. "The evolution of the political discourse over immigration and integration in post-devolution Scotland." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/8839/.
Повний текст джерелаThe project is centred on the idea that post-devolution Scotland is developing its own political and policy trajectory in the context of the nation-building project. Taking into consideration the multi-level system of governance created by the devolution process, the political discourse over immigration and integration has evolved and created an opportunity for the political elite in Scotland to shape their own integration model according to a civic form of Scottish identity. This consensus can also be related to the demographic specificity of Scotland making of immigrants an important asset to the country.Through a mixed-method approach relying mainly on the discourse analysis of political discourse this research project attempts to cater the multi-level dimension of party politics in Scotland, and in particular how the narrative advanced by the political elite on immigration and integration especially has resulted in diverging policy orientations that further reinforce the cleavage between Scottish and British parties. The multicultural orientation of Scotland’s integration strategies is reinforced thanks to the promotion of civic form of national identity that is inclusive of minorities, as well as the celebration of Scotland’s diverse heritage
Compaore, Jérôme. "La maîtrise et la gestion de l'eau dans un contexte de décentralisation au Burkina Faso depuis 2006 : état des lieux et perspectives dans une dynamique de développement et de communication." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020083/document.
Повний текст джерелаWater is source of life. Longtime ago, water has always been a central and constant concern for people. The issue of water is among the top world hot topics today, following the evidence that the world is experiencing climate change…In Burkina Faso, similarly to Mali and Niger, the constitutions stipulate, "wealth and natural resources belong to people, for their livelihood improvement”. In these countries, the historical context of the Nation-state’s creation was strongly marked by volunteered public actions, under the leadership of the States, strengthened by technical and financial supports from partners to ensure the efficient uses of water resources….The key element of the decentralization is the transfer of powers to local authorities. In all three countries we visited, the principle of progress-based subsidiarity is prevailing. In Burkina Faso, according to the mayor of Gaoua "the transfer should not be done just for fun. The current impression is the denial to transfer everything but I see this as a cautious attitude of the central government. The caution as observed is a good thing, but not a sufficient reason for not transferring all the powers to local authorities"…
Zibanejad-Belin, Mitra. "Réussir sa première année à l'université : les enjeux de la transition entre secondaire et supérieur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0204.
Повний текст джерелаThere are many reasons for the high dropout rate in the first academic year. The phenomenon of freshman "evaporating" is studied in many countries as a crucial moment in the transition from secondary to higher education. It is not always easy for a high school student to become master of his destiny in a very short time after secondary and just before starting his studies at university. Student must quickly assume new “adult responsibilities "and lives without parental or teacher supervision. Study at university requires the learner to put into action a certain number of skills most of which are not mastered at the end of high school. These are not only cognitive-informational skills. Our point of interest is turned towards the macrosociological and microsociological elements in the relationship that these students established with the act of learning. We were looking for knowing: Why do students decide to drop up or to persevere and continue their studies despite the difficulties? What is the role of the study environment in this transition? How the conception of learning and the image of university could have an impact on this transition?To answer we used a qualitative approach based on comprehensive interviews. We interviewed the freshmen in six field of study at four universities in the Paris region. We were looking for students who had problems. They told us about their difficulties in this year of higher education and the reasons for their dissatisfaction.Through their point of view, their conceptions of learning, their perspective and their image of higher education, we have been able to highlight some of the causes that can explain dropping out or staying in the first academic year. Four types of difficulties are distinguished: cognitive, metacognitive, integration and motivational. A more advanced analysis of our data revealed that these difficulties do not have the same impact on the student's transition.Some elements have also appeared through the analyses, such as the importance of the microsocialisation within small groups of students, especially between the friends. We have found that micro-integrations can make up the absence of macro-integrations and sometimes they’re even more important. Our analyses have shown that some factors of social integration can modify the influence of the predictive factors of drop out.We also apprehended certain factors capable of reinforcing or impoverish the student's sense of learning and his/her perseverance
Nollet, Jérémie. "Des décisions publiques « médiatiques » ? : sociologie de l’emprise du journalisme sur les politiques de sécurité sanitaire des aliments." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20013/document.
