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1
Caridad I, Capó Alonso María. "Covid 19 and Pregnancy: Aspects Related to the Nutritional Level in Pregnant Women." Diabetes & Obesity International Journal 7, no. 4 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/doij-16000266.
Анотація:
Introduction: Malnutrition is a health problem worldwide. The implications of this situation on maternal and child health are very serious because insufficient weight gain during pregnancy and anemia bring about Low Birth Weight, and it means an increase of morbimortality in the first year of life. Objective: To reflect basic aspects of nutrition and pregnancy for their correct handling in the health primary care. Material and Methods: A bibliographical revision was carried out by means of the consultation of databases, as MEDLINE, IBECS, Scielo, Who with the use of describers like nutrition, maternal-infantile health, anemia, under weight. Conclusion: Concrete data of great importance on the nutrition of the pregnant and their influence in the health of the same ones and the product of the gestation were given.
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Rizki P, Retno Inten, Rahayu Indriasari, and Baharuddin Bahar. "Exploration of Nutritional Knowledge Aspects of Pregnant Adolescents in Javanese Ethnicity in Ponorogo Regency, East Java." Journal La Medihealtico 1, no. 6 (November 17, 2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamedihealtico.v1i6.181.
Анотація:
Maternal health problems are one of the main indicators of health status, namely maternal mortality. Maternal mortality is still a major public health challenge around the world, including in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to explore aspects of nutritional knowledge related to healthy food, balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding and care during teenage pregnancy for Javanese ethnicity in Ponorogo, East Java. This type of research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. This research was conducted in June - July 2020. The main informants in this study were pregnant women aged 10-19 years in the working area of the Balong Community Health Center, Ponorogo Regency. The source of the informants was determined by snowball sampling. The snowball sampling technique is a form of judgment sampling. Data collection is more emphasized through in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews), namely individual dialogue with informants obtained directly from pregnant women. The results of the study of 6 informants who were teenage pregnant women in the Balong PKM work area, Ponorogo Regency, all informants had underweight nutritional status (BMI / age) and Chronic Energy Deficiency (KEK). The knowledge explored in the form of: food for pregnant women, balanced nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, risk of teenage pregnancy and pregnancy care. Based on the results of the interview, the informant said that foods that are good for pregnant women to consume are fruits, vegetables, milk and vitamins. Regarding balanced nutrition, all informants did not know at all what balanced nutrition for care during pregnancy, the informant said there was no difference in pregnancy care except health checks at health services, treatments such as maintaining cleanliness and regular exercise.
3
Gimenes, Jessica Cristina, Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti, Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel, Bruno Affonso Parenti de Oliveira, Wilson Salgado Júnior, Júlio Sérgio Marchini, and Carla Barbosa Nonino. "Pregnancy After Roux en Y Gastric Bypass: Nutritional and Biochemical Aspects." Obesity Surgery 27, no. 7 (January 19, 2017): 1815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2558-0.
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Loy, See Ling, Rachael Si Xuan Loo, Keith M. Godfrey, Yap-Seng Chong, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek, Kok Hian Tan, Mary Foong-Fong Chong, Jerry Kok Yen Chan, and Fabian Yap. "Chrononutrition during Pregnancy: A Review on Maternal Night-Time Eating." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092783.
Анотація:
Evidence from women working night shifts during pregnancy indicates that circadian rhythm disruption has the potential to adversely influence pregnancy outcomes. In the general population, chronodisruption with the potential to affect pregnancy outcomes may also be seen in those with high energy intakes in the evening or at night. However, maternal night eating during pregnancy remains understudied. This narrative review provides an overview of the prevalence, contributing factors, nutritional aspects and health implications of night eating during pregnancy. We derived evidence based on cross-sectional studies and longitudinal cohorts. Overall, night eating is common during pregnancy, with the estimated prevalence in different populations ranging from 15% to 45%. The modern lifestyle and the presence of pregnancy symptoms contribute to night eating during pregnancy, which is likely to coexist and may interact with multiple undesirable lifestyle behaviors. Unfavorable nutritional characteristics associated with night eating have the potential to induce aberrant circadian rhythms in pregnant women, resulting in adverse metabolic and pregnancy outcomes. More research, particularly intervention studies, are needed to provide more definite information on the implications of night eating for mother-offspring health.
