Готові списки джерел за темами / Pregnancy disease

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pregnancy disease"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pregnancy disease":

Batyrovna, Tilyakhodjaeva Gulbakhor. "PECULIARITIES OF VARICOSE VEIN DISEASE IN PREGNANCY." International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/volume02issue04-01.

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The article under discussion depicts peculiarities of varicose vein disease in pregnancy. Venous disease in women often complicates pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Venous insufficiency complicates pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period and leads to increased maternal morbidity and mortality. The author of the article considers that correction of placental dysfunction, especially in the early stages, can significantly improve perinatal outcomes.

Dissemond, Joachim, Philipp Al Ghazal, Katharina Herberger, Jörg Schaller, and Anke Strölin. "Significant Exacerbation of Darier's Disease and Pregnancy." Dermatology and Dermatitis 3, no. 1 (October 1, 2018): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8949/044.

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Darier's disease, also known as keratosis follicularis or Darier-White disease, is an autosomal dominant inherited condition. The disease usually has its onset in the teenage years, meaning it co-exists with the years of fertility in women. The potential dermatological and obstetric implications of Darrier's Disease, especially when it involves the groin and vulva, have not been well reported. We report a case of Darier's Disease associated with multiple antibiotic resistant folliculitis involving skin of the breasts, groin, vulva and perineum that precluded safe vaginal delivery.

Modiya, Dr Rohan A., Dr Shirish B. Raval, and Dr Seema S. Khetani. "Outcome in Rheumatic Heart Disease in Pregnancy." International Journal of Scientific Research 1, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/dec2012/58.

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Rakhimovna, Khudoyarova Dildora, and Yusupov Orzimurod Shomurodovich. "VARICOSE DISEASE AND PRECNANCY." International Journal of Medical Sciences And Clinical Research 03, no. 04 (April 1, 2023): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijmscr/volume03issue04-07.

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The article presents observational data of patients with varicose veins and analyzes the course of pregnancy. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the type of varicose veins, the control group consisted of healthy pregnant women who developed varicose veins during this pregnancy. The work was carried out on the basis of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1 of the Samarkand State Medical University. The study revealed exacerbation of the phenomena of varicose veins in the second - third trimester of pregnancy, as well as complications of pregnancy compared with the control group.

Golovach, I. Yu, and Ye D. Yehudina. "Perygravid management of rheumatic disease." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 2(148) (March 30, 2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.148.42.

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Management of inflammatory rheumatic diseases in preconception period, pregnancy and breastfeeding has undergone significant changes over the past few years. Modern therapy, including biological and targeted synthetic disease modifying drugs, has significantly improved the control of rheumatic diseases, which has led to an increase in the patients’ number planning a pregnancy with serious diseases. When consulting such patients, it is necessary to discuss the possible time of conception (regarding the activity of the disease), the effect of the disease on pregnancy and pregnancy on the disease, as well as the potential need to change the regimen of medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding. This review summarizes information on the effects of pregnancy on various rheumatic diseases and vice versa, changes in therapy and monitoring of patients with rheumatic diseases before, during and after pregnancy. Women with inflammatory rheumatic diseases need advice on drug therapy before planning pregnancy, during pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Safe disease-modifying drugs that can be taken during pregnancy are hydroxychloroquine, sulfosalazine, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. Glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can also be taken up to 32 weeks of gestation. Most inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) are also safe during pregnancy. During pregnancy, a clear monitoring of the activity of the disease is necessary, control of the level of autoantibodies, especially anti-SSA / Ro and anti-SSB / La and antiphospholipid antibodies, an assessment of the degree of organ dysfunction, especially kidney damage. Presented are modern approaches to optimizing the management of inflammatory rheumatic disease during pregnancy. For patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, a successful pregnancy outcome is optimized by creating an individual plan to suppress disease activity using a targeted approach. Key words: pregnancy, rheumatic diseases, treatment, lactation, management tactics, drugs.

Davies, Gregory A. L., and William N. P. Herbert. "HEART DISEASE IN PREGNANCY 2: Congenital Heart Disease in Pregnancy." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 29, no. 5 (May 2007): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1701-2163(16)35492-5.

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Vyas, Rupa, Priya Gupta, Sapana Shah, and Komal Rangoliya. "Cardiovascular disease in pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2019): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20193821.

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Background: Maternal cardiac disease is a major cause of non-obstetric maternal morbidity and mortality. The care of pregnant women with cardiac disease requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving obstetricians, cardiologists and anesthesiologist.Methods: A prospective analytical study of maternal heart disease and its fetomaternal outcome is carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at tertiary hospital and teaching institute. The study was carried out on 50 cases belonging to age group 18-50 years with various cardiac diseases during their pregnancy and peripartum period.Results: In this study, 78% of the cases were registered with our hospital. The present study shows about 32% of the women having cardiac disease were in the age group of 20-25 years. 34% belonged to NYHA class II and had a relatively uneventful peripartum period. Among all forms of heart disease, RHD was common constituting 26% of cases. Most common condition associated with cardiac disease in pregnancy was preeclampsia (36%) in our study, with anemia being other one (10%). The common complications were congestive cardiac failure (12%) and pulmonary edema (8%). Combination of diuretics and beta blockers was used most commonly (22%). 56% of women delivered with caesarean section. 42 patients delivered after age of viability with 29 (69%) term deliveries and 13 (30%) preterm deliveries with 8 requiring NICU care.Conclusions: Valvular heart disease of rheumatic origin is the most common cardiac disease associated with pregnancy.The availability of adequate systems of early diagnosis of cardiac lesion, reference to tertiary care center & close monitoring of patient and delivery with multidisciplinary approach include specialized cardiologic care, high risk obstetric support and neonatology expertise that can minimize the serious consequences and helps to improve fetomaternal outcome. Pre-conceptional counseling and surgical correction of certain conditions improves maternal as well as fetal outcome. Awareness needs to be created about heart diseases during pregnancy and the importance of regular antenatal check-ups.