Повний текст джерелаAre public policies made by the media? This would-be influence of journalists over public decisions is common place among “decision-makers”. It is also assumed by Agenda-setting as well as social problems theorists. Yet, the real nature of the phenomenon is more complex: it follows different paths along several directions. It rests on the active and variable engagement of the politicians and high civil servants who produce decisions. Thus, the question needs to be rephrased: to what extent does the production of public decisions depend on the journalistic field? In order to elucidate this question, this doctoral thesis offers a sociological analysis of the specific logics which lead decision-makers (i.e. ministers’ personal staff, and representatives aswell as high civil servants,) to pay attention to media coverage in decision-making processes. The elaboration of this theoretical framework, at the crossroads of the sociologies of journalism and public action, is based on ananalysis of the handling of the mad cow disease by French officials during the 1990s. The ambition is to account for the very attention the holders of the executive power (namely, the Ministers of Agriculture, Consumption,Health, but also the Prime Minister and the President), the members of Parliament and high civil servants paid to media-related challenges within the practice of decision-making. Thus, it appears that the most “media dependent”decisions are the result of the handling of the most symbolic issues according to the logics of action of the most dependent agents on legitimization stakes in the journalistic field: the principal ministers and their advisers
Fine, Shoshana. "Bordering subjects, souls and states : an enquiry into "bordercratic" practices and rationalities in Turkey." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0004.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis seeks to explore how bordering is performed in Turkey with respect to the governance of the ‘undesirables’, by whom, for whom, and with what effects. This enquiry argues that Turkey’s migration and refugee landscape has been problematised through its particular positionality as neither completely European nor completely non-European. This ambivalent positionality is partly due to the permeation of orientalist ways of seeing Turkey and the migrants and refugees who inhabit this landscape, and partly an effect of the courtship/compliance externalisation strategy of the EU. In taking the Turkey case, I argue that mobility governance has to be understood as a matter of diffuse power that is particularly vested in IGOs, but also in organisations that might be called peripheral bordercrats. I advance the notion of bordercracies, transnational bordercratic tribes and bordered objects to make sense of the workings, epistemic authority, connectivities and the agentic forces of this diffused power. I argue that bordercratic tribes rely on intermingling managerial, security, humanitarian and orientalist rationalities of mobility governance, which generate a filtering logic based on selections of desirable/undesirable. I conclude that the performative functions of transnational bordercratic tribes include as they bring Turkey into an in-group and exclude as they constitute and contain ‘undesirables’ away from the West
Runceanu, Camelia. "Les intellectuels et la recomposition de l'espace public roumain après 1989. Le cas du Groupe pour le Dialogue Social." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH211/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this research is to account for some of the dominant features of the Romanian intellectual space in connection with the regime change that followed the collapse of state socialism. Transition to pluralism and representative democracy effected in different on the spheres of intellectual life, which echoed the transfiguration of the social order from a centralized and planned economy to new economic relations governed by the market. This research is focused on a group of intellectuals set up during the last days of December 1989 at the time of the political transformations triggered by the fall of the communist regime in Romania, and which avowed goal was to make sense of this dramatic change.The Group for Social Dialogue (GDS) has been the first such association to be established and remains the most influential and stable group of its kind. The group typically includes authors that acquired public recognition under the communist regime as well as young scientists that completed their academic and intellectual training in the last decade of state socialism. One of the reasons for their success was the cultural authority capitalized by the group’s weekly publication, 22, widely regarded as the most prominent intellectual outlets of post-communism. The regular contributors to the journal were instrumental in redefining a public space marked after 1989 by an increased interest for the political issues and politics. The distinctiveness and the sustainability of this venture were the cumulative result of the personal prestige abs cultural authority enjoyed by most of the members of the group either as well published and widely read authors of the communist period, or as former dissidents. This prestige and authority was gradually on other members, whose public career started after 1990. These types of notoriety, joined together, took