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1
Buse, Jonathan. "Development of SoC-based embedded systems for power system automation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539495.
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Guignard, Thibaut Xavier. "Implementation of a stable power assist device." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17059.
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3
Schmitt, Andreas Joachim. "Digital Implementation of Power System Metering and Protection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An entirely digital system is presented which has several benefits as compared to the systems that are deployed currently. Utilizing digital capabilities to a much greater extent than is currently used within the power system allows for various improvements upon the current system. One such improvement is the ease of configuring and using the system. Each device can easily alter its functionality through a user interface, and the addition of devices is as easy as plugging it in. Additionally, the burden on the transformer due to the increase in the number of devices is nullified. The information remains accurate and unchanged, even when new devices are added to the system. The entire system conforms to the IEC 61850 standard, such that it adheres to the requirements of the actual power system.Master of Science
4
Osborn, Christopher Eric. "Protection, Automation, and Frequency Stability Analysis of a Laboratory Microgrid System." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1828.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to increasing changes in the power industry, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo's electrical engineering department introduced a set of initiatives to adequately equip students with the skills and knowledge to interact with new technologies. Specifically, the department proposed a microgrid and power systems protection and automation laboratory to strengthen students' knowledge of microprocessor-based relays. This paper outlines a microgrid laboratory system that fulfills the initiative's goal and proposes a collection of laboratory experiments for inclusion in a new laboratory course at Cal Poly. The experiments provide students with practical experience using Schweitzer Engineering Laboratory (SEL) relays and teach fundamental concepts in semi-automated generator synchronization and power system data acquisition. The microgrid laboratory system utilizes SEL relays and a centralized SEL controller to automate frequency regulation through load shedding, power factor correction, generator and utility synchronization, and relay protection group switching.
5
Cho, Bo Hyung. "Modeling and analysis of spacecraft power systems." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54741.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comprehensive large-scale power system modeling is developed to facilitate the design and analysis of present and future spacecraft power systems. A two-port coupling method is utilized to provide a modularity in model building and analysis of the system. The modular approach allows the model to be flexible, verifiable and computationally efficient. A methodology for the system level analysis is presented with the ability to focus on the performance characteristics of an arbitrary component or subsystem. The system performance parameters are derived explicitly in terms of the two-port hybrid g-parameter representation of the component or subsystem, and impedances of its terminating subsystems. From this, the stability of the system is analytically determined and the subsystem interaction criteria is observed. Also presented is a model development from the empirical data employing the complex curve fitting technique. The technique is especially powerful for large scale system modeling and analysis where certain components and subsystems are viewed as black boxes with measurable terminal characteristics. The technique can also be used to realize a reduced order model of a complex subsystem.
The Direct Energy Transfer (DET) spacecraft power system is modeled to demonstrate the versatility of the comprehensive system model by performing various DC, small-signal and large-signal analyses. Of particular interest is the analysis of the large-signal behavior of the nonlinear solar array system by employing the state-plane method. The analysis of the solar array system operation focused on the transition mode between the shunt mode and the battery discharging mode is presented. The subsystem interaction problems in the local component and global system are illustrated. A methodology for the design and trouble-shooting of a system dealing with the interaction problems using the g-parameters is described. Finally, a system level analysis of the DET system using an empirical data modeling technique is performed.Ph. D.
6
Roe, Curtis Aaron. "Impacts of automated residential energy management technology on primary energy source utilization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45865.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of the proposed research is to analyze automated residential energy management technology using primary energy source utilization. A residential energy management system (REMS) is an amalgamation of hardware and software that performs residential energy usage monitoring, planning, and control. Primary energy source utilization quantifies power system levels impacts on power generation cost, fuel utilization, and environmental air pollution; based on power system generating constraints and electric load.
Automated residential energy management technology performance is quantified through a physically-based REMS simulation. This simulation includes individual appliance operation and accounts for consumer behavior by stochastically varying appliance usage and repeating multiple simulation iterations for each simulated scenario. The effect of the automated REMS under varying levels of control will be considered.
Aggregate REMS power system impacts are quantified using primary energy source utilization. This analysis uses a probabilistic economic dispatch algorithm. The economic dispatch algorithm quantifies: fuel usage and subsequent environmental air pollution (EAP) generated; based on power system generating constraints and electric load (no transmission constraints are considered).
The analysis will comprehensively explore multiple residential energy management options to achieve demand response. The physically-based REMS simulation will consider the following control options: programmable thermostat, direct load control, smart appliance scheduling, and smart appliance scheduling with a stationary battery. The ability to compare multiple automated residential energy management technology options on an equal basis will guide utility technology investment strategies.
7
Bhatnagar, Rahul. "Dynamic dispatch of direct load control." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54736.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Direct Load Control (DLC) -- the direct control of customer loads by an electric utility for the economic and reliable operation of the power system, is an important and active element of Load Management (LM). Currently attention has focussed on the integration of DLC into system operations. However, as yet, DLC is regarded as a discretionary resource to be used by the system operator based on informed judgment. The integration process has therefore, concentrated on improving the informational inputs to the operator.
This dissertation extends the integration from that of a discretionary resource to a dispatchable system resource. The concept of the dynamic dispatch of DLC is formulated and defined to be an online evaluation and utilization of DLC for optimum benefit to the utility, as system conditions change. The concept envisages the use of DLC in an automated mode and coordinated with other system resources for optimum benefit.
An important and integral part of the research effort is the development of a cost characterization of DLC. A closed form solution, using a dynamic programming framework, has been developed to estimate the costs of DLC dispatch. The derivation takes into account all operational constraints on the utilization of DLC -- payback characteristics, maximum on-times and minimum recovery times. The cost, defined as the difference in the fuel costs with and without DLC dispatch, were found to be dependent on the cost characteristics of the online generators and the load shape impacts of DLC dispatch.
The dynamic dispatch concept is concretized by a power system operations model which incorporates DLC dispatch for fuel cost minimization and peak load shaving. The two modes are toggled by the dispatch algorithm as system conditions change. Results from the model are presented for several combinations of system conditions and DLC system parameters.Ph. D.
8
O'Cull, Douglas C. "A COMPACT, LIGHTWEIGHT, LOW POWER, MULTI-FUNCTION TELEMETRY RECEIVER/COMBINER SYSTEM PROVIDES "HANDS OFF" AUTOMATION FOR SYSTEMS COST REDUCTION." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, CaliforniaWith the increased concerns for reducing cost and improving reliability in today's telemetry systems, many users are employing simulation and automation to guarantee reliable telemetry systems operation. This places an increased demand on the remote capabilities of the equipment used in the telemetry system. Furthermore, emphasis has been placed on the ability to decrease the space and power consumption of the telemetry system to facilitate transportability of the a single telemetry system to multiple sites. Finally, today's telemetry systems demand that all equipment provide multiple functions to provide the maximum performance for the lowest system cost.
9
畢天姝 and Tianshu Bi. "Distributed intelligent system for on-line fault section estimation oflarge-scale power networks." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576714.
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10
Fehr, Ralph E. "An integrated optimal design method for utility power distribution systems." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001356.
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11
Celanovic, Ivan. "A Distributed Digital Control Architecture for Power Electronics Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis proposes a novel approach to power electronics system design that is based on the open-architecture distributed digital controller and modular power electronics building blocks (PEBBs). The proposed distributed digital controller partitions the controller in three levels of control authority. The power stage controller, designated as hardware manager, is responsible for low-level hardware oriented tasks; the high level controller, designated as applications manager, performs higher-level application-oriented tasks; and the system level controller handles system control and monitoring functions.
Communications between the hardware-oriented controller and the higher-level controller are implemented with the previously proposed 125 Mbits/sec daisy-chained fiber optic communication protocol. Real-time control and status data are communicated by means of communication protocol. The distributed controller on the power converter level makes the system open, flexible and simple to use. Furthermore, this work gives an overview and comparison of current state-of-the-art communication protocols for real-time control applications with emphasis on industrial automation and motion control. All of the studied protocols have been considered as local area networks (LAN) for system-level control in power converter systems. The most promising solution has been chosen for the system level communication protocol.
This thesis also provides the details of design and implementation of the distributed controller. The design of both the hardware and software components are explained. A 100 kVA three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) prototype was built and tested using the distributed controller approach to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept.Master of Science
12
Loeffler, Benjamin Haile. "Modeling and optimization of a thermosiphon for passive thermal management systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45960.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An optimally designed thermosiphon for power electronics cooling is developed. There exists a need for augmented grid assets to facilitate power
routing and decrease line losses. Power converter augmented transformers (PCATs) are critically limited thermally. Conventional active cooling
system pumps and fans will not meet the 30 year life and 99.9% reliability required for grid scale implementation. This approach seeks to develop
a single-phase closed-loop thermosiphon to remove heat from power electronics at fluxes on the order of 10 - 15 W/cm2. The passive
thermosiphon is inherently a coupled thermal-fluid system. A parametric model and multi-physics design optimization code will be constructed to
simulate thermosiphon steady state performance. The model will utilize heat transfer and fluid dynamic correlations from literature. A particle
swarm optimization technique will be implemented for its performance with discrete domain problems. Several thermosiphons will be constructed,
instrumented, and tested to verify the model and reach an optimal design.
