Дисертації з теми "Ports – Environnement"
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Lo, Prete Mariantonia. "Port de commerce et environnement, une relation en évolution : ce que nous apprennent les recours contentieux dans les ports français et italiens en mer Méditerranée." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1178.
Ports are inevitably the site of litigation born out of environmental issues. Our research aims to understand how the environment is taken into account in port development. For that purpose, we analysed litigation where public and private players went to court over environmental issues. To do so, we created a method based on a geo-law grid that we used to read and analyse judgements on environmental issues linked to ports, and to grasp the variety of characteristics of these judgements on which we can base a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Our thesis is unique in using a legal approach to study port development. Using the prism of litigation provides valuable information to understand the relationships between private and public players involved in the development of ports as they face environmental issues. As a contribution to this purpose, we provide profiles of how the environment has been taken into account in port development. These port profiles can help us better understand new environmental disputes, and help us find better ways to take the environment into account in port development
Ansaud, Nathalie. "La prise en compte de la protection de l'environnement par le droit portuaire." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0039.
In a context of globalization of exchanges, seaports constitute an essential place of transition for the consummate goods and a centre of nautical leisure activities as reguards pleasure ports. Their activities, in a constant evolution, required considerable efforts of adaptation. The development of environmental laws, considering national, european and international ones, brought new challenges in search of the economic efficiency of seaports, requiring to define new policies of respectful managements of wildelife which surrounds them. Stakes then, will be to ensure their economic development while protecting of the public oder through the environmental protection, without provoking however a distortion of the economic competition. The present study will prove that seaports have a strong interest to enhance the notions of integrated management and will show the existing tools which ports are able to use and will propose new tracks, to aim at considering environmental protection within the framework of the harbour activities
Guerlet, Grégory. "La gestion des ports par une entite publique : aspects européens et environnementaux." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983306.
Bel, Hadj Ali Imen. "Contribution à l'étude des sédiments marins tunisiens : cas des ports de Radès et de Gabès." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957865.
Hamani, Vincent. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des écosystèmes portuaires : interactions entre les organismes filtreurs et leur environnement." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS013.
The hyper-anthropization, particularly along our coasts, has profoundly modified the environment. New structures, such as harbors, emerging, forming “true” ecosystems. Among the multitude of species inhabiting the port, one group seems particularly interesting to study: the filter feeders (bivalves and tunicat). These organisms have a strong interaction with the port environment due to their behaviour. Indeed, by remaining anchored to the structures, they are constantly subjected to the environmental factors that characterize the port and their feeding behavior, the filtration, leads them to be in contact with a large quantity of water and therefore with the elements that are in it. The objective of this thesis is to study this particular socio-ecosystem that is the port environment through this key group: the filter feeders. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this work, has allowed :-to study and map the communities of filter feeders present in the marina of La Rochelle; showing the complexity of their community and the fact that they are impacted by anthropogenic and hydrosedimentary factors.-to analyze the effect of two common contaminants in the port environment, copper and zinc, on the metabolism of a model filter-feeder organism : the scallop (Mimachlamys varia); and to show that they impacted several metabolic pathways involved in numerous biological functions, such as osmoregulation, oxidative stress, energetic metabolism, reproduction and apoptosis.- to highlight the fact that filter feeders are involved in the composition of the mud by remobilizing the sediments present in the water column and by modifying their physico-chemical properties; and that is species dependent and is strongly modulated by environmental conditions such as the level of organic matter.- to develop several innovative sampling and analysis methods needed to understand this particular environment
Pineau, Samuel. "Interactions entre les communautés bactériennes et les processus de corrosion accélérée des structures métalliques en environnement marin." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1664.
Accelerated corrosion phenomenons are studied from an in situ experimentation conducted in several ports using metallographic, chemical, microbiological and molecular biology analytical methods. The results showed some variations of corrosion deposit composition according to immersion zones, including high bacterial diversity. The habitat and mixed populations notions have been proposed. The observation of "terrace-like" corrosion suggested repetitive desquamations of deposits even when a hypothesis of localised acidification is proposed for attacks processes under tubercles. This process could be induced by biogenic sulphides oxidation, microbial synergetic relationships and corrosion products structure. Many applied research outlooks are suggested, especially for the methodological development of survey, diagnostic and risk assessment processes in industrial domain
Le, Breton Laurence. "Etude du comportement des metaux traces(cuivre,plomb et zinc) associes aux sediments portuaires : applications aux incidences des operations de dragage dans deux ports de la cote vendeenne (doctorat environnement)." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT13VS.
Loustau, Cazalet Marie. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d'un sédiment marin traité aux liants hydrauliques : Évaluation de la mobilité potentielle des polluants inorganiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749917.
Loustau, Cazalet Marie. "Caractérisation physico-chimique d’un sédiment marin traité aux liants hydrauliques : Évaluation de la mobilité potentielle des polluants inorganiques." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0012/document.
