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Статті в журналах з теми "Predation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 липня 2025

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1

Sumah, Astrid Sri Wahyuni. "FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE OF PREDATOR Paederus sp. (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE)." Indonesian Journal of Applied Research (IJAR) 4, no. 1 (2023): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/ijar.v4i1.257.

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Research on predatory predation of Paederus sp. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) was carried out to study the functional response of the predator Paederus sp. Functional response is a form and size predictor of consumer impact on resource populations, determining the effectiveness of a predator as an agent in biological control. Predation time in hungry and not-hungry conditions influences predator-prey interactions, which are essential in functional response. The method used in predating Paederus sp. on the prey of aphids was Aphid spp. They are using four levels of prey density with two different

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2

Battisti, Corrado, Marisa Perchinelli, Luca Luiselli, Daniele Dendi, and Sharon Vanadia. "Cages Mitigate Predation on Eggs of Threatened Shorebirds: A Manipulative-Control Study." Conservation 2, no. 3 (2022): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/conservation2030030.

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Beach-nesting birds (plovers; Aves; Charadridae) are impacted by many natural and human-induced threats (e.g., people trampling, dogs, and natural predators). In this regard, the use of anti-predator cages on their nests is effective in order to mitigate some of these pressures (i.e., predation). To evaluate the efficacy of anti-predator cages and the causes of nest failure in a breeding site of two species (Charadrius alexandrinus and C. dubius), we carried out a control-experimental design, comparing false nests (n = 69) in cages (experiment; n = 30) with false nests without cages (control;

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3

Engeman, Richard M., R. Erik Martin, Henry T. Smith, et al. "Dramatic reduction in predation on marine turtle nests through improved predator monitoring and management." Oryx 39, no. 3 (2005): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605305000876.

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We describe improvements to monitoring/indexing methodology for predators of marine turtle nests on the east coast of Florida, and the resulting marine turtle conservation implications from integrating the methodology into predator management. A strip transect from dune line to the shore improved an already successful design for monitoring raccoons, and was also sensitive for armadillos. The data were integrated into predator management operations to effectively and efficiently remove the species responsible for turtle nest predation. Tracking plot data also served to validate predator pattern

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4

Hodges, Karen E. "Differential predation by coyotes on snowshoe hares." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 10 (2001): 1878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-153.

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Differential predation on particular sex or age classes of a population can arise as a result of predator preferences or prey attributes. I examined the impacts of age, size, and body mass of snowshoe hares, Lepus americanus, on their susceptibility to predation by coyotes, Canis latrans. I observed coyote predation on naïve radio-collared hares during a fortuitous natural experiment: a coyote entered a predator exclosure fence in which hares of all ages had no previous experience with terrestrial predators, thus separating age from experience with this predator. I contrasted this manipulation

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5

Albecker, Molly, and Heather D. Vance-Chalcraft. "Mismatched anti-predator behavioral responses in predator-naïve larval anurans." PeerJ 3 (December 7, 2015): e1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1472.

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Organisms are adept at altering behaviors to balance the tradeoff between foraging and predation risk in spatially and temporally shifting predator environments. In order to optimize this tradeoff, prey need to be able to display an appropriate response based on degree of predation risk. To be most beneficial in the earliest life stages in which many prey are vulnerable to predation, innate anti-predator responses should scale to match the risk imposed by predators until learned anti-predator responses can occur. We conducted an experiment that examined whether tadpoles with no previous exposu

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6

Lerch, Brian A., and Maria R. Servedio. "Predation drives complex eco-evolutionary dynamics in sexually selected traits." PLOS Biology 21, no. 4 (2023): e3002059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002059.

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Predation plays a role in preventing the evolution of ever more complicated sexual displays, because such displays often increase an individual’s predation risk. Sexual selection theory, however, omits a key feature of predation in modeling costs to sexually selected traits: Predation is density dependent. As a result of this density dependence, predator–prey dynamics should feed back into the evolution of sexual displays, which, in turn, feeds back into predator–prey dynamics. Here, we develop both population and quantitative genetic models of sexual selection that explicitly link the evoluti

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7

Agostinho, Angelo Antonio, Carlos Sergio Agostinho, Fernando Mayer Pelicice, and Elineide Eugênio Marques. "Fish ladders: safe fish passage or hotspot for predation?" Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 4 (2012): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400001.