Erez, Y., S. B. Kocaer, G. Can, M. Birlik, F. Onen, and İ. Sari. "AB0769 Treatment outcomes of patients with biological therapy during pregnancy and effect of pregnancy planning on treatment preferance of rheumatologists." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1511.1–1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.3115.

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BackgroundRheumatic diseases occur mostly in adults at reproductive age. In addition to the impact of disease course on fetal and maternal health, safety concerns regarding the effects of biological drugs on the course of pregnancy have come to the fore with the introduction and widespread use of them. Unlike other biological treatments, all tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists can be used during pregnancy.ObjectivesTo investigate clinical features, treatment characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of patients with biological treatment and evaluate impact of planning pregnancy on treatment preferance.MethodsThe study was planned between January 2015 and December 2021. Patients who received biological treatment at conception were determined retrospectively. Demographycal data, clinical features, treatment characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were recorded.Results15 patients (mean age 37.2±4) were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 25.6±5.4 and age at gestational was 33±3.9. Mean follow-up duration was 96±55 months. Median period of biological therapy was found 37 (1-156) months. Six (40%) patients were diagnosed with Axial Spondyloarthritis, 6 (40%) Psoriatic Arthritis, 1 (6.6%) Rheumatoid arthritis. While 12 (80%) patients had planned (wanted) pregnancies, 10 (66%) patients were evaluated as eligible for pregnancy in terms of rheumatological disease by rheumatologists. 13 (86.6%) patients were in remission/partial remission before pregnancy. 5 (33.3%) patients were using steroid and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were stopped before conception. 10 (66.6%) patients were receiving certolizumab, 4 (26.7%) patients were receiving adalimumab. It was found that the treatment of the patient who received rituximab was interrupted due to the pregnancy planning. While certolizumab treatment continued in 6 (60%) patients during pregnancy, the treatment of patients receiving adalimumab was discontinued within first trimester. Activation of disease was occurred in 2 patients whose therapy interrupted. Biological treatment was restarted during pregnancy in 3 of 9 patients whose biological treatment was discontinued. No perinatal complication was developed except premature rupture of membranes in one patient. It was observed that all infants were healthy at birth, but baby of the mother who received certolizumab was diagnosed mental retardation in early childhood.ConclusionIn this study, it was established that the majority of patients using TNF antagonist during pregnancy;1-Having wanted/planned pregnancy,2-Being in remission or low disease activity before pregnancy,3-Not experiencing disease activation during pregnancy.In this study, it was concluded that having a pregnancy plan may be an important factor for rheumatologists to decide type of TNF antagonist, and physicians tend to prefer certolizumab in patients with pregnancy plan.Table 1.Baseline clinical and treatment characteristicsAge, years37.2±4Age, at diagnosis25.6±5.4Age, at gestation33±3.9Follow-up duration, months96±55Biologic treatment duration, months37 (1-156)Rheumatologic diseasen (%) -Spondyloarthritis6 (40) -Psoriatic arthritis6 (40) -Rheumatoid arthritis1 (6.6) -Behcet disease1 (6.6) -Systemic lupus eritematosus1 (6.6)Biologic treatmentn (%) -Certolizumab*10 (66.6) -Adalimumab*4 (26.7)Discontinuation of treatment9 (60)Restart3 (33.3)Disease activityRemission/partial remission*13 (86.6)Activation during pregnancy3 (20)*At conceptionDisclosure of InterestsNone declared

N.I., Zakirova. "MANAGEMENT OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH THYROID DISEASE." Frontline Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Journal 02, no. 03 (March 1, 2022): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/medical-fmspj-02-03-13.

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The course of pregnancy, thyroid status, hormonal levels were studied in 96 women with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). It was found that pregnant women have a number of complications (54.8%) from the mother and the fetus, AIT has an unfavorable effect on the course of pregnancy, there is a high risk of miscarriage and termination of pregnancy, there is a decrease in the level of thyroid hormones and an increase in the level of TSH in comparison with similar indicators of healthy pregnant women. For the prevention of complications of gestation and prematurity of pregnancy in women with AIT, a planned determination of TSH blood from early gestation is recommended.

Gross man, R. F., and Sami Micheal. "Management Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: Preconception, and the Postpartum Complications." Endocrinology and Disorders 1, no. 3 (December 5, 2017): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1045/012.

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Pregnancy has a profound impact on the thyroid gland and thyroid function since the thyroid may encounter changes to hormones and size during pregnancy. The diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum is complex but knowledge regarding the interaction between the thyroids and pregnancy/the postpartum period is advancing at a rapid pace. For women known to have hypothyroidism, an increase in thyroxine dose by 20–40% when pregnancy is confirmed usually ensures they remain euthyroid. Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is recommended if the woman has antithyroid antibodies. Treatment of hyperthyroidism, unless it is related to human chorionic gonadotrophin, involves propylthiouracil in the first trimester. Carbimazole may be used in the second trimester. Thyroid function tests are checked every month and every two weeks following a change in dose. Women with a current or a past history of Graves’ disease who have thyrotropin receptor antibodies require early specialist referral as there is a 1–5% risk of fetal hyperthyroidism. Women with thyroid disorders in pregnancy should be followed up by their GP in the postpartum period. Postpartum thyroiditis may present months after delivery.