5
Esposito, Pasquale, Giacomo Garibotto, Daniela Picciotto, Francesca Costigliolo, Francesca Viazzi, and Novella Evelina Conti. "Nutritional Challenges in Pregnant Women with Renal Diseases: Relevance to Fetal Outcomes." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030873.
Анотація:
Pregnancy in women affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become more common in recent years, probably as a consequence of increased CKD prevalence and improvements in the care provided to these patients. Management of this condition requires careful attention since many clinical aspects have to be taken into consideration, including the reciprocal influence of the renal disease and pregnancy, the need for adjustment of the medical treatments and the high risk of maternal and obstetric complications. Nutrition assessment and management is a crucial step in this process, since nutritional status may affect both maternal and fetal health, with potential effects also on the future development of adult diseases in the offspring. Nevertheless, few data are available on the nutritional management of pregnant women with CKD and the main clinical indications are based on small case series or are extrapolated from the general recommendations for non-pregnant CKD patients. In this review, we discuss the main issues regarding the nutritional management of pregnant women with renal diseases, including CKD patients on conservative treatment, patients on dialysis and kidney transplant patients, focusing on their relevance on fetal outcomes and considering the peculiarities of this population and the approaches that could be implemented into clinical practice.
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Zakharova, Irina N., Narine G. Sugian, Angelina A. Kosareva, Natalia V. German, Iana V. Orobinskaia, and Viktoriya V. Pupykina. "Motherhood and infant feeding: Historical aspects and current practice: A review." Pediatrics. Consilium Medicum, no. 4 (January 18, 2023): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/26586630.2022.4.201762.
Анотація:
In recent years there has been a deterioration in demographic indicators: a decrease in the birth rate, an increase in adult mortality, etc., due to numerous causes. In this context, the article addresses demographic issues related to subcultures and ideologies, such as childfree. The main characteristics of people classified as rejecters, aficionados, refusers, and postponers are discussed. We present the first results of a study conducted at the Khimki regional hospital. The study included 25 pregnant women. The survey results showed that most were planning a pregnancy before 30. A survey of expectant mothers indicated a positive attitude towards breastfeeding. The article discusses the issues of breastfeeding as an essential stage in forming a child's immunity and the factors of breastfeeding success. Women's nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be diverse and rich in vitamins and micronutrients. Special maternal drinks, such as Amalthea, based on New Zealand goat milk, can benefit breastfeeding. In the absence of breast milk, the selection of formula for the baby is one of the most challenging issues. It is important that the infant formula meet the child's nutritional needs to the maximum extent possible, including the functional milk components. For instance, the Nanny formula is based on New Zealand goat milk, using a single heat treatment process without separating milk into fractions, which preserves the native functional components of goat milk (oligosaccharides, nucleotides, milk fat).
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Lemley, C. O., A. M. Meyer, T. L. Neville, D. M. Hallford, L. E. Camacho, K. R. Maddock-Carlin, T. A. Wilmoth, et al. "Dietary selenium and nutritional plane alter specific aspects of maternal endocrine status during pregnancy and lactation." Domestic Animal Endocrinology 46 (January 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.09.006.
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Baraiya, A. K., K. P. Baraiya, and S. H. Lakhani. "KNOWLEDGE OF HOUSEHOLD NUTRITIONAL PRACTICES AMONG FARM WOMEN IN JAMNAGAR DISTRICT OF GUJARAT." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 2022, no. 1 (November 25, 2022): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.si.0034.