13
Mousavi, Takami Kourosh. "Process Control and Simulation of Ferromagnetic Strip in the Power Transformers and Electrical Machines Applications : Electric power systems." Doctoral thesis, Västerås : School of Sustainable Development of Sociaty and Technology, Mälardalen University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6648.
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14
Ratshitanga, Mukovhe. "Investigation and design of an integrated monitoring, protection, and control system of a power reticulation network." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2710.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.As far as substation automation systems are concerned, one of the prime requirements of most utilities today is the interoperability between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) of different manufacturers. The standard IEC 61850 - Communication Networks and Systems in Substations - allows such interoperability between IEDs for protection and automation of substations. Presently, many manufacturers have implemented, or are in the process of implementing this standard in their IEDs. This has encouraged some utilities to specify IEC is to ensure that both system requirements are met and the features and benefits of the standard are fully exploited. The author of this thesis investigated and brought forward the design of an integrated monitoring protection and control system of a network in Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) campus based of the IEC 61850 standard. A method of testing the physical IED based on Hardware-In-Loop (HIL) configuration with the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) is developed and implemented. Mapping of IED Substation Configuration Language (SCL) with that of the RTDS GTNET cards is discussed and implemented to further exploit the use of realtime testing with Generic Object Oriented Substation Event messages (GOOSE). The thesis highlight the benefits of interconnecting the reticulation IEDs into a standardised communication network for protection, control and monitoring of each substation event. This improves the access to information and reduces maintenance cost on the reticulation network.
15
Santos, LucÃlia Alves dos. "IntegraÃÃo de um sistema de recomposiÃÃo automÃtico via OPC para automaÃÃo da rede elÃtrica de distribuiÃÃo em mÃdia tensÃo do campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Durante muito tempo a manutenÃÃo do sistema de distribuiÃÃo do campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do Cearà - UFC foi de responsabilidade da Companhia EnergÃtica do Cearà â Coelce, pela parceria entre os governos federal e estadual. No entanto, com a privatizaÃÃo da Coelce no ano de 1998, a UFC assumiu essa demanda e por muitos anos, por falta de recursos e planejamento, fez-se apenas intervenÃÃes corretivas emergenciais na infraestrutura existente, resultando em vÃrios problemas na continuidade de suprimento. Felizmente, os Ãltimos gestores atentaram para o problema e muitos investimentos na rede de distribuiÃÃo em mÃdia tensÃo estÃo sendo realizados, visando à modernizaÃÃo e melhoria da seguranÃa, disponibilidade e continuidade do suprimento de energia elÃtrica do campus do Pici. Estas aÃÃes tÃm embasamento tÃcnico nos estudos realizados pelo Departamento de Engenharia ElÃtrica em parceria com o setor de engenharia da UFC (UFC-Infra). Nesse contexto, foi idealizada e està em fase de implantaÃÃo uma subestaÃÃo de 69-13,8 kV, composta de dois transformadores de 5/6,25 MVA, sendo um de reserva, trÃs saÃdas de alimentadores e nove religadores distribuÃdos ao longo da rede de mÃdia tensÃo em 13,8 kV do campus. Este sistema serà operado, supervisionado e controlado por um sistema SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Aquisition), desenvolvido na plataforma comercial Elipse Power, utilizando o banco de dados Microsoft SQL Server 2012 â versÃo Express. No Ãmbito da automaÃÃo, foi desenvolvida e integrada ao SCADA, via comunicaÃÃo OPC (Open Platform Communications), uma funÃÃo avanÃada denominada, Sistema de RecomposiÃÃo AutomÃtica (SRA-PICI). O SRA-PICI foi desenvolvido em linguagem C#, utilizando o programa Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, modelado em Redes de Petri Coloridas, e testado usando a ferramenta de anÃlise CPN Tools. Para integraÃÃo dos aplicativos SCADA e SRA foi utilizado o protocolo aberto OPC que especifica a comunicaÃÃo de dados em tempo real entre um elemento fonte e um elemento receptor de diferentes fabricantes. Testes de validaÃÃo do SRA e da comunicaÃÃo entre os aplicativos foram realizados em laboratÃrio, que atestam o sucesso da implementaÃÃo e abrem perspectivas importantes para avanÃar na direÃÃo de uma rede elÃtrica inteligente para o campus do Pici.For a long time the maintenance of the power distribution system of the Pici Campus of the Federal University of Cearà - UFC was the responsibility of the Energy Company of Cearà - Coelce, by the partnership between the federal and state governments. However, with the privatization of Coelce in 1998, the UFC assumed that demand and for many years, due to lack of resources and planning, only the emergency and corrective interventions have taken place, thereby have emerged several problems in continuous supply. Fortunately, the last managers have paid attention to the problem and many investments in the medium voltage distribution network are being carried out, aimed at modernizing and improving security, availability and continuity of energy supply of Pici campus. These actions were based on technical studies conducted by the Department of Electrical Engineering in partnership with the engineering sector of the UFC (UFC-Infra). In this context, was designed and is being implemented a power substation of 69 to 13.8 kV, with two transformers of 5 / 6.25 MVA, , three outputs feeders and nine reclosers distributed throughout the medium voltage distribution network of the campus. This system will be operated, supervised and controlled by a SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), developed in the commercial platform Elipse Power using the Microsoft SQL Server 2012 database - Express version. In the field of automation, it was developed and integrated into the SCADA via OPC (Open Communications Platform), an advanced function called Automatic Restoration System (ARS-PICI). The ARS-PICI was developed in C # using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 program, modelled on Colored Petri Nets, and tested using the CPN Tools analysis program. For integration of the SCADA and the ARS application software was used the OPC open protocol that specifies the real time data communication between a source element and a receiving element from different manufacturers. Validation tests of the ARS and communication between the software SCADA-ARS were performed in the laboratory, attesting to the successful implementation and opening important perspectives to advance toward a smart grid to the campus of the Pici.
16
Helbig, Achim, and Christoph Boes. "Electric Hydrostatic Actuation - modular building blocks for industrial applications." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-200007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electro Hydrostatic Actuators (EHA) are emerging as a viable option for industrial machine builders as the design combines the best of both electro-mechanical and electro-hydraulic technologies. The EHA is a highly integrated, compact alternative to traditional hydraulic solutions. Automation engineers moving toward electro-mechanical actuation in pursuit of energy efficiency and environmental cleanliness, will find an EHA an attractive option for high force density actuators. This paper will address the factors to consider when assessing an industrial machine’s application suitability for this latest innovation in actuation. It describes principal base circuits, a concept for EHA building blocks and a realized pilot application as well as challenges on actuator and components level.
17
Retonda-Modiya, John-Charly. "Development of an embedded system actuator node for intergration into an IEC 61850 based substation automation application." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012The introduction of the IEC 61850 standard in substations for communication networks and systems by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 2003 provided the possibility for communication between devices of different manufacturers. However, the advent of this standard also brought about many challenges associated with it. The challenges introduced by this fairly recent standard of communications in Substation Automation Systems (SAS), and the need for the development of cost effective IEC 61850- compliant devices, motivated the decision of the Centre for Substation and Energy Management Systems within the Electrical Engineering Department of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology to focus on the implementation of the IEC 61850 standard using an embedded hardware platform. The development of an IEC 61850 embedded application requires substantial knowledge in multiple domains such as data networking, software modelling and development of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), protection of the electrical system, system simulation and testing methods, etc. Currently knowledge about the implementation of the IEC 61850 standard usually resides with vendors and is not in the public domain. The IEC 61850 standard allows for two groups of communication services between entities within the substation automation system. One group utilizes a client-server model accommodating services such as Reporting and Remote Switching. The second group utilizes a peer-to-peer model for Generic Substation Event (GSE) services associated with time-critical activities such as fast and reliable communication between Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) used for protection of the power network. The messages associated with the GSE services are the Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages. The use of GOOSE messages for protection of the electrical system is very important in modern substations. Detailed knowledge of the structure of these messages is important in instances requiring fault diagnosis to determine the cause of mal– operation or to address interoperability concerns or when developing custom IEC 61850- compliant devices with limited functionality. A practical protection application (overcurrent) case study is presented where GOOSE messages are exchanged between a commercial IED and an IEC 61850-compliant controller based on an embedded platform. The basic data model and software development of an actuator node for a circuit breaker is proposed using an IEC 61850 communication stack on an embedded platform. The performance of the GOOSE messages is confirmed to be as per the functional behaviour specified, and per the IEC 68150 standard in terms of the temporal behaviour required. This thesis document tables the methods, software programs, hardware interfacing and system integration techniques that allow for the development and implementation of a low cost IEC 61850-compliant controller unit on an embedded systems platform for the substation automation system. The overcurrent case study distributed between a commercial IED (SIEMENS Siprotec device) and the actuator application developed on an embedded platform for this project (DK60 board) is in compliance with the IEC 61850 standard and utilizing GOOSE messaging is successfully completed both in terms of functional and temporal behaviour. This novel research work contributes not only to the academic community, but to the international Power Systems community as a whole. Keywords: IEC 61850 standard, IEDs, GOOSE message, software modelling, software development, substation automation systems, communication stack, embedded systems, actuator.
