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Статті в журналах з теми "Polymer types"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 червня 2025

Оновлено: 2 серпня 2025

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1

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil, and Khalina Abdan. "A Brief Review on the Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Chemical Properties of Biodegradable Polymer Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162597.

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Biodegradable polymers are an exceptional class of polymers that can be decomposed by bacteria. They have received significant interest from researchers in several fields. Besides this, biodegradable polymers can also be incorporated with fillers to fabricate biodegradable polymer composites. Recently, a variety of ionic liquids have also been applied in the fabrication of the polymer composites. In this brief review, two types of fillers that are utilized for the fabrication of biodegradable polymer composites, specifically organic fillers and inorganic fillers, are described. Three types of

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2

Ansari, Aysha Praveen, Anamika Saini, Ila Joshi, et al. "Conducting Polymers: Types and Applications." International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods 13, no. 01 (2025): 01–19. https://doi.org/10.56025/ijaresm.2024.121224005.

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Conducting Polymers (CPs) represent a unique class of materials that combine the electrical conductivity of metals with the mechanical properties and processability of conventional polymers. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the various types of conducting polymers, including Polyaniline (PANI), Polypyrrole (PPy), Polythiophene (PT), and their derivatives. The synthesis techniques of these polymers, such as Chemical, Electrochemical, and Template-Based Methods, are discussed, highlighting their impact on the polymer's structure, conductivity, and functional properties. Each polymer

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3

Sazonov, Aleksey, and Larisa Fomina. "TYPES OF POLYMERS FOR FUEL CELL MEMBRANES." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2024, no. 1 (2024): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2024-1-62-63.

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The work reflects a list of polymer materials used in the world to create proton-conducting mem-branes for low-temperature fuel cells. An analysis of the structure, physicochemical properties, condi-tions for the synthesis of polymers and operational characteristics of the membranes obtained on their basis was carried out

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4

Kim. "Influence of Polymer Types on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Modified Cement Mortars." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031061.

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This is an experimental study showing the effect of four types of polymers (acrylate polymer (AC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)) on the mechanical properties of polymer-modified cement mortars (PCMs). One polymer dosage was used in this study (3%), and the effect of this dosage on PCMs was compared with a control mortar mix with 0% polymer. The compressive, flexural, and pull-off bond strengths were measured and compared with previous results in works of literature. The effect of polymer addition on improving the mechanical propertie

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5

Huang, Jingting, Tao Li, Dayong Zhu, Peng Gao, and An Zhou. "Compressive behavior of circular and square concrete column externally confined by different types of basalt fiber–reinforced polymer." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 8 (2020): 1534–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219898086.

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This article studies the compressive behavior of concrete columns confined by different basalt fiber–reinforced polymers. A total of 30 columns were divided into 10 groups according to section shapes (circular and square), basalt fiber–reinforced polymer types (unidirectional basalt fiber–reinforced polymer, bidirectional basalt fiber–reinforced polymer, and hybrid basalt fiber–reinforced polymer/carbon fiber–reinforced polymers), and number of layers (0, 1, and 2). The test results showed that the compressive strengths of confined specimens increased by 20%–71% for circular columns and by 23%

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6

Kühn, Susanne, Albert van Oyen, Elisa L. Bravo Rebolledo, Amalie V. Ask, and Jan Andries van Franeker. "Polymer types ingested by northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and southern hemisphere relatives." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 2 (2020): 1643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10540-6.

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AbstractAlthough ingestion of plastic by tubenosed seabirds has been documented regularly, identification of the polymer composition of these plastics has rarely been described. Polymer assessment may assist in identifying sources and may indicate risks from additives occurring in specific types of polymers. Using known test materials, two identification methods Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and near infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and NIR) were compared. Although both methods were found to be similarly suitable for identification of plastic polymers, a significant difference was observe

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7

Han, Jingwei. "Analysis of Preparation and Application of Conductive Polymer Materials." MATEC Web of Conferences 410 (2025): 03008. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202541003008.