Анотація:
It is very truth the "knowledge/education cannot be divided, theft, not a burden, increase with sharing and usages". To perform active role in any activity, information being understood play an important role. Knowledge of any individual increases his/ her awareness, mental alertness makes him/her familiar or acquaint with facts, objects, concepts or practices. Knowledge about nutrition of a respondent was measured by some selected questions regarding different aspects of nutritional value of farm products. Selected farm women were middle age group (65.83%), all were married, and living in joint family (51%). Television (51.33%) and mobile (40%) were the most favorite source information among the nutritional requirement and supplementary food. Among the knowledge bout nutritional requirement they believed Consume more nutritive food in maximum quantity during pregnancy (rank first) (69%) followed by Papaya, mango and other yellow colour fruit & vegetable are the source of vitamin-A (63.67%); Seasonal fruits having sufficient and natural nutritional amount instead of off seasonal fruit (63.67%); Consume whole grains and sprouted pulses in daily diet (63%); Daily consumption of different millets (Bajari, sorghum, maize, oat, ragi, rice with husk) reduce the risk of diabetes, heart attack, obesity etc.(60.67%) and Amla and guava and other sour(Acidic) fruits are the rich sources of Vitamin C (60%) were chronologically decline the rank.
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Dahlen, Carl R., Pawel P. Borowicz, Alison K. Ward, Joel S. Caton, Marta Czernik, Luca Palazzese, Pasqualino Loi, and Lawrence P. Reynolds. "Programming of Embryonic Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (October 28, 2021): 11668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111668.
Анотація:
Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) and parental nutritional status have profound effects on embryonic/fetal and placental development, which are probably mediated via “programming” of gene expression, as reflected by changes in their epigenetic landscape. Such epigenetic changes may underlie programming of growth, development, and function of fetal organs later in pregnancy and the offspring postnatally, and potentially lead to long-term changes in organ structure and function in the offspring as adults. This latter concept has been termed developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), or simply developmental programming, which has emerged as a major health issue in animals and humans because it is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases in the offspring, including metabolic, behavioral, and reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we will briefly introduce the concept of developmental programming and its relationship to epigenetics. We will then discuss evidence that ART and periconceptual maternal and paternal nutrition may lead to epigenetic alterations very early in pregnancy, and how each pregnancy experiences developmental programming based on signals received by and from the dam. Lastly, we will discuss current research on strategies designed to overcome or minimize the negative consequences or, conversely, to maximize the positive aspects of developmental programming.
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Evenosky, Sarah, Eleanor Lewis, and Katherine I. DiSantis. "A Mixed Methods Case Study of Food Shopping in a Community with High Infant Mortality." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 28, 2021): 3845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113845.
Анотація:
In the U.S., preterm birth disproportionately impacts certain racial/ethnic groups, with Black women experiencing preterm birth at a rate 50% higher than other groups. Among the numerous factors that likely contribute to these increased rates are neighborhood characteristics, such as food environment. In this mixed-methods case study, we evaluated how pregnant women living in a predominately minority, lower income community with high preterm birth rates navigate and perceive their food environment. Qualitative interviews were performed to assess perceptions of food environment (n = 7) along with geographic and observational assessments of their food environment. Participants traveled an average of 2.10 miles (SD = 1.16) and shopped at an average of 3 stores. They emphasized the importance of pricing and convenience when considering where to shop and asserted that they sought out healthier foods they thought would enhance their pregnancy health. Observational assessments of stores’ nutrition environment showed that stores with lower nutritional scores were in neighborhoods with greater poverty and a higher percent Black population. Future policies and programmatic efforts should focus on improving nutrition during pregnancy for women living in communities with high rates of poor birth outcomes. Availability, affordability, and accessibility are key aspects of the food environment to consider when attempting to achieve birth equity.
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Illahi, Rizki Kurnia, and Lailatul Muniroh. "GAMBARAN SOSIO BUDAYA GIZI ETNIK MADURA DAN KEJADIAN STUNTING BALITA USIA 24–59 BULAN DI BANGKALAN." Media Gizi Indonesia 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v11i2.135-143.