18
Mahmoud, Thair. "Optimal power generation in microgrids using agent-based technology." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The existing power grids that form the basis of the respective electrical power infrastructures for various states and nations around the world, are expected to undergo a period of rapid change in the near future. The key element driving this change is the emergence of the Smartgrid. The Smartgrid paradigm represents a transition towards an intelligent, digitally enhanced, two-way power delivery grid. The aim of the Smartgrid is to promote and enhance the e_cient management and operation of the power generation and delivery facilities, by incorporating advanced communications, information technology, automation, and control methodologies into the power grid proper. Smartgrid's are currently an active topic for research, where the research is strongly focused on developing new technologies such as: demand response, power generation management, pricing modelling and energy markets participation, power quality, and self-healing scenarios. In recent times, in both the United States of America and Europe, many new projects have begun which are specifically directed towards developing “Smartgrid” technologies. In Australia, the Federal Government has recently initiated funding plans to promote the commercialisation of renewable energy. In order to exploit these developments, Edith Cowan University (ECU); which is a High Voltage (HV) customer for the major utility network of Western Australia, and which owns its own transformers and Low Voltage (LV) network; is planning to integrate renewable energy suppliers within its LV network.
The aim of this research is to introduce a smart decision making system, which can manage the operation of disparate power generation sources installed on a LV network (microgrid); such as that owned by ECU on its campuses. The proposed energy management system is to gather data in real-time, and it must be capable of anticipating and optimising energy needs for each operational scenario that the microgrid might be expected to experience. The system must take into account risk levels, while systematically favouring low economic and environmental costs. A management system application, based on autonomous and distributed controllers, is investigated in a virtual environment. The virtual environment being a full-scale simulation of ECU's microgrid; with solar panels, wind turbines, storage devices, gas gen-sets, and utility supply. Hence the simulation studies were conducted on the basis of realistic demand trends and weather conditions data.
The major factors for reducing the cost of generation in the case study, were identified as being: 1) demand forecasting; 2) generation scheduling; 3) markets participation; and 4) autonomous strategies configuration, which is required to cope with the unpredictable operation scenarios in LV networks. Due to the high uncertainty inherent within the operational scenarios; an Artificial Intelligence (AI) deployment for managing the distributed sub-systems was identified as being an ideal mechanism for achieving the above mentioned objectives. Consequently it is proposed that Multi-Agent System (MAS) technology be deployed, to enable the system to respond dynamically to the unpredictable operational conditions by updating the method of analysis. The proposed system is to behave in a strategic manner when dealing with the expected operational scenarios, by aiming to achieve the lowest possible cost of power generation for the microgrid. The simulated system is based on realistic operational scenarios, which have been scaled to suit the size and type of load in the case study. The distributed intelligent modules have proven to be successful in achieving the potential benefits of the dynamic operational conditions, by minimising the cost of power generation.
The distributed intelligent modules, which form the basis of the proposed management systems, have been designed to perform the following functions:
1. Provide accurate demand forecasts through the utilisation of an AI-based adaptive demand forecasting model. The novel demand-forecast modelling technique, which was introduced to model demand in the case study, has been utilised to supply reasonably accurate demand forecasts to other stages of processing in the management system. The forecasts are generated from this model, by monitoring and controlling the forecasting error to ensure consistent and satisfactory forecasts.
2. Make optimum decisions concerning the operation of the power generators by considering the economic and the environmental costs. In order to deal with the complexity of the operational conditions, a smart and adaptive generation scheduling method was implemented for the case study. The method was primarily applied to control the charging/ discharging process of the Storage Devices (SDs) among the other generators. The proposed method aims at controlling the resources, and extracting the benefit of having an hourly based variable generation cost.
3. Integrate the microgrid into the electricity market, in order to enable the microgrid to offer its spinning and non-spinning power generation reserve as Ancillary Services (AS) to the grid. To this end, studying the operational mechanisms of the Australian market was essential prior to building the proposed market participation rules which form an integral part of the proposed management system. As a result we used the market data, by approaching the market operators to create a semi-realistic competitive market environment for our simulations. Consequently, a smart and adaptive pricing mechanism, that adapts the AS prices to the amount of electricity on offer, and the level of demand in the market has been presented.
The motivation for introducing the proposed management system, is to achieve a transition plan for current microgrids, so that they can have a commercial connection to the future Smartgrid. The results obtained in this work show that there is a signi_cant economic and environmental advantage to be gained from utilising intelligence when managing electricity generation within a power grid. As a consequence, selecting the appropriate management strategy is fundamental to the success of the proposed management system. In conclusion, modelling of the proposed strategies using MAS technology has proven to be a successful approach, and one that is able to reflect the human attitude; in making critical decisions and in reducing the cost of generation.
19
Ma, Tan. "Hybrid Power System Intelligent Operation and Protection Involving Plug-in Electric Vehicles." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1760.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two key solutions to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and increase the overall energy efficiency are to maximize the utilization of renewable energy resources (RERs) to generate energy for load consumption and to shift to low or zero emission plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) for transportation. The present U.S. aging and overburdened power grid infrastructure is under a tremendous pressure to handle the issues involved in penetration of RERS and PEVs. The future power grid should be designed with for the effective utilization of distributed RERs and distributed generations to intelligently respond to varying customer demand including PEVs with high level of security, stability and reliability. This dissertation develops and verifies such a hybrid AC-DC power system. The system will operate in a distributed manner incorporating multiple components in both AC and DC styles and work in both grid-connected and islanding modes.
The verification was performed on a laboratory-based hybrid AC-DC power system testbed as hardware/software platform. In this system, RERs emulators together with their maximum power point tracking technology and power electronics converters were designed to test different energy harvesting algorithms. The Energy storage devices including lithium-ion batteries and ultra-capacitors were used to optimize the performance of the hybrid power system. A lithium-ion battery smart energy management system with thermal and state of charge self-balancing was proposed to protect the energy storage system. A grid connected DC PEVs parking garage emulator, with five lithium-ion batteries was also designed with the smart charging functions that can emulate the future vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-house (V2H) services. This includes grid voltage and frequency regulations, spinning reserves, micro grid islanding detection and energy resource support.
The results show successful integration of the developed techniques for control and energy management of future hybrid AC-DC power systems with high penetration of RERs and PEVs.
20
Cho, Namhun. "Allocation of individual harmonic emission limits in accordance with the principles of IEC/TR 61000-3-6." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A model of the accurate harmonic allocation methods is developed to improve the current emission limits of IEEE Std.519. IEC 61000-3-6 and IEEE Std. 519 have by now been accepted as two well known standards for interconnecting the MV and HV-EHV customers to utility systems and widely adopted as standards to many power utilities. It is worth noting that the harmonic current emission limits of both standards have not been compared and justified with analytical proofs because there is still no explanation that discusses the origin of the emission limits in IEEE Std. 519, or the complex feature of IEC 61000-3-6. Two new novel methods of allocating the harmonic current emission limits for MV customers and HV-EHV customers have been proposed. Both methods have been developed in accordance with the principles of IEC 61000-3-6. Task II has compared and investgated the emission limits of both IEC 61000-3-6 and IEEE Std. 519. The difference, inconsistency and inaccuracy have been proven with the perspective of practical evaluations based on their own principles. The investigations focus on the specific numerical proofs of the resulting voltage distortions and the current emission limits in the MV and HV-EHV systems rather than on the philosophies. The proposed methods strongly support IEC 61000-3-6 and IEEE Std. 519, and add to their value; these methods could also help utilities allocate fairly and accurately harmonic emission limits to their MV and HV-EHV customers.
