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1
Li, Yuk-shing Kevin, and 李育成. "Urban poverty and poverty reduction programs in Bangkok and Shanghai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953153.
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Li, Yuk-shing Kevin. "Urban poverty and poverty reduction programs in Bangkok and Shanghai." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23457314.
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3
Olson, Garrett Kenneth. "Forests and farming an analysis of rural livelihood programs for poverty reduction in eastern Zambia /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06042007-102523/.
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4
Mbughi, Benjamin [Verfasser], and Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Tippelt. "Organization and management of community education programs as a strategy for poverty reduction in Tanzania / Benjamin Mbughi ; Betreuer: Rudolf Tippelt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1238016855/34.
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5
Driusso, Marcelo. "Estudo comparado entre os programas de transferência condicionada de renda no Brasil e México." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/84/84131/tde-31082012-115307/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A dissertação Estudo comparado entre os Programas de Transferência Condicionada de Renda no Brasil e no México tem como objetivo aprofundar o estudo dos dois principais programas desse tipo nos países citados a fim de identificar suas virtudes e limitações. Considerando que na América Latina os desafios para redução da pobreza e da desigualdade de renda continuam sendo enormes, com necessidade de ampla discussão entre sociedade civil e governos para superação dessas barreiras, os estudos desses programas na região têm o potencial de aprofundar o debate para aprimorá-los. As estimativas mais recentes sobre os níveis de pobreza e indigência para os países da América Latina continuam sendo alarmantes, apesar de haver constatações de melhoras significativas nos últimos anos. Dados publicados pela Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe da ONU (CEPAL) referentes a 2007 apontam que 184 milhões de pessoas da região, o que corresponde 34,1% da população, estão em situação de pobreza. Desde o final da década dos noventa, governos de países latino-americanos têm implantado Programas de Transferência Condicionada de Renda focados nas famílias pobres, com a justificativa de aliviar a pobreza no curto prazo por meio das transferências de renda e de combater a sua transmissão entre as gerações por meio de exigência de contrapartidas. Esta dissertação tem como foco principal o Programa Bolsa Família no Brasil e o PROGRESA/Oportunidades no México, os quais são os dois maiores programas desse tipo no mundo, buscando avaliar seus efeitos positivos e também suas limitações.The dissertation A Comparative Study of the Conditioned Income Transfer Programs in Brazil and Mexico aims to carry out a profound study of the two main income transfer programs in the mentioned countries in order to identify its benefits and limitations. Considering that in Latin America the challenges to reduce poverty and inequality are still enormous, presenting the necessity of an ample discussion between the civil society and governments to overcome them, the study of such regional programs have the potential to deepen the debate in order to improve such programs. The most recent estimates on the levels of poverty and indigence in Latin America are still very alarming, although there has been some significant improvement in the past years. Data from 2007 published by CEPAL (United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) point that 184 million people in the region are dwelling within poverty levels. Since the end of the 1990s, the Latin American governments have been implementing Conditioned Income Transfer Programs focused on poor families, in order to alleviate poverty in the short term through income transfers and fight against its dissemination throughout generations by demanding the fulfillment of certain conditions. This dissertation has focused on the Bolsa Família Program in Brazil and PROGRESA/Oportunidades in Mexico, which are the two most significant programs of such kind in the world, aiming to evaluate their positive effects as well as their limitations.
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Sharif, Iffath Anwar. "Social interactions, election goals and poverty reduction : evidence from an anti-poverty program in Sri Lanka." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1847/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis evaluates the targeting strategy and impact on household welfare of two of the largest components of the Samurdhi welfare program in Sri Lanka - the food stamp and microfinance programs. Combining national level household data with data on the voting patterns of the 1994 parliamentary elections, the thesis shows that households who are more likely to vote for the ruling party are also more likely to receive food stamps. This "political effect" also leads to a significant percentage of the benefits from Samurdhi being allocated to non-poor households, even though the allocations to districts are broadly pro-poor. In terms of the microfinance program, the thesis shows that households form credit groups on their own if they reside in villages that are religiously homogeneous, and therefore more likely to be socially cohesive. Loan officers can play an important role in forming credit groups in villages that are religiously diverse and among migrant households who live in government settlements, thereby increasing program coverage in these areas. The analysis in this thesis shows that both the individual and joint impact of the food stamp and microfinance interventions are significantly positive for the per capita food consumption of the "average" household. However, the increase in per capita total expenditure is only significant for participants of the microfinance program. The results also show that the Samurdhi microfinance program leads to a large and highly significant impact on food consumption for the poorest households, whereas the food stamp program has a positive impact on the total expenditure and not on food consumption. Both interventions have a larger and a more significant impact on the total expenditure of the poorest compared to better off households. The policy suggestions relate to improving the pro-poor targeting of Samurdhi food stamp and micro-finance interventions in order to maximize their poverty impact.
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M'Bayia, Caliste Claude. "System thinking approach to economic growth and poverty reduction in Cote d'Ivoire." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106233.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 96-99).
The present thesis work aims to propose a pathway to a sustainable economic growth and a fast reduction of poverty in Cote d'Ivoire. Poverty is a major social phenomenon that affects more than 50% of the world's population. In Cote d'Ivoire, 49% of the population is living under the poverty line with less than $1.25 a day, and the country is struggling to lift them out of poverty. But poverty is a complex issue to tackle. One solution, which most experts now agree on, consists in enhancing prosperity through the implementation of economic growth policies. The question this research aims to address is to know what specific growth policies would best suit to the social, economical, cultural and environmental situation of Cote d'Ivoire. The main lesson is that Cote d'Ivoire should focus on the development of its agricultural sector and build an agriculture innovation system that will foster the transfer of knowledge and the adoption of new technologies especially in the country's rural areas. This thesis work is original in that it uses systems thinking approach and systems engineering concepts and tools, to address the issues of economic growth and poverty reduction. By doing so, it brings new insights that increase the chances of success of the National Development Plan of Cote d'Ivoire and therefore contributes to the materialization of the country's ambition to become an emerging nation by 2020.
by Caliste Claude M'Bayia.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Lujabe, Busisiwe. "The impact of poverty reduction programmes in King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019721.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study focuses on investigating the impact of poverty reduction programmes in improving the quality of lives of the people in the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality, in relation to interventions that have been implemented by the South African government to address poverty. The purpose of the study is to understand the situation in King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality and come up with recommendations that will assist government to enhance delivery of poverty reduction programmes in order to improve the quality of life of the rural poor in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality. The research methodology for this study is descriptive, sourced from available literature. Due to the restricted extent of the research, no empirical survey is conducted. A number of normative criteria that deal with the research problem are identified from the available literature from which findings are drawn and recommendations made. The findings of the study show that; whilst significant progress has been made to address poverty through policy and legal frameworks and through implementation of poverty reduction strategies and programmes, there is a general consensus in literature that poverty is still widespread in South Africa and that activities put in place to reduce and eradicate it are not sufficiently translating into required outputs necessary for desired outcomes which ultimately impact on poverty. The study has identified the gaps that exist in service delivery as well as the challenges faced by government in effectively impacting on poverty through its poverty reduction programmes. Based on the findings the study has made recommendations that will assist government to enhance service delivery so that poverty reduction programmes are conducted in an effective and efficient, integrated and coordinated manner which will cause government to achieve its desired outcomes.