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Fish ladders are a strategy for conserving biodiversity, as they can provide connectivity between fragmented habitats and reduce predation on shoals that accumulate immediately below dams. Although the impact of predation downstream of reservoirs has been investigated, especially in juvenile salmonids during their downstream movements, nothing is known about predation on Neotropical fish in the attraction and containment areas commonly found in translocation facilities. This study analysed predation in a fish passage system at the Lajeado Dam on the Tocantins River in Brazil. The abundance, di

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8

Bennett, A. M., and D. L. Murray. "Carryover effects of phenotypic plasticity: embryonic environment and larval response to predation risk in Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and Northern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates pipiens)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no. 11 (2015): 867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0129.

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Limitations of phenotypic plasticity affect the success of individuals and populations in changing environments. We assessed the plasticity-history limitation on predator-induced defenses in anurans (Wood Frogs, Lithobates sylvaticus (LeConte, 1825), and Northern Leopard Frogs, Lithobates pipiens (Schreber, 1782)), predicting that plastic responses to predation risk by dragonfly larvae (family Aeshnidae) in the embryonic environment would limit the defensive response to predators in the larval environment. Predator-conditioned Wood Frog embryos increased relative tail depth in response to thos

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9

Beauchamp, Guy. "Susceptibility to Predation Varies with Body Mass, Foraging Niche, and Anti-Predator Responses among Bird Species." Birds 4, no. 1 (2023): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds4010006.

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Predation is a major source of mortality for many avian species. Species that face more predators, and those with less effective anti-predator responses, are presumably more likely to die from predation over time. Predation rate, as a measure of susceptibility to predation, is difficult to measure in the field. Radio-tracking studies, however, allow researchers to determine the time and cause of death of marked individuals, making it possible to estimate predation rate. I used estimates of predation rates from a large number of published radio-tracking studies in birds to assess in a phylogene

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10

Berry, Lainie. "Predation rates of artificial nests in the edge and interior of a southern Victorian forest." Wildlife Research 29, no. 4 (2002): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr01022.

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Predation rates of nests at human-induced habitat edges may be greater than in forest interior due to differences in predator assemblages and predator activity. I compared the predation rates on 192 artificial nests containing plasticine eggs placed in forest edge and interior sites at Bunyip State Park, Victoria. The nest-predation rates at the forest edge sites were significantly greater (mean = 52–58%) than that at the forest interior sites (mean = 30–39%). The relative rates of predation by birds compared with mammals were significantly greater at forest edge sites (mean = 78–94%) than at

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11

Leighton, Lindsey R. "Inferring predation intensity in the marine fossil record." Paleobiology 28, no. 3 (2002): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0328:ipiitm>2.0.co;2.

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Accurate estimates of predation intensity, the frequency of mortality from predation, are critical to studies of the evolution of species in response to predation, and to studies of predator-prey systems in general. Most commonly used indirect proxies for predation intensity in the fossil record have logistical or theoretical problems. Direct proxies, using actual traces of predatory activity, such as drilling and repair scars, may hold more promise. However, these direct proxies often have been used in conjunction with optimal foraging models, and in this context, the underlying assumptions a

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12

Schenk, Amber R., Thomas K. Stevens, and Amanda M. Hale. "Predator-Prey Dynamics Are Decoupled in the Raptor Community in a Large Urban Forest." Diversity 14, no. 3 (2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030177.

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Predator-prey dynamics are fundamental in shaping and regulating wildlife communities; however, these relationships are often altered by urbanization. An urban predation paradox, where predation rates are lower in urban areas despite an increase in predator abundance, has been observed in some predator communities. We looked for evidence of an urban predation paradox in a raptor community in a large urban forest fragment in north Texas, USA. From May–August 2019, we conducted weekly raptor surveys and deployed prey mimics along an urban-to-rural gradient within the forest fragment. We examined

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13

Tanis, Brian P., Bradley Bott, and Brian J. Gaston. "Sex-based differences in anti-predator response of crickets to chemical cues of a mammalian predator." PeerJ 6 (June 11, 2018): e4923. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4923.