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Mendes, Marcos Fonseca. "Proposta de metodologia e de modelo para modernizações de sistemas de automação de unidades geradoras hidráulicas de grande porte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-19072011-164952/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A geração de energia elétrica é importante para todos os ramos de atividades econômicas e tem demanda crescente. Isso implica constantes melhorias dos sistemas secundários, entre eles os sistemas de automação, que evoluíram muito nos últimos anos. Em várias usinas hidrelétricas esses sistemas estão obsoletos e apresentam outros problemas, portanto, carecem de atualizações tecnológicas. O objetivo desta tese é responder às principais questões relacionadas às modernizações dos sistemas de automação de unidades geradoras hidráulicas de grande porte: por que, quando e como modernizá-los? Para isso, foram estudados a evolução desses sistemas, o estado da arte, as modernizações já realizadas e planejadas. Os dados foram obtidos da bibliografia e diretamente de especialistas, através de pesquisa de campo envolvendo as principais concessionárias brasileiras. Baseando-se nos estudos, foram elaborados critérios para tomar a decisão por modernizar, foram escolhidas a forma de modernização e de realização mais adequadas para grandes usinas e foi criado um modelo de sistema de automação usando o estado da arte. Esse modelo é totalmente digital, utiliza uma única rede de comunicação em todos os níveis (incluindo o controle central), é à prova de futuro e fundamenta-se na norma IEC 61850. Todos os componentes e características do sistema foram examinados. Por fim, foi proposto um método para especificação e projeto do novo sistema incluindo todas as etapas. Concluiu-se que, um conjunto de indicadores quantitativos pode decidir a necessidade de modernização dos sistemas de automação de grandes unidades geradoras e, tomada a decisão por modernizar, a melhor solução é a substituição total de uma só vez (uma parada) usando o modelo criado. Os métodos e o sistema propostos podem ser usados como referências no setor elétrico para facilitar as atualizações tecnológicas e garantir resultados efetivos uniformes, com longo tempo de vida e independência dos fornecedores.The generation of electricity is important to all branches of economic activities and faces a growing demand. This implies constant improvements of the secondary systems, including the automation systems, which have evolved a great deal in recent years. At several hydroelectric power plants these systems are obsolete and present other problems, therefore, technological upgrades are required. The objective of this thesis is to answer the key questions related to the modernizations of automation systems of large hydraulic generating units: why, when and how to modernize them? To this effect, studies were undertaken about the evolution of these systems, the state of the art, the modernizations already introduced and those planned. The data were obtained from the bibliography and directly from experts, through a field survey involving the major Brazilian utilities. Based on these studies, criteria to support the modernization decision were developed, the most suitable manner of modernization and of its implementation in large power plants were chosen and an automation system model using state of the art was created. This model is fully digital, uses only one communication network at all levels (including the central control), is future proof and is based on the IEC 61850 standard. All components and features of the system were examined. Finally, a method including all stages for specification and design of the new system was proposed. It was concluded that, a set of quantitative indicators can decide the need for modernization of the automation systems of large generating units and, once the decision to modernize is taken, the best solution is the total replacement during a single unit shut-down using the model created. The methods and system proposed can be used as references in the electricity sector to facilitate the technological upgrades and to ensure effective uniform results, with the prospect of a long service life and independence from the suppliers.
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Luwaca, Emmanuel. "Virtualization of a sensor node to enable the simulation of IEC 61850-based sampled value messages." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2014The IEC 61850 standard, “Communication networks and systems in substations” was promulgated to accommodate the need for a common communication platform within substations for devices from different vendors. The IEC 61850 standard proposes a substation automation architecture that is Ethernet-based, with a “station-bus” for protection devices within the substation and a “process bus” where raw data from the voltage and current transformers are published onto the data network using a device known as a Merging Unit. To date, most of the standardization efforts were focused at the station bus level where event-triggered messages are exchanged between the substation automation devices, commonly referred to as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). These messages are known as Generic Object Oriented Substation Event messages. Equipment from vendors to accommodate the “process bus” paradigm, however is still limited at present. The Centre for Substation Automation and Energy Management Systems was established within the Electrical Engineering Department at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology with one of its objectives being the development of equipment either for simulation or real-time purposes in compliance with the IEC 61850 standard. In order to fulfil this long-term objective of the Centre, an in-depth understanding of the IEC 61850 standard is required. This document details the efforts at acquiring the requisite knowledge base in support of the educational objectives of the Centre and the research project implements a simulation of a merging unit which is compliant with the functional behavior as stipulated by the standard. This limited functional implementation (i.e. non-real-time) of the merging unit, is achieved through the development of a virtualized data acquisition node capable of synthetic generation of waveforms, encoding of the data and publishing the data in a format compliant with the IEC 61850-9-2 sampled value message structure. This functional behavior of the virtual sensor node which was implemented has been validated against the behavior of a commercial device and the sampled value message structure is validated against the standard. The temporal behavior of the proposed device is commented upon. This research project forms the basis for future real-time implementation of a merging unit.
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Parsons, Antony Cozart. "Automatic location of transient power quality disturbances /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Daepp, Hannes Gorkin. "Development of a multi-platform simulation for a pneumatically-actuated quadruped robot." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45927.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Successful development of mechatronic systems requires a combination of targeted hardware and software design. The compact rescue robot (CRR), a quadruped pneumatically-actuated walking robot that seeks to use the benefits garnered from pneumatic power, is a prime example of such a system. This thesis discusses the development and testing of a simulation that will aid in further design and development of the CRR by enabling users to examine the impacts of pneumatic actuation on a walking robot. However, development of an entirely new dynamic simulation specific to the system is not practical. Instead, the simulation combines a MATLAB/Simulink actuator simulation with a readily available C++ dynamics library. This multi-platform approach results in additional incurred challenges due to the transfer of data between the platforms. As a result, the system developed here is designed in the fashion that provides the best balance of realistic behavior, model integrity, and practicality. An analytically derived actuator model is developed using classical fluid circuit modeling together with nonlinear area and pressure curves to model the valve and a Stribeck-Tanh model to characterize the effects of friction on the cylinder. The valve model is designed in Simulink and validated on a single degree-of-freedom test rig. This actuator model is then interfaced with SrLib, a dynamics library that computes dynamics of the robot and interactions with the environment, and validated through comparisons with a CRR prototype. Conclusions are focused on the final composition of the simulation, its performance and limitations, and the benefits it offers to the system as a whole.
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Falkner, Catherine M. "Robust output feedback controllers for power system stabilization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14802.
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Zhou, Huafeng, and 周華鋒. "Design of grid service-based power system control centers for future electricity systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687429.
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Zhou, Huafeng. "Design of grid service-based power system control centers for future electricity systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687429.
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Vianna, João Tito Almeida. "Métodos determinísticos para detecção e localização por área de faltas monofásicas de alta impedância sustentadas nos circuitos primários de sistemas de distribuição desequilibrados." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4039.
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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de alternativas para detecção de faltas de alta impedância (HIFs) sustentadas em sistemas de distribuição. Como a maioria destas faltas é monofásica, enfoque foi dado para este tipo de falta no desenvolvimento do trabalho. Devido ao desequilíbrio e a variação da carga dos sistemas de distribuição, a proteção tradicional dos mesmos apresenta dificuldades na detecção destas faltas, que acabam se sustentando no sistema. Isso acarreta um risco de segurança pública, na medida em que estruturas externas ao sistema elétrico são mantidas energizadas representando risco a vidas que entrem em contato com elas. Características da topologia típica de sistemas de distribuição brasileiros (conhecida como do “tipo europeu”) foram exploradas de forma a se elaborar duas propostas de métodos de detecção e localização de HIFs. Ambos os métodos se baseiam na alocação de medidores alocados ao longo do sistema de distribuição, cujas medidas são integradas a uma central de dados via rede de comunicação. Nesta central, as medidas recebidas são analisadas de forma a diagnosticar a presença e localização de faltas monofásicas de alta impedância no sistema e emitir alarmes que descrevam a situação atual do mesmo. O primeiro método, o PDSZ, baseia-se em medições fasoriais sincronizadas e, além da detecção e localização, conta com um algoritmo de classificação das fases envolvidas na falta. Já o segundo (PQDSZ) baseia-se em medições não fasoriais e não possui esta última funcionalidade. Ambos os métodos são implementados em laboratório e simulados com o uso de um Simulador Digital de Tempo Real (RTDS), o que permite uma validação bem próxima da aplicação dos métodos em um sistema real. Tais simulações comprovam a aplicabilidade dos métodos propostos e todos os resultados são analisados de forma a confirmar este fato.
This work aims to develop alternatives for the detection of sustained high impedance faults (HIFs) on distribution power systems. As the majority of these faults are single phase ones, the development was focused on this kind of fault. Due to load unbalance and variation of the distribution systems, the traditional protectiontechniques presents problems on detecting these faults, which are kept sustained on the system. This situation represents a serious public hazard, because the external electrical system structure remains energized, representing a risk to lives that eventually get in touch with it. There is also the risk of starting a fire from this fault point. Topologycal features of Brasilian distribution systems (known as “european type”) were exploited in order to elaborate two methods for detection and localization of HIFs. Both methods are based on the use of meters alocated along the distribution system, whose measurements are sent to a central data concentrator, through a network communication. Then, the received measurements are analysed in order to diagnose the ocurrence of single phase high impedance faults on the system and send alarms that describe the current system situation. The first method, named PDSZ, is based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) and besides detecting and locating the fault, can also classify it, showing which phaseis involved. The second one, the PQDSZ, is based on non-synchronized measurements and can not classify the fault. Both methods were implemented on laboratory and tested using real equipament and a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), which allows a very precise evaluation of the proposed methods, emulating conditions very similar the real ones. The simulations prove the aplicability of the proposed methods and the results are analysed in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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Conficoni, Christian <1983>. "Nonlinear constrained and saturated control of power electronics and electromechanical systems." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5576/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power electronic converters are extensively adopted for the solution of timely issues, such
as power quality improvement in industrial plants, energy management in hybrid electrical
systems, and control of electrical generators for renewables. Beside nonlinearity, this systems
are typically characterized by hard constraints on the control inputs, and sometimes
the state variables. In this respect, control laws able to handle input saturation are crucial
to formally characterize the systems stability and performance properties. From a practical
viewpoint, a proper saturation management allows to extend the systems transient
and steady-state operating ranges, improving their reliability and availability.