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Satumba, Takunda. "Evaluating the impact of social grants and the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) on poverty reduction in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magister Commercii - MComGiven that poverty has remained one of the biggest challenges facing South Africa, an in-depth understanding of the poverty reduction measures implemented by government is necessary. It is important to understand the efficacy of these social protection programmes as huge amounts of government spending is allocated towards it. This paper analyses the impact of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) and social grants as some of the social protection measures implemented by the South African government. Literature reviewed in this paper reveals that these anti-poverty measures have contributed significantly towards the reduction of poverty levels in South Africa. The study analyses each social protection measure and uses the Income and Expenditure Survey data (2010/11) and EPWP phase 1 national data to analyse social grants and EPWP respectively. The income decomposition technique is used to analyse household income and the results of the impact of social grants on poverty are presented using the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke indices. However, only the results of the prevalence of poverty (headcount) are explained in this study. The results show that social grants have significantly reduced poverty levels in areas with high poverty rates such as the Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces, amongst the African population, in female-headed households, and in rural areas. For EPWP, an estimate of the impact on poverty is done by assessing the number of poor participants who were involved in the programme. Also, the duration of the project is determined and the results indicate that most projects were short lived and did not ensure a consistent provision of income for the participants. Furthermore, the Ordinary Least Squares regression model is used to analyse how expenditure allocation for the programme affects work opportunities produced. Such an investigation is done based on the different sectors in which projects are implemented as well as provincial distributions.
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Barnett, Theodore Michael. "The distribution and program design of the IMF's poverty reduction and growth facility." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2010. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/2181918.
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Dhungel, Shashi. "Resource Regeneration and Poverty Reduction: Striking a Balance through a Contemporary Community-Based Forestry Program." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674101131&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008."Department of Forestry." Keywords: Community-based forest management, Conflict, Leasehold forestry and livestock program, Nepal, Resource regeneration, Social capital. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-108). Also available online.
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Rugema, Michelle. "The contribution of pro-poor growth programmes to poverty reduction in Rwanda : a case study of the Girinka Programme in rural Rwanda." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13744.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the contribution of the Girinka Programme, a pro-poor growth programme in Rwanda, to poverty reduction. Recent studies have placed increasing emphasis on the contribution of pro-poor growth to poverty reduction and have argued that pro-poor growth has the potential to reduce poverty more effectively than economic growth. Poverty, for this study, is measured based on the following indicators of poverty derived from the United Nations (1998) definition of poverty: nutrition, access to health care services, access to water, education, and access to credit. Income or the lack thereof, is not the sole determinant of poverty, and is not “the sum total of human life” (United Nations Development Programme, 1990), therefore relying solely on quantitative measurements of poverty that are based on income can paint an incomplete picture of the reality on the ground. Therefore, since poverty is multidimensional, this study uses a multidimensional approach to its analysis and goes beyond the quantitative aspects of poverty. Qualitative research methods were used for this study, and fieldwork was conducted in Kayonza District, located in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. In-depth interviews were held with beneficiaries and prospective beneficiaries of the Girinka Programme in order to determine the programme’s contribution to a meaningful reduction in poverty. In addition, interviews were held with Girinka local and national programme officials. Secondary data in the form of programme documents was also collected, reviewed and analysed.
13
Yologlu, Ali Cenap. "A Critical Evaluation Of Enabling Strategies Toward Poverty Reduction: The Case Of Conditional Cash Transfer Program In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605477/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study is to investigate enabling strategies toward poverty reduction under the broader concept of empowerment through participation. It is believed that such a strategy would decrease the cost of social policies by redefining the problem of poverty as an individual problem rather than a structural one rooted in social and economic policies. By following this reasoning, the main aim is defined as reducing the number of poor instead of poverty itself as a part of wider policies. Within this framework, the central government of Turkey has prepared a project to the World Bank called Social Risk Mitigation Project. Vast number of people has applied to Social Solidarity Fund to benefit form this scheme. In the thesis, the information given by the applicants is evaluated to assess various dimensions of poverty experienced by the applicants, including education, employment, income, and household structure. It is found out that despite the heterogeneity of the poverty experiences across different social groups and geographical regions, there are also common experiences such as wide spread lack of social security among all groups. It is also striking that there are relatively well-educated household head that applied to the scheme. This is the worrying given the fact that one of the main objectives of the scheme is to solve poverty problem by increasing the education level of the targeted poor population.
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Hopkins, Erica. "Family Self-Sufficiency Program in Los Angeles County and Reduction in Welfare Dependency." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7662.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This quantitative study explored the impact of the Family Self-Sufficiency (FSS) program on welfare dependency over time, by evaluating participant income 5 years after completing the FSS program. The study was guided using the framework of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, which initiated welfare reform in an effort to decrease dependency on government assistance; and the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act, the law that initiated Public housing reform by reducing the high concentration of poverty. The research question examined whether the FSS Program in Los Angeles County reduced dependency on welfare overtime. The sample size for this study included 256 participants who received housing assistance payments from the Los Angeles County Housing Authority between 2010 and 2019. The results of this study demonstrate that Los Angeles County FSS program graduates are indeed, self-sufficient over time, thus reducing dependency on welfare. Implications for positive social change imply that cities across the nation could experience a decrease in poverty while benefiting from increased tax revenue resulting from higher employment rates. Working adults tend to be less prone to crime if they are making decent wages that can provide for their family.