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Anti-predator behaviors like vigilance or hiding come at the expense of other fitness increasing behaviors such as foraging. To compensate for this trade-off, prey assess predation risk and modify the frequency of anti-predator behaviors according to the likelihood of the threat. In this study, we tested the ability of house crickets (Acheta domesticus) to indirectly assess predation risk via odors from a mammalian predator, Elliot’s short-tailed shrew (Blarina hylophaga). As natural differences in encounter rates and predation risk differs between sexes, we tested if male and female crickets

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14

Pakyari, Hajar, and Rostislav Zemek. "The Effect of Light Cycles on the Predation Characteristics of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Feeding on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)." Plants 14, no. 5 (2025): 687. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14050687.

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Environmental factors, such as the duration of daylight, can significantly influence the predation ability of arthropod predators. This study aimed to examine the influence of photoperiods of 8:16 h, 12:12 h, and 16:8 h (L:D) on the predation rate of Phytoseiulus persimilis preying on Tetranychus urticae eggs under constant temperature. The daily predation rate (Dj) and the total number of prey eggs consumed (Pj) per predator increased with longer photophases, reaching their peak in the 16L:8D photoperiod. The highest net predation rate (C0) was observed under 16L:8D conditions (173.22 prey eg

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15

Gunzburger, M. S., and J. Travis. "Effects of multiple predator species on green treefrog (Hyla cinerea) tadpoles." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 7 (2005): 996–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-093.

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Prey species that occur across a range of habitats may be exposed to variable communities of multiple predator species across habitats. Predicting the combined effects of multiple predators can be complex. Many experiments evaluating the effects of multiple predators on prey confound either variation in predator density with predator identity or variation in relative predator frequency with overall predation rates. We develop a new experimental design of factorial predator combinations that maintains a constant expected predation rate, under the null hypothesis of additive predator effects. We

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16

Laurila, Anssi, Pierre-André Crochet, and Juha Merilä. "Predation-induced effects on hatchling morphology in the common frog (Rana temporaria)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 5 (2001): 926–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-045.

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As mortality due to predation is often high at early independent life stages in many animals, it can be expected that predation-induced modifications of early life history and morphology will be common when predation risk varies spatially or temporally. However, studies of such effects are still rare. Predation-induced changes in life history and morphology have often been described in amphibian larvae, but the focus has been on older larvae and little is known about responses of hatchlings or very young larvae. We examined whether predator presence influenced timing of hatching and hatchling

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17

ALAM, SHARIFUL. "RISK OF DISEASE-SELECTIVE PREDATION IN AN INFECTED PREY-PREDATOR SYSTEM." Journal of Biological Systems 17, no. 01 (2009): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339009002703.

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In this paper the mathematical model of disease-selective predation as proposed by Roy and Chattopadhyay10 is considered to identify the true risk of selective predation where the predator can recognize the infected prey and avoids those during predation. Furthermore, the model is modified by adding a discrete time delay in the term involving the gestation of prey by the predator and analyzed both numerically and analytically to review the risk factors.

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18

Fraser, Fiona J., and Peter J. Whitehead. "Predation of artificial ground nests in Australian tropical savannas: inverse edge effects." Wildlife Research 32, no. 4 (2005): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04021.

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Depredation of artificial ground nests was examined in tropical savanna in northern Australia to assess potential predation pressures on nests of the partridge pigeon (Geophaps smithii), a declining tropical granivore. Predation rates were examined at two sites, Kakadu National Park (which supported a relatively high density of partridge pigeons) and Berry Springs (which had greater habitat fragmentation and comparatively low partridge pigeon density). The effects of distance from road, understorey structure, topography and nest-microsite concealment on nest predation rates were examined. Arti

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19

Mihalitsis, Michalis, Renato A. Morais, and David R. Bellwood. "Small predators dominate fish predation in coral reef communities." PLOS Biology 20, no. 11 (2022): e3001898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001898.

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Ecosystem processes are challenging to quantify at a community level, particularly within complex ecosystems (e.g., rainforests, coral reefs). Predation is one of the most important types of species interactions, determining several ecosystem processes. However, while it is widely recognised, it is rarely quantified, especially in aquatic systems. To address these issues, we model predation on fish by fish, in a hyperdiverse coral reef community. We show that body sizes previously examined in fish–fish predation studies (based on a metanalysis), only represent about 5% of likely predation even

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20

Luo, Yantao, Long Zhang, Zhidong Teng, and Tingting Zheng. "Coexistence for an Almost Periodic Predator-Prey Model with Intermittent Predation Driven by Discontinuous Prey Dispersal." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7037245.