The main topic of this thesis concern saturated control methodologies, based on modern
approaches, applied to power electronics and electromechanical systems. The pursued
objective is to provide formal results under any saturation scenario, overcoming the
drawbacks of the classic solution commonly applied to cope with saturation of power converters,
and enhancing performance. For this purpose two main approaches are exploited
and extended to deal with power electronic applications: modern anti-windup strategies,
providing formal results and systematic design rules for the anti-windup compensator, devoted
to handle control saturation, and “one step” saturated feedback design techniques,
relying on a suitable characterization of the saturation nonlinearity and less conservative
extensions of standard absolute stability theory results.
The first part of the thesis is devoted to present and develop a novel general anti-windup
scheme, which is then specifically applied to a class of power converters adopted for power
quality enhancement in industrial plants. In the second part a polytopic differential inclusion
representation of saturation nonlinearity is presented and extended to deal with a
class of multiple input power converters, used to manage hybrid electrical energy sources.
The third part regards adaptive observers design for robust estimation of the parameters
required for high performance control of power systems.
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Bezerra, Josà Roberto. "Contributions to the efficient switch placement and automatic restoration of power distribution systems." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoThe demand for electricity grows in the same way as the consumers requirement for an uninterrupted supply. Many reliability indices are applied by regulatory agencies, utilities and consumers for measuring the power systems reliability. The improvement of such indices has been required by regulatory agencies and pursued by energy distributors. Therefore, the application of automatic restauration systems has gained relevance as a support tool for control center operators for a quick and secure restauration of faulty electric networks. This work proposes two contributions to the restoration process of radial power system networks. The former is a multiobjective algorithm for effective switch placement in distribution networks. Multiobjective optimization techniques are applied to achieve a set of non-dominated solutions rather than an unique one. Therefore, the decision making for switch placement is eased by the flexibility given from the multiple solutions. The latter contribution is a model for automatic restoration of power distribution networks adaptable to the network topology changes and able to ensure the operational security of the power system network. The proposed model is based on coloured Petri nets as the modelling tool. Reusability and extensibility features have been pursued and implemented on the proposed model. As a result, the needed time to restore faulty power system networks is reduced without compromising its operational security. Case studies are presented demonstrating the benefits to the power system distribution utilities obtained with the deployment of the proposed tools to improve the reliability of the power system networks.
A demanda por energia elÃtrica cresce e de igual modo a exigÃncia dos consumidores pela continuidade do seu fornecimento. Diversos Ãndices de confiabilidade sÃo utilizados por agÃncias reguladoras, concessionÃrias e consumidores para aferir a continuidade dos sistemas elÃtricos de potÃncia. A melhoria de tais Ãndices vem sendo requisitada por agÃncias reguladoras e perseguida pelas concessionÃrias de energia. Para tanto, o uso de sistemas de restauraÃÃo automÃtica vem ganhando destaque como uma ferramenta de apoio a operadores de centros de controle para a restauraÃÃo rÃpida e segura de redes elÃtricas em situaÃÃes de falta. Este trabalho apresenta duas contribuiÃÃes para a restauraÃÃo automÃtica de redes radiais de distribuiÃÃo de energia. A primeira consiste em um algoritmo para o posicionamento eficiente de chaves telecontroladas em redes de distribuiÃÃo. TÃcnicas de otimizaÃÃo multiobjetivo sÃo aplicadas para obter-se como resultado um conjunto de soluÃÃes nÃo-dominadas ao invÃs de uma Ãnica soluÃÃo. Com isso, a tomada de decisÃo para o posicionamento eficiente de chaves na rede elÃtrica à facilitado pela flexibilidade das mÃltiplas soluÃÃes oferecidas pelo algoritmo proposto. A segunda contribuiÃÃo do trabalho consiste em um modelo para restauraÃÃo automÃtica da rede de distribuiÃÃo de energia adaptÃvel Ãs mudanÃas de topologia e que garante a seguranÃa operacional da rede elÃtrica. O modelo proposto fundamentou-se em Redes de Petri Coloridas como ferramenta de modelagem. CaracterÃsticas de reusabilidade e extensibilidade foram buscadas e implementadas no modelo proposto. Como resultado, o tempo necessÃrio para restaurar redes elÃtricas em condiÃÃo de falta à reduzido sem comprometer a seguranÃa do sistema elÃtrico. Estudos de caso sÃo apresentados evidenciando os benefÃcios para concessionÃrias de distribuiÃÃo de energia com a implementaÃÃo das ferramentas propostas para melhoria da confiabilidade da rede elÃtrica.
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Chan, Siu Man. "Improved speaker verification with discrimination power weighting /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ELEC%202004%20CHANS.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-93). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Yang, Xiaokun. "A High Performance Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Encrypted On-Chip Bus Architecture for Internet-of-Things (IoT) System-on-Chips (SoC)." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With industry expectations of billions of Internet-connected things, commonly referred to as the IoT, we see a growing demand for high-performance on-chip bus architectures with the following attributes: small scale, low energy, high security, and highly configurable structures for integration, verification, and performance estimation.
Our research thus mainly focuses on addressing these key problems and finding the balance among all these requirements that often work against each other. First of all, we proposed a low-cost and low-power System-on-Chips (SoCs) architecture (IBUS) that can frame data transfers differently. The IBUS protocol provides two novel transfer modes – the block and state modes, and is also backward compatible with the conventional linear mode. In order to evaluate the bus performance automatically and accurately, we also proposed an evaluation methodology based on the standard circuit design flow. Experimental results show that the IBUS based design uses the least hardware resource and reduces energy consumption to a half of an AMBA Advanced High-Performance Bus (AHB) and Advanced eXensible Interface (AXI). Additionally, the valid bandwidth of the IBUS based design is 2.3 and 1.6 times, respectively, compared with the AHB and AXI based implementations.
As IoT advances, privacy and security issues become top tier concerns in addition to the high performance requirement of embedded chips. To leverage limited resources for tiny size chips and overhead cost for complex security mechanisms, we further proposed an advanced IBUS architecture to provide a structural support for the block-based AES algorithm. Our results show that the IBUS based AES-encrypted design costs less in terms of hardware resource and dynamic energy (60.2%), and achieves higher throughput (x1.6) compared with AXI.
Effectively dealing with the automation in design and verification for mixed-signal integrated circuits is a critical problem, particularly when the bus architecture is new. Therefore, we further proposed a configurable and synthesizable IBUS design methodology. The flexible structure, together with bus wrappers, direct memory access (DMA), AES engine, memory controller, several mixed-signal verification intellectual properties (VIPs), and bus performance models (BPMs), forms the basic for integrated circuit design, allowing engineers to integrate application-specific modules and other peripherals to create complex SoCs.
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Minarelli, Massimiliano. "Power electonics and battery management system of an handheld device." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis is reported the work done as an electronic designer at the CE.SI. Sicurezza.
There are two main electronic projects in this report:
The BMS-board is a battery management system board that gets mounted on the side of a LiFePo4 battery pack. This board is fully designed, realized, and tested.
The power board is a power supply board that supports hot-swap capabilities on its three possible inputs. This board is only designed at a high level and not fully completed due to a lack of time.
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Julie, Ferdie Gavin. "Development of an IEC 61850 standard-based automation system for a distribution power network." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering
in the Faculty of Engineering
at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyThe electric power distribution network, an essential section of the electric power system, supplies electrical power to the customer. Automating the distribution network allows for better efficiency, reliability, and level of work through the installation of distribution control systems. Presently, research and development efforts are focused in the area of communication technologies and application of the IEC 61850 protocol to make distribution automation more comprehensive, efficient and affordable. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the relevance of the IEC61850 standard-based technology in the development and investigation of the distribution automation for a typical underground distribution network through the development of a distribution automation algorithm for fault detection, location, isolation and service restoration and the building of a lab scale test bench Distribution Automation (DA) has been around for many decades and each utility applies its developments for different reasons. Nowadays, due to the advancement in the communication technology, authentic and automatic reconfigurable power system that replies swiftly to instantaneous events is possible. Distribution automation functions do not only supersede legacy devices, but it allows the distribution network to function on another lever. The primary function of a DA system is to enable the devices on the distribution network to be operated and controlled remotely to automatically locate, isolate and reconnect supply during fault conditions. Utilities have become increasingly interested in DA due to the numerous benefits it offers. Operations, maintenance and efficiencies within substations and out on the feeders can be improved by the development of new additional capabilities of DA. Furthermore, the new standard-based technology has advanced further than a traditional Distribution Supervisory and Control Data Acquisition (DSCADA) system. These days the most important components of a DA system include Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). IEDs have evolved through the years and execute various protection related actions, monitoring and control functions and are very promising for improving the operation of the DA systems. The thesis has developed an algorithm for automatic fault detection, location, isolation and system supply restoration using the functions of the IEC61850 standard-based technology. A lab scale system that would meet existing and future requirements for the control and automation of a typical underground distribution system is designed and constructed. The requirement for the lab scale distribution system is to have the ability to clear faults through reliable and fast protection operation, isolate faulted section/s, on the network and restore power to the unaffected parts of the network through automation control operation functions of the IEC61850 standard. Various tests and simulations have been done on the lab scale test bench to prove that the objective of the thesis is achieved. Keywords: IEC61850 Standard, Distribution automation, Distribution automation system, IEDs, Lab scale test bench, Protection, Algorithm for automatic control
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Haj-ahmed, Mohammed A. "Protection and Automation of Microgrids for Flexible Distribution of Energy and Storage Resources." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430694499.