15
Si, Wei. "Education and Earnings for Poverty Reduction : Short-Term Evidence of Pro-Poor Growth from the Mexican Oportunidades Program." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-6399.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Education, as an indispensable component of human capital, has been acknowledged to play a critical role in economic growth, which is theoretically elaborated by human capital theory and empirically confirmed by evidence from different parts of the world. The educational impact on growth is especially valuable and meaningful when it is for the sake of poverty reduction and pro-poorness of growth. The paper re-explores the precious link between human capital development and poverty reduction by investigating the causal effect of education accumulation on earnings enhancement for anti-poverty and pro-poor growth. The analysis takes the evidence from a well-known conditional cash transfer (CCT) program — Oportunidades in Mexico. Aiming at alleviating poverty and promoting a better future by investing in human capital for children and youth in poverty, this CCT program has been recognized producing significant outcomes. The study investigates a short-term impact of education on earnings of the economically disadvantaged youth, taking the data of both the program’s treated and untreated youth from urban areas in Mexico from 2002 to 2004. Two econometric techniques, i.e. difference-in-differences and difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach are applied for estimation. The empirical analysis first identifies that youth who under the program’s schooling intervention possess an advantage in educational attainment over their non-intervention peers; with this identification of education discrepancy as a prerequisite, further results then present that earnings of the education advantaged youth increase at a higher rate about 20 percent than earnings of their education disadvantaged peers over the two years. This result indicates a confirmation that education accumulation for the economically disadvantaged young has a positive impact on their earnings enhancement and thus inferring a contribution to poverty reduction and pro-poorness of growth.
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Appelquist, Hanna, and Therése Björkman. "Getting one step ahead in life. A study of an adult literacy programme in Northern Malawi." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19973.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to study the connection between literacy and development and poverty reduction in a third world country. The study is based on Mothers’ Union Literacy and Development Programme (MULDP) in Malawi, where it examines what difference literacy makes in the learners of MULDPs lives and what meaning literacy has for them. The results found in the study are analysed with a theoretical framework that is built on Freire’s theory of ‘conscientization’ and the concepts of functional literacy and functional illiteracy. The method chosen is unstructured focus group interviews with the learners of MULDP and the findings were classified into themes through meanings condensation and thereafter compared with the theoretical framework. The results show that the effects of literacy are visual in both the personal and public sphere, changing the lives of the individual, the family and the community. The findings illustrate that literacy is both a tool and a social practice. Literacy itself does not develop the learners; it is the knowledge that comes with the social practice that is the trigger to development. This study concludes that literacy is developing the learners as human beings. A connection can, however, not be made between literacy and poverty reduction; literacy cannot on its own take the learners out of poverty because other means are also needed.
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Duncan, Sarah. "Food security and poverty reduction programmes: the experience of female headed households in a Cape Town community." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24495.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Living in impoverished urban areas, female headed households are most vulnerable to food insecurity. In order to reduce the risk and abate the experience of household food insecurity, civil society (NGO) and government have established numerous poverty reduction programmes and initiatives. However, in spite of ongoing efforts, the proportion of South African households experiencing food insecurity has not decreased but rather plateaued (SANHANES-1, Shisana et al, 2013). In order to address this plateau, the research has answered the question - how do food insecure female headed households experience the contributions of poverty reduction programmes in meeting their food security needs? The purpose of the study has been to add to relevant literature, with the aim of describing what food insecure households consider the contribution of poverty reduction programmes to be in meeting their food security needs. The research had four objectives - to describe (1) what food insecure households believe food in/security is, (2) how food insecure households experience food insecurity, (3) the characteristics of effective poverty reduction programmes from the perspective of food insecure households, and (4) the characteristics of ineffective poverty reduction programmes from the perspective of food insecure households. A descriptive qualitative methodology was used with data gathered through the methods of Photovoice with photo-elicitation interviews, semi-structured interviews, collage, observation field notes and a self-constructed questionnaire. The research participants, five female heads of households, were purposively sampled from a low-income Cape Town community. The research found that participant's food insecurity could not be separated from their lived experience of poverty. Making use of and influenced by Internal and External Drivers, participants were found to actively engage their living conditions with the use of social networks to be of particular importance. Participants experienced the contributions of programmes as 'half a help'. While programmes did help the participants and their households, that help served to only sustain rather than uplift them out of poverty and towards food security. If the plateau is to be addressed, then this study has argued that local programmes need to better engage their users and join with other multi-scale actors to form integrated poverty reduction programmes which offer more comprehensive, collaborative and dynamic approaches to the realization of household food security in South Africa.
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Bayti, Thelma Thokozile. "The link between economic development programmes (RDP & GEAR) and poverty reduction : (Airport Valley as an illustrative case)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/921.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The key debates after apartheid have been on the successes and shortcomings of the social and economic policies that were adopted after apartheid. The ANC government decided to approach poverty reduction by closing the inequality gap between racial groups in the country. It planned to provide services that would improve the poor people’s lives and also create employment to sustain development. To provide the necessary services, the government formulated two broad, but linked macroeconomic policies namely: the RDP and GEAR which focused on the demand and supply side respectively (Venter and Landsberg (2006). This indicated the importance with which the people’s welfare and growth were regarded by the South African government. It indicated that the government believed in pro-poor growth. The purpose of this study was to gain better and deeper understanding about poverty reduction since the 1994 political transition, from the poor people of Airport Valley (in the Nelson Mandela Metropolital Municipality), who experience poverty from the real world. The study attempted to find out from these people if there was improvement in their lives since democratisation. This qualitative and quantitative study used three methods of collecting data namely: a questionnaire, interviews and observation. The results of the study suggest that there has been lack of commitment by RDP and GEAR, as the conditions under which the people live and therefore their standard of living have not improved. The study recommends that the government should speed up the process of service delivery at Airport Valley and also include the people in decision making about the future of Airport Valley.