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Дисертації з теми "Pregnancy disease":

Shub, Alexis. "Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes." University of Western Australia. School of Women's and Infants' Health, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0184.

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[Truncated abstract] Periodontal disease is a common and underdiagnosed disease in humans that may have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of periodontal disease in pregnancy by means of two observational human studies and the development of animal models of fetal and uterine exposure to periodontopathic bacteria and lipopolysaccharide. I performed a prospective study examining the rates of preterm birth, small for gestational age neonates and neonatal inflammation in 277 women who had undergone a detailed antenatal periodontal examination and oral health questionnaire. Periodontal disease was associated with small for gestational age neonates, and increased CRP levels in umbilical cord blood, but no effect was seen on the rate of preterm birth. Maternal oral health symptoms predicted both periodontal disease and newborn biometry. In a retrospective case control study, I examined the role of periodontal disease in perinatal mortality. Participants included 53 women who had experienced a perinatal loss for which no cause could be found after thorough investigation, and 111 control women. Women who had experienced a perinatal loss were more than twice as likely as controls to have periodontal disease. The incidence of periodontal disease was even higher in women in whom the perinatal loss was due to extreme prematurity. In contrast to my prospective study, risks to the pregnancy could not be predicted by maternal oral health behaviours or oral health symptoms. In order to better understand the mechanisms regulating the associations described in the human studies, two animal models were developed; one to investigate acute exposure and the second to investigate long-term exposure to periodontal pathogens. The first study examined the effects of administration of a bolus of periodontopathic bacteria and lipopolysaccharide to the pregnant sheep. Injection of bacteria and lipopolysaccharide in the amniotic fluid of the pregnant preterm sheep caused a high rate of fetal lethality, disturbance of fetal acid base status and inflammation of the fetus and membranes. Given the circumstances of exposure to periodontopathic pathogens in human periodontal disease, a model investigating long-term exposure to periodontopathic lipopolysaccharide on pregnancy outcomes was developed. ... Overall, I have demonstrated that maternal periodontal disease is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction and possibly perinatal loss. Mechanisms regulating these effects are likely to be mediated by fetal adaptations to intrauterine inflammation resulting in altered fetal development, growth or survival. Randomised controlled trials that are currently in progress will provide further information on the effects of periodontal disease in human pregnancy, and the efficacy of treatment to reduce these adverse outcomes.

Price, Tabitha. "Periodontal Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Treatment Recommendations for the Pregnant Patient." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2530.

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Rodie, Vanessa Angela. "Metabolic complications of pregnancy and cardiovascular disease risk." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421118.

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Curry, Ruth. "Studies in pre-existing heart disease and pregnancy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44495.

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Aims: To study the effect of pre-existing maternal cardiac disease on cardiovascular function during pregnancy, and on obstetric and fetal/neonatal outcomes, and to investigate maternal risk factors for adverse events. Methods: Retrospective case note review. Results: Four hundred and eighty-nine pregnancies in 326 women were studied. Most pregnancies (50%) occurred in women with congenital heart disease. There were 4 maternal deaths, 6 stillbirths and 5 neonatal deaths. Cardiovascular events occurred in 7.4% of pregnancies, while obstetric and perinatal complications occurred in 34% and 30% of pregnancies respectively. Conclusions: Pregnancy in women with pre-existing heart disease continues to be associated with high rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. This work highlights the importance of effective prepregnancy counselling and meticulous surveillance during pregnancy, delivery and the puerperium by an experienced multidisciplinary team. Additionally there is an urgent need for well-designed randomisedcontrolled trials to determine best practice.

Sturgiss, S. N. "Renal haemodynamic reserve during pregnancy in health and disease." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321301.

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Moore, Suzanne. "The relationship between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399114.

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Sotiriadis, Georgios. "Innate immune molecules in preterm birth and disease." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12777.

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Preterm labour is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Most premature babies die before the age of five, and if they survive they face a high risk of disabilities and impairments. SP-A and SP-D are pattern recognition, innate immune molecules that are responsible for the maintenance of pulmonary immunity and surfactant homeostasis. They have been localised in the human reproductive tract and implicated in pregnancy and the initiation of labour. We hypothesised that SP-A and SP-D could play an active role in the activation of the myometrium and the timing of parturition. In this study we investigated the effects of the recombinant forms of SP-A and SP-D (rhSP-A and rhSP-D) on contractile events in the myometrium. We validated the expression of surfactant proteins A and D in the in vitro model of myometrium cell line, ULTR, using qPCR, immunofluorescence and ImageStream technology. We demonstrate that rhSP-A and rhSP-D treatments led to an increase in cell motility and had an effect on the contractile response of ULTR cells when grown on collagen matrices showing reduced surface area. We studied this effect further by measuring the expression of contraction-associated protein genes. rhSP-A and rhSP-D led to an increase in the expression of oxytocin receptor and connexin 43. We reported that both rhSP-A and rhSP-D induce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8. We also propose a new model for functional progesterone withdrawal showing a cross-talk between progesterone (including non-genomic effects) and SP-A. Emerging evidence has linked shredding of the uterine wall with ovarian cancer cases, suggestive of an interaction between myometrium and ovaries. We investigated the effects of rhSP-D in ovarian cancer in vitro using SKOV3 cells as a model. Conditioned media from ULTRs treated with rhSP-D resulted in growth arrest of SKOV3. We also demonstrated that rhSP-D led to a decrease in cell motility and cell proliferation in these cells. This was followed by an inhibition of the mTOR pathway activity. We expanded on our observations by measuring expression of SP-A and SP-D in human myometrial samples as well as the expression of SP-D in human ovaries. Collectively, this study presents novel interactions of SP-A and SP-D at both myometrial and ovarian level, rendering them key molecules for conditions such as preterm labour as well as implicating them as therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.