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An almost periodic predator-prey model with intermittent predation and prey discontinuous dispersal is studied in this paper, which differs from the classical continuous and impulsive dispersal predator-prey models. The intermittent predation behavior of the predator species only happens in the channels between two patches where the discontinuous migration movement of the prey species occurs. Using analytic approaches and comparison theorems of the impulsive differential equations, sufficient criteria on the boundedness, permanence, and coexistence for this system are established. Finally, num

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21

Stewart, Cohen, and Matthew McDougall. "Can small-scale predator control influence mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) nest survival? An experiment with artificial nests in Southland, New Zealand." Notornis 69, no. 1 (2022): 45. https://doi.org/10.63172/444682ccxvyr.

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Artificial mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) nests were used to identify potential nest predators and assess whether small, farm-scale predator control could reduce mallard nest predation in Southland, New Zealand. Artificial nests were deployed over the mallard nesting period (late winter – spring) in both 2019 and 2020 and monitored with motion detection cameras. Prior to 2020 artificial nest deployment, farm-scale trapping of mammalian predators was conducted on one farm whilst the other was left as a control. Feral cats (Felis catus), brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), and European hedg

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22

Gong, Lixin, Huan Wu, Zhiqiang Wang, Hui Wu, Jiang Feng, and Tinglei Jiang. "Do nocturnal birds use acoustic and visual cues to avoid predation by bats?" Integrative Zoology 19, no. 3 (2024): 524–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14818570.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Anti-predation strategies are critical to animal survival and are fundamental to deciphering predator–prey interactions. As an important defense strategy, sensory predator detection (such as through acoustic and visual cues) enables animals to assess predation risk and execute predator-avoidance behavior; however, there are limited studies on the anti-predation behavior of nocturnal animals. The prey of bats provides an excellent representative system for examining the anti-predation behavior of nocturnal animals. Here, we broadcasted differen

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23

Elvidge, Chris K., Indar Ramnarine, and Grant E. Brown. "Compensatory foraging in Trinidadian guppies: Effects of acute and chronic predation threats." Current Zoology 60, no. 3 (2014): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/60.3.323.

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Abstract In response to acute predation threats, prey may sacrifice foraging opportunities in favour of increased predator avoidance. Under conditions of high or frequent predation risk, such trade-offs may lead to reduced fitness. Here, we test the prediction that prey reduce the costs associated with lost opportunities following acute predation threats by exhibiting short-term compensatory foraging responses. Under semi-natural conditions, we exposed female guppies Poecilia reticulate from high and low predation risk sites to one of three levels of acute predation threat (high, intermediate

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24

Gabor, Caitlin, Julia Coyle, and Andrea Aspbury. "Effect of predation on male mating behaviour in a unisexual-bisexual mating system." Behaviour 147, no. 1 (2010): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579509x12483520922160.

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AbstractMate choice for conspecifics is beneficial when closely related species live in sympatry, but mate choice can be costly in the presence of predators. Male sailfin mollies are sexually parasitized by gynogenetic Amazon mollies. Amazon mollies must mate with male sailfin mollies to initiate embryogenesis, but inheritance is maternal. We tested if male sailfin molly mate choice for conspecific females is affected by predation risk. Male mate choice was tested in one of four treatments: (1) predation/no refuge, (2) predation/refuge, (3) no predation/refuge and (4) no predation/no refuge. P

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25

Maier, Thomas J., and Richard M. DeGraaf. "Predation on Japanese Quail vs. House Sparrow Eggs in Artificial Nests: Small Eggs Reveal Small Predators." Condor 102, no. 2 (2000): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.2.325.

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Abstract Nest predation studies frequently use eggs such as Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) to identify potential predators of Neotropical migrants' eggs, but such eggs may be too large or thick-shelled to identify the full complement of potential predators. We compared predation events and predators of Japanese Quail and smaller House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) eggs in paired, camera-monitored ground nests within edges and interiors of 40 mixed-hardwood forest stands in central Massachusetts. House Sparrow eggs were depredated significantly more than Japanese Quail eggs at both forest edg

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26

Hughes, Thomas W., Jennifer L. Tapley, James E. Kennamer, and Chad P. Lehman. "THE IMPACTS OF PREDATION ON WILD TURKEYS." Wildlife Society Bulletin 2005, S1 (2005): 117–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2328-5540.2005.tb00300.x.