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Hartwell, Leon. "The international political economy of structural adjustment programmes and poverty reduction strategy papers in Africa : a comparative analysis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study focuses on the debtor-creditor relationship between African states and the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). More specifically, it makes use of ‘post-positivist’ approaches as analytical tools and it compares the controversial Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) with so-called ‘post-SAPs’ in order to establish whether the latter debt relief strategies are an improvement on the former. Post-SAPs include, amongst others, the Enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative (HIPC II) and Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Jointly, the post-SAPs initiatives aim to make debt more sustainable, boost social spending and reduce poverty. The PRSP initiative in particular was full of promise (at least initially), as it entailed that debtors would rightfully be given the scope to create their own developmental strategies and that a blanket approach to development would be abandoned. Upon closer inspection the PRSP initiative is disappointing. The process itself is predetermined and there are additional IFI mechanisms (with traditional SAPs conditionalities) that should be read alongside this initiative. As the Great Recession starting in 2007 unfolded, the IFIs tended to stress the success and ‘resilience’ of HIPC II and PRSP countries. However, this study argues that supposed achievements are somewhat artificial and one needs to remain cautious about its long-term impacts. African economies experienced high economic growth rates in recent years, not because of World Bank and IMF endorsed policies, but because of debt relief and a commodity boom in the 2000s. The IFIs have not done anything to forge the developmental state in Africa. Several HIPC II and PRSP graduates are already starting to show signs of debt distress. Thus, there is a need to seriously rethink the roles of the World Bank and IMF in Africa. This study recommends that true adherence to the PRSP approach could be a first step to empower African states, and it calls for the establishment of an independent mechanism that will hold debtors and the IFIs accountable for unsustainable debt.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Political Sciences
unrestricted
20
Aluko, Timothy Olaniyi. "The effectiveness of microfinance program on job creation and poverty reduction : the case of South Africa Microfinance Apex Fund (SAMAF)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95676.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.The efforts of government in creating jobs and eradicating poverty in developing countries have received major attention among policy makers and operators of microfinance in the last one decade. One of such efforts is the establishment of a microfinance program known as South Africa Microfinance Apex fund (samaf) by South African government. Samaf was established in 2006 with the aims and objective to provide micro loan and credit to poor people living in peri-uban and rural areas of South Africa. This was brought about as a result of a gap created by major financial institutions that are neither available nor operating in such rural and remote areas. This research attempts to explore the effectiveness of samaf on job creation and poverty reduction as mandated by its aims and objective. The study was a case study, and data analysis mainly used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to analyze the quantitative data that was collected in the research field. Findings from the study reveal that samaf was effective in terms of number of jobs creation. Also, it was found that there was an improvement in the life styles of beneficiaries than before they took samaf loan. However, samaf itself do have its shortcoming in term of quick delivery of funds to the MFIs. The study further discovered that, majority of samaf MFIs are not willing to expand their operations into informal settlement areas because of two reasons. First, majority of people living in such areas are considered vulnerable because due to the possibility non repayment of loans as they live in abject poverty. Secondly, majority do not have a fixed or permanent address which makes it difficult for MFIs to trace them. Based on the observation above, samaf will need a guiding and better strategy in terms of its delivery as there is none currently. This is necessary if it plans to achieve its aims and objectives and delivers on its mandate.
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Mapiye, Marceline. "Livelihoods after land reform resettlement programme : a critical appraisal of the Nyahukwe resettled farmers, Rusape, Zimbabwe." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4931.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Across the globe, land reform has become a key strategy for improving people’s livelihoods aimed at reducing poverty and increasing food security for resilient livelihoods. In sub-Saharan Africa, redistributive land reform has been implemented since the post-colonial period as a developmental approach. Since independence, Zimbabwe implemented two forms of land reform programmes which are the Land Reform and Resettlement Programme (LRRP) (1980-1997) and the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) (2000). The LRRP was based on the willing buyer willing seller approach with the state buying land for redistribution, while the FTLRP emerged from the chaotic and sporadic invasion of white owned commercial farms led by liberation war veterans and other politically affiliated people. In this thesis, I will focus on the LRRP which provided small farming land to many beneficiaries to ensure sustainable livelihoods. Land is an important livelihood source for the people of Zimbabwe, but on its own it cannot sustain the living standards of resettled farmers. Contemporary literature shows the catastrophic failure of land reform in Zimbabwe. Despite all the problems, land still remains the spring board of livelihoods in Zimbabwe. There is, however, less empirical research undertaken to assess how the LRRP has benefited and enhanced livelihoods of resettled farmers. This research will assess how the LRRP improved the livelihoods of Nyahukwe resettled farmers in Rusape, Zimbabwe. The study’s investigation will focus and add literature on how LRRP has been successful in empowering resettled farmers to enhance their livelihoods, to be more food secure as well as to improve their well-being. Using qualitative research methods, the research aimed to assess the livelihoods of farmers since they resettled. In particular, assessing the assets and capital available and how the farmers have been able to cope, strategies implemented to diversify their livelihoods and the outcomes achieved. The Sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) was used as a theoretical framework to assess the new livelihoods patterns established after resettlement. Purposive non-random sampling was employed to interview 3 Nyahukwe government officials such as the extension managers, Environmental health officer and Veterinary officer. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 30 participants from Village F. A focus group 10 - 15 purposefully selected farmers was conducted. Data analysis was performed on the narrative and information from interviews, focus groups and questionnaires conducted during data collection. The findings show that land reform has enhanced the livelihoods of farmers since they were resettled as they reckon food selfsufficiency and better well-being. The research findings also illustrate that land remain the livelihood base of Nyahukwe farmers although they have adopted coping strategies to expand income generation. Coping strategies are farm and off farm activities that have diversified the farmers’ livelihoods through the interaction of assets. Land as a natural asset has been used with human, physical, financial and social capital to sustain the farmers. The findings revealed positive livelihood outcomes by assessing the assets before and after resettlement and outcomes achieved after adopting strategies as all farmers have increased income, self-sufficiency and improved well-being.
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Ara, Jinnat. "Uplifting the ultra poor through transfer program: Evidence from Bangladesh." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/212723/1/Jinnat_Ara_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis focuses on the effects of a targeted transfer program on social, economic and behavioural outcomes of the rural ultra-poor in Bangladesh. In a unique contribution, this thesis combines secondary data from a large scale randomized controlled trial with primary experimental data. Using rigorous econometric methods, the research provides the first-of-its-kind causal evidence that the transfer to ultra-poor women improves their children’s occupational and educational outcomes in the long-run, and promotes patience, risk-tolerance and socio-economic empowerment among the women. This work highlights that a targeted anti-poverty intervention may confer far-reaching behavioural, social and labour market benefits, with significant policy implications.
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Ericsson, Anna. "Water Availability and Distribution in Africa : Effects of the IFAD irrigation scheme in Kiru Valley, Tanzania." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1286.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The case study was made in the area of Kiru Valley, Tanzania, in order to study the conflicts over the water in the river Dodumera, and also to understand how the villages Mawemairo, Matufa and Mapea have been affected by the construction of the IFAD irrigation scheme. The aim was to connect the conflicts in the area with a general view of how water can create such conflicts. The method used in the case study was semi-structured interviews. The results from the interviews made with farmers and officials in Kiru Valley was analysed through general theories about water conflicts and theories about governing common-pool resources, such as Ostrom’s eight principles and the theory the Tragedy of the Commons. The analysis was also made through the IFAD poverty reduction strategy programme (PRSP). The conclusion made on the basis of this analysis was that the IFAD project, in Kiru Valley, was in correlation with the PRSP and an attempt to reduce poverty in the two villages Mawemairo and Matufa. The project has been very successful and has contributed to an increase of livelihood and development in the villages. However, the scheme has also affected other villages, such as Mapea. The scheme has contributed to a decrease of water availability in the Dodumera River for Mapea. Nowadays they only rely on rain-fed irrigation. The conflicts have been affected by the scheme, not so much in the quantity of the conflicts but more in the target of the conflicts. Before the construction of the scheme the conflicts was directed at the big-scale farmers, now they are directed at the scheme. On the other hand, the scheme has helped reducing the conflicts between the farmers in Mawemairo and Matufa. There are solutions to conflicts and water scarcity, such as more efficient irrigation techniques and Ostrom’s principles on governing the common-pool resources.