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Conductive polymer materials have evolved into a revolutionary class of functional materials since their discovery, bridging the performance gap between traditional conductive metals and insulating polymers. Their unique combination of tunable electrical conductivity, lightweight nature, flexibility, and processability has driven extensive interdisciplinary research. These materials demonstrate tremendous potential in applications such as flexible electronics, electromagnetic shielding, biomedical applications, among others. Based on the introduction of the conductive mechanisms of conductive

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8

Orihara, H., M. Doi, and Y. Ishibashi. "Two Types of Mechanism of Electrorheological Effect in Polymer Blends." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 14n16 (1999): 1949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299002009.

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We have found two different types of mechanism of electrorheological (ER) effect observed in polymer blends of side-chain type liquid crystalline polymers and a dimethylsiloxane, and clarified the relationship between the ER effect and the structure. On the basis of their mechanisms we discuss the electrorheological properties of these two blends.

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9

Pashchenko, O. A., N. A. Borodina, O. O. Yavorska, V. V. Ishkov, and O. V. Cherniaiev. "Application of polymer flooding to increase oil recovery." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1415, no. 1 (2024): 012054. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012054.

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Abstract This article examines the problem of non-uniform oil displacement during the development of multi-layer fields and proposes a promising approach to solve it – polymer flooding. The article outlines the basic principles of polymer flooding, including dissolving polymers in water to increase viscosity and reduce water mobility. Various types of polymers used in this technology and their unique characteristics are considered. The advantages of polymer flooding are highlighted, such as increasing reservoir coverage and increasing oil production efficiency. The illustrations presented in t

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10

Nikonov, Mykola, and Sergii Shevchenko. "Polymer insulation breakdown types analysis." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 2 (9) (December 29, 2024): 31–35. https://doi.org/10.20998/eree.2024.2(9).307823.

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The paper investigates the theory of electrical breakdown channel formation in polymeric dielectrics. The process of operating electrical networks is quite complex, since dielectric materials lose their insulating properties under the influence of electric field intensity, which causes the destruction of molecular bonds. This phenomenon is called dielectric breakdown, or a violation of its electrical strength and loss of dielectric properties, followed by the formation of a breakdown channel with high electrical conductivity. Additional factors, such as insulation cooling conditions, external

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11

Assi, Amel Habeeb, Ramzi Riyadh Khazeem, Ahmed Salah Salem, and Alaa Tahseen Ali. "Studying the Effects of Different Polymers on Rheological Properties of Water Base Muds." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 12 (2018): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.12.02.

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This research is focusing on finding more effective polymers that leads to enhance the rheological properties of Water Base Muds. The experiments are done for different types of mud for all substances which are Polyacrylamide, Xanthan gum, CMC (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose). This study shows the effect of add polymer to red bentonite mud, effect of add polymer to Iraqi bentonite mud, the effect of add bentonite to polymer mud. The mud properties of Iraqi bentonite blank are enhanced after adding the polymers to the blank mix, CMC gives the highest value of plastic viscosity and Gel strength than

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12

Zhurinov, M. Zh, B. B. Teltayev, and E. D. Amirbayev. "MAIN STANDARD INDICATORS OF POLYMER ASPHALT CONCRETES." Series of Geology and Technical Sciences 445, no. 1 (2021): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170x.27.

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The main indicators of 29 types of asphalt and polymer asphalt concretes prepared with the use of neat bitumens of 2 grades and 7 types of polymer bitumens have been determined and comparatively analyzed in the work. The bitumens of grades BND 100/130 and BND 130/200 produced by the Pavlodar petrochemical plant have been selected for preparation of the asphalt concretes, polymer bitumens and polymer asphalt concretes. 7 types of the polymers (Elvaloy 4170, Elvaloy AM, Kraton D 1192A, Calprene 501, SBS L 30-01 A, KUMHO KTR, Butonal NS 198) have been selected for the modification of the bitumens

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13

Norazman, Nurul Anis Liyana, Siti Mariana Mujad, Nurfarah Aini Mocktar, and Noor Aniza Harun. "RECENT TRENDS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SYNTHETIC HYDROPHILIC POLYMER NANOPARTICLES, METHODS OF SYNTHESIS & THEIR APPLICATIONS." Jurnal Teknologi 85, no. 4 (2023): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19259.