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Abstract:Concerns that greater predator populations and accelerating habitat fragmentation may exacerbate impacts of predation on wild turkey (Meleagris spp.) populations prompted our examination of the literature on this subject. We found several major themes throughout this search. Variability in nest and renest initiation may account for low production in some populations and may be confused with effects of nest predation. For most wild turkey populations, nesting success was low, with predation responsible for the loss of most unsuccessful nests. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) were the most comm

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27

Engeman, Richard, R. Erik Martin, John Woolard, et al. "An ideal combination for marine turtle conservation: exceptional nesting season, with low nest predation resulting from effective low-cost predator management." Oryx 46, no. 2 (2011): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000020.

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AbstractWe examined impacts from effective predator management on nesting success of marine turtles in an exceptional nesting year at Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge, Florida, USA, a beach with a high density of nesting marine turtles that has a history of severe nest predation. Historically up to 95% of nests were predated, primarily by raccoons Procyon lotor and, more recently, armadillos Dasypus novemcinctus. Predator control was identified as the most important conservation tool for marine turtle reproduction. Predator management by refuge staff as ancillary duties typically only held

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28

Engeman, Richard M., R. Erik Martin, Henry T. Smith, et al. "Impact on predation of sea turtle nests when predator control was removed midway through the nesting season." Wildlife Research 33, no. 3 (2006): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05049.

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The beach at Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge (HSNWR) is a high-density nesting beach serving three species of threatened and endangered sea turtles. Historically, up to 95% of turtle nests at HSNWR were lost to predation by raccoons and armadillos. Consequently, predator control was identified as the most important conservation tool at HSNWR, and predator control optimised by predator monitoring led to highly successful results whereby predation had been reduced to low levels (7–13.5% of monitored nests) in 2002 and 2003. In 2004, funding shortfalls caused predator control to be curtailed

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29

Kurz, David J., Katherine M. Straley, and Brett A. DeGregorio. "Out-foxing the red fox: how best to protect the nests of the Endangered loggerhead marine turtle Caretta caretta from mammalian predation?" Oryx 46, no. 2 (2011): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000147.

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AbstractRecovery plans for the Endangered loggerhead marine turtle Caretta caretta cite mammalian predation as a major threat, and recommend nest protection efforts, already present at many rookery beaches, to protect eggs and hatchlings. Nest protection techniques vary but wire box cages and plastic mesh screens are two common tools used to deter predation by a host of beach-foraging, opportunistic mammalian predators. We empirically tested the efficacy of wire cages and plastic mesh screens in preventing red fox Vulpes vulpes predation on artificial nests. Both techniques averted fox predati

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30

Fonseca, Aldeiza M., and Bruno S. Sant'Anna. "Predation on eggs of the apple snail Pomacea dolioides (Reeve, 1856) in rural and urban areas of the Amazon." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 6 (2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19095.

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This study investigated the predation of eggs of the apple snail Pomacea dolioides in Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil. Predation was compared between rural and urban areas, period of day, shaded and unshaded clutches. In addition, we evaluated clutch height and the behaviour of predators. Between April 2017 and July 2018, 962 egg clutches were observed at different times of the day: 492 in rural areas with predation of 68 egg clutches and 470 in urban areas with predation of only 9 egg clutches. Significant differences were recorded for predation rate and differences were recorded for egg clutch

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31

Groenewoud, Frank, Sjouke A. Kingma, Kat Bebbington, David S. Richardson, and Jan Komdeur. "Experimentally induced antipredator responses are mediated by social and environmental factors." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 4 (2019): 986–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz039.

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AbstractNest predation is a common cause of reproductive failure for many bird species, and various antipredator defense behaviors have evolved to reduce the risk of nest predation. However, trade-offs between current reproductive duties and future reproduction often limit the parent’s ability to respond to nest predation risk. Individual responses to experimentally increased nest predation risk can give insights into these trade-offs. Here, we investigate whether social and ecological factors affect individual responses to predation risk by experimentally manipulating the risk of nest predati

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32

Miller, C. W., and S. D. Hollander. "Predation on heliconia bugs, Leptoscelis tricolor: examining the influences of crypsis and predator color preferences." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 1 (2010): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-128.