Анотація:
Stunting is a nutritional problems in Indonesia. District with the highest prevalence of stunting in East Java in 2015 was Bangkalan. Madurese peoples is known to have socio cultural practices which related to nutrition. This study was aimed to describe s ocio-cultural aspects of nutrition that related to s tunting. This study was a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The study was done in Ujung Piring Village, Bangkalan and the sample size was 62 children who were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Stunting status was assessed through anthropometric indicators according to height for age (H/A) and compared to WHO-MGRS standard. Data on practices of socio culture in nutrition during pregnancy and childbirth, breastfeeding and children under-fi ve, were collected through interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the prevalence of s tunting in children under fi ve in Ujung Piring Village was 29%. Practices of socio culture in nutrition on Madurese Ethnic including socio culture in nutrition of mother and socio culture in nutrition of toddler. Socio cultural aspect of nutrition which probably related to s tunting were food taboo for pregnant women, prelacteal food for newborn, infants did not receive immunization and early giving of complementary feeding. It is suggested to have an effort to decrease food taboo for pregnant women, reduce prelacteal food for newborns, and reduce giving complementary feeding early through counseling involving parent’s mothers as the key person in health communication.
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Chandra, Bastian Rahmadi, Rudi Saprudin Darwis, and Sahadi Humaedi. "PERAN PEMBERDAYAAN KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA (PKK) DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING." Focus : Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/focus.v4i2.35060.
Анотація:
Balita stunting dipahami sebagai balita yang mengalami permasalahan kondisi gizi kronis, kondisi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor yang meliputi keadaan sosial dan perekonomian orang tua, asupan nutrisi atau gizi saat masa kehamilan, riwayat penyakit yang dialami bayi, dan kurangnya nutrisi atau gizi pada bayi serta pola asuh yang tidak sesuai dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, terlebih pada masa 1.000 HPK. Dalam jangka pendek akan berdampak pada terpengaruhinya beberapa aspek seperti aspek kognitif, aspek motorik, dan aspek verbal yang mengalami hambatan. Dalam jangka yang panjang stunting menyebabkan kondisi perawakan pada balita kurang proporsional pada usia remaja menuju dewasa. Stunting juga meningkatkan resiko obesitas di masa yang akan mendatang. Stunting juga berdampak pada kesehatan reproduksi yang menurun. Anak stunting juga memiliki penurunan kapasitas belajar, sehingga performa dan produktivitasnya di sekolah akan berkurang dan tidak optimal. Pelaksanaan intervensi sensitive dilakukan lebih berfokus pada penanganan faktor-faktor yang secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi kondisi asupan gizi yang menyumbang terjadinya stunting. Intervensi gizi sensitif memiliki sumbangsih yang signifikan yaitu sebesar 70 % dalam upaya pencegahan terjadinya stunting meskipun secara tidak langsung. Pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK) berperan sebagai agen perubahan untuk melaksanakan pemberdayaan masyarakat agar tujuan pembangunan kesehatan dapat tercapai. Tujuan tersebut ialah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat tentang issue stunting dan menangani kasus stunting dengan pelaksanaan pemberdayaan masyarakat oleh kelompok pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga (PKK). Stunting toddlers are understood as toddlers who experience problems with chronic nutritional conditions, these conditions are influenced by many factors including the social and economic conditions of parents, nutritional intake or nutrition during pregnancy, history of illness experienced by infants, and lack of nutrition or nutrition in infants and patterns of nutrition. parenting that is not in accordance with the growth and development of children, especially during the 1,000 HPK period. In the short term, it will affect several aspects such as cognitive aspects, motor aspects, and verbal aspects that experience obstacles. In the long term, stunting causes stature conditions in toddlers to be less proportional from adolescence to adulthood. Stunting also increases the risk of obesity in the future. Stunting also has an impact on declining reproductive health. Stunting children also have a decreased learning capacity, so their performance and productivity in school will be reduced and not optimal. The implementation of sensitive interventions is carried out more focused on handling factors that indirectly affect the condition of nutritional intake that contributes to stunting. The sensitive nutrition intervention has a significant contribution of 70% in preventing stunting even though it is indirectly. Family Welfare Empowerment (PKK) acts as an agent of change to implement community empowerment so that health development goals can be achieved. The aim is to increase public awareness about the stunting issue and handle stunting cases by implementing community empowerment by the Family Welfare Empowerment Group (PKK).