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Hicks, Glenn V. "An investigation of automatic generation control for an isolated power system." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0011/MQ34184.pdf.
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Uurtonen, Tommi. "Optimized Power Control for CDMA System using Channel Prediction." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-3697.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In an optimal power control scheme for a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system all mobile stations signals should arrive to the base station at equal power. If not, stronger singals may cause too much interference and block out weaker ones. Commonly used power control schemes utilizes the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) to design a Power Control Command (PCC) to adjust the transmit power of the mobile station. A significant problem within the conventional methods is the slow SIR recovery due to deep channel fades. Conventional methods base the PCC on the previous channel state when in fact, the channel state may have significantly changed when transmission occurs. These channel changes may cause the SIR to drop or rise drastically and lead to uncontrollable Multi Access Interference (MAI) resulting in power escalation and making the system unstable. In order to overcome power escalation and improve the recovery from deep fades a novel power control method has been developed. Based on Linear Quadratic Control and Kalman filtering for channel prediction this method designs the PCC based on the coming channel state instead of the current. This optimizes the PCC for the channel state where transmission occurs. Simulations show that this control scheme outperforms previous methods by making the impacts of the deep fades less severe on the SIR and also improves the overall SIR behaviour.
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Prinsloo, Gerhardus Johannes. "Automatic positioner and control system for a motorized parabolic solar reflector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Most rural African villages enjoy high levels of sunlight, but rolling out solar power generation technology to tap into this renewable energy resource at remote rural sites in Africa pose a number of design challenges. To meet these challenges, a project has been initiated to design, build and test/evaluate a knock down 3 kW peak electrical stand-alone self-tracking dual-axis concentrating solar power system. This study focusses on the mechatronic engineering aspects in the design and development of a dynamic mechatronic platform and digital electronic control system for the stand-alone concentrating solar power system. Design specifications require an accurate automatic positioner and control system for a motorized parabolic solar reflector with an optical solar harnessing capacity of 12 kWt at solar noon. It must be suitable for stand-alone rural power generation. This study presents a conceptual design and engineering prototype of a balanced cantilever tilt-and-swing dual-axis slew drive actuation means as mechatronic solar tracking mobility platform for a ∼12 m2 lightweight parabolic solar concentrator. Digital automation of the concentrated solar platform is implemented using an industrial Siemens S7-1200 programmable logic controller (PLC) with digital remote control interfacing, pulse width modulated direct current driving, and electronic open loop/closed loop solar tracking control. The design and prototype incorporates off-the-shelf components to support local manufacturing at reduced cost and generally meets the goal of delivering a dynamic mechatronic platform for a concentrating solar power system that is easy to transport, assemble and install at remote rural sites in Africa. Real-time experiments, conducted in the summer of South Africa, validated and established the accuracy of the engineering prototype positioning system. It shows that the as-designed and -built continuous solar tracking performs to an optical accuracy of better than 1.0◦ on both the azimuth and elevation tracking axes; and which is also in compliance with the pre-defined design specifications. Structural aspects of the prototype parabolic dish are evaluated and optimized by other researchers while the Stirling and power handling units are under development in parallel projects. Ultimately, these joint research projects aim to produce a locally manufactured knock down do-it-yourself concentrated solar power generation kit, suitable for deployment into Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Landelike gebiede in Afrika geniet hoë vlakke van sonskyn, maar die ontwerp van betroubare sonkrag tegnologie vir die benutting van hierdie hernubare energie hulpbron by afgeleë gebiede in Afrika bied verskeie uitdagings. Om hierdie uitdagings te oorkom, is ’n projek van stapel gestuur om ’n afbreekbare 3 kW piek elektriese alleenstaande selfaangedrewe dubbel-as son-konsentreeder te ontwerp, bou en te toets. Hierdie studies fokus op die megatroniese ingenieurs-aspekte in die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van ’n dinamiese megatroniese platform en ’n digitale elektroniese beheerstelsel vir die alleenstaande gekonsentreerde sonkrag stelsel. Ontwerp spesifikasies vereis ’n akkurate outomatiese posisionering en beheer stelsel vir ’n motor aangedrewe paraboliese son reflekteerder met ’n optiesekollekteer- kapasiteit van 12 kWt by maksimum sonhoogte, en veral geskik wees vir afgeleë sonkrag opwekking. Hierdie studie lewer ’n konsepsuele ontwerp en ingenieurs-prototipe van ’n gebalanseerde dubbelas swaai-en-kantel swenkrat aandrywingsmeganisme as megatroniese sonvolg platform vir ’n ∼12 m2 liggewig paraboliese son konsentreerder. Digitale outomatisering van die son konsentreerder platform is geimplementeer op ’n industriële Siemens S7-1200 programmeerbare logiese beheerder (PLB) met ’n digitale afstandbeheer koppelvlak, puls-wydte-gemoduleerde gelykstroom aandrywing en elektroniese ooplus en geslote-lus sonvolg beheer. Die ontwerp en prototipe maak gebruik van beskikbare komponente om lae-koste plaaslike vervaardiging te ondersteun en slaag in die algemeen in die doel om ’n dinamiese megatroniese platform vir ’n gekonsentreerde sonkrag stelsel te lewer wat maklik vervoer, gebou en opgerig kan word op afgeleë persele in Afrika. Intydse eksperimente is gedurende die somer uitgevoer om die akkuraatheid van die prototipe posisionering sisteem te evalueer. Dit toon dat die sisteem die son deurlopend volg met ’n akkuraatheid beter as 1.0◦ op beide die azimut en elevasie sonvolg asse, wat voldoen aan die ontwerp spesifikasies. Strukturele aspekte van die prototipe paraboliese skottel word deur ander navorsers geëvalueer en verbeter terwyl die Stirling-eenheid en elektriese sisteme in parallelle projekte ontwikkel word. Die uiteindelike doel met hierdie groepnavorsing is om ’n plaaslik vervaardigde doen-dit-self sonkrag eenheid te ontwikkel wat in Afrika ontplooi kan word.
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Isapour, Chehardeh Maziar. "AUTOMATIC RECONFIGURATION OF RADIAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FOR RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT USING THE CIRCUIT GRAPH." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1572.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of optimum restoration after occurrence the outages in a distribution network is an important issue in smart grids. In this kind of networks remote-controlled switches, alternative sources and grid-connected distributed generators (DG) are employed. Therefore, the reliability of the system (corresponding to the frequency of failures and the duration of interruptions) is improved by operating the switches to resupply a part of interrupted system during the repair time. To evaluate the reliability indices in smart grids, neglecting the restoration during the repair time causes the wrong assessment of the network. Thus, considering the rerouting the power during the interruptions seems necessary to calculate the reliability indices. The problem of restoration is formulated as a non-linear integer programming problem with the assistance of the network graph. The circuit graph method is also used to pre-evaluate the feasible interchanging operations to enhance the efficiency of the computations. The topological and operational constraints in this formulation can be found and resolved with the assistance of fundamental cut-set matrix. The optimum restoration schemes is obtained by considering the optimal islanded mode of operation of the DGs which implies maximizing the loading of DGs while not violating their generation capacities. The optimum restoration policies lead us to find the optimum number and location of those manual switches that should be upgraded to the remote-controlled switches. This is a multi-objective problem that contains the contribution of each restoration policy in the reliability improvement and the cost of those switching operations. The proposed algorithm is applied to different standard test systems and the results are compared to the results obtained from other methods and algorithms.