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Анотація:

Individuals in natural populations commonly vary in color, and such color variation can be important for survival under predation pressure. Potential prey may be more likely to survive when they are cryptic against their backgrounds. Alternatively, individual coloration, regardless of background, may itself best predict predation events. Few studies have simultaneously tested the importance of crypsis and predator color preferences in explaining predation events. In this study we used objective measures of coloration to examine whether heliconia bugs, Leptoscelis tricolor Westwood, 1842 (Hemip

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33

Duplisea, Daniel E. "Running the gauntlet: the predation environment of small fish in the northern Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada." ICES Journal of Marine Science 62, no. 3 (2005): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.11.005.

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Abstract Predation size spectra were constructed for the northern Gulf of St Lawrence, covering prey size ranges that include pre-recruit cod. Predation by fish and harp seals was modelled with a log-normally distributed predator–prey size ratio along with a relationship between predator body size and the energy required. Fish concentrate predation on prey of weight 0.5–2 g, whereas harp seals prefer prey of 60–125 g. It is speculated that predation caused by harp seals on pre-recruits could be a major factor limiting cod recruitment in the system. The northern Gulf of St Lawrence is a cold bo

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P. Brown, Kerry. "Predation at nests of two New Zealand endemic passerines; implications for bird community restoration." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (1997): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970091.

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Predation at North Island Robin Petroica australis longipes and North Island Tomtit Petroica macrocephala toitoi nests was studied in New Zealand over the 1993/94 breeding season to determine impacts of predators. Infra-red, time-lapse video photography and sign left after predation were used to identify predators at nests. Accurate estimates of predation rates depended on early detection of nests. Previous studies of predation may have greatly under-estimated predation rates and therefore predation impacts. Predation was patchy and intense, resulting in failure to produce young in some territ

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35

Fonner, Christopher W., and Sarah K. Woodley. "Testing the predation stress hypothesis: behavioural and hormonal responses to predator cues in Allegheny Mountain dusky salamanders." Behaviour 152, no. 6 (2015): 797–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003254.

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Анотація:

The predation stress hypothesis posits that exposure to predators and/or predator cues causes release of glucocorticoid hormones which coordinate behavioural responses that facilitate predator avoidance. We measured responses to short-term and repeated exposure to predator-derived kairomones in Allegheny Mountain dusky salamanders (Desmognathus ochrophaeus). Salamanders expressed predator avoidance behaviours (reduced locomotion, reduced mating behaviour) in the presence of predator kairomones. However, plasma glucocorticoids after short-term exposure to predator kairomones were similar to lev

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36

Kinoshita, Hikari, Yasuhiro Kamimura, Ken-Ichiro Mizuno, and Jun Shoji. "Night-time predation on post-settlement Japanese black rockfish Sebastes cheni in a macroalgal bed: effect of body length on the predation rate." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 4 (2013): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst033.

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Abstract Recent field studies have pointed out that the vulnerability of juvenile fish to predation is higher than anticipated during night-time in vegetated habitats. Effects of abundance, body length, and growth rate on predation were examined in juvenile Japanese black rockfish in 2009–2011 in a macroalgal bed. Juvenile rockfish abundance ranged between 2.5 and 49.0 ind. 100 m–2 and the biomass of potential predators (piscivorous fish >82.5 mm) between 140.0 and 601.3 g 100 m−2. Sebastes inermis was the most dominant predator, compromising more than 50% by wet weight on all sampling days

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37

Costa, Claylton Abreu, Lucas Rafael Uchôa, Sâmia Caroline Melo Araújo, Mariane Silva Oliveira, and Etielle Barroso Andrade. "Predator-prey: predation strategies of Leptodactylus macrosternum and defensive behavior of Leptodactylus fuscus." Acta Brasiliensis 6, no. 2 (2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22571/2526-4338586.

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Анотація:

Congeneric predation between two Leptodactylus species was recorded and information was collected on the predation strategy of L. macrosternum and the defensive behavior and distress call of L. fuscus. The entire predation event lasted about 90 min and ended when predator tore integument of the prey's ventral region, facilitating swallowing. The distress call description was based on a record of 40 s containing seven calls, consisting of a pulsatile and harmonically complex structure composed of two notes. Although the batrachophagy is well-documented in the genus Leptodactylus, descriptions o

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38

Moseby, Katherine E., Melissa A. Jensen, and Jack Tatler. "Dietary flexibility and high predator efficacy facilitate coexistence in a novel predator interaction." Journal of Mammalogy 103, no. 1 (2021): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab120.