The dredging of French ports generates each year between 25 to 40 million tons of uncontaminated materials which are piled onto sea. Moreover, an important stock of contaminated sediments (about 10 million tons), which has to been dredged, exists. Indeed, the decree of June 14th, 2000 prohibits disposal to sea when levels of contamination exceed regulations. This important stock of sediment, which must be imperatively dredged within 10 years, is almost orphan of adapted treatment and valorization. In this context many research program appear to propose and to develop solutions. The SEDiGEST program (Management of the dredging sediments of ports) intends a scenario of filling terrestrial cavities with treated sediments. This Ph.D. thesis, carried out within the framework of this program, contributes to the improvement in understanding the geo-physico-chemical behavior of marine sediment stabilized with hydraulic binders (cement + lime). In this objective, the experimental approach was conducted in three steps. Firstly, a characterization of the solid was realized. An evaluation of the potential mobility of inorganic pollutants have was then determined. Finally, a modeling of the behavior towards leaching was operated. Data shown that target's inorganic pollutants of the matrix of study (copper, lead and zinc) were mainly associated with carbonates, sulfides/sulfates, (oxy)hydroxides, and/or with organic matter. Comparative study of the matrix at three levels “of evolution” (before and after treatment and artificially aged) highlights the reversibility of the stabilization by hydraulic binders. Indeed, treated sediment presents a pollution risk to less or more long term, leaching of copper and lead, during carbonation
Leduc, Noémie. "Évaluation de la biodiversité des invertébrés marins dans les ports commerciaux de l'Arctique grâce à l'ADN environnemental." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36279.
Arctic biodiversity has long been underestimated and is now facing rapid transformations due to ongoing climate change and other impacts including shipping activities. These changes are placing marine coastal invertebrate communities at greater risk, especially in sensitive areas such as commercial ports. Preserving biodiversity is a significant challenge, going far beyond the protection of charismatic species and involving suitable knowledge of the organization of species in space. Therefore, knowledge of alpha, beta and gamma biodiversity indices are of great importance in achieving this objective together with new cost-effective approaches to monitor changes in biodiversity. This study compares metabarcoding of COI mitochondrial genes and 18S rRNA genes from environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples with standard species collection methods to document patterns of invertebrate communities at various spatial scales. Water samples (250 mL) were collected at three different depths within three Canadian Arctic ports; Churchill, MB, Iqaluit, NU and Deception Bay, QC. From these samples, 202 genera distributed across more than 15 phyla were detected using eDNA metabarcoding, of which only 9% to 15% were also identified through species collection at the same sites. Significant differences in taxonomic richness and community composition were observed between eDNA and species collections, both on local and regional scales. This study shows that eDNA dispersion in the Arctic Ocean reduces beta diversity in comparison to species collection while emphasizing the importance of pelagic life stages for eDNA detection. This study highlights the potential of eDNA metabarcoding to assess large-scale arctic marine invertebrate diversity while emphasizing that eDNA and species collection should be considered as complementary tools for providing a more holistic picture of the marine invertebrate communities living in coastal areas.
Mac, Farlane Franck. "Méthodologie de gestion des matériaux de dragage maritime : application au port de Dunkerque." Artois, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ARTO0203.
Seaports must realise regular maintenance dredging on their site, in order to evacuate significant volumes of marine sediments. The dredging aims to maintain the required depth for ships in the port. My work aims to propose a management methodology for dredged materials characterisation, by making a seaport zoning. This approach is based on all available data on site exploitation, without doing complementary mechanical and physicochemical analyses. The zoning allows to differentiate numerous types of sediments, but also various pollution. Suitable treatments could be applied on the dredged material to neutralise or destroy the pollutants, in order to develop these materials for civil engineering. The application takes place in the Port of Dunkirk Authority (PAD), within its twin port: The Western Port is a tidal port and the Eastern Port is behind locks. Results show different materials and various pollution in the seaport, according to the sampling place. It shows also that the zoning methodology is a good way to manage seaport data. With such results, we could know pollution sources in order to prevent sediments contamination
Delile, Hugo. "Signatures des paléo-pollutions et des paléo-environnements dans les archives sédimentaires des ports antiques de Rome et d’Éphèse." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20065/document.