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Numerous types of hydrophilic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) have recently become research hotspots because of their ability to dissolve in water and can be adapted with respect to physical, chemical, and biological properties to meet the requirements of different applications. Synthetic hydrophilic polymeric NPs had successfully gained much attention because of their unique physicochemical properties, such as low toxicity, biodegradability, bioavailability, and support material for extensive swelling in water. These synthetic hydrophilic polymers NPs create new opportunities to produce water-sol

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14

Nemailal, Tarafder. "Geo-Textiles Material Types with Properties and Applications." Journals of Mechatronics Machine Design and Manufacturing 2, no. 1 (2020): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3634413.

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Geo-textiles are permeable textile structures made of polymeric materials and mostly used in Mechanical engineering works and Machine designe. The most important factors in the manufacturing of geo-textiles are polymer type, fabric design and type of bonding. Polypropylene and polyester are the two most widely applied polymers in manufacturing of geo-textiles. Numerous geo-textiles fabric and fibre properties are critical for the performance of geo-textiles in the application fields. Thickness, weight (mass/unit area and flexibility are the important physical properties of geo-textiles. Two ki

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15

Malinowski, Marek, and Agnieszka Iwan. "Polymer fuel cells. Part II. Types of polymers and applications." Polimery 59, no. 10 (2014): 708–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2014.708.

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16

Tyagi, Upendra N., and Paul T. Bowen. "Polymer Characteristics and Attachment Sites in the Sludge Matrix." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 8-9 (1989): 899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0292.

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This study identified polymer attachment sites in three types of sludge for different molecular weight and charge density cationic polymers. Conditioned and unconditioned sludge samples were treated with cationized ferritin (CF) to label anionic charged sites on the surface of sludge particles. Sludge surfaces were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The presence of CF indicates an anionic site not attached to polymers. For increasing polymer molecular weight, comparison of micrographs of samples conditioned with similar polymer doses showed an increase in CF attachment. Therefore

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17

Nagar, Malhar A., and Davide Janner. "Polymer-Based Optical Guided-Wave Biomedical Sensing: From Principles to Applications." Photonics 11, no. 10 (2024): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11100972.

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Polymer-based optical sensors represent a transformative advancement in biomedical diagnostics and monitoring due to their unique properties of flexibility, biocompatibility, and selective responsiveness. This review provides a comprehensive overview of polymer-based optical sensors, covering the fundamental operational principles, key insights of various polymer-based optical sensors, and the considerable impact of polymer integration on their functional capabilities. Primary attention is given to all-polymer optical fibers and polymer-coated optical fibers, emphasizing their significant role

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18

Keshvardoostchokami, Mina, Sara Seidelin Majidi, Peipei Huo, Rajan Ramachandran, Menglin Chen, and Bo Liu. "Electrospun Nanofibers of Natural and Synthetic Polymers as Artificial Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering." Nanomaterials 11, no. 1 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11010021.

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Many types of polymer nanofibers have been introduced as artificial extracellular matrices. Their controllable properties, such as wettability, surface charge, transparency, elasticity, porosity and surface to volume proportion, have attracted much attention. Moreover, functionalizing polymers with other bioactive components could enable the engineering of microenvironments to host cells for regenerative medical applications. In the current brief review, we focus on the most recently cited electrospun nanofibrous polymeric scaffolds and divide them into five main categories: natural polymer-na

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19

Gbadamosi, Afeez, Shirish Patil, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal, et al. "Application of Polymers for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review." Polymers 14, no. 7 (2022): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071433.

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Polymers play a significant role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their viscoelastic properties and macromolecular structure. Herein, the mechanisms of the application of polymeric materials for enhanced oil recovery are elucidated. Subsequently, the polymer types used for EOR, namely synthetic polymers and natural polymers (biopolymers), and their properties are discussed. Moreover, the numerous applications for EOR such as polymer flooding, polymer foam flooding, alkali–polymer flooding, surfactant–polymer flooding, alkali–surfactant–polymer flooding, and polymeric nanofluid flooding ar

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20

Gunka, Volodymyr, Olena Astakhova, Yurii Hrynchuk, et al. "A Review of Road Bitumen Modification Methods. Part 1 – Physical Modification." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 18, no. 2 (2024): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht18.02.295.