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Анотація:

Abstract Predator diet can be influenced by competition and intraguild predation, leading to resource partitioning and/or avoidance. For sympatric, endemic predators, these processes form as predator species coevolve, facilitating coexistence. However, when novel predator interactions occur, significant dietary overlap could create acute levels of competition leading to intraguild predation and population extinction, or accelerated changes in diet and/or spatial and temporal avoidance. We measured diet, intraguild predation, and spatial and temporal overlap in two predator species in a novel p

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39

Essington, Timothy E., and Sture Hansson. "Predator-dependent functional responses and interaction strengths in a natural food web." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 11 (2004): 2215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-146.

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Анотація:

Predator-dependent functional responses decouple predation mortality from fluctuations in predator abundance and therefore can prevent strong "top-down" interaction strengths in food webs. We evaluated whether contrasts in the functional response of Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua) were consistent with the contrasting population dynamics of two prey species, herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus): sprat abundance increased nearly threefold following a sharp decline in the cod population (a strong interaction), whereas herring abundance failed to increase (a weak interaction). We

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40

Torgersen, Thomas. "Aggregated predators and vulnerability-independent mortality of prey." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 7 (2007): 941–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-066.

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Анотація:

I present a mechanistic predation model with explicit representation of predator aggregation for analysing the relationship between mortality rate of prey and their vulnerability (e.g., conspicuousness, escape ability). The model is developed for an aquatic setting with plankton as prey and planktivores as predators, but the principle is general. When predators are aggregated, encounters between prey and predators are not independent events. This means that a prey that runs into one predator is more likely to run into more predators, and any prey that runs into a high number of predators will

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41

Septriani, Utari, My Syahrawati, and Arneti Arneti. "Does competition between Pardosa pseudoannulata and Menochilus sexmaculatus reduce the predation rate on brown planthopper?" CROPSAVER - Journal of Plant Protection 6, no. 2 (2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/cropsaver.v6i2.51131.

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Анотація:

Pardosa pseudoannulata and Menochilus sexmaculatus are classified as natural enemies of the brown planthopper or BPH (Nilaparvata lugens). This study aimed to determine the effect of differences in density on mortality and their predation rate in suppressing the BPH population. This study used a completely randomized design of 15 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of different densities of two predators (1, 2, and 3 individuals). The variables observed were predator mortality, predation rate, competition between predators, and competition behavior. The results showed that

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42

Solonen, Tapio. "Vulnerability of Prey Species to Predation by Two Sympatric Accipitrine Hawks in Rural and Peri-Urban Landscapes in Southern Finland." Animals 15, no. 4 (2025): 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15040512.

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This study assesses how the predation by the Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus and the Eurasian goshawk Astur gentilis may affect the composition of prey communities breeding in rural and peri-urban landscapes. It asks how consistent the vulnerability of prey species is between different predator species and landscapes and which characteristics of prey species affect their vulnerability. Vulnerability of prey species to predation was characterised by the difference between the proportion of the prey species in the sample of prey items caught and the proportion of the species in the local po

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43

Yang, Yuan-Gang, Guo-Zhen Shang, Xue-Qin Wu, et al. "Effects of parasites and predators on nociception: decreases analgesia reduces overwinter survival in root voles (Rodentia: Cricetidae)." Zoologia 38 (July 7, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e67845.

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Анотація:

Growing evidence suggests that parasite-infected prey is more vulnerable to predation. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is obscure. In small mammals, analgesia induced by environmental stressors is a fundamental component of the defensive repertoire, promoting defensive responses. Thus, the reduced analgesia may impair the defensive ability of prey and increase their predation risk. This study aimed to determine whether coccidia infection increases the vulnerability to predation in root voles, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776), by decreased analgesia. Herein, a predator stimul

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44

Neumann, Viola, Matthias Schaber, Margit Eero, Uwe Böttcher, and Friedrich W. Köster. "Quantifying predation on Baltic cod early life stages." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 6 (2017): 833–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0215.