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Etherden, Nicholas. "Increasing the hosting capacity of distributed energy resources using storage and communication." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis develops methods to increase the amount of renewable energy sources that can be integrated into a power grid. The assessed methods include i) dynamic real-time assessment to enable the grid to be operated closer to its design limits; ii) energy storage and iii) coordinated control of distributed production units. Power grids using such novel techniques are referred to as “Smart Grids”. Under favourable conditions the use of these techniques is an alternative to traditional grid planning like replacement of transformers or construction of a new power line. Distributed Energy Resources like wind and solar power will impact the performance of the grid and this sets a limit to the amount of such renewables that can be integrated. The work develops the hosting capacity concept as an objective metric to quantify the ability of a power grid to integrate new production. Several case studies are presented using actual hourly production and consumption data. It is shown how the different variability of renewables and consumption affect the hosting capacity. The hosting capacity method is extended to the application of storage and curtailment. The goal is to create greater comparability and transparency, thereby improving the factual base of discussions between grid operators, electricity producers and other stakeholders on the amount and type of production that can be connected to a grid.Energy storage allows the consumption and production of electricity to be decoupled. This in turn allows electricity to be produced as the wind blows and the sun shines while consumed when required. Yet storage is expensive and the research defines when storage offers unique benefits not possible to achieve by other means. Focus is on comparison of storage to conventional and novel methods.As the number of distributed energy resources increase, their electronic converters need to provide services that help to keep the grid operating within its design criteria. The use of functionality from IEC Smart Grid standards, mainly IEC 61850, to coordinate the control and operation of these resources is demonstrated in a Research, Development and Demonstration site. The site contains wind, solar power, and battery storage together with the communication and control equipment expected in the future grids.Together storage, new communication schemes and grid control strategies allow for increased amounts of renewables into existing power grids, without unacceptable effects on users and grid performance.Avhandlingen studerar hur existerande elnät kan ta emot mer produktion från förnyelsebara energikällor som vindkraft och solenergi. En metodik utvecklas för att objektivt kvantifiera mängden ny produktion som kan tas emot av ett nät. I flera fallstudier på verkliga nät utvärderas potentiella vinster med energilager, realtids gränser för nätets överföringsförmåga, och koordinerad kontroll av småskaliga energiresurser. De föreslagna lösningarna för lagring och kommunikation har verifierats experimentellt i en forskning, utveckling och demonstrationsanläggning i Ludvika.
Godkänd; 2014; Bibliografisk uppgift: Nicholas Etherden är industridoktorand på STRI AB i Göteborg. Vid sidan av doktoreringen har Nicholas varit aktiv som konsult inom kraftsystemsautomation och Smarta Elnät. Hans specialitet är IEC 61850 standarden för kommunikation inom elnät, vindkraftparker och distribuerad generering. Författaren har en civilingenjörsexamen i Teknisk fysik från Uppsala Universitet år 2000. Under studietiden läste han även kurser i kemi, miljökunskap och teoretisk filosofi. Han var under studietiden ordförande för Student Pugwash Sweden och ledamot International Network of Engineers and of Scientists for Global Responsibility (INES). Efter studietiden var han ordförande i Svenska Forskare och Ingenjörer mot Kärnvapen (FIMK). Han började sin professionella bana som trainee på ABB i Västerås där han spenderade sex år som utvecklare och grupp ledare för applikationsutvecklingen i ABB reläskydd. I parallell till arbete har han läst elkraft vid Mälardalenshögskola. År 2008 började han på STRI AB som ansvarig för dess IEC 61850 interoperabilitetslab. Han är på uppdrag av Svenska Kraftnät aktiv i ENTSO-E IEC 61850 specificeringsarbete och svensk representant i IEC tekniska kommitté 57, arbetsgrupp 10 som förvaltar IEC 61850 standarden. Han har hållit över 30 kurser i IEC 61850 standarden i fler än 10 länder.; 20140218 (niceth); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Nicholas Etherden Ämne: Elkraftteknik/Electric Power Engineering Avhandling: Increasing the Hosting Capacity of Distributed Energy Resources Using Storage and Communication Opponent: Professor Joao A Peças Lopes, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal Ordförande: Professor Math Bollen, Avd för energivetenskap, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Måndag den 24 mars 2014, kl 09.00 Plats: Hörsal A, Campus Skellefteå, Luleå tekniska universitet
SmartGrid Energilager
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Bothma, B. C., and H. J. Vermaak. "Final implementation of an improved OPC data logging system in an in a automation environment." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 10 , Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/331.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Published ArticleThis paper will discuss the final implementation of an Improved OPC data logging system and its improvements over the original. The improved solution focused on the hardware, software and administrative components of the system; taking the reliability and performance of each component into consideration. The software components include the database, the data acquisition and logging client application (DALC) and the various OPC servers; the hardware component includes the servers that will run the software components, power management and Redundant Array of Independents Disks (RAID) technologies; and the administrative component includes implementing automated routines to backup the important data and archive old logs.
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Melo, Lucas Silveira. "Development of a platform for implementing multi-agents systems for application to automatic restoration of electric power distribution systems." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15234.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoIt is common the occurence of permanent faults in power distribution systems. In a typical radial power distribution system when the fault protection system operates, may cause power-off not only in the fault section, but also to all customers downstream the fault.Through disjunction devices normally closed along the feeder, and normaly open on its edges, is possible to isolate the faulty sector and reenergize the healthy ones, reducing the number of customers affected by a fault. Network operators normally do this procedure manually and in addition to demand a considerable ammount of time, is subject to errors on the part of the operator. In order to automate the analisys of the network and provided it of self-healing capacity, various methods have been proposed to solve this matter. Most of these approaches adopts a centralized strategy and do not address the aspect of electric power grid self-healing. In this work is proposed an approach that uses multi-agent systems for self-healing purposes of power distribution systems. Multi-agent are highly suitable for modelling distributed systems in the smart grid domain. For a safe recovery and without violation of operational restrictions the feeder agents perform an evaluation before device agents send any command to the network switches. The proposed multi-agent system is implemented in a agentâs development platform proposed in this work that uses the Python programming language. The platform is called PADE, Python Agent DEvelpment framework. The computer representation of the network, without simplifications, is accomplished by a data encoding based on the theory of graphs and named node-depth representation that serves as a basis for the development of an API of network representation that models each of the required components in the restoration analysis. The device agents communicate with IED that in turn control the switches in the network, by means of IEC 61850 protocols: GOOSE and MMS. To validate the proposed approach, computer simulations are performed using a simplified distribution power grid as a case study and a test platform with relay test case, protection and control IED, managed switch and embedded systems.
à comum a ocorrÃncia de faltas permanentes no sistema de distribuiÃÃo de energia elÃtrica. Por tratar-se de um sistema radial, a atuaÃÃo da proteÃÃo para estas faltas causa a desenergizaÃÃo nÃo sà do setor em falta, mas de todos os consumidores a jusante do setor onde ocorreu a falta. Fazendo uso dos dispositivos de disjunÃÃo normalmente fechados ao longo do alimentador e normalmente abertos nas suas bordas à possÃvel isolar o setor sob falta e re-energizar os setores sÃos, reduzindo o nÃmero de consumidores afetados por um defeito. Este procedimento à normalmente feito pelos operadores da rede, e alÃm de demandar um tempo considerÃvel, està sujeito à erros por parte do operador. No sentido de tornar automÃtica as anÃlises de restauraÃÃo da rede e prover o sistema da capacidade de auto-cura, tÃm sido propostas diversas metodologias para o problema. A maioria destas abordagens adota uma estratÃgia centralizada e nÃo abordam o aspecto de auto-cura da rede elÃtrica. Neste trabalho, à proposta uma abordagem utilizando sistemas multiagentes para recomposiÃÃo de setores de alimentadores de distribuiÃÃo de energia elÃtrica. A tÃcnica de sistemas multiagentes vem se mostrando bastante promissora no desenvolvimento de sistemas distribuÃdos em um contexto de redes elÃtricas inteligentes. Para que a recomposiÃÃo ocorra sem a violaÃÃo das restriÃÃes operacionais e de forma coerente, sÃo feitas anÃlises pelos agentes alimentadores antes que qualquer comando seja enviado para as chaves do sistema por meio de agentes dispositivo. O sistema multiagente proposto à implementado em uma plataforma de desenvolvimento de agentes proposta neste trabalho e que utiliza a linguagem de programaÃÃo Python. A plataforma tem o nome de PADE, Python Agent DEvelpment framework. A representaÃÃo computacional sem simplificaÃÃes da rede à proporcionada por uma codificaÃÃo de dados apoiada na teoria de grafos e denominada RepresentaÃÃo NÃ-Profundidade, que serve de base para o desenvolvimento de uma API de representaÃÃo da rede-elÃtrica que modela cada um dos componentes necessÃrios nas anÃlises de recomposiÃÃo. Ao agente dispositivo à dada a possibilidade de comunicaÃÃo com IED, que controlam as chaves do sistema, por meio dos protocolos da norma IEC 61850: GOOSE e MMS. Para validar a metodologia proposta sÃo realizadas simulaÃÃes computacionais utilizando uma rede de distribuiÃÃo simples como caso base e uma plataforma de testes com: mala de testes de relÃs, IED de proteÃÃo e controle de mercado, switch gerenciÃvel e placas de desenvolvimento de sistemas embarcados.
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Popoola, Olawale. "On-line, remote and automatic switching of consumers' connections for optimal performance of a distribution feeder." 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
M. Tech. Electrical EngineeringInvestigates the growing consensus that significant advantages can be achieved through the automation of distribution feeder switches In order to ensure quality and reliability of supply to single phase consumers by electrical utilities, a need arose to minimize unbalance. it is then postulated the unbalance due to uneven distribution of single-phase loads at the secondary side of the distribution network can be minimized using automatic and remote sensing technology.