many different forms of engagement, collective and individual, consecutive and simultaneous: texts published in the journal of the Group, public statements during various meetings with politicians, open letters, expertise provided to civic organizations or political structures, papers published in the specialised press, political essays and studies, participation in civic associations, political party enrolment. The personal notoriety gained by a considerable number of intellectuals of the GDS, the resilience of the Group, the circulation of its journal 22, sequential investments in politics, of the Group itself but also individually, conferred a significant amount of clout to its (re)presentations of politics at a time when the political realm was structured around the rejection of communism (the post-communist “anti-communism”), as opposed to the electoral and social influence exercised by former “communists”, especially by those members of the nomenklatura who succeeded to set the tone of post-communist politics. The Group included representatives of literary professions who achieved the recognition and have even become famous before 1989, but the GDS does not hesitate to integrate also journalists and lawyers who did not reach recognition as authors, artists or scientists. The research was by and large devoted to isolate and examine intellectual practices, especially discursive practices, in the analysis of scientific and journalistic texts, looking at ways and means deployed by intellectuals in order to occupy the public space. In a socio-historical approach and in a vision inspired nu the sociology of relations, this research was concerned with various forms taken by the politicisation within specific fields – militancy, entrance into politics, political mobilisation and demobilisation of the intellectuals –, and intellectual professions at the dawn of the democratic regime
Fraisse, Laurent. "Un parcours de recherche au coeur de la construction de l’économie sociale et solidaire : innovation, institutionnalisation et comparaison." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1265.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD in sociology through looks back onto a twenty-year professional research career. The first part describes my research journey, from three different angles : biographical, methodological, bibliographical. The second part of the thesis gives an overview of my research work (articles, chapters, studies) put into perspective with regard to the state of current knowledge. The first topic concerns the socio-political dimension of solidarity economy through an in-depth discussion of several concepts (local initiatives, local public spheres, the network organization of non-profit sector, conceptions of social change). In addition, social and solidarity economy as a specific object within public policies is studied at local and European levels. The second topic explores the transformations of the role of non-profit organizations in society. The current changes of contractualization and financing methods between associations and governments (public procurement and subsidies) have been the subject of qualitative and quantitative studies. The conceptual ambivalences of the notions of social utility and social innovation are highlighted. Historically claimed by non-profit representatives to emphasize the specificities of their economic activities, social utility has gradually become a criterion for extending the scope of social and solidarity economy in France. The last topic concerns early-years childcare and elderly care policies. The transition from home care for dependent elderly person to personal services is analyzed as a tangle of regulations that makes it problematic to build a quasi-market and questions the place and strategies of non-profit organizations as historical actors in the sector. The comparison, on a European scale, of local childcare systems provides additional insight into the typologies of care systems elaborated at a national level
Bros, Aurélie. "Good bye Ukraine ! : How does Gazprom aim to ensure the security of demand in a context where Europe is reshaping its energy architecture ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010582.
Повний текст джерелаThe history of Gazprom is a series of constant adaptations – with varying degrees of success – to both European market conditions and the format of dialogue with all parties involved in the gas business across the continent. The company thrived during the 1990s and the 2000s in an environment where the main characteristics of the former model were retained. At the same time, Gazprom constantly seized any new opportunity which was offered by the liberalization and opening up of national gas markets. This has not prevented the company from encountering a few difficulties, illustrating that adaptation can be difficult from time to time. Gazprom is facing structural challenges that have been of particular concern over the last few years. The major difficulty is that this occurs at a time when the wider EU-Russia energy dialogue is highly fraught due to severe tensions which are more broadly affecting the dialogue between the European Union and the Russian Federation
Bigday, Maria. "L'engagement intellectuel sous régime autoritaire : les " think tankers " biélorusses entre expertise et dissidence." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG038.