Lawley, Claire Margaret. "Outcomes in structural heart disease in New South Wales, Australia: From paediatrics to pregnancy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20465.

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Aim To characterise and explore the contemporary outcomes at key points in the life of individuals in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, who have undergone a procedure for structural heart disease. Methods The population with structural heart disease was identified and outcomes at key points in life were evaluated using different methodologies; record linkage, retrospective cohort study and systematic review. Health and education outcomes of children with structural heart disease were evaluated via population-based record-linkage cohort studies. The role of advanced imaging methods in managing structural heart disease in paediatrics was evaluated via literature review. A retrospective cohort study was used to evaluate individuals who had undergone a percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation for structural heart disease. Health outcomes of women (and their offspring) who had undergone a prosthetic heart valve placement prior to pregnancy were evaluated using population-based record-linkage studies, systematic review and meta-analysis Results The main findings of this thesis include: -Structural heart disease in NSW requiring procedural management in the first year of life affects 2.5 per 1 000 births. Immediate health outcomes such as length of stay and mortality are similar to other centers. -Children who have had a cardiac procedure demonstrate a greater incidence of poor education outcome. Sociodemographic risk factors and ongoing health status are the major predictors of educational outcomes. -Novel imaging strategies can aid diagnosis, monitoring and management in complex structural heart disease. -Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation, for rehabilitation of the right ventricular outflow tract in structural heart disease, has a low risk of a serious adverse event and shorter length of stay than historical surgical options. -The risk of severe maternal morbidity, a cardiovascular event, preterm birth and small-for-gestation age infants remains higher for women with a heart valve prosthesis than a pregnancy in the general population. Conclusions From early childhood to adult life, including child bearing years, individuals who have undergone a cardiac procedure for structural heart disease remain at risk of altered health status. This includes additional hospitalisations, maternal morbidity as well as adverse developmental and educational outcomes compared to the general population. Contemporary data demonstrates improvements in some domains. Evolution in multi-disciplinary, life-long care provides hope for further ameliorating outcomes.

Cauldwell, Matthew. "The management of pregnancy and labour in women with cardiac disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/53283.

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Within my thesis I have shown that women with congenital heart disease are amenable to preconception counselling, but that many women are not referred to see a specialist cardiologist or obstetrician prior to pregnancy. Women with more severe forms of heart disease such as a Fontan repair have worse obstetric outcomes with high rates of miscarriage, preterm delivery and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), hence the importance of comprehensive counselling prior to pregnancy. When women are counselled prior to pregnancy regarding the potential risks that they face, I have shown that the quoted risk of an adverse event assessed by an experienced clinician has a better correlation with actual outcome than other validated scoring systems such as the modified WHO score. Women with congenital heart disease are at much greater than average risk of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). My analysis has shown that after correcting for known risk factors for PPH, women with a Fontan repair are at the highest risk of increased blood loss, and that low molecular weight heparin at both a prophylactic and therapeutic dose is associated with higher rates of PPH even when stopped at an appropriate time prior to delivery. I have focussed on the management of labour in women with heart disease, in particular of the second and third stages. Having shown that a restricted second stage for women with heart disease recommended by the multidisciplinary team (MDT) is often not adhered to in our actual clinical practice, my pilot study showed that there was only a modest measured haemodynamic effect of pushing (bearing down), with a small but significant increase in maternal heart rate in the active second stage of labour. I have found from a literature review and from our own historical dataset that the practice of a restricted oxytocin regimen for the management of the third stage (designed to minimise cardiovascular side-effects) is associated with greater rates of PPH, mainly due to uterine atony. In a prospective cohort study, women with heart disease were allocated to either a low dose infusion or a combination of the low dose infusion with an initial bolus of 2IU of oxytocin over ten minutes; those receiving the additional oxytocin had a significantly lower volume of blood loss and rate of PPH. Importantly, the women receiving the higher dose of oxytocin had no measured deleterious cardiovascular side effects.

Westbrook, Rachel Helen. "Liver disease and pregnancy : early identification of those at greatest risk." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/liver-disease-and-pregnancy(1d7530ab-dc29-464b-bcea-bcca8b08ba1e).html.

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Historically, women with pre-existing liver disease were advised against pregnancy due to concerns regarding the potential for worsening of liver function, hepatic decompensation and death. The available literature detailing outcomes of pregnancy in women with liver disease is sparse, combining this with the fact that the term “liver disease” incorporates a spectrum of severity from a variety of underlying aetiologies means that generic advice regarding pregnancy risk is clearly not appropriate for all women. In addition, women with previously normal hepatic function may develop acute liver failure in pregnancy which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Data regarding early identification of women at high risk of death from liver failure is lacking. This body of work addresses the paucity of information regarding pregnancy risk in women with liver disease. The potential risks related to pregnancy for the mother, baby and graft in the context of different diseases and underlying severity are explored and detailed. Pre-conception parameters are identified which can predict poor pregnancy outcomes in women with different aetiologies of liver disease and severity. The King’s College Hospital poor prognostic criteria in patients with pregnancy associated acute liver failure (ALF) are shown not to be applicable to this unique cohort of patients and alternative early poor prognostic indicators are suggested. This work should enable individualised advice regarding pregnancy risk to be given to women with liver disease who are considering pregnancy, increase our understanding of specific complications a women may encounter and aid identification of women they may benefit from liver transplantation.