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Valentim, Jean Kaique, Janaína Palermo Mendes, Bruna Barreto Przybulinski, Felipe Cardoso Serpa, Deivid Kelly Barbosa, Vivian Aparecida Rios Castilho, and Rita Therezinha Rolim Pietramale. "Fatores Nutricionais Aplicados à Reprodução de Ruminantes." UNICIÊNCIAS 23, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2019v23n2p77-82.
Анотація:
Os animais de produção estão sendo modificados através de um intenso melhoramento genético, buscando intensificar seu desempenho para atender a demanda mundial em quesitos de alimentação. Essa maximização de desempenho demanda um acréscimo nutricional, e este por sua vez pode afetar as funções reprodutivas. Vários estudos mostram que a reprodução pode ser comprometida se as necessidades nutricionais dos animais não forem atendidas. Esta demanda nutricional afeta diretamente a função dos órgãos reprodutivos e o funcionamento do sistema endócrino, podendo interferir na taxa de fertilidade destes animais. A nutrição tem influência na fertilidade, diretamente por meio do fornecimento de nutrientes específicos, que são necessários para os processos de desenvolvimento do folículo, de ovulação, de maturação oocitária, de fertilização, de sobrevivência embrionária e o estabelecimento da gestação e, indiretamente, atuando sobre as concentrações circulantes dos hormônios e outros metabólitos sensíveis aos nutrientes que são requeridos para o sucesso destes processos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é obter uma revisão de literatura atualizada sobre o contexto recente da influência de fatores nutricionais sobre os aspectos reprodutivos de animais ruminantes. Palavras-chave: Nutrição. Metabolismo. Fertilidade. Ruminantes. AbstractThe farm animals are being modified through an intensive genetic improvement seeking to increase their performance to meet the global demand on power issues. This performance maximization demands an extra nutritional and this in turn can affect the reproductive functions. Several studies show that the reproduction can be compromised if the animal’s nutritional needs are met. This nutritional demand directly affects the function of the reproductive organs and the functioning of the endocrine system and may interfere with fertility rate of these animals. Nutrition affects fertility, directly through the provision of specific nutrients that are required for the processes of development of follicle maturation, ovulation, oocyte , fertilization, embryo survival and the establishment of pregnancy; and, indirectly, acting on circulating concentrations of hormones and other metabolites sensitive to nutrients that are required for the success of these processes. The goal of this work was to obtain an updated literature review with recent studies related to nutritional aspects involved in the ruminant animals reproduction. Keywords: Nutrition. Metabolism. Fertility. Ruminants.
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Mahle, Amanda Caroline, Bernard David Morris, Zane Frazer, and Christopher Novak. "Severe vitamin deficiencies in pregnancy complicated by progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 3 (March 2021): e240248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240248.
Анотація:
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a rare disease of impaired bile acid excretion which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin deficiencies during pregnancy can result in adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. A 20-year-old primiparous woman at 30 4/7 weeks with PFIC type 2 presented with worsening cholestasis, coagulopathy and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. She developed visual deficits and was found to have severe vitamin A deficiency. Her coagulopathy and visual deficits improved following vitamin K and A supplementation, respectively. She delivered at 32 2/7 weeks following preterm labour. This case highlights several unique aspects in the care of pregnant women with liver disease. These patients are at risk for fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies which can result in significant coagulopathy and rarely, visual deficits due to vitamin A deficiency. Prompt treatment is necessary to prevent permanent sequelae.
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Warner, John O., and Jill Amanda Warner. "The Foetal Origins of Allergy and Potential Nutritional Interventions to Prevent Disease." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (April 12, 2022): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081590.