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The information in this study is based on a thorough review of recent articles related to the production of binders for road construction and the improvement of their performance properties. The main attention is paid to the physical modification of road bitumen with polymer modifiers. The influence of the three main types of polymers (thermoplastics, elastomers, and thermoplastic elastomers) on the main physical and mechanical properties of bitumen-polymer compositions is shown. The main technological parameters and features of the physical modification of bitumen by different types of polyme

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21

BONDARUK, O. M., and L. V. KARABANOVA. "NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON SINGLECOMPONENT AND MULTICOMPONENT POLYMER MATRICES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS." Polymer journal 44, no. 1 (2022): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/polymerj.44.01.003.

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Анотація:

The review is devoted to analysis of the publications in the area of polymers of biomedical applications. Different types of the polymer matrices for drug delivery are analyzed, including polyurethanes, hydroxyacrylates, and multicomponent polymer matrices, which created by method of interpenetrating polymer networks. Particular attention is paid to description of synthesized and investigated nanocomposites based on polyurethane / poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) polymer matrix and nanooxides modified by biologically active compounds.

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22

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, and Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil. "A Short Review on the Effect of Surfactants on the Mechanico-Thermal Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (2020): 4867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144867.

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The recent growth of nanotechnology consciousness has enhanced the attention of researchers on the utilization of polymer nanocomposites. Nanocomposite have widely been made by using synthetic, natural, biosynthetic, and synthetic biodegradable polymers with nanofillers. Nanofillers are normally modified with surfactants for increasing the mechanico-thermal properties of the nanocomposites. In this short review, two types of polymer nanocomposites modified by surfactants are classified, specifically surfactant-modified inorganic nanofiller/polymer nanocomposites and surfactant-modified organic

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23

Arutyunov, Sergey, Levon Kirakosyan, Lubov Dubova, et al. "Microbial Adhesion to Dental Polymers for Conventional, Computer-Aided Subtractive and Additive Manufacturing: A Comparative In Vitro Study." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 2 (2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020042.

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Modern structural materials are represented by a variety of polymer materials used for dental patients’ rehabilitation. They differ not only in physico-chemical properties, but also in microbiological properties, which is one of the reasons why these materials are chosen. The study focused on the microbial adhesion of clinical isolates of normal (5 types), periodontopathogenic (2 types), and fungal (2 types) microbiotas to various materials based on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intended for traditional (cold-cured and hot-cured polymers), computer-aided subtractive and additive manufacturing.

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24

Kujawa, Weronika, Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska, and Jacek Nowaczyk. "Concrete Strengthening by Introducing Polymer-Based Additives into the Cement Matrix—A Mini Review." Materials 14, no. 20 (2021): 6071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14206071.

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The modern types of concrete are a mixture of aggregates, cement, water and optional additives and admixtures. In particular, polymer additives seem to be a promising type of component that can significantly change concrete and mortar properties. Currently, the most popular polymer additives include superplasticizers, latexes and redispersible powders. Moreover, in order to improve the properties of concrete-based composite admixtures, which enhance the resistance to cracking, polymer fibres and recycled polymers have been researched. All the types of polymeric materials mentioned above are br

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25

Wu, Cai-Ying, and Walter A. Aue. "Protected porous polymers." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 3 (1989): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-062.

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This study was designed to answer the question whether the chromatographic performance of porous polymers — serving here as a model system for pressure-sensitive separation media of relatively large mass transfer resistance — could be improved (a) by imposing on them a chromatographically favorable, extrinsic macrostructure and (b) by protecting that macrostructure against physical deformation. Packed-column gas chromatography was used as the test system.Protected porous polymers (PPP's) were synthesized from pure divinylbenzene (DVB) inside conventional diatomaceous supports, using various am

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26

Lavrov, N. A., and E. V. Belukhichev. "Theoretical foundations and mechanisms of polymer compatibilization." Plasticheskie massy 1, no. 5-6 (2023): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2023-5-6-8-11.

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The article describes the main characteristics of polymeric materials that affects their compatibility, types of polymer blends and features of their morphology, and the main mechanisms of combination (compatibilization) of polymers.