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Книги з теми "Pregnancy disease":

Davison, John, Catherine Nelson-Piercy, Sean Kehoe, and Philip Baker, eds. Renal Disease in Pregnancy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107786103.

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Oakley, Celia, and Carole A. Warnes, eds. Heart Disease in Pregnancy. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470994955.

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Minkoff, Howard L. HIV disease in pregnancy. Edited by Minkoff Howard L. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1990.

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Minkoff, Howard L. HIV disease in pregnancy. Edited by Minkoff Howard L. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1997.

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Niederman, Michael S. Pulmonary disease in pregnancy. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1992.

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Celia, Oakley, ed. Heart disease in pregnancy. London: BMJ, 1997.

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J, Steer Philip, Baker Philip 1962-, and Gatzoulis Michael A, eds. Heart disease and pregnancy. London: RCOG Press, 2006.

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Michelle, Petri, ed. Pregnancy and rheumatic disease. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1997.

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Daniel, Glinoer, ed. Thyroid disease and pregnancy. London: Elsevier, 2005.

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S, Niederman Michael, ed. Pulmonary disease in pregnancy. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "Pregnancy disease":

Fry, John, Gerald Sandler, and David Brooks. "Pregnancy." In Disease Data Book, 357–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4149-6_21.

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Stover, Jean, and Mandy Trolinger. "Pregnancy." In Nutrition in Kidney Disease, 347–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44858-5_19.

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Stover, Jean. "Pregnancy." In Nutrition in Kidney Disease, 291–98. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-685-6_17.

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Khatun, Sabera. "Recurrent Molar Pregnancy." In Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, 135–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4878-3_15.

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Sakr, Mahmoud F. "Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy." In Thyroid Disease, 1–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48775-1_1.

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Costa, Maurício Magalhães, and Paula Saldanha. "Breast Cancer in Pregnancy." In Breast Disease, 405–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26012-9_24.

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Costa, Maurício Magalhães, and Paula Saldanha. "Breast Cancer in Pregnancy." In Breast Disease, 349–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16792-9_23.

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Aye, Lydia, and Tram Tran. "Liver Disease and Pregnancy." In Liver Disease, 105–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98506-0_9.

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McCarroll, Frank, and John R. Lindsay. "Cushing’s Syndrome in Pregnancy." In Cushing's Disease, 223–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0011-0_16.

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Donadio, Claudio, Rocco Cosintino, Giuliano Rigon, Claudio Donadio, and Fabrizio Signore. "Crohn’s Disease and Pregnancy." In Crohn’s Disease, 203–9. Milano: Springer Milan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1472-5_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pregnancy disease":

Farah, Huda Mohamed, Muram Elmubarak Elamin, Rahaf Nader Nader Nader, Rana Said Alabsi, Salma Bouazza Bouabidi, Sara Elgaili Khogali Suleiman, Shahd Mohammad Nasr, Shouq Fahad Al-Rumaihi, Zain Zaki Zakaria, and Maha alasmakh Alasmakh. "Metagenomic Analysis of Oral Microbiome during pregnancy." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0135.

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Pregnancy is a dynamic physiological process associated with significant hormonal, immune and metabolic changes to support the growth and development of the fetus. Several studies have highlighted the role of gut microbiota during pregnancy1. The composition of gut microbiota changes dramatically during the course of pregnancy with an increase in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, a decline in butyrate-producing bacteria and a reduction in bacterial richness at the end of pregnancy2. These modifications were anticipated to favour the increased metabolic demand during pregnancy, which will, in turn, support healthy fetal growth3. Gut microbiota has also been suggested to contribute to weight gain during pregnancy via increased absorption of glucose and fatty acids, induction of catabolic pathways, increased fasting-induced adipocyte factor secretion, and stimulation of the immune system2, 4. The oral cavity houses the second most diverse microbiota after the gut harbouring over 700 species of bacteria. Oral microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis, protecting the oral cavity and preventing disease development5. Little is known about the role of the oral microbiome during pregnancy. One study examined changes in oral microbiota during pregnancy on Japanese women and found that the total viable microbial counts were higher during pregnancy, as were levels of the pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida6. Several studies have also found correlations between oral infections and pregnancy complications, further suggesting mechanisms connecting the oral microbiome with the state of pregnancy7. The Qatari Birth Cohort (QbiC) was successfully developed in July 2018 by Qatar Biobank. It is an epidemiological study that aims to assess the synergetic role of environmental exposure and genetic factors in the development of chronic disease. It monitors the health of women throughout their pregnancy and after birth. The present study is designed to explore changes in the salivary microbiome, using high throughput sequencing during pregnancy and to explore key microbial clades involved in pregnancy.

Araldi, Bianca Barbosa, Victor Hugo Gomes, Bruno Ludvig Vieira, Klesia Adayani Rodrigues, Andressa Gabrieli da Silva, Leticia Scolari, Gabriela Vasconcellos Santana, Jessica Marafiga, Maria Paula Carvalho, and Heloise Helena Siqueira. "Effects of multiple sclerosis in pregnant and post-birth: particularities of the disease activity." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.704.