Анотація:
The first nine months from conception to birth involves greater changes than at any other time in life, affecting organogenesis, endocrine, metabolic and immune programming. It has led to the concept that the “first 1000 days” from conception to the second birthday are critical in establishing long term health or susceptibility to disease. Immune ontogeny is predominantly complete within that time and is influenced by the maternal genome, health, diet and environment pre-conception and during pregnancy and lactation. Components of the immunological protection of the pregnancy is the generation of Th-2 and T-regulatory cytokines with the consequence that neonatal adaptive responses are also biased towards Th-2 (allergy promoting) and T-regulatory (tolerance promoting) responses. Normally after birth Th-1 activity increases while Th-2 down-regulates and the evolving normal human microbiome likely plays a key role. This in turn will have been affected by maternal health, diet, exposure to antibiotics, mode of delivery, and breast or cow milk formula feeding. Complex gene/environment interactions affect outcomes. Many individual nutrients affect immune mechanisms and variations in levels have been associated with susceptibility to allergic disease. However, intervention trials employing single nutrient supplementation to prevent allergic disease have not achieved the expected outcomes suggested by observational studies. Investigation of overall dietary practices including fresh fruit and vegetables, fish, olive oil, lower meat intake and home cooked foods as seen in the Mediterranean and other healthy diets have been associated with reduced prevalence of allergic disease. This suggests that the “soup” of overall nutrition is more important than individual nutrients and requires further investigation both during pregnancy and after the infant has been weaned. Amongst all the potential factors affecting allergy outcomes, modification of maternal and infant nutrition and the microbiome are easier to employ than changing other aspects of the environment but require large controlled trials before recommending changes to current practice.
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Levitsky, I. V., and N. M. Kinash. "MODERN ASPECTS OF THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF ISTMIC-CERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY." Art of Medicine 22, no. 2 (July 20, 2022): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21802/artm.2022.2.22.136.
Анотація:
Isthmic-cervical insufficiency (ICI), which results in the failure of the circular muscles of the internal os, isthmus and cervix of the uterus is important in the pathogenesis of preterm birth. The existing types are anatomical, functional and congenital ICI. ICI is a pathological condition of the cervix and the isthmus, in which they are unable to withstand the intrauterine pressure and keep a fertilized egg in the uterine cavity until birth. ICI is a serious complication of pregnancy. Genetic, hormonal, inflammatory-infectious, immunological, traumatic factors play a role in the occurrence of ICI. The aim of the study is to study the peculiarities of reproductive health and gestational process of pregnant women with ICI, according to the literature. For the study, we analyzed domestic and foreign publications on this topic in professional journals, as well as data from Internet resources. Results of the research show that ICI plays a special role among many causes that lead to preterm termination of pregnancy and premature birth in the II-III trimesters. The properties of the cervix depend on the ratio of connective and muscle tissue. Today, most authors distinguish between congenital, acquired, organic and functional isthmic-cervical insufficiency.Organic (post-traumatic, secondary) ICI occurs due to mechanical damage to the cervix. Functional ICI is the result of a violation of the relationship between the muscular and connective tissues of the cervix, as well as the result of changes in the response of its structural elements to neurohumoral stimuli. Functional ICI most often occurs as a consequence of a violation of the hormonal background of women (ovarian hypofunction, hyperandrogenism). Congenital ICI occurs in malformations of the uterus, genital infantilism. Histological examination of cervical tissue in women with ICI reveals an increase in muscle tissue up to 50%, which leads to early softening of the cervix of the uterus and development of its functional insufficiency. According to Kaufman KP (2021), the role of connective tissue in the development of ICI is confirmed by the fact, that this pathological condition of the cervix is found in women with Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The role of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (UCTD) as a risk factor for complicated pregnancy, including ICI.Research of Huang J and co-authors (2021) found the presence of nutritional imbalance in patients with UCTD, which was manifested by changes in serum concentrations of magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron, copper, selenium, inorganic phosphorus. The relationship between changes in the microcirculation system, tissue perfusion and cervical condition is currently being actively discussed and confirmed in numerous studies.Fettweis JM (2019) believes that the mechanism of abortion at different stages of gestation is not the same in pregnant women with ICI. At the same time, all pregnant women with ICI at all stages of gestation have increased cytokine levels. However, an important factor in the premature termination of pregnancy in ICI is assigned to the infectious factor. The results of the study of the pathogenetic role of local immune responses in women with habitual miscarriage are often contradictory and dictate the need for further researches.Eventually, isthmic-cervical insufficiency is a multifactorial complication of pregnancy, in which genetic, hormonal, inflammatory-infectious, immunological or traumatic factors play a role.