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27

Filimon, Anca, Adina Maria Dobos, Ecaterina Avram, and Silvia Ioan. "Ionic polymers based on quaternized polysulfones: hydrodynamic properties of polymer mixtures in solution." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 11 (2014): 1871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0603.

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Abstract Hydrodynamic properties developed in a series of mixtures, obtained from quaternized polysulfone and cellulose acetate phthalate or polyvinyl alcohol in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, were evaluated by viscometric investigations. Theoretical and experimental aspects concerning the viscometric data for binary polymer/solvent and ternary polymer/polymer/solvent mixtures have been discussed by the new Wolf model, as a function of the charge density of polyion, structural peculiarity of polymers, and polymer mixture composition. Intrinsic viscosity and also the hydrodynamic parameters obtained b

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28

Tchetgnia Ngassam, Inès Leana, Sandrine Marceau, and Thierry Chaussadent. "Durability of Polymer Modified Repair Mortars on Concrete Structures." Advanced Materials Research 687 (April 2013): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.687.397.

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Polymer modified mortars (PMM) used as repair products present higher intrinsic properties than classic mortar due to polymer effect in the cementitious matrix. But evolution of their adhesives properties is not well known. This article deals with adhesive behavior of two PMMs made in laboratory with styrene acrylate (SA) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymers. It is highlighted that adhesion of these mortars depends on polymer amount in the mortar, on the environmental conditions, and on the roughness of the concrete support. This adhesion is improved in warm environment and with high roug

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29

Wang, R., J. Li, T. Zhang, and L. Czarnecki. "Chemical interaction between polymer and cement in polymer-cement concrete." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 4 (2016): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0087.

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Abstract Polymers are widely used in cement mortar and concrete modification due to their significant role in improving the overall performance of cement-based materials. Their physical interaction is well-accepted, while less attention is given to chemical interaction between the polymers and cement. Through a review of prior arts, chemical interactions are discussed and summarized in this paper. Various chemical interactions may take place between cement and different types of polymers. Understanding these chemical interactions will play an important role in clarifying the relationship betwe

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30

Zhang, Dong, Jian Guang Wei, and Run Nan Zhou. "Investigation on the effect of active-polymers with different functional groups for EOR." e-Polymers 20, no. 1 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2020-0007.

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AbstractActive-polymer attracted increasing interest as an enhancing oil recovery technology in oilfield development owing to the characteristics of polymer and surfactant. Different types of active functional groups, which grafted on the polymer branched chain, have different effects on the oil displacement performance of the active-polymers. In this article, the determination of molecular size and viscosity of active-polymers were characterized by Scatterer and Rheometer to detect the expanded swept volume ability. And the Leica microscope was used to evaluate the emulsifying property of the

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31

Mirski, Radosław, Aleksandra Banaszak, and Pavlo Bekhta. "Selected Properties of Formaldehyde-Free Polymer-Straw Boards Made from Different Types of Thermoplastics and Different Kinds of Straw." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051216.

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This research investigated the effects of different thermoplastics types and different kinds of straw on selected properties of polymer-straw boards. Polyethylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene of virgin and of recycled origin were used for bonding the boards. Three kinds of straw were used: rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus), triticale (Triticosecale Witt b m.), and rye (Secale L.). Five-layer polymer-straw boards were produced. The obtained boards differed in both the materials they were made of and the moisture content (7, 25, and 2% for the core, the middle, and the face layers, respectiv

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32

Yan, Hui, and Heinz W. Siesler. "Identification Performance of Different Types of Handheld Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrometers for the Recycling of Polymer Commodities." Applied Spectroscopy 72, no. 9 (2018): 1362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818777260.

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For sustainable utilization of raw materials and environmental protection, the recycling of the most common polymers—polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polystyrene (PS)—is an extremely important issue. In the present communication, the discrimination performance of the above polymer commodities based on their near-infrared (NIR) spectra measured with four real handheld (<200 g) spectrometers based on different monochromator principles were investigated. From a total of 43 polymer samples, the diffuse reflection spectra were

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33

Ramadhan, Romal, Muslim Abdurahman, and Falan Srisuriyachai. "Sensitivity Analysis Comparisson of Synthetic Polymer and Biopolymer using Reservoir Simulation." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 43, no. 3 (2020): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.43.3.516.