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Introduction: Demyelinating diseases are a heterogeneous group of neurological diseases related to autoimmunity whose representative is Multiple Sclerosis (MS). It is characterized by an immune-mediated demyelination of the central nervous system, with a typical outbreak and remission clinic. During pregnancy, a reduction in disease activity was noted due to immunomodulatory effects, and an increase in outbreaks in the puerperium. Thus, our goal is to demonstrate the relationship between pregnancy and MS. Methods: This is a systematic bibliographic review based on searching the SCIELO, PUBMED and UPTODATE databases using the words “Multiple Sclerosis”, “Pregnancy”, “Demyelinating diseases” and “Neurological Disorders”. Discussion: Pregnancy is responsible for numerous changes in the maternal body resulting from hormonal changes with an immunological and neuroprotective effect. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was considered a risk factor or precipitator of outbreaks in these patients. In 1950, Tillmann et al. questioned him and concluded that pregnancy reduces the risk of outbreaks of the disease and that relapses were more associated with postpartum. The question is still raised by several authors, due to their interest in the search for intricate protective factors in the genesis and cure of the disease. It is believed that immunological changes in pregnancy tend to suppress the maternal immune system preventing fetal rejection, and together with gestational hormones, they are able to make neuronal tissue more resistant to inflammatory aggression and greater capacity for cell repair. In the puerperium, there was an increase in outbreaks of the disease, probably associated with a reduction in hormone levels, the effects of which are lost after the elimination of the fetus. Breastfeeding is not associated with the prevention or risk of new MS outbreaks. The frequency of outbreaks before conception is the only independent predictor of new post-term episodes. There is no consensus regarding the therapeutic approach in these pregnant women. Conclusion: Evidence supports the association between pregnancy, reduced activity of MS and increased activity in the 3 months postpartum, due to the probable loss of neuroprotective effects associated with hormones. Recommendations regarding the use of immunomodulator are suspended before conception (“washout”) until term. New evidence did not associate the use of interferon-β with abortion, cesarean section or low birth weight. There was a benefit of long-term parity with a cumulative effect on the patient’s immunohumor modulation.

Talal DAWOOD, Ibrahim, Hanan Sami NOURI, and Najlaa Abdulla FATHI. "COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR VAGINAL INFECTIONS IN PREGNANCY AND NON PREGNANCY WOMEN IN NINEVEH GOVERNORATE." In V. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress5-26.

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Epidomiology study had achieved for vaginal infections disease for women in Ninavah governorate through see the files in some hospitals (Al-Khansaa, Al-Batool, Al-Salam) for (2019-2020-2021) years. Bacterial Vaginosis (B.V.) is the most common causes for vaginal infection which Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus appear highest proportion for it which attained (19.05%), (8.52%) sequently, the results showed that the highest proportion of this disease happened in age-level (36-41) years which attained (14.42%) while (60-65) years appeared less proportion which reached (10.43%), Also as noticed that high proportion of vaginal infections disease appeared in August (3.72%, 4.62%, 4.90%) sequently for (2019-2020-2021) years. Results also show that pregnancy women more affected with bacterial vaginosis (B.V.) compared with non-pregnancy and barren women which attained (33.3%), high percentage of infection happened in women who live in country side and villages, the proportion attained (52.08%) followed by the cases of right side of Mosul city infection (7.85%) at least the left side infection (20.05%) through last three years. Identifying the types of infections that affect females , The aim: Attempting to shed light on the extent of the problem of vaginal infections in women by identifying the types of causes (bacteria, fungi, parasites) and determining their percentages, Comparative study for vaginal infections between pregnant, non pregnant & infertility women, Attempting to deduce the role of important factors such as age, physiological status (pregnancy, infertility) and residential area in the possibility of increasing the risk of exposure to the disease during the years, Determining the prevalence of vaginal infections among women during the three months of the three years 2019-2020-2021 in Nineveh 2021 -2019 Governorate.

Wyckoff, Sarah, Gular Mammadli, Whitney Booker, Mary D’Alton, Anita LaSala, Stephanie Purisch, Linda Valeri, Joshua Willey, and Eliza Miller. "Preexisting Cerebrovascular Disease in Pregnancy: a Case Series on Pregnancy Outcomes (S3.004)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000201962.

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Alekberova, Zemfira, Regina Goloeva, and Alexander Lila. "THU0302 OUTCOMES OF PREGNANCY IN BEHCET’S DISEASE." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.6657.

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Fitria, Nurhidaya, and Ida Lestari Tampubolon. "The Effect of Ginger Extract Consumption on Reducing Morning Sickness in First Trimester of Pregnant Women at Pratama Mariana Clinic Medan, North Sumatra." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.44.

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ABSTRACT Background: Nausea and vomiting are common in pregnant women, and the condition may be a mild or severe disabling disease. Nausea and vomiting are common in the early stages of pregnancy, affecting 70-80% of pregnant mothers. In most women, vomiting begins between 4-7 weeks of pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting are usually mild and self-limiting, but some mothers have a deeper course and cause pregnancy vomiting. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of ginger extract consumption on reducing morning sickness in first trimester of pregnant women at Pratama Mariana Clinic Medan, North Sumatra. Subject and Method: This was a quasi experiment study with pretest-posttest control group design conducted in Pratama Mariana Clinic, Medan from July to August 2018. A sample of 15 pregnant women. The dependent variable was emesis gravidarum. The independent variable was extract of ginger. The data were collected by observation and analyzed by wilcoxon test. Result: The extract of ginger is effective to reduce nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnancy women after ginger extract was given (Mean= 1.93; SD= 0.26) was higher than before (Mean= 1.20; SD= 0.41), and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: The extract of ginger is effective to reduce nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnancy women after ginger extract Keywords: Emesis gravidarum, extract of ginger Correspondence: Nurhidaya Fitria. Helvetia Institute of Health, Sumatera Utara. Email: nurhidayafitria@gmail.com. Mobile: 082385317328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.44

Colbenson, G., C. Rose, F. Ernste, and J. H. Ryu. "Successful Pregnancy Outcome with Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2061.