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Broers, Barbara, Urszula Sioma-Markowska, Barbara Królak-Olejnik, Karolina Fila-Witecka, Anna Halarewicz-Ciasullo, and Andrzej Brenk. "The evolution of natural alimentation." Medical Science Pulse 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5470.
Анотація:
Advances in medicine and the evolution of health-related behaviors through time and across cultures have contributed to changes in attitudes toward natural alimentation. In the past, women who breastfed their babies were educated by word of mouth and family traditions passed on by their female relatives and communities, and the act of breastfeeding itself constituted a socio-cultural process. The health-related benefits of breast milk for infant nutrition have long been known. Throughout the ages, the image of the breastfeeding woman has inspired many artists and promoted natural alimentation. Ancient beliefs and religious practices were combined with the teachings of the church as well as alchemy principles, and lactation counseling was based on popular belief rather than scientific or medical knowledge. In modern times, breastfeeding has experienced a rise in popularity and is recommended to mothers during pregnancy and as part of contraception education. Anecdotal beliefs regarding the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on children’s overall psychological wellbeing have become a subject of scientific investigation. Within the current pregnancy-related standards, the modern promotion of breastfeeding encompasses nutritional, immunological and psychological aspects. In this paper we have summarized the evolution of the beliefs that have surrounded breastfeeding from antiquity to the present day.
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Yajnik, C. S. "Obesity epidemic in India: intrauterine origins?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, no. 3 (August 2004): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004365.
Анотація:
The epidemic of ‘obesity’ in India is not appreciated because BMI underestimates the adiposity of Indians. Specific adiposity measurements are necessary for recognition of the adiposity of ‘thin’ Indians. The origin of this adiposity is only beginning to be understood. In addition to a possible genetic predisposition, intrauterine ‘programming’ might be responsible, although in the ‘thrifty phenotype’ hypothesis the adiposity of the ‘thin’ fetus has not been appreciated. Dutch men who faced ‘winter hunger’ during the first trimester of their in utero life have become more obese as adults. Low birth weight predicts central obesity in some studies, including studies in urban children. It has also been shown that small and thin Indian newborns (weight 2·7?kg and ponderal index 2·4?kg\m3) have poor muscle and visceral mass but higher adiposity for a given weight compared with white Caucasian babies. This body composition is influenced by maternal adiposity before pregnancy and by aspects of maternal nutritional intake and circulating nutrient concentrations during pregnancy. There are no strong paternal determinants of adiposity at birth. Adiposity may be an integral part of the orchestrated adjustments made to support ‘brain preservation’ during intrauterine growth, because brain tissue is predominantly fat. Increased nutrition in the face of a genetic predisposition or multigenerational undernutrition increases maternal insulin resistance in late pregnancy and promotes fetal adiposity even in absence of marked hyperglycaemia. Further research is necessary to define the role of specific nutrients and metabolites in the intrauterine processes promoting adiposity before maternal interventions to curtail the epidemic of obesity and diabetes are planned.
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Ristori, Maria Vittoria, Andrea Quagliariello, Sofia Reddel, Gianluca Ianiro, Stefano Vicari, Antonio Gasbarrini, and Lorenza Putignani. "Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions." Nutrients 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2019): 2812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112812.