Rome and Ephesus are two iconic harbor cities of the ancient Mediterranean; the first was the center of the Roman Empire and the second became the Roman capital of Asia Minor at the end of the 1st c. BC. The economic and commercial influence of these two ports in the Mediterranean depended heavily on their harbor systems. The aim of this study is to discern the economic development of Rome and Ephesus from the geochemical signals of the pollution they were exposed to. To this end, we drilled cores through the sedimentary archives of the two ancient harbors and measured major and trace element concentrations and Pb isotope compositions. Both harbors were subject to delta progradation, Rome by the Tiber and Ephesus by the Caÿster, which changed the aquatic environments from being initially open and well oxygenated to becoming closed and anoxic. The harbor basins finally shut down for shipping when an epilimnic system came into place due to too shallow a depth of the water column. Although changing environmental conditions and multiple dredgings appear to have altered some parts of the geochemical record, the pollution levels of lead quite accurately reflect the state of the economic health of Rome and Ephesus, which evolved the most during periods of prosperity and disorder. Pb isotope data, converted into geological parameters (Tmod, μ and к), further allowed deducing the provenance of the geological sources of lead ores at the origin of the pollution. Based on these results, it appears that lead ore supplies during the Roman period were of local origins, reflecting how Rome and Ephesus dominated the surrounding economic areas with which they were in contact. However, while the beginning of the Middle Ages is accompanied by a decline of Rome, Ephesus regains its past prosperity with the importation of Hercynian lead from western Europe. It was produced massively as a result of the medieval economic revolution that Europe experienced from the 10th century onward
Houzangbe, Samory. "Impact sur l'expérience utilisateur en environnement virtuel immersif de l'utilisation d'objets connectés portés pour la rétroaction physiologique." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0011/document.
The internet of things has now entered every home and, with a society more and more focused towards wellness, these sensors measure and offer henceforth a wide variety of physiological data. Virtual reality technologies reaching maturity, coupled with the advent of the internet of things, allow consequently new opportunities to propose improved immersive experiences. If we identify nowadays many virtual reality studies reporting the usage of physiological data, they mainly use medical equipment, which poses strong usability constraints, is often cumbersome and limits mobility. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, this study therefore focuses on the original usage of smart wearables as substitutes for traditional sensors in immersive applications. Thus, this thesis is positioned halfway between a technological feasibility study and a fundamental user experience study.In this context, the objective of our study is to contribute to knowledge about the impact of the use of physiological data in immersive virtual environments. More precisely, the impact of biofeedback, via off-the-shelf smart wearables, on user engagement and the sense of agency. We have thus carried out two experiments allowing us to study the impacts of the different biofeedback modalities on user experience. Our first experiment implements a biofeedback based on heart rate in a virtual reality horror game, allowing to enhance the feeling of fear. The results of this experiment confirm the interest of using smart wearables to capture physiological data for immersive virtual reality experiences. They also highlight the positive impact of this biofeedback on user engagement. The second experiment focuses on the use of cardiac activity as a mandatory interaction mechanism. This experiment is divided into two parts, the first one quantifying the participants’ level of competency in heartrate control and the second one immersing them in a series of tasks in virtual reality ; heartrate control is necessary to complete the different steps of the experience. The results of this experiment demonstrate the possibility of using the said interaction mechanic for virtual reality experiences and indicate a positive impact on the sense of agency, linked with the level of competency of the participants. On a theoretical level, this thesis proposes a synthesis of user experience models in virtual environment and submit the foundations of a model that we call "physiological immersion"
Abbes, Souhir. "Tarification au coût marginal social des infrastructures et des services portuaires : modélisation et méthodologies d'estimation." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4011.
The transportation sector is one of the most involved sectors in environmental problems. Therefore, the European Commission advocate, in several papers (White Paper, 1998; Green Paper, 1997), to adopt the marginal social cost pricing taking into account both private (operational costs) and external costs (environmental, congestion and accident costs). The major motivations behind this pricing policy are to improve efficiency and to allow the sector to be developed in a sustainable way. Seaports are also concerned by this pricing approach. However, the economic theory doesn't offer all necessary tools to the evaluation of short-run marginal social costs in seaports. The purpose of this thesis is to palliate this theoretical gap. Thus, we propose theoretical and econometric models permitting to determine operational marginal costs as well as external marginal costs of accidents, atmospheric and noise pollution, and congestion costs in the seaport of Saint-Brieuc. We were based, in particular, on the models developed for the road transport (Jansson, 1994; Lamure, 1990) and on the assumptions commonly retained in port economics
Ohresser-Oppenhauser, Céline. "La conception préliminaire d’aménagement portuaire en milieux écologiquement sensibles." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/OHRESSER-OPPENHAUSER_Celine_2010.pdf.