Повний текст джерелаStudying the evolution of the space of non-state social science research in Belarus, this thesis re-examines the border between science and politics, and raises the question of political role of intellectuals in post-soviet societies. In 1992, inspired by the think tank model, the Belarusian intellectual entrepreneurs set up the first national private research institutes. The new professional mode of intellectual production was presented as a tool for “de-sovietisation” of science and “democratisation” of politics. The 1995-1996 authoritarian transformation marginalised the non-state research in the field of power. In 2006, most private research institutes lose legal status and operate informally. Nonetheless, the new generation of think tankers reproduce the professional and protest character of the non-state research. In the new relations system that connects them with agents of the political field, the think tankers continue to claim the roles of “independent experts” and “public intellectuals”
Berthaud, Julien. "L’intégration sociale étudiante : relations et effets au sein des parcours de réussite en Licence." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH021/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince 1970’s and 1980’s, educational research reveals the importance of interactional process in the explanation of student careers, especially with Tinto’s work (1975), by demonstrating the significant influence of social integration on student persistence in university. However, the effects on students’ academic success are rarely explored. Moreover, there is no consensus on the conceptualization of this explanatory factor since it shows different dimensions of social integration. From data collected from 1365 students enrolled in 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade of common “Licence”, this research proposes firstly to improve measurement of student social integration as a multidimensional concept. Then the sources and conditions of social integration are examined through the influence of contextual, institutional and individual factors. In this context, the transversal skills are considered as an illustration of student social abilities, among others. Statistical analyses show that students have different needs for social integration, depending on their age, gender and reasons for study. First, the academic context defines the opportunities offered to students for social integration. Moreover, it appears that some skills related to emotional management and collaboration turn into resources that promote social integration. Results lead to identify four different profiles of student social integration in “Licence” course. Lastly, questions arise about the role of social integration and transversal skills in student careers and factors of student achievement. Our results reveal that student social integration has a raw and positive effect on the probability of success and performances, through academic interactions and feeling of integrating. When the classical factors of student achievement are taking into account, the influence of social integration appears to be weak or lost. Only the feeling of integrating reduces the risk of student drop-outs. On the other hand, the transversal skills including the taste for work and the self-confidence prove to be powerful predictors of students' success and performances. While student social integration doesn’t seem to be a key factor with mediating effects on academic achievement, it appears to be another feature of student success profiles. Moreover, student social integration produces indirect effect on performances through academic commitment
Abi, Zeid Antoine. "Les mutations géographiques et technologiques de l’industrie automobile : une analyse par l’approche gravitationnelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA059.
Повний текст джерелаEmerging countries (EC) endowed with dynamic markets became the main automotive production area. Developed countries are still the main exporters. In this thesis, we measure the theoretical value of exports of EC based on the parameters (GDP, trade costs) of an augmented gravity model. The car exports of the majority of EC risk stagnation because of weak knowledge economy & high trade costs in these countries. Iran has an opportunity to increase its automotive exports under the condition of improving its domestic products and/or building export-platforms for global automakers. The exports of Turkey & Mexico risk stagnation unless Mexico increases its exports to Europe & Asia, and Turkey increases the added-value of its industry. Electric vehicles and lithium-ion batteries are the future of the automotive industry. China & the USA are expected to be the main exporters in the field of li-ion batteries. The growth of American batteries exports is highly probable notably to countries with advanced ICT infrastructure
Lymperopoulou, Ira. "La réforme du secteur de l'énergie en Grèce dans le contexte de la crise de la dette." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D019.
Повний текст джерелаA new market design is taking place during the economic crisis for the Greek energy market. Greece, in order to able to receive loans of money, signed memorandums of understanding with the Troika, which included major reforms in the energy sector. Energy is a liberalized sector at European level, and Greece in addition to European and national legislation, had to apply measures imposed by the memorandums of understanding. These measures, on the one hand, aim to restructure the energy market, with the use of various instruments to consolidate competition. On the other hand, they envisage a metamorphosis of the role of the Greek state in the energy market. In this study we analyze at which extent the introduced reforms achieve a transition from a market closed to competition with monopoly rights of incumbent operators, towards a competitive Europeanized market for the benefit of consumers while contributing to the exit of the country from the economic crisis
Noesser, Cécile. "La résistible ascension du cinéma d’animation : Socio-genèse d’un cinéma-bis (1950-2010)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030043.