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Kwayu, Emmanuel Jonas. "The potential of agro-ecosystems payments for ecosystem services to provide ecosystem services and poverty reduction in developing countries : a case study of the EPWS program in Tanzania." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15716/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates the effectiveness of agro-ecosystem based PES programs to provide ecosystem services and achieve poverty reduction. A case study from Tanzania known as the “equitable payments for watershed services (EPWS) program” piloted between 2008 and 2012 in Morogoro region has been used as the basis for an in-depth empirical study of an agro-ecosystem based PES program. The case-study approach has combined mixed methods quasi experimental research design and propensity score matching technique to prioritise attribution of the livelihood and environmental outcomes of the intervention, which remain under-utilized in evaluation of conservation interventions. The thesis findings provide insights that while the poor can participate in agro-ecosystem PES programs, their participation can be hindered by initial investment costs of inputs such as on manure, improved seeds, hoes and spades. Farm size, farmers’ access to information, participation in the design phase, and the change in farm management required by the program are significant determinants of program participation. Also, while PES payments contribute to local livelihoods, the indirect financial and non-financial benefits provide greatest contributions to livelihoods. In relation to additionality impact, program participation increases the number of sustainable land management practices and land under agro-forestry and reforestation amongst program participants. Furthermore, expected benefits such as crop yields from constructed terraces and manure, fire wood and timber products from agro-forestry and afforestation interventions are likely to increase the life span of the practices. The design of agro-ecosystem PES programs should include upfront payments in addition to other incentives which should be made timely in phases to ensure compliance. Local training and paraprofessional, external training and both enhancement of local formal and informal rules are essential to enhance the adoption of practices and to stop illegal activities such as forest reserve encroachment, illegal logging and fire.
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Islam, Mohammed Mehrul. "An analysis of the role of extension methodology on poverty reduction : a comparative study of aquaculture extension programmes in the Northwest Fisheries Extension Project (NFEP) command area, Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/29559.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current deficiencies of extension interventions in aquaculture in Bangladesh, in particular, in the North-west have been examined. The importance of the inclusion of a social dimension in development interventions has been reviewed. Aquaculture, extension, social development and poverty are defined in the context of the study and a model of their interactions is proposed and used to elucidate the role of aquaculture in poverty reduction. Research questions were generated to examine the contention that ‘Aquaculture Extension Approaches that fail to substantially address social development will lead to no more than a superficial reduction of poverty’. The study approach chosen was comparative case study (the first use of its' kind in this context). Within the study, communities representing four different aquaculture extension approaches and a, null-case, control were selected and then engaged in the research process. The findings that emerged from the study were matched and linked to the proposed model to establish patterns and linkages between aquaculture and poverty; extension and aquaculture; aquaculture and social development; social development and poverty; extension and poverty. The study suggests that all these aspects go hand in hand within communities, and that it is the degree of marginalisation that defines the success of any intervention as much as the intervention approach itself. The study indicates that aquaculture could be an entry point for a poverty alleviation strategy but the inclusion of a social dimension, together with the chosen technical intervention, is essential in achieving higher impacts on a sustainable basis. A number of recommendations for greater poverty impact through aquaculture intervention as an entry point are put forward, including the targeting of women as well as men, emphasise a learning approach, and the building of networks through forming community producers groups, fish clubs, Fry Traders and fingerling producers groups.
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Eduah, Gregory. "The Impact of the World Bank’s SAP and PRSP on Ghana: Neoliberal and Civil Society Participation Perspectives." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ghana’s government implemented the following World Bank programmes: SAP and PRSP. This thesis shows that SAP and PRSP have impacted Ghana in different ways. Sometimes SAP and PRSP worked. Other times both SAP and PRSP had problems and they did not work. SAP created more negative impacts or problems in Ghana than PRSP. The influence of neoliberalism on Ghana’s SAP cannot be ignored. This is because the tenets of neoliberalism include the withdrawal of government subsidies, high productivity, the cutting down of government expenditures or spending and privatization. The withdrawal of government subsidy was seen in the Education and Health sectors of Ghana. In the Education sector under SAP, the government cut down its subsidy to the Ghana Education Service. Then it introduced a programme called “Cost Sharing” in which students and their parents were asked to contribute to the payment of expenditures in providing education in Ghana. Many parents could not afford it, and this led to many school dropouts and a gap in the education of boys and girls. In the health sector, the Ghanaian government cut down its subsidy under SAP. It introduced the “Cash and Carry System,” in which Ghanaians were asked to contribute to the cost of health delivery services. This became a problem for many. Healthcare services became inaccessible for many Ghanaians as well. In the manufacturing sector, under SAP, the rate of productivity fell. Ghana’s products in the world market experienced volatility or fluctuations in prices. In the mining sector the influence of neoliberalism was on privatization. Based on this principle, the government privatized Ghana’s mining sector. It put in place policies that attracted investments into Ghana to do mining. These mining activities contributed significantly to Ghana’s economy. But these mining activities also caused the problem of dislocation of people, loss of farmlands, along with environmental and health problems. SAP had more negative impacts on Ghana. PRSP also impacted Ghana because it attempted to address the problems SAP created in many sectors, including Education, Health, mining, manufacturing sectors. I conclude by saying that although SAP made some contributions to Ghana’s economy especially in the mining sector, it created more problems in the Education, Health, Mining and Manufacturing sectors. PRSP attempted to address them. Thus it cannot be said that both SAP and PRSP impacted Ghana equally in a more positive way. But rather it can said that (1) SAP created more problems in Ghana and PRSP on the other hand attempted to address them.(2)The later developments taking place indicate that the civil society participation in PRSP is having an impact in Ghana.
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Neumannová, Lucie. "Politika rozvojové spolupráce Světové banky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197228.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master thesis deals with functioning and development policy of the World Bank. The main objective is to summarize the Bank's strategies applied during the several decades of its existence and evaluate selected tools that organization uses in the fight against poverty.