Industrialized societies need to change some practices in order to make an answers to environmental changes. Also, the research aims to develop an appropriate answers to the challenges. The thesis focuses on necessary évolution of practices in landscape planning, and more specially for French Rhine port projects. Territory impacting by the project has the particularity to be both strategic for the economic’s development, and both strategic for the survival of local ecosystems. That’s why is interessed on actors capacities to re-engineer the system of project, be able to open the decision-making system. The hypothèses is that introduce gouvernance practices for environmental project, its a good way to be innovative in the search for solutions. The particulary of research is the approach : the planning project design is considering like a project system. Indeed, project system consists of relations and interrelations between actors. Each agent tries to realese his own benefit : - region's economic development is a goal to the local stakeholders project system ; - protect ecosystems is a goal to environment defenders. In fact, landscape planning is subject to conflicts between stakeholders, result comes from a compromise process. In mind, civil society, through the Community institutions, states, local communities, associations, projects into the defense of its environmental conditions and impact multiple scales. In form, the preservation of the environment resulted in the emergence of new legislative elements essential for the implementation of infrastructure projects. The thesis is built in response to a question from the manager of fluvialnetworks in France (VNF). VNF’s based on the paradox how to both develop alternative transport to the road, and both protect ecosystem river. The terrain of the study is that of port extensions on the Rhine in its French part, especially on alluvial ecosystems presented as the last in Europe. The Rhine is considering as an anthropo-ecological system, he is composed of subsystems, each one communicating and exchanging information only in terms of project. Originality of the research is twice : it considers the project as a system capable of évolution, it explores the relationship between ideals and objectives prebuilt solutions That’s why it proposes to focus the preliminary design stage, as a resource, consisting of Tools, to resolve conflicts between stakeholders and conflicting objectives. Specifically, the thesis was the proposal of a preliminary design process enriched the system development project, which determines the process of adding an additional stage project
Briant, Nicolas. "Devenir et biodisponibilité du Cu, Zn et TBT dans un environnement portuaire fortement contaminé : la marina de Port Camargue." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20120/document.
The Mediterranean coastal area, particularly harbors and marinas represent areas of high pollution associated with population density and activity. They are also places of refuge for many aquatic species. Preliminary studies have shown that sediments from Port Camargue subject to mandatory dredging, present an important level of copper and organotins (OTs) contamination which can affect aquatic ecosystems. In this context, the objectives of this thesis are to characterize the state of contamination in sediments and the water column, the impact of this contamination on target organisms, and identify the processes that control the dynamics of pollutants in the sedimentary column and sediment/water interface. To achieve the objectives, the study coupled in situ approach (core samples, sampling of interstitial water at the interface, caging deployment…) and a laboratory in vitro approach (sorption tests in microcosms). For this study the contamination of the sediment (particulate and dissolved phases) was performed in a first part. Secondly, the speciation of Cu, Zn and Mn as well as OSn in the harbor water was studied over a period of one year before dredging and for the six months during the dredging operations. The effects of contamination were also examined on bivalves (Ruditapes and Loripes) immersed in the water column. Finally, the copper isotopes as tracers of source of contamination were tested in this simple environment, since anthropogenic Cu comes mainly from antifouling paints. The entire study has provided insight into the future, the dynamic and bioavailability of pollutants present and past in a Mediterranean port environment heavily contaminated with Cu and OSn
Charrouf, Latifa. "Les problèmes d'ensablement des ports marocains sur la façade atlantique : leur impact sédimentologique sur le littoral." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112205.
The Moroccan ports of the Atlantic Ocean and notably those existing on the South of Cape Cantin, where the littoral drift from North to South varies from 250. 000 to 800. 000 m³/year, have important accretion problems. The majority of those structures have been studied on mobile bed physical models and were followed by a study of their sedimentary evolutions, done on location. After having summarized natural geological, meteorological, oceanographical and sedimentological phenomena along the shoreline this thesis paper provides comparations between the model predictions and on-site observations and illustrates the different perturbations that coastal structures can make on littoral sediment equilibrum. The examples show particularly the influence of various types of sedimentary evolutions, suchas : - coastal structures implantation depth ; - formation of sand spit and tombolos - sand accumulation around structures - evolution of bars - sediment transport created by the disposition of certain breakwaters. This paper also provides some solutions that will likely reduce the accretion problems faced and the sedimentological impact of coastal structures on the shoreline
El, Haji Mounia. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques des eaux de bassins et de leurs influences sur certains phénomène biologiques : cas du Port du Havre." Le Havre, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEHA0018.
Figueira, Lassance Patricia. "Approche de la dimension écologique des structures architecturales à Rio de Janeiro : contribution à une qualification environnementale de l'habitat urbain." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20070.
Bilodeau, Line. "Effets d'apports de fractions solides de lisier de porcs sur certaines propriétés physico-chimiques et biologiques liées à la qualité des sols." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26418/26418.pdf.
Beaudoin, Jean-Michel. "Étude comportementale de l'intérêt des porcs à l'engraissement envers des objets d'enrichissement et évaluation de l'utilisation d'une analyse automatisée basée sur des données d'accélérométrie comparativement à l'analyse vidéo." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27943.
Djembi-Koumba, Siméon. "Gestion de l'environnement, des risques et problèmes d'aménagement urbains de Port-Gentil au Gabon." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30097.