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(11015460), Joseph Peter Wichlinski. "Fabrication and Automation of a Power-Conserving USV in Moving Water." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water pollution in drinking water is a major concern in rural areas that depend on local surface and ground water supplies. The Amazon river, for example, has800 thousand rural inhabitants, many of whom do not have access to treated water. Reaching the Amazon River to collect these water samples is already a complicated task. With constantly changing floodplains, and therefore water quality, the ability to collect water samples remotely and autonomously can help rural areas monitor their drinking water. There have been several studies investigating different unmanned surface vehicle (USV)prototypes and data collection methods. However, none have specifically made a compact USV to maneuver in rivers, while aiming to conserve energy to drive longer distances. This paper describes an in-depth design, fabrication, and automation process for a USV to drive in the Wabash River. The USV monitors its own location, speed, and battery voltage for power consumption analysis. As proof of concept, the USV measures water depth during field studies performed in Lake Harner, Indiana and the Wabash River. These field studies yield affirming results for the controls logic and power conservation of the designed USV.
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Gunasekera, Srilal. "Design and Development of Protection, Control and SCADA of Model Zone Substation Laboratory Based on The IEC61850 Communication Standard." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40051/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction of IEC61850 standard for substation automation has envisaged higher efficiencies and reliability in operation of energy management systems (EMS). However, despite its benefits, utility companies are hesitant to adopt and integrate IEC61850 standard because of lack of knowledge and skills among engineers in power supply industry. Under this circumstance Victoria University has been a pioneer to model Victoria University Zone Substation Automation System based on IEC61850 standard which can be a test bench and training facility for people from industry and students in academic. Basically, the focus of this research project is concerned with the design and implementation of a model zone substation automation laboratory based on IEC61850. To simulate a real-world scenario, the model zone substation primary system is designed to match the exact requirements and arrangements as exists in Melbourne-Victoria grid terminal zone substations. Therefore, the Victoria University model Substation Automations Systems (SAS) also included two sub-transmission lines, two distribution transformers, bus couplers and feeders and their protection, control, measuring ang monitoring systems. For this SAS arrangements there are eight protection and control panels have been included to match the real-world scenario. Therefore, protection and control segregation have been designed for Main Protection (X - Protection) using ABB relays and Backup Protection (Y-Protection) using GE relays, and Communication switches, RTU and SCADA also from different venders like ABB, SIEMENS and other, and all of them compatible with the IEC61850 standard. For the designing purpose two stages have been defined; station bus level which includes configuration and communication between Protective Relays from ABB & GE, and stage two is process bus level including IEDs, CBs and Merging Units for sample values (SVs) Measurements. Through this project, interoperability facilities are inherent in IEC61850 communication standard are utilized to communicate and share substation events and reports among protection relays from different manufacturers such as ABB and GE and other. To implement this fundamental aspect of IEC61850 the overall communication system is connected to Ruggedcom switches and configured according to IEC61850 standards, using proprietary software packages and a system configuration (SCL).
In fact, the main idea for development of Victoria zone substation laboratory is to provide power engineering students, and industries like utilities for hands on experience such as how to perform tests in IEC61850 functions using various software tools from different manufacturers.
The main work for this research project was to identify the current industry requirements for SAS and design and develop a simulation system for the use of academic back ground. Therefore, to fulfil this task successfully my background as SAS design engineer work experiences contributed to a greater extent to design and implementation process of this research project.
Moreover, with the extension of the IEC61850 from substation automation level to cover distribution & transmission automation for IEC61850- 9-2 LE. In short, Victoria University’s model zone substation laboratory can be utilized for R&D purposes customizing for any research studies based on IEC61850 communication standard, and given the capabilities offered by IEC61850 standard and limited implementation at substation level, development of a test bench for further utilization of IEC61850 in Power System Automation level is appreciable.
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Cooper, Douglas John. "Aspects of autonomous demand response through frequency based control of domestic water heaters." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of Master of Science in Engineering
in the School of Electrical and Information Engineering, July 2017This dissertation presents the design and testing of controllers intended to provide au- tonomous demand response, through the use of water heater loads and grid frequency measurements. The controllers use measured frequency as an indication of the strain on a utility grid, which allows demand side management to be isolated from any form of central control. Water heaters can operate as exible loads because their power consump- tion can be dispatched or deferred without directly impacting users. These properties make it possible to control individual water heaters based on the functioning of the grid, rather than end user input. The purpose of this research is to ultimately provide a low- cost alternative to a traditional Smart Grid, that will improve the resilience of a grid without negatively impacting users. The controllers presented here focus on ensuring that users receive hot water, while attempting to reduce any imbalance between power generated and power consumed on the grid. Simulations of these controllers in various situations highlight that while the controllers developed respond suitably to variations in the grid frequency and adequately ensure end users receive hot water, the practical bene t of the controllers depends largely on the intrinsic characteristics of the grid.
CK2018
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Mavee, Sheu Menete Alexandre. "Smart grid critical information infrastructure protection through multi-agency." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
M.Com. (Informatics)Critical Infrastructure is the term used to describe assets that are of utmost importance, or in other words, essential in the functioning of an environment. Societies depend on their critical infrastructure in order to maintain and continuously improve on their population’s standard of living. The creation of more self-sustainable methods of energy consumption and generation drives towards the creation of a better and more efficient evolution of the power grid critical infrastructure, named the smart grid. The introduction of the smart grid brought in a paradigm shift towards the practices used to manage the generation and distribution of electric power. The introduction of highly capable information systems to intrinsically work with current power grid technologies provided the ability to enhance economic and environmental efficiency of power systems. Although providing a wide variety of benefits, such information systems also created new points of vulnerabilities, which if exploited, place the smart grid at risk of disruptions. In order to address the security issues that occur at the application and data exchange level of smart grid information systems, the dissertation proposed the use of a security model to protect the smart grid. The Multi-Agent Smart Grid Security (MA-SGS) model is based on the use of multiple autonomous intelligent software agents which attempt to create operational stability and efficiency in the smart grid...
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(8803250), Akshay Amarendra Kasture. "A power management strategy for a parallel through-the-road plug-in hybrid electric vehicle using genetic algorithm." Thesis, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the upsurge of greenhouse gas emissions and rapid depletion of fossil fuels, the pressure on the transportation industry to develop new vehicles with improved fuel economy without sacrificing performance is on the rise. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), which employ an internal combustion engine as well as an electric motor as power sources, are becoming increasingly popular alternatives to traditional engine only vehicles. However, the presence of multiple power sources makes HEVs more complex. A significant task in developing an HEV is designing a power management strategy, defined as a control system tasked with the responsibility of efficiently splitting the power/torque demand from the separate energy sources. Five different types of power management strategies, which were developed previously, are reviewed in this work, including dynamic programming, equivalent consumption minimization strategy, proportional state-of-charge algorithm, regression modeling and long short term memory modeling. The effects of these power management strategies on the vehicle performance are studied using a simplified model of the vehicle. This work also proposes an original power management strategy development using a genetic algorithm. This power management strategy is compared to dynamic programming and several similarities and differences are observed in the results of dynamic programming and genetic algorithm. For a particular drive cycle, the implementation of the genetic algorithm strategy on the vehicle model leads to a vehicle speed profile that almost matches the original speed profile of that drive cycle.
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Kannangara, Indunil Chanaka. "Low cost integrated substation protection and control system." Thesis, 1994. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/17909/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the recent developments in the digital equipment associated with the power
system such as digital relays and transducers the development of integrated substation
protection and control systems were possible. In this thesis the use of the currently
available very sophisticated and reliable, yet inexpensive high level third generation
software to develop such application is dicussed. Low cost integrated system does
not depend on any particular power protection or control manufacturers protocol but
uses standard IEEE '802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Accesses/Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD) protocol (Ethernet). Data Acquisition and control is done directly so that
it could be used on a range of different manufacturers' equipment. These capabilities
make this development to act as a system integrator for substation protection and
control and will overcome many disadvantages associated with the traditional
protection and control systems.
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(11192433), Lucas Martin Peralta Bogarin. "A Comparison of Models and Approaches to Model Predictive Control of Synchronous Machine-based Microgrids." Thesis, 2021.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this research, an attempt is made to evaluate alternative model-predictive microgrid control approaches and to understand the trade-offs that emerge between model complexity and the ability to achieve real-time optimized system performance. Three alternative controllers are considered and their computational and optimization performance compared. In the first, nonlinearities of the generators are included within the optimization. Subsequently, an approach is considered wherein alternative (non-traditional) states and inputs of generators are used which enables one to leverage linear models with the model predictive control (MPC). Nonlinearities are represented outside the control in maps between MPC inputs and the physical inputs. Third, a recently proposed linearized trajectory (LTMPC) is considered. Finally, the performance of the controllers is examined utilizing alternative models of the synchronous machine that have been proposed for power system analysis.