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Анотація:

Predation on cod (Gadus morhua) eggs by sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and herring (Clupea harengus) is known to be one of the processes influencing reproductive success of the eastern Baltic cod and has been reported to have contributed to lack of recovery of the stock in the 1990s. This study quantifies the predation on cod eggs in the Bornholm Basin, the major spawning area of cod in the central Baltic Sea, in the 1990s in comparison with the second half of the 2000s. The analyses involve estimating daily consumption rates of predator populations, which are then compared with corresponding daily

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45

Yang, Yuan-Gang, Guo-Zhen Shang, Xue-Qin Wu, et al. "Effects of parasites and predators on nociception: decreases analgesia reduces overwinter survival in root voles (Rodentia: Cricetidae)." Zoologia 38 (July 7, 2021): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.38.e67845.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Growing evidence suggests that parasite-infected prey is more vulnerable to predation. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is obscure. In small mammals, analgesia induced by environmental stressors is a fundamental component of the defensive repertoire, promoting defensive responses. Thus, the reduced analgesia may impair the defensive ability of prey and increase their predation risk. This study aimed to determine whether coccidia infection increases the vulnerability to predation in root voles, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas, 1776), by decreased analgesia. Herein, a predator stimul

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46

Lucatero, Azucena, Shalene Jha, and Stacy M. Philpott. "Local Habitat Complexity and Its Effects on Herbivores and Predators in Urban Agroecosystems." Insects 15, no. 1 (2024): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects15010041.

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Анотація:

In urban community gardens, cultivated vegetation provides variable levels of habitat complexity, which can suppress pests by promoting predator diversity and improving pest control. In this study, we examine three components of the structural complexity of garden vegetation (cover, diversity, and connectivity) to investigate whether higher garden vegetation complexity leads to fewer herbivores, more predators, and higher predation. We worked in eight community gardens where we quantified vegetation complexity, sampled the arthropod community, and measured predation on corn earworm eggs. We fo

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47

Tamba, Tua A. "Modeling and bifurcation analysis of an intraguild predation system." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v12.i2.pp103-110.

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Анотація:

This paper proposes a mathematical model of an asymmetric intraguild (IG) predation system with an exclusive alternative resource. In particular, this paper analyzes the effects that the exclusive alternative resource has on the consumption/predation behaviors of both the IG predator and IG prey species in the system. The results presented on this paper show that, if the IG predator is less competitive in consumption and less efficient in conversion of the shared resource than that of the IG prey, then there exists a lower bound on the value of the predation rate parameter that should be maint

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48

Tua, Agustinus Tamba. "Modeling and bifurcation analysis of an intraguild predation system." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 12, no. 2 (2023): 103–10. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v12.i2.pp103-110.

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Анотація:

This paper proposes a mathematical model of an asymmetric intraguild (IG) predation system with an exclusive alternative resource. In particular, this paper analyzes the effects that the exclusive alternative resource has on the consumption/predation behaviors of both the IG predator and IG prey species in the system. The results presented on this paper show that, if the IG predator is less competitive in consumption and less efficient in conversion of the shared resource than that of the IG prey, then there exists a lower bound on the value of the predation rate parameter that should be maint

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49

Yang, Haibo, Jiaoyi Du, Lei Wang, et al. "Predation Risk Effects of Harmonia axyridis on the Development and Fecundity of Periphyllus koelreuteriae." Insects 16, no. 7 (2025): 695. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects16070695.

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Анотація:

In the scenario that requires the biological control of pests using predatory enemies, predators not only prey on pests directly but also can affect the population fitness of pests through indirect non-consumptive effects (predation risk effects). However, the impact of predation risk effects varies depending on the mode of stress imposed by natural enemies and the state of the stressed pests. Herein, we exposed aphids (Periphyllus koelreuteriae) at different stages to various cues from the multicolored Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis) to assess the effects of different predation risks on

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Hulthén, Kaj, Ben B. Chapman, P. Anders Nilsson, et al. "Escaping peril: perceived predation risk affects migratory propensity." Biology Letters 11, no. 8 (2015): 20150466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0466.

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Although migratory plasticity is increasingly documented, the ecological drivers of plasticity are not well understood. Predation risk can influence migratory dynamics, but whether seasonal migrants can adjust their migratory behaviour according to perceived risk is unknown. We used electronic tags to record the migration of individual roach ( Rutilus rutilus ), a partially migratory fish, in the wild following exposure to manipulation of direct (predator presence/absence) and indirect (high/low roach density) perceived predation risk in experimental mesocosms. Following exposure, we released

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