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Ferreira, Luiz Antonio. "BOLSA FAMÍLIA: IMPORTANTE DETERMINANTE PARA A EDUCAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO SOCIOECONÔMICO DO BRASIL." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2012. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/975.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-29This study approaches a new and unexplored subject, the Brazilian Family Aid Program. Bibliography practically does not exist and academic entities seldom discuss the subject because it is still under development. References are found in lectures, newspapers and magazine articles. This is an exploratory and analytical search, approaching evidence basis and sources. The Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) is a Brazilian Family Aid Program granted under conditionality rules. It can be considered a unique tool for income distribution, working towards an effective solution for families surviving under extreme poverty. The program started by the merger of three other poverty aid programs of dubious effectiveness Scholarship Aid, Cooking Gas Aid and Food Card. The PBF benefits families surviving under poverty conditions, with R$ 70 to R$ 140 monthly of per capita income and under extreme poverty conditions, below R$ 70 monthly of per capita income. Also, the PBF establishes conditional participation rules associated to education and health prevention for children. Presently the PBF supports 13 million families that fit rules and are enrolled in the Cadastro Único (Central Control Registration Roll). That registration roll practically covers the totality of the population under poverty situation line as defined by PNAD - 2006 (National Household Survey - 2006).The PBF control methodology allows income transfer to regions left under poverty conditions in past history. The PBF formed a new consumer community, new entrepreneurs, moreover, attracted investors. In regard to education there is reduction in illiteracy. The Human Development Index (HDI) shows vegetative growth, Brazil is the 84th country ranked among the 187 nations controlled by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2011. The dimensions that compose the index for Brazil had poor growth lately, in particular the expected years of schooling for children at school enrollment age (in Brazil, 6 years old) declined during the last decade (2000-2010). It is likely that there is a structural issue with the Brazilian education sector. There is a socio-economic growth in regions where poverty has been endemic, in particular Northeast Region. The findings also reveal migration reversal that in past were North/Northeast Regions to Southeast Region as well as fecundity rate reduction, which are remarkable advantages. Brazil entered into the demographic bonus , a situation when the economically active population exceeds the dependent population , this is also an advantage because attracts investments and is a push towards economic growth. Despite of positive improvements, they appear to be insufficient, the human development in Brazil is far from excellence, presently a HDI of 0,718, with a growth of 0,769% annually (2000-2010) it will take 35/36 years to meet the Australian HDI of 0,943%. Unless chances help us, dreams to join the winners are unlikely. The Programa Bolsa Família , however, proves to be a social front towards inequality; the participants of the plan, originally classified under poverty line were rescued.
Esta dissertação trata de um tema relativamente novo, com literatura escassa, praticamente sem estudos teóricos que o abordem. Referenciais são encontrados em publicações feitas em seminários e palestras bem como em artigos e notas jornalísticas. Esta dissertação se trata de trabalho exploratório, analítico descritivo com base documental. O Programa Bolsa Família, tema central deste trabalho, é uma ferramenta para distribuição de renda que funciona de forma simples e tem sido efetiva para o atendimento de famílias que vivem abaixo da linha de pobreza. Ele é resultado da fusão de vários outros programas dispersos e com efetividade questionável Bolsa Escola, Auxílio Gás e Cartão Alimentação. O Programa Bolsa Família beneficia famílias em situação de pobreza com renda mensal de R$ 70 a R$ 140 per capita e em extrema pobreza com renda mensal abaixo de R$ 70 reais per capita. Também estabelece condicionalidades de educação e saúde. Atualmente, há cerca de 13 milhões de famílias inscritas no Programa Bolsa Família que cumprem as condições do Cadastro Único esta é praticamente a totalidade das famílias pobres segundo critérios do PNAD 2006 (Pesquisa Nacional de Domicílios). Na realidade, houve substancial injeção de recursos em áreas outrora relegadas ao acaso, criando novos consumidores, bem como empreendedores, além de atrair investimentos. Quanto à educação, nota-se que há redução do analfabetismo. Há um crescimento vegetativo do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) no qual o Brasil situa-se em 84⁰ lugar dentre as 187 nações controladas pelo PNUD (Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento) em 2011. As variáveis que compõem o índice crescem timidamente, destaca-se queda no item expectativa de escolaridade esperada das crianças em idade de ingresso na escola (no Brasil, aos seis anos), que caiu no período 2000-2011, esse fato pode indicar falha estrutural no ensino brasileiro. Esse estudo indica que há desenvolvimento socioeconômico em áreas carentes, particularmente na Região Nordeste. Observa-se também a reversão da migração que historicamente era de norte/nordeste a sudeste. Também nota-se redução da taxa de fecundidade das brasileiras, o que é vantajoso. O Brasil também está com a vantagem do Bônus demográfico , quando a população economicamente ativa supera a população dependente, o que é um excelente fator de crescimento por atrair investimentos. Apesar de melhorias observadas na década 2000-2010, elas ainda são insuficientes. Quanto ao desenvolvimento humano , o Brasil está muito distante das nações desenvolvidas, com IDH de 0,718, que cresceu na última década à taxa de 0,769% ao ano. Nesse ritmo, até alcançarmos o IDH norueguês -- primeiro colocado, ou o australiano -- segundo colocado, que é de 0,943 serão necessários 35/36 anos. Isso nos leva a pensar que, a não ser que o acaso nos ajude, o sonho de nos juntarmos aos primeiros é questionável. Com respeito ao Programa Bolsa Família, esse prova ser uma frente social para a eliminação da desigualdade, seus beneficiários eram classificados como pobres e extremamente pobres e foram resgatados.