Port Gentil is an industrial and harbour town relatively young. After having been the principal way of penetration of the interior of the country during the fifteenth century, Mandji remained a long time the stronghold of wood before becoming the economic capital of Gabon thanks to and especially oil which covers more 70% of the receipt of Gabon. This industrialization involved flows of populations to meet the industrial requirements in labour. Thus, Port-Gentil ast since the years 1950, the second most populated city country, in spire of the natural conditions unfavorable to the installation of the men. The city thus developed of its site initial towards the marshy west and whose altitude of the grounds is very in lower part of the sea level. Blow, the populations are victims of the floods. In addition, the installation of industries along bay of the Cape-Lopez and especially the infrastructures oil (pipelines and gas pipelines) became spaces at the risks. Because, the current urban development largely crossed these limits. Beyond the fact that Port-Gentil always does not receive on behalf of the State the rebate which it deserves, the city is today confronted with the problems of floods, anarchistic urbanization, an insufficiency maintenance of the network cleansing, of pollution industrial, and especially of a coastal erosion. All these risks are responsible for morphodynamic urban, harm pubic health and obstruct extension continues urban fabric. The stablishment of the men and the management of environment of Port-Gentil thus imply the control of these instabilities. That implies an application of the plan; installation and cleansing, the protection of the emissary of urban drainage and, the rigorous management of waste
Barnier, Madeleine. "Hydrocarbures et acides gras présents dans les milieux marins "propres" : Méditerranée (site de Port-Cros), région subantarctique (îles Amsterdam et Saint Paul)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30038.
Rusch, Lucile. "Comportements de subsistance et environnements des Néandertaliens en Languedoc au Pléistocène supérieur : l’apport des grands mammifères de l’archéoséquence des Ramandils (Port-la-Nouvelle, Aude, France)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0041.
Ramandils Cave (Port-la-Nouvelle, Aude, France) records a long stratigraphic sequence correlated to the beginning of Late Pleistocene. Successive excavations have revealed Middle Palaeolithic levels, subdivided into 26 archaeostratigraphic units, recording evidence of Neanderthal occupations with human teeth, numerous Mousterian lithic industries, and various faunal remains reflecting intense human activities that occurred during several coastal Mediterranean occupations. This thesis work concerns the study of large mammals with as first goal to refine and complete the species list in order to observe faunal diversity. These variations allowed us to illustrate palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic fluctuations throughout the sequence, in accordance with palynological data. Moreover, the comparison of faunal associations with those of other Late Pleistocene sequences allowed us to refine chronological correlations of continental deposits between Marine Isotopic stages (MIS) 5b and 5a, in accordance with recent radiometric analyses. Secondly, the detailed taphonomic analysis aims to gain a better understanding deposit and preservation. Many natural factors affecting the material have been observed and various accumulating and modifying agents of large fauna have been highlighted. In particular, low impacts were attributed to carnivores with several criteria for using the site as cave hyena den. At last, an zooarchaeological approach allowed us to characterize subsistence behaviours of Neanderthal, groups in particular in regard to the acquisition and exploitation of meat food resources, site function and human occupation modalities. This analysis showed intense anthropogenic exploitation of ungulates throughout the sequence, related to butchery activities and the use of fire in carcass treatment process with a recurrence of Neanderthal occupations alternating with carnivores
Deprez, Samuel. "Évaluation des impacts environnementaux du transport routier de marchandises : application aux zones urbano-portuaires." Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0021.
Road freight has a major role in all cities but it actively contributes to the problems of air pollution and noise disturbances, both causing suffering city dwellers. So this research takes into account the activity and its implications upon the quality of life of the inhabitants of Le Havre and Rouen. The first part will reveal a solid link between the roles played by specific part of these cities and the organization of freight and underline the importance of specialized economic functions. The latter constitutes a necessary introduction to make an environmental impact study of this activity. This second part is dealt with through the constitution of indicators of sustainable development, derived from a combination of information about noise disturbance and air pollution. The use of theses indicators highlights situations in which city dwellers are exposed to harmful effects which degrade their health. The results of this study enable us to branch out towards the idea of sustainable city by examining trade flow in the project of the reinforcement of the multi-purpose city in its social and functional aspects as future organization for urban centers
Silva, Michelle Nascimento da. "Percepção de valor dos usuários sobre o território : estudo de caso no bairro Cidade Baixa em Porto Alegre - RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109022.