Повний текст джерелаOur thesis describes the aesthetic, economic and social path of the french animation movies.This socio-genesis focuses on the moment when it becomes an artistic field, reaching at theend a late recognition, which is still poorly informed. The first part makes the archeology ofits evolution, from the first independence conquest after war, to the setting out of a publicpolicy, which makes a heavy change on the animation landscape at the early 1980’s. In this context of impeded empowerment of the animation field, we will examine then the respective roles of the National Cinematography Center, the producers and the television channels, andthe new rules they introduce. We will finally highlight the impact of these operators, who judge and produce cinematographic quality, on the destiny of the artists ant their movies
Gavalda, Elisabeth. "Les Cahiers de Prospero (1991-2002). Une revue d’auteurs de théâtre." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA119.
Повний текст джерелаThe history of the periodical Les Cahiers de Prospero is closely related to La Chartreuse of Villeneuve lez Avignon and to the birth, in 1991, of both the Centre National des Écritures du Spectacle (The National Playwriting Centre) and a former periodical named Prospero.This research describes and analyzes the conditions and the various contexts and issues (political, patrimonial, cultural and editorial) underlying the birth of Les Cahiers de Prospero, the two main steps being the rehabilitation of the monument into a cultural center with a European aim and the Compte rendu d’Avignon (Avignon’s Report), a wide study directed by Michel Vinaver within the Centre National des Lettres. The research will focus on the transformation of a specialised and institutionalised periodical (1991-1992), into a periodical conceived only by theater writers (1994-1996) then into a « carte blanche » given to a single author-designer for each publication (1999-2002).A modification of the editorial line allows the authors to find a space of communication and confrontation, centered around theater-writing issues. Michel Azama, editor-in-chief of the magazine, in agreement with the direction of the Chartreuse, gathers a commitee of authors: Eugène Durif, Roland Fichet, Didier-Georges Gabily, Philippe Minyana, Jean-Marie Piemme and Noëlle Renaude to realize Les Cahiers de Propero. More than a literary object, Les Cahiers de Propero offer a portrait of the theater writer at the dawn of the XXIst century. The richness of its contents and the collaboration of a guest painter author per issue turns it into a unique object
Troncy, Christel. "Institutionnalisation de formations francophones en contexte non francophone : politiques curriculaires et statut du français : l'université Galatasaray en Turquie (1992-2012) : une étude de cas élargie à d'autres formations en Europe orientale." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA3003/document.
Повний текст джерелаHow does the status of the French language as the teaching language for the courses become institutionalized in academic training programs, within a non French-speaking context? The main assumption is that of a weak institutionalization of the curricular status of the French language in a non French-speaking context, due in particular to the players, who generate the academic curricular policy while being less and less committed to a curriculum in French.The study of the curricular policy evolution at Galatasaray University — a university created in 1992 on the basis of a franco-turkish agreement is —considered along the lines of a qualitative and inductive approach, by means of a case study extended to other training programs in French, of a lesser scope but created during the same era, at the turn of the 1980s-1990s in Turkey and in other Eastern Europe countries. The study relies on a vast corpus of archival data and interview-gathered data. The elements concerning the selected training programs enable us to bring to light some initial institutionalization processes of the status of the French language, that are common to these training programs and to Galatasaray University. All are representative of a particular era, of short lasting, propitious for a movement of academic training programs creation, in French, within these globally non French-speaking contexts in Eastern Europe. In the majority of cases, at various degrees, twenty years later, the status of the French language appears all the more unstable that the networks of players who generate the curricular academic policy are weak, and that the status of the French language is less and less consensual