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Brito, Volnandy de Aragão. "Efeitos socioeconômicos do Agroamigo : uma estratégia de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar no estado de Sergipe." Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2017. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/7929.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agroamigo is a program of rural microcredit inserted in the Methodology of the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture and National Program for Oriented Productive Microcredit (PNMPO). IT IS Operated at Banco do Nordeste do Brasil in the Northeastern and Northern States of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo through partnership with Instituto Nordeste Cidadania. Its mission is to promote rural development through the granting of small financing (quantitative vision) for investments and costing in agricultural and non-agricultural activities, whether or not rotating, as well as credit counseling and technical monitoring (qualitative vision) over the term Of the financing. As a productive and oriented rural credit, Agroamigo transcends the mere granting of bank credit and is an instrument of a local and regional development policy, which should be integrated with other regional development policies such as PAA, PGPAF, Proagro, The Family Grant, the Light for All, etc. in order to maximize its social and economic effects. The objective of this work is to explain the effects of the individual perspective and the loco-regional perspective, with Agroamigo, considering the vertiginous and ascending growth in the quantitative of contracted operations in this methodology. It investigates whether this quantitative growth has been accompanied by social and financial changes in the borrowers and their socioeconomic externalities in the municipalities, by inducing a greater flow of capital and circulation of goods and services. The regional area analyzed is the main municipalities "borrowers" in the State of Sergipe, having defined the timeline from 2005 to 2015. It begins with a conceptual and historical-factual approach on PRONAF, the emergence of Agroamigo and Their inclusion in the PNMPO methodology. It proceeds with the presentation of the data collected, the field research performed, the expected results. Finally, it discusses the data and information in light of the thesis raised of the effects of Agroamigo in the regional development. The analysis of the data ratified the positive impacts of Agroamigo on income generation and its effects on the local economy, which justifies the choice of the theme as a relevant issue within the framework of regional development policy and in the process of organizing the rural area.O Agroamigo é um programa de microcrédito rural inserido no contexto metodológico do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar e do Programa Nacional de Microcrédito Produtivo Orientado (PNMPO). É Operacionalizado no Banco do Nordeste do Brasil nos Estados do Nordeste e norte de Minas Gerais e Espírito Santo através de parceria com o Instituto Nordeste Cidadania. Sua missão é promover o desenvolvimento rural através da concessão de pequenos financiamentos (visão quantitativa) para investimentos e custeio, em atividades agropecuárias e não agropecuárias, de forma rotativa ou não, bem como orientação creditícia e acompanhamento técnico (visão qualitativa) no decurso do prazo do financiamento. Como crédito rural produtivo e orientado, o Agroamigo, transcede à mera concessão de crédito bancário e figura como instrumento de uma política de desenvolvimento local e regional, que deverá estar integrado às outras políticas de desenvolvimento regional como o PAA, o PGPAF, o Proagro, o Bolsa Família, o Luz Para Todos, etc, de forma a maximizar seus efeitos sociais e econômicos. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo explicitar quais efeitos na perspectiva individual e na perspectiva loco-regional vem trazendo o Agroamigo, considerando o crescimento vertiginoso e ascendente no quantitativo de operações contratadas nessa metodologia. Investiga se esse crescimento quantitativo vem sendo acompanhado de mudanças sociais e financeiras nos tomadores de crédito e suas externalidades socioeconômicas nos municípios, ao induzir maior fluxo de capital e circulação de bens e serviços. O espaço regional analisado são os principais municípios “tomadores de crédito” no Estado de Sergipe, tendo sido definido a linha de tempo de 2005 a 2015. Inicia-se com uma abordagem conceitual e histórico-factual sobre o PRONAF, o surgimento do Agroamigo e sua inserção na metodologia PNMPO. Prossegue com a apresentação dos dados coletados, a pesquisa de campo realizada, os resultados esperados. Por fim discute os dados e informações à luz da tese levantada dos efeitos do Agroamigo no desenvolvimento regional. A análise dos dados ratificou os impactos positivo do Agroamigo na geração de renda e seus efeitos na economia local, o que justifica a escolha do tema como problemática relevante no âmbito da politica de desenvolvimento regional e no processo de organização do espaço rural.
São Cristóvão, SE
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Santoso, Slamet Budi. "Stakeholders Collaboration in Poverty Reduction Programs in South Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Case Study." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40044/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Collaboration among stakeholders on poverty reduction programs in developing countries is part of strategic approach to combating and significantly reducing poverty numbers. The main purpose of collaboration among stakeholders or actors is to transform the power of togetherness into energising local communities to reduce poverty numbers effectively.
However, the history of implementation of various poverty reduction programs shows that there has been a long succession of such programs implemented by the Indonesian government in attempts to overcome poverty problems and to achieve social justice. This history means that the Indonesian government has had many experiences attempting a pragmatic philosophy to achieve social equity, eternal peace and common welfare. This study investigates the implementation of collaboration among stakeholders as poverty reduction strategies during the decentralisation era in the Takalar and Barru districts, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia.
A case study approach was taken, utilising the Evolutionary Governance Theory (EGT) of Van Assche, Beunen and Duineveld (2014). This research assessed the argument that inadequate collaboration and collective decision making between stakeholders involved in the development process is a major reason why poverty reduction policy and implementation has failed at the provincial and local district levels.
Data collection methods including semi-structured interviews, review of documents and field observation. The 70 (seventy) informants were selected based on their knowledge, involvement and responsibility in the various collaborative poverty reduction programs in both districts. This sample included government officials, members of donor organisations, NGOs activists, local leaders and the local communities.
The elements of EGT (Assche, Beunen, & Duineveld, 2014) as a social system framework were adjusted and extended based on the findings of the study within the context of the local public policies. This adaptation is based on the consideration that “the roles of local leaders lead on collaboration between stakeholders on poverty reduction programs”.
findings from the two Indonesian districts can be generalised to a broader population with some boundaries. However, this in-depth study of the cases contributes valuable theoretical and practical knowledge to the community. The study findings show that the local leader as a key position on the collaboration among stakeholders evolved from existing system of Social Governance throughout a process of evolutionary governance. These collaborative anti-poverty programs are demonstrated by two case studies, which involved elements of civil society such as local leaders, local community leaders, local communities, donors, and NGOs activists, whose involvement is a major factor in the sustainability of the programs. Future research requires exploration of the roles of these actors to provide a broader perspective on their roles in evolutionary governance implementation and sustainable use.
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Mbuli, Bhekizizwe Ntuthuko. "Poverty reduction strategies in South Africa." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2293.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Between 45-57% of South Africans are estimated to be engulfed by poverty. In an attempt to identify policy instruments that could help change this status quo, the various strategies that have been implemented in countries (e.g. China, Vietnam and Uganda) that are known to have been relatively successful in reducing poverty are reviewed. In the process, this dissertation discusses the literature regarding poverty, with a particular emphasis on the definition, measurement and determinants thereof. Furthermore, South Africa's anti-poverty strategies are discussed. It turns out that these have met limited success. This is largely due to insufficient pro-poor economic growth, weak implementation/administration at the municipal level, slow asset redistribution, high income/wealth inequality, low job generation rate by SMME's, high HIV/AIDS infection rate, public corruption and inadequate monitoring of poverty. Therefore, if meaningful progress towards poverty reduction is to be achieved, the government needs to deal with the foregoing constraints accordingly.Economics
M.Comm. (Economics)
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Kodj, Grace Dede. "The role of women in poverty reduction in Ghana." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27560.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Various governments in post-independent Ghana have attempted to alleviate poverty among the citizenry. In furtherance of this, several poverty reduction strategies have been employed with different results. Even though the rate of poverty has fallen over the years, it is still high at 21,4% (Molini and Paci, 2015) with women unfortunately bearing most of the brunt of this (National Development Planning Commission, 2012). This dissertation looks at filling the gap in information by exploring the role women can play in poverty reduction,
using Ghana as a case study. In doing that, the study analyses poverty and the underlying reasons for endemic poverty among Ghanaians.
The objective of this study was to contextualize and make a dimension of poverty broadly in Africa and Ghana in particular. It also sought to critique the current policy alleviation policies and programmes, in relation to various factors contributing to endemic poverty among Ghanaian women, with the aim of identifying the roles that women can play in poverty reduction and making recommendations.