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With a simultaneous increasing demand for oil and large decreases worldwide in newly discovered oil reserves in the past few decades, much attention has been paid to more effi cient production approaches such as enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods for developing oil and gas from existing reservoirs (Li et al., 2014). Basically, there are two types of polymers; biopolymers and synthetic polymers (Cenk et al., 2017). Method used for this study is reservoir simulation by Computer Modeling Group (CMG) STARS simulator. The study concerns to investigate and analyze the polymer sensitivity on two dif

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34

Wang, Ke, Fan Li, Di Tian, et al. "Segmental Janus nanoparticles of polymer composites." Chemical Communications 55, no. 56 (2019): 8114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc03067k.

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We demonstrate a facile yet robust “plasma etching and grafting” strategy to prepare Janus nanoparticles coated with binary polymer brushes on two different sides. The ratio of two types of polymers can be tailored by tuning the plasma etching power.

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Xu, Hailiang. "Improvement of the Conductive Ability of Polymer Electrolytes." E3S Web of Conferences 606 (2025): 02013. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560602013.

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In current applied research, traditional electrolytes face significant challenges. The emergence and application of polymer electrolytes provide effective solutions to these problems. This paper will introduce the types and characteristics of polymer electrolytes based on three aspects. The star-shaped compound based on PEGMA, i.e., poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, can significantly enhance the mechanical and electrical properties of polymer electrolytes; the gel electrolyte prepared by compounding highly polar β-polyvinylidene fluoride (β-PVDF) with nylon 6 shows significant application po

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36

Singh, Divya, B. Bhattacharya, and Hardev Singh Virk. "Conductivity Modulation in Polymer Electrolytes and their Composites due to Ion-Beam Irradiation." Solid State Phenomena 239 (August 2015): 110–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.239.110.

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Polymers are a class of materials widely used in different fields of applications. With imminent applications of polymers, the study of radiation induced changes in polymers has become an obvious scientific demand. The bombardment by ion beam radiations has become one of the most promising techniques in present day polymer research. When the polymers are irradiated, a variety of physical and chemical changes takes place due to energy deposition of the radiation in the polymer matrix. Scissoring, cross-linking, recombination, radical decomposition, etc. are some of the interesting changes that

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37

KIM, MIN-KYUNG, YU-JIN LEE, and NAM-JU JO. "THE EFFECT OF HSAB PRINCIPLE ON ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-IN-SALT ELECTROLYTES WITH ALIPHATIC POLYMER." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 01 (2010): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10013825.

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To obtain high ambient ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE), we introduce polymer-in-salt system with ion hopping mechanism contrary to traditional salt-in-polymer system with segmental motion mechanism. In polymer-in-salt system, the interaction between polymer and salt is important because polymer-in-salt electrolyte contains a large amount of salt. Thus, we try to solve the origin of interaction between polymer and salt by using hard/soft acid base (HSAB) principle. The SPEs are made up of two types of polymers (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, hard base) and poly(ethylene imine)

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38

Han, Cheon Goo, Min Cheol Han, Chan Chun Pei, and Seong Hwan Yang. "Effect of Types and Contents of Polymer Resin on Spalling Prevention of High-Strength Concrete Subjected to Fire." Key Engineering Materials 466 (January 2011): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.466.85.

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In this study, the fundamental and spalling properties of high-strength concrete were examined, especially when various types and varying content of polymer resin were added. Two types of polymers were used in this study: ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA-P) and polyvinyl acetate copolymer (PVA-P) as powders and polyvinyl acetate copolymer (PVA-F) and polypropylene copolymer (PP-F) as fibers. Test results showed that the addition of EVA-P and PVA-F to concrete slightly decreased flowability, whereas the addition of PP-F and PVA-P enhanced the viscosity, leading to a remarkable reduction in

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39

Vinayak A. Katekar, Prafful P. Kothari, Aarti A. Nahar, Pooja A. Salve, Harsha H. Shendurkar, and Shruti A. Adhau. "A review on recent advantages and evaluation of microparticles and their applications." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2023.24.2.0320.