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Clowse, MEB, G. McDaniel, and AM Eudy. "SAT0466 Pregnancy in women with psoriatic arthritis: pregnancy outcomes and changes in disease activity." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.6392.

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Çetin, Çiğdem, Tuğba Saraç-Sivrikoz, Müge Ateş-Tikiz, Sibel Zarali, Ayşenur Ersoy, Yasemin Yalçinkaya, Ahmet Gül, et al. "P73 The relationship between pregnancy, disease activity and adverse pregnancy outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus." In 12th European Lupus Meeting. Lupus Foundation of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2020-eurolupus.118.

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Roussou, Euthalia, Josie O’heney, Victoria Sampson, and Asma Aziz. "AB1230 DISEASE ACTIVITY OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES DURING PREGNANCY COMPARED TO REPORTED DISEASE ACTIVITYPRIOR TO PREGNANCY AS OBTAINED FROM AN ANTENATAL RHEUMATOLOGY OBSTETRIC COMBINED CLINIC AND MODE OF DELIVERY." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.2634.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Pregnancy disease":

Litwin, Tomasz, Anna Członkowska, Jan Bembenek, Agnieszka Antos, Iwona Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, Adam Przybyłkowski, Marta Skowrońska, and Łukasz Smolinski. Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in Wilson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0003.

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Review question / Objective: What are maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in WD? Condition being studied: The maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in WD: the rates of successful deliveries, abortions, birth defects, and worsening of WD during pregnancy. Eligibility criteria: We will search the PubMed database (up to 12 January 2022) for original studies (prospective and retrospective), case reports, and case series that have analyzed pregnancy outcomes in women with WD. The search terms will be as follows: (“Wilson’s disease/”Wilson disease” and “pregnancy”) and (“Wilson disease”/”Wilson disease” and “birth defect”). Included will be studies published in English. The reference lists of the extracted publications will also be searched.

Zhenni, Mu, Le Lei, Shen Sinan, and Tang Li. Effectiveness of integrated Chinese herbal medicine Shoutai Pill and Western medicine in the treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0062.

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Review question / Objective: We provide a protocol to evaluate the efficacy of integrated Shoutai Pill and Western medicine to update the evaluation for the best available and security treatment for recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL). Condition being studied: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a distinct disorder defined by two or more consecutive pregnancy failures before 20 gestational weeks infertile couples. The incidence of this disease accounts for about 1%-5% of women of reproductive age and seriously affects their physical and psychological health. At present, the known etiology of this disease mainly includes abnormal anatomic structures, genetic abnormality, endocrine disorders, prethrombotic status, abnormal immune function, infection, etc. Excluding the above factors, approximately 40-50% of RPL remain unexplained, known as unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). At present, the main therapeutic methods of RPL are surgical therapy, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), hormone therapy, anti-infection therapy, anticoagulation, and immunoregulatory therapy, etc. However, there is no effective treatment has been identified for URPL. Therefore, we still need to investigate effective treatments to reduce pregnancy losses and maintain successful pregnancy preservation in these patients.

Yordanova, Diana, and Asen Nikolov. The Peptide Hormone Hepcidin as a Tool for Diagnosis of Anemia of Chronic Disease in Pregnancy. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.04.14.

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Hao, Hongjuan, Xiao Chen, Zhaohua Wang, Li Feng, and Xiaoli Zhao. Which patients with hydrosalpinges will benefit more from reproductive surgery to improve natural pregnancy outcomes?-System evaluation and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0105.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate natural pregnancy outcomes of hydrosalpinx and different grades of hydrosalpinx,which perform reproductive surgery. Information sources: Electronic searches of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of science, and Clinical Trails. All literature on hydrosalpinx and reproductive surgery were retrieved. The Mesh subject words and free words are: “Salpingitis, Salpingitides, hydrosalpin*, distal tubal occlusion, pelvic inflammatory disease, Reproductive surgical procedure, tubal surgery, microsurg *, laparoscopic surgery ,salpingostomy , salpingectomy”. References of the original and reviewed articles were manually searched to include the relevant literature.

Bancalari, Antonella, Samuel Berlinski, Giancarlo Buitrago, María Fernanda García, Dolores de la Mata, and Marcos Vera-Hernández. Health Inequalities in Latin American and the Caribbean: Child, Adolescent, Reproductive, Metabolic Syndrome and Mental Health. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005208.

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Health constitutes a fundamental aspect of our well-being. It is also a key factor in determining our contribution to market and non-market output. Health inequality refers to the unequal realization of health outcomes between different groups in the population. Systematic disparities in health outcomes and in access to health resources not only undermine basic principles of fairness and social justice but also contributes towards perpetuating poverty and disadvantage. In this chapter, we start by presenting evidence on how the burden of disease in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has changed during the last 30 years. Consistent with the fall in fertility and population aging, the region has shifted from a burden of disease dominated by maternal, neonatal, and communicable disease in the 1990s to one dominated by cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes, and increasingly by mental health disorders. The poorest in the region are burdened by worst access to maternal care and higher levels of infant mortality and stunting. Despite being knowledgeable about contraceptive methods, young women in Latin America and the Caribbean have very high levels of teenage pregnancy with a steep socio-economic gradient. Noncommunicable diseases also affect the poor disproportionately in many countries. Finally, mental health is a growing source of lost days of healthy living among women and the poor. Overall, our results highlight that despite the epidemiological transition which is underway, socio-economic health disparities in the LAC region are still more important on early childhood and teenagerhood than in adulthood, at least as it pertains to the outcomes analyzed in this chapter. At the same time, we show that while socio-economic inequalities in child health are smaller in the richest countries, the contrary happens with inequalities in some adult outcomes.

Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.

Lindberg, Laura D., Zoe H. Pleasure, and Ayana Douglas-Hall. Assessing State-Level Variations in High School Students’ Sexual and Contraceptive Behavior: The 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. Guttmacher Institute, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1363/2020.32245.

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Key Points Sexual activity is a normal part of adolescent development, regardless of where young people live. ➔ There is greater variation between states in prescription method use than in condom use, suggesting that barriers to contraceptive care influence students’ method choice. ➔ High school students in Southern states tend to have higher rates of sexual activity but lower rates of contraceptive use than those in other U.S. regions. ➔ Recent patterns suggest that contraceptive use continues to be the main driver of declines in adolescent pregnancy. This report presents new state-level estimates of sexual activity and contraceptive use among high school students in the United States. The data are from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), which is managed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Because the 2019 YRBSS included more states than in prior years, we are able to better identify differences across states and regions, as well as describe recent trends. In particular, we examine variations in adolescents’ sexual activity and their use of condoms and of other contraceptive methods, because of their important implications for exposure to STIs and pregnancy. The YRBSS offers a unique opportunity to examine sexual and reproductive health at the state level among high school students.

Moza, Andreea, Florentina Duica, Panagiotis Antoniadis, Elena Silvia Bernad, Diana Lungeanu, Marius Craina, Brenda Cristiana Bernad, et al. Outcome of newborns in case of SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0093.

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Review question / Objective: To identify the types and examine the range of available evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to newborn. To clarify the key concepts and criteria for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection in neonates. To summarize the existing evidence and advance the awareness on SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection in pregnancy. Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has been isolated from various tissues and body fluids, including the placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord of newborns. In the last few years, much scientific effort has been directed towards studying SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the different features of the virus, such as its structure and mechanisms of action. Moreover, much focus has been on developing accurate diagnostic tools and various drugs or vaccines to treat COVID-19.

Gidengil, Courtney, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Margaret Maglione, Sydne J. Newberry, Peggy Chen, Kelsey O’Hollaren, Nabeel Qureshi, et al. Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer244.

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Objective. To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the safety of vaccines recommended for routine immunization in the United States, updating the 2014 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) report on the topic. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase®, CINAHL®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus through November 9, 2020, building on the prior 2014 report; reviewed existing reviews, trial registries, and supplemental material submitted to AHRQ; and consulted with experts. Review methods. This report addressed three Key Questions (KQs) on the safety of vaccines currently in use in the United States and included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) recommended immunization schedules for adults (KQ1), children and adolescents (KQ2), and pregnant women (KQ3). The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel that identified key adverse events of particular concern. Two reviewers independently screened publications; data were extracted by an experienced subject matter expert. Studies of vaccines that used a comparator and reported the presence or absence of adverse events were eligible. We documented observed rates and assessed the relative risks for key adverse events. We assessed the strength of evidence (SoE) across the existing findings from the prior 2014 report and the new evidence from this update. The systematic review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020180089). Results. A large body of evidence is available to evaluate adverse events following vaccination. Of 56,608 reviewed citations, 189 studies met inclusion criteria for this update, adding to data in the prior 2014 report, for a total of 338 included studies reported in 518 publications. Regarding vaccines recommended for adults (KQ1), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence in this update, including for newer vaccines such as recombinant influenza vaccine, adjuvanted inactivated influenza vaccine, and recombinant adjuvanted zoster vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted a signal for anaphylaxis for hepatitis B vaccines in adults with yeast allergy and for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for children and adolescents (KQ2), we found either no new evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE or insufficient evidence, including for newer vaccines such as 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine and meningococcal B vaccine. The prior 2014 report noted signals for rare adverse events—such as anaphylaxis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and febrile seizures—with some childhood vaccines. Regarding vaccines recommended for pregnant women (KQ3), we found no evidence of increased risk for key adverse events with varied SoE among either pregnant women or their infants following administration of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion. Across this large body of research, we found no new evidence of increased risk since the prior 2014 report for key adverse events following administration of vaccines that are routinely recommended. Signals from the prior report remain unchanged for rare adverse events, which include anaphylaxis in adults and children, and febrile seizures and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. There is no evidence of increased risk of adverse events for vaccines currently recommended in pregnant women. There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about some rare potential adverse events.

Yeika, Eugene, Erica L. Kocher, and Carrie Ngongo. Integrating Noncommunicable Diseases into Antenatal Care in Cameroon: A Triangulated Qualitative Analysis. RTI Press, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2024.rr.0051.2401.

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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have important implications for pregnancy outcomes and the subsequent health of women and their children. The aim of this study is to determine the status of NCD and maternal health program integration, identify barriers to integration, and explore what would be required to deepen integration of NCD care into antenatal care in Cameroon. We used two methods of data collection and synthesis: a desk review of policy documents and protocols and a series of key informant interviews with health system experts and managers working in public, private, and faith-based health facilities at central, regional, and district levels. Although screening for blood glucose and blood pressure occurs during antenatal care, post-diagnosis management is not well-integrated and often requires referral to specialists in higher-level health facilities. Key barriers to integration include lack of guidelines for the management of NCDs, financial constraints for facilities and patients, and shortages of health workers, medications, and supplies for laboratory investigations. Further integration of services for NCDs during pregnancy will require national guidelines backed up by system-wide strengthening of health information systems, insurance coverage, supply chain management, and human resource capacity, particularly in remote areas.