This research aim was to contribute to the knowledge about the perception of value on the territory in the neighborhood level. When investigating the city as a place of experiences, it is required an appreciation of its evolution over time and stories of its neighborhoods’ both from the urban environment point of view as in the social and cultural conditions of the population who lives on it. The city can be studied in its diversity of usages and users, as well as in the conflict and negotiations’ coexistence resulting from this plurality. The research focuses was the conflict between two groups of users, residents and traders from the Cidade Baixa neighborhood in Porto Alegre – RS, which resulted in efforts from the municipal public power to improve the conviviality between them, due the difficulty of reconcile the distinct interests which overlap. The purpose was to indentify and comprehend the characteristics from the two users groups in the way which they assign value and meaning to neighborhood they make use from. Based on that, I discuss the perception of value from both groups when committed in the neighborhood Cidade Baixa. The goal was to identify and understand the relation between the composition of personal values and values from both groups of users in relation to the neighborhood’s characteristics. The concept used originates especially from areas of environment – behavior and marketing. The research made use of the concept of territory and its derivations. The investigation was divided in three big stages, the first one had the purpose of understand the Cidade Baixa neighborhood’s and users context, as well as perform the selection of the users groups to be analyzed; in the second stage, data about perception of neighborhood and individual values from both studied groups were collected and analyzed; in the last stage, data about value perception from the groups of users were collected and analyzed, applying the data from the previous stages in the discussion and analysis. The main research’s contributions are related to the understanding and comparison of perception of value from the users groups in the neighborhood’s scope, the comparison from different analysis techniques and collected data, as well as the conceptual contributions about the concept of perceived values in the territory context: the neighborhood.
Ferdinand, Malcom. "Penser, l'écologie depuis le monde caribéen : Enjeux politiques et philosophiques de conflits écologiques (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Haïti, Porto Rico)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/FERDINAND_Malcom_1_va_20160930.pdf.
How can we conceptualize ecological issues from the Caribbean world? What are the specificities of an ecological thought from the postcolonial societies of the Caribbean? This thesis tackles these questions with an interdisciplinary approach. It starts with an historical investigation on the foundation of the colonial Caribbean world and its relations to humans and non-humans. It follows with a sociological study of contemporary ecological conflicts in the Caribbean. This includes an in-depth study of the political and philosophical issues of the contamination of Martinique and Guadeloupe with pesticides used in banana plantations, such as chlordecone. The analysis of the critical discourses and the collective mobilizations shows an ecological thought that challenges the colonial constitution of the Caribbean world: a decolonial ecology. Besides, a focus is put on certain ecological policies that exacerbate political discriminations and social inequalities, as in the case of certain reforestation projects in Haiti, or the Wildlife Refuge of Vieques in Puerto Rico. Finally, a literary study reveals how a global ecological discourse encounters an imaginary of slavery and its main figures, such as the slave ship and the Maroon, that structure relations to the land, to nature and to the world. These three approaches draw the main characteristics of a Caribbean ecology that strives to inhabit the earth and to found a world. These experiences enabled me to propose an ecological thought that has the world as the horizon: a world-ecology
Desvallées, Lise. "Problématisation, politisation et mesures de résorption des vulnérabilités énergétiques : entre droit à l’énergie et contrôle des pratiques des pauvres à Porto et à Barcelone." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1010.
50 million Europeans face financial difficulties to heat, cook or light their homes. Households in energy vulnerability either limit the use of these services because they do not have sufficient income, or devote a disproportionately large part of their overall budget to paying energy bills. European legislation requires Member States to establish policies for measuring and resolving the problem. This objective is complex because energy vulnerability is at the intersection of a set of factors covered by different sectoral policies: the pricing of energy, the energy efficiency of housing, and social assistance.This thesis studies the emergence of energy vulnerability in national and local public agendas with an urban political ecology framework. I conducted a comparative survey in two cities (Porto and Barcelona), where the issue is important and treated in different ways. I analyze the factors that combine to create situations of energy vulnerability in these cities and which turn them into public problems, through media, legislation and local innovations. Policy analysis is complemented by study of the concrete conditions of energy vulnerability as they are experienced by households which are in touch with social assistance agencies and charities.The main result of the thesis is that situations of energy vulnerability are politicized by both new actors and traditional players in energy governance. I show how civil society activism gives rise to a right to energy, which is not enshrined in national legislation and which, under the pressure of new social movements, becomes an imperative for local communities. I then analyze the diffusion of programs targeting vulnerable households, based on a model that aims at reducing consumption and therefore limiting the number of unpaid energy bills. This experimental and inexpensive model meets the interests of organizations from civil society, local communities, energy suppliers and the households themselves who were already reducing their expenses
David, Delcroix Valérie. "Dynamique des villes portuaires de la façade cantabrique : Avilés, Gijón, Santander, Bilbao et Pasajes." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30006.