In this regard, a descriptive research design coupled with qualitative research methodological technique was employed, where relevant publications in the form of government reports, journals, textbooks and internet were used to collect data.
Inferences were extracted based on the requirements of the research topic.
The study found that women play an important role in food production, trade, and business. It also emerged from the study that there are numerous factors inimical to the reduction of poverty among women in Ghana. They included their inability to negotiate labour matters; a lack of, or limited education; patriarchal culture or customs; and economic sabotage. In addressing the aforementioned factors, the study recommended that in its pre-assessment of NGOs, government tailor their intervention to synchronize with the development strategies to alleviate poverty among women. It also advised educational awareness and public-public partnerships in the establishment of schools targeted most especially at women for empowerment purposes. Finally, there was an emphasis on advocacy for the reservation of land exclusively for women through land reforms.Public Administration and Management
M. Admin. (Public Administration)
34
Callistus, Agbaam Akachabwon. "Assessing the impact of the livelihood empowerment against poverty (leap) social grant programme on household poverty reduction in rural Ghana: a case study of the Tolon-Kumbungu district in northern Ghana." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3940.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Over the last decade, there has been a marked convergence in thinking regarding the importance of social cash transfers in poverty alleviation. As such, most governments especially in the developing world have began embracing the idea of rolling out various social cash transfers programmes in a bid to address poverty, social exclusion and vulnerability. This study which is predominantly centred on the LEAP social grant programme in Ghana aims at assessing the impact of the programme in alleviating household poverty in rural Ghana, specifically in the Tolon-Kumbungu district of the Northern region. Through a combination of both qualitative and quantitative strategies, the study focuses on unravelling in how far the programme has contributed to improving the livelihoods and general welfare of beneficiary households in the case study area. Using data from structured household questionnaires, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews conducted in two rural communities (Dingoni and Woribogu), the study establishes that the LEAP social grant has a significant positive impact on food consumption, frequency of utilization of healthcare facilities and the school enrolment rate for children aged 6-13 years in beneficiary households. However, although hypothesised, no significant impact is observed in relation to the incidence of child labour in the household. Thus, in line with Rawls’ theory of justice, the researcher argues that the LEAP social grant programme is a very useful mechanism for promoting social justice in the Ghanaian society. Despite its successes, the study also uncovers that, the insufficient nature of the cash transfer, irregular payment periods, lack of access to complimentary services and lack of transparency and accountability on the part of payment officials are some key challenges confronting the programme from the perspective of beneficiaries, whilst limited staff capacity, the non availability of training opportunities for staff, inadequate logistical support and no motivation for programme staff and voluntary structures also constitute some key challenges from the institutional perspective. In all, the study recommends that government increases the cash amount and pay transfers regularly, link beneficiaries to existing complimentary services in the district, recruit more staff and provide in-service training opportunities for them, strictly monitor compliance to LEAP conditionalities and ensure transparency and accountability in the payment of transfers to beneficiaries.
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Chibwe, Edward M. "Using robust identification strategies to evaluate impact of 2010/2011 farmer input support programme on maize yields and asset accumulation in rural Zambia." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Zambian government, through the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (MACO), provides maize seed and fertilizers to farmers at heavily subsidised prices under the Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP). MACO’s narrow evaluation of FISP, based on estimated production without quantifying the significant changes in production and other critical socioeconomic factors, fails to adequately highlight and service the benefits of subsidies to intended beneficiaries. Furthermore, MACO estimates of the impact of FISP never consider the question of how much beneficiary farmers would have produced in its absence, leading to potentially misleading assessments. The key question addressed in this study is whether using more rigorous econometric methods that account for heterogeneity in socioeconomic factors between participants and non-participants would still confirm the positive impact of FISP on maize productivity and poverty reduction, hence justifying the huge government expense on the programme. The study utilised cross-sectional data obtained from 497 randomly selected households, collected in 2011 from six provinces of Zambia to assess the causal effect of FISP on beneficiary households’ maize yields and asset accumulation. The data was analysed using well-grounded matching techniques that account for differences in observable characteristics between programme participants and non-participants. The study also tested for possible unobserved selection effects using the Rosenbaum bounds. The results indicated that participating in FISP increased maize yields and assets accumulation and hence might directly or indirectly positively affect beneficiary poverty levels. There were also no influences of unobserved characteristics on the estimated maize yield and asset level differences between participants and non-participants. On average, FISP increased maize yields by about 451 kg per hectare, with an improvement of about 0.5 on the wealth index (score used to rank households according to asset levels). The positive impact on maize yields and asset accumulation on the participating farmers therefore justifies government’s continued implementation of FISP.Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
lk2014
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
MScAgric
Unrestricted
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Chauya, Ivy Violet. "The effectiveness of community development groups in poverty reduction with regards to individual community members : the case of Likasi area development programme in Mchinji district, Malawi." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18928.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study assesses effectiveness of CDGs on poverty reduction among individual members. This is based on the concept of sustainable development with context, structures and strategies as factors affecting poverty reduction. Quantitative and qualitative research designs were used. These involved 120 participants, 5 FGDs and 5KIIs. Participants were purposively and randomly sampled. Results reveal CDGs as a potential strategy in effective community development benefiting group members for poverty reduction. Such benefits include; social, economic, physical, human or environmental. However, group composition and processes pose challenges for benefits to trickle down to some members. Structural arrangement requiring leaders and other influential people like educated members to be in the forefront of interventions has proved challenging to the approach. This happens when self interests are at play leading to deprivations of some members to access benefits. Monitoring membership diversity focusing on group composition and operations is recommended for groups to effectively reduce poverty.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
37
Kassa, Solome Zemene. "Assessment of aid effectiveness in Ethiopia : a case study on the General Education Quality Improvement Programme and the collaboration among DFID, UNICEF and the World Bank." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9985.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research focuses on assessing the extent to which the Principles of Aid Effectiveness were followed and translated into action by taking the General Education Quality Improvement Programme (GEQIP) in Ethiopia as an example. Outcomes of the secondary reviews conducted on the selected government institutions and development partners documents demonstrate that these Principles are taken as overarching strategies to guide the undertakings on GEQIP.
The study attests that a number of factors influence the realization of aid effectiveness in Ethiopia. These include, at the recipient level, existence of strong national development plans while demanding improvement on absorptive capacity. At the level of development partners, compliance with pledges made on the provision of resources and better coordination is needed. A common country framework to guide the aid effectiveness process including mutual accountably is important. The study most importantly identifies that beyond sector specific reviews, emphasis should also be given to assess the contribution of the Principles of Aid Effectiveness for efficient delivery of support to the GEQIP.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)