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Microparticles are free spherical dust between 1 and 1000 microns made of synthetic, non-biodegradable, and non-biodegradable polymers. There are two types of microparticles: microcapsules and micro matrix. The main types of microparticles are magnetic microparticles, polymer microparticles, bio-adhesive microparticles, biodegradable polymer microparticles, synthetic polymer microparticles, floating microparticles, and radioactive microparticles. The advantage of microcarriers over nanoparticles is that they do not cross the 100 nm interstitium during lymphatic transport and therefore act loca

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Vinayak, A. Katekar, P. Kothari Prafful, A. Nahar Aarti, A. Salve Pooja, H. Shendurkar Harsha, and A. Adhau Shruti. "A review on recent advantages and evaluation of microparticles and their applications." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 2 (2023): 297–307. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10440952.

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Анотація:

Microparticles are free spherical dust between 1 and 1000 microns made of synthetic, non-biodegradable, and non-biodegradable polymers. There are two types of microparticles: microcapsules and micro matrix. The main types of microparticles are magnetic microparticles, polymer microparticles, bio-adhesive microparticles, biodegradable polymer microparticles, synthetic polymer microparticles, floating microparticles, and radioactive microparticles. The advantage of microcarriers over nanoparticles is that they do not cross the 100 nm interstitium during lymphatic transport and therefore act loca

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Rajpoot, Anmol, and Nibedita Banik. "A Review on the Recent Development on Polymer Nanocomposite for Energy Storage Application." Material Science Research India 20, SpecialIssue1 (2023): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri.20.special-issue1.02.

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ABSTRACT: Since the demand for effective and sustainable energy solutions has been on the rise, the field of energy storage has made tremendous strides. Due to their special mix of features, polymer nanocomposites—materials made of polymers and nano-scale fillers have become intriguing materials for energy storage applications. The most current advancements in polymer nanocomposites for energy storage applications are presented in detail in this review study. The work starts with an overview of the fundamental ideas and difficulties surrounding energy storage, then it explores the synthesis an

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Agustina, Sri, Diva Cesarylla Darmawan, Ichsan Setiawan, et al. "Microplastic in Beach Sediment of Nasi Island, Aceh Besar Regency, Indonesia." BIO Web of Conferences 87 (2024): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248702007.

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Microplastic might be a small size of plastic that is directly released into the environment or the result of larger in size of plastic degradations. The presence and effect of microplastic have been reported globally. However, the existence of microplastic trapped in beach sediment of Nasi Island is limited. This research was conducted to analyse the type of sediment, abundance and type of microplastic polymer found in beach sediments in Nasi Island, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out in April 2022 at Nipah Beach and Alue Riyeung Beach in Nasi Island, Aceh

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43

Kazim, H. A., A. F. Naser, and Z. F. Jawad. "A Review Study on the Improving the Hot Mixture Asphalt Properties by Using Different Types of Polymers as Additive for Asphalt Material." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1279, no. 1 (2023): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1279/1/012022.

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Abstract By integrating the design of high-performance material with solid structural design, flexible pavement performance can be increased and the service life extended. In the context of creating highways the topic of asphalt polymer modification and the incorporation of polymers in asphalt material by mechanical mixing or chemical reaction, has received substantial scholarly coverage. A wide range of polymers types are used in the method of changing asphalt material and subsequently enhancing hot mixed asphalt. The main objective of this paper is to review prior research on employing polym

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Alberti, Giancarla, Camilla Zanoni, Vittorio Losi, Lisa Rita Magnaghi, and Raffaela Biesuz. "Current Trends in Polymer Based Sensors." Chemosensors 9, no. 5 (2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9050108.

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This review illustrates various types of polymer and nanocomposite polymeric based sensors used in a wide variety of devices. Moreover, it provides an overview of the trends and challenges in sensor research. As fundamental components of new devices, polymers play an important role in sensing applications. Indeed, polymers offer many advantages for sensor technologies: their manufacturing methods are pretty simple, they are relatively low-cost materials, and they can be functionalized and placed on different substrates. Polymers can participate in sensing mechanisms or act as supports for the

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45

Hu, Xiao Yu, and Ying Bo Chen. "Adsorption Properties of Chemical Crosslinked Polymer Gel." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.22.