The cantabrian coast streches from the rio eo to the bidassoa marking respectively the fronteer with galicia in the west and with the french basque region in the east. The cantabrian ports strech along these 700 kilometres of coast and are separated from the inland spain by the cantabrian cordillera. Along the centuries, these cities have organized and developped economic links with northern europeans cities. In the past, these trading ports concentrated on shipping, exporting mainly castillan wool. Little by little, they also started to take up mining, notably during the second half of the nineteenth century by exporting iron core to great britain. Nowadays, the cantabrian ports are wale equiped with essential assets which will enable them to take a leading role in the communication network and in the world of transport. The ports need to offer their customers links which will further traffic diversification. By developping links with other major ports on the atlantic coast they take on an active part in the will to create an european sphere of influence in the west at a time when eastern european countries are applying for membership of the european union. It is nevertheless important to acknoledge that as we are apporching the twenty first century the landscape around the cantabrian ports is scarred by a century of industrialisation. The now obsolete mining and chemical complexes are parts of the landscape. The rias cities and towns are faced with severe pollution problems. The central location of the industrial and coastal waste lands enables cities, notably the main ones like bilbao to undertake ambitions town planning. Smaller towns undertake smaller more specific projects. The interface between city and port witnesses this nex planning which aimq at improving communication and conviviality. Amongst the cantabrian ports bilbao has the largest industrial and coastal waste land. The nervion ria banks are the centre of ambitious projects. The ultimate ambition being to develop bilbao in order for it to become the most important trading port on the atlantic coast
Chabi, Moïse. "Métropolisation et dynamiques périurbaines : cas de l’espace urbain de Cotonou." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100166/document.
Metropolisation is one of the processes responsible for the spatial reconstruction in West Africa. This process is underpinned by for pillars that the found a metropolitan system. We come to identify an approach that allows as to understand the different movements between the center and the periphery.Insert Cotonou in the network of the famous cities is the wish of the Benin political actors. But the desire to city play an more important role in the West Africa region is not always in line with approach of managers and the level of the organization of the urban community. First the difficulties of man live and in an environment inhospitable at the beginning, but forced to bear a heavy load make man’s relation with his environment at the tense. As the environment is not controlled and well managed, is negatively affects the process of metropolisation. Second, the policy of local actors is characterized by carelessness and the lack of strategically thinking about the the future and the role of the pole of the metropolitan area. The analysis of the evolution of the urban policy shows there phases, but the perception of political actors on the city has remained constant since independence. On the economic angle, Benin city is dominated by the informal, which causes problems to everything which is official and determines the morphology of the metropolitan area. Although the architectural and functional changes are obvious, you wonder if this type of economy is an affective pillar. On the contrary, the on which is on social values, such as affection, is not negligible in the reconstruction of urban society. They influence the decision of actors, encouraging either to act in favour of the one country or to abandon it. Production by a variety of situations including the affects of an unhealthy environment, the analysis of the affection for Cotonou and is periphery shows that it is an important element of the city’s axis which promotes suburbanization. The balances of power between these have spatial effects. Responsible for the current state of the Benin metropolis, they determine its spatial configurations. Moreover, Cotonou seems to be in a phase of passive or ‘’incomplete metropolisation”, will the actors have or will they provide the means to meet the challenges for a full or active metropolisation ?
Guyot, Sylvain. "L'environnement contesté : la territorialisation des conflits environnementaux sur le littoral du Kwazulu-natal (Afrique du Sud : Kosi Bay, St Lucia, Richards Bay et Port Shepstone)." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363411.
Thang, Nguyen Toan. "L'extension artificielle des côtes vers le large et ses conséquences en droit international." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210990.
En ce qui concerne la pratique des États, la thèse explique, dans une première partie, que l'extension artificielle des côtes est destinée, tantôt, à protéger les côtes contre l'élévation du niveau de la mer, tantôt à gagner des terres pour diverses fins: habitat humain, agricoles, développement des ports et de leurs infrastructures pour les besoins des navires modernes et du commerce international. Mais parallèlement, cette extension entraîne des effets négatifs pour l'écosystème côtier (chapitre I). Des travaux de ce genre ont été menés, ou vont l'être, en Europe (Pays-Bas, Allemagne, Belgique, France, R.-U. etc), aux États-Unis, en Asie (Bahreïn, Malaisie, Hong Kong, Singapour, Japon), en Australie, et sur certains archipels du Pacifique (chapitre II).
La seconde partie de la thèse examine le droit applicable au phénomène d'extension artificielle des côtes. Sont ainsi passées en revue: les règles relatives à la navigation (chapitre III), les règles relatives aux lignes de base (chapitre IV), les règles relatives aux hauts-fonds découvrants (chapitre V), les règles relatives aux îles et aux rochers (chapitre VI) et enfin les règles relatives à la protection de l'environnement marin (chapitre VII).
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Couton, Marjorie. "High-throughput sequencing techniques for the detection and survey of marine non-indigenous species : a valuable addition to traditional methods ?" Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS039.
Early detection of non-indigenous species (NIS) at their points of introduction (e.g. ports) is crucial for effective management of these species. High-throughput-sequencing (HTS) techniques are promising for reducing costs and processing time. In this thesis, we focused on the sessile marine organisms of port biofouling. We first studied the taxonomic and genetic diversity of Botrylloides colonies using HTS; all six bioinformatics pipelines tested provided a relevant assessment of biodiversity, but with variable results for haplotype detection. The study of environmental DNA obtained in ten ports over two seasons then revealed that port communities are variable in time and space. The HTS data also detected many NIS without, however, identifying all the NIS observed by a traditional method. Finally, we studied the dispersion of sessile benthic NIS in natural habitats by means of experimental plates deployed inside and outside a port; the species were identified by metabarcoding and using morphological criteria. Port assemblages were, as expected, different from natural habitats, but most NIS were found in both types of habitats. Zooplankton metabarcoding of a two-year time series confirmed the presence of NIS at the larval stage, and thus their reproduction. Altogether, although with limitations, HTS techniques were found to be complementary to traditional methods, and relevant for detecting and studying NIS, notably in ports and nearby natural habitats
Merhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144/document.
Lebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Larivière-Gauthier, Guillaume. "Détection et caractérisation génétique de Listeria monocytogenes dans une usine d’abattage/découpe de porcs au Québec." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9933.
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a major public health concern as it was illustrated by the 2008 episodes in cheese and ready-to-eat meat. In Canada, there is currently no surveillance policy of this microorganism in the production steps preceding transformation of ready-to-eat products. The presence and the circulation of this microorganism in these environments is not well documented either. To describe these parameters, we sampled a Quebec slaughtering and cutting plant in the lairage pens and on representative areas of the slaughter process and cutting rooms after washing and disinfection, during a two-year period. A total of 874 samples were collected. Listeria detection followed the MFHPB-30 Health Canada standard method, serotype confirmation was obtained by PCR and isolates were characterized by Apa1 and Asc1 RFLP-PFGE genotyping. We reported detection of Listeria monocytogenes in all stages of production. Among the positive samples, 4 different serovars (mainly 1/2b) emerged. PFGE patterns showed presence of a variety of different genotypes in the lairage and slaughtering areas of the plant and the presence of a major type in the environment of the cutting room (type 1 representing 96.1% of the strains at this step). Furthermore, strains found at the lairage pens were related to strains in the cutting room. These results suggest that Listeria monocytogenes can enter the plant with the animals, contaminate further production steps and that some strains can be selected and their growth promoted in the environment. Hence, becoming predominant, persistant and a food safety issue.
Le, Borgne François. "La légitimité de l'État du port de contrôler la navigabilité des navires." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2431.
The legitimicy of Port State control is based on difficulties which ship owners, Flag States and classification societies meet in their control of security standards of ships. Further, the port State has imposed itself as a new maritime player based on different legal basis such as its Coastal States status, its recognition through international conventions and by the mechanisms put in place by regional Memorandums of Understanding. In the end, the impact of the Port State control can justify its advent. The measure of this impact is based on quantitative studies, on assessment of professionnal opinions and also on the analysis of the legal implications of this control in contracts of carriage by sea, charter- party, and contracts for the sale and purchase of vessels.
"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de maître en droit Option droit des affaires"
Brunet, Jean-Frédéric. "Rôle des facteurs physico-chimiques du micro-environnement intestinal et des boucles inter-hélicales du Domaine I dans l’activité de la toxine insecticide Cry9Ca du bacille de Thuringe." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4183.
Once ingested by susceptible insects, Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins must be activated by the insect’s intestinal proteases. Their first domain, a bundle of seven amphipathic -helices, is responsible for their insertion into the luminal membrane of midgut cells, thereby creating poorly selective pores. The toxicity and pore-forming ability of one such toxin, Cry9Ca, its single-site mutants, R164A and R164K, and of the 55-kDa fragment resulting from its proteolytic cleavage at residue 164 were investigated using a combination of homology modeling, bioassays, osmotic swelling experiments with Manduca sexta larval midgut brush border membrane vesicles and electrophysiological measurements on isolated midguts. Neither the single mutations nor the proteolytic cleavage altered Cry9Ca toxicity. In low ionic strength solutions however, pore formation was highly dependent on pH: increasing pH from 6.5 to 10.5 resulted in an irregular step-wise decrease in membrane permeabilization. All four toxin preparations nevertheless depolarized the apical membrane of freshly isolated midguts bathing in a solution containing 122 mM KCl at pH 10.5. The activity of Cry9Ca, R164A and R164K was greatly enhanced when the experiments were conducted in the presence of midgut juice, the lipids extracted from an equivalent volume of midgut juice or a cocktail of water-soluble protease inhibitors. Additionally, the role of the interhelical loops of Domain I in membrane insertion was investigated with Cry9Ca double mutants with mutations that either introduced, neutralized or reversed an electrical charge. All but three mutants retained a toxicity and a pore-forming ability that were comparable to those of their parental toxin. Overall, the results suggest that the midgut microenvironment contributes to minimizing the influence of surface charges carried by Domain I interhelical loop residues on B. thuringiensis toxins pore-forming ability. They also indicate that, depending on the cleavage site and on the experimental conditions used, further proteolysis of the activated Cry9Ca toxin can either stimulate or be detrimental to its activity and that M. sexta midgut juice probably contains protease inhibitors that could play a major role in the activity of B. thuringiensis toxins in the insect midgut.