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Chemical crosslinker polymer gels were synthesized in situ polymerization of monomers in solvents with crosslinkers. Results showed that the solvent content of the polymer gels depended on the types of solvents and polymers as well as the crosslinkers. The adsorption ability to aromatic organic molecules of the polymer gels was measured by treating tryptophan solution containing phenol and pyrene aqueous solution. The aromatic compounds can be removed completely and no further pollution to the original solutions.

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46

Saini, Lakshit, Anshita Dubey, Rahul Pal, Prachi Pandey, and Raj Kumar Mandal. "Synthetic and Natural Polymers Enhancing Drug Delivery and Their Treatment: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 14, no. 10 (2024): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i10.6802.

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Polymers, both synthetic and natural, play a critical role in modern drug delivery systems by enhancing the efficacy, targeting, and release profiles of therapeutic agents. This comprehensive review delves into the various types of synthetic polymers such as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, and gelatin. These polymers are explored for their potential to improve solubility, bioavailability, and controlled release of drugs. Moreover, their application in targeted drug delivery, part

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47

Park, Chansul, Min Su Kim, Hye Hyun Kim, et al. "Stretchable conductive nanocomposites and their applications in wearable devices." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 2 (2022): 021312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093261.

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Recently, highly conductive polymer nanocomposites, particularly soft polymer nanocomposites, have received extensive attention as promising material candidates for wearable devices. Compared with the cases of the wearable devices based on conventional rigid electronic materials, the wearable devices based on polymer nanocomposites exhibit excellent conformal contacts with the skin due to the soft mechanical properties of these nanocomposites; therefore, soft polymeric nanocomposites can be applied to stretchable wirings, electrodes, and sensor units in various on-skin electronics. The types o

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48

Zein, Naimah, Ezeddine Harmouch, Jean-Christophe Lutz, et al. "Polymer-Based Instructive Scaffolds for Endodontic Regeneration." Materials 12, no. 15 (2019): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152347.

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The challenge of endodontic regeneration is modulated by clinical conditions which determine five kinds of tissue requirements: pulp connective-tissue formation, dentin formation, revascularization, reinnervation and radicular edification. Polymer scaffolds constitute keystone of the different endodontic regenerative strategies. Indeed, scaffolds are crucial for carrying active molecules and competent cells which optimize the regeneration. Hydrogels are very beneficial for controlling viscosity and porosity of endodontic scaffolds. The nanofibrous and microporous scaffolds mimicking extracellu

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Saidi, Abdullah Khamis Ali Al, Adibehalsadat Ghazanfari, Shuwen Liu, et al. "Facile Synthesis and X-ray Attenuation Properties of Ultrasmall Platinum Nanoparticles Grafted with Three Types of Hydrophilic Polymers." Nanomaterials 13, no. 5 (2023): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13050806.

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Ultrasmall platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) grafted with three types of hydrophilic and biocompatible polymers, i.e., poly(acrylic acid), poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid), and poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) were synthesized using a one-pot polyol method. Their physicochemical and X-ray attenuation properties were characterized. All polymer-coated Pt-NPs had an average particle diameter (davg) of 2.0 nm. Polymers grafted onto Pt-NP surfaces exhibited excellent colloidal stability (i.e., no precipitation after synthesis for >1.5 years) and low cellular toxicity. The X-ray attenuatio

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Allaedini, Ghazaleh, and Patrick Zhang. "Treatment of Phosphoric Acid Sludge for Rare Earths Recovery I." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 7, no. 2 (2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2019070101.

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A total of nine polymers were first tested. Correlations between molecular weight and sludge settling rate were identified for three types of polymers with a general trend of higher molecular weight giving a faster settling rate. Among the non-ionic polymers, the medium molecular weight polymer produced the best results (1831.88 ppm). Among the cationic flocculants, the lowest molecular weight polymer resulted in more REEs distribution (2478.81 ppm). It was concluded that the super high molecular weight of anionic flocculants works best for treating phosphoric acid sludge which resulted in REE

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