Анотація:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex behavioral syndrome that is characterized by speech and language disorders, intellectual impairment, learning and motor dysfunctions. Several genetic and environmental factors are suspected to affect the ASD phenotype including air pollution, exposure to pesticides, maternal infections, inflammatory conditions, dietary factors or consumption of antibiotics during pregnancy. Many children with ASD shows abnormalities in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, including increased intestinal permeability, overall microbiota alterations, and gut infection. Moreover, they are “picky eaters” and the existence of specific sensory patterns in ASD patients could represent one of the main aspects in hampering feeding. GI disorders are associated with an altered composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbiome is able to communicate with brain activities through microbiota-derived signaling molecules, immune mediators, gut hormones as well as vagal and spinal afferent neurons. Since the diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiota and in the production of molecules, such as the SCFA, we wanted to investigate the role that nutritional intervention can have on GI microbiota composition and thus on its influence on behavior, GI symptoms and microbiota composition and report which are the beneficial effect on ASD conditions.
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Valentini, Romina, Maria Grazia Dalfrà, Michela Masin, Antonella Barison, Marcon Marialisa, Eva Pegoraro, and Annunziata Lapolla. "A Pilot Study on Dietary Approaches in Multiethnicity: Two Methods Compared." International Journal of Endocrinology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/985136.
Анотація:
Background. Medical nutritional therapy is the most important method for normalizing glucose levels in pregnancy. In this setting, there is a new problem to consider relating to migrants, their personal food preferences, and ethnic, cultural, and religious aspects of their diet. We compared maternal and fetal outcomes between two multiethnic groups of pregnant women, one adopting a food plan that included dishes typical of the foreign women's original countries (the “ethnic meal plan” group), while the other group adopted a standard meal plan.Findings. To develop the meal plan, each dish chosen by the women was broken down into its principal ingredients. The quantity of each food was given in tablespoons, teaspoons, slices, and cups, and there were photographs of the complete dish. The group treated with the ethnic meal plan achieved a better metabolic control at the end of the pregnancy and a lower weight gain (though the difference was not statistically significant). As for fetal outcome, the group on the ethnic meal plan had babies with a lower birth weight and there were no cases of macrosomia or LGA babies.Conclusions. This preliminary study indicates the positive effect of an ethnic approach to diet on the outcome of pregnancy.
21
Weston, RH. "Some aspects of constraint to forage consumption by ruminants." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 2 (1996): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960175.
Анотація:
Various aspects of forage intake regulation are discussed with the objective of providing a basis on which assessments could be made of (i) the scope for forage intake manipulation, and (ii) priority areas for further research. A simple conceptual model of the regulation is presented which permits the linking of rumen function and energy metabolism. It takes cognizance of upper physiological limits for (i) energy disposal, (ii) the clearance of digesta organic matter from the rumen, and (iii) muscular fatigue, as well as a range of dietary and environmental constraints. The transmission to the brain of signals relating to amount of digesta in the rumen and the ruminant's energy deficit are considered to be important in the intake regulation. An alternative conceptual model which recognises the amount of energy in the circulating energy pool, rather than the energy deficit, as the origin of signals relating to energy metabolism, is also discussed. It is considered that over a range of forage qualities neither the rumen digesta load ceiling nor the capacity to use energy limit intake; in this range both the resistance of the forage organic matter to removal from the rumen and the net energy value of the forage act as constraints. A method to calculate forage intake constraint is presented, and theoretical relationships between rumen digesta load, net energy intake, energy deficit and forage intake constraint have been formulated to facilitate interpretation of data obtained in forage intake studies. Forage intake in the reproduction cycle is discussed in the context of an optimum nutritional strategy for ensuring species survival. It is considered that the intake changes at mating and immediately prior to parturition, together with the decrease in rate of nutrient storage in maternal reserve tissues in late pregnancy and the use of these tissue stores in early lactation, are consistent with such a strategy. In this context it is suggested that (i) the relevant reproduction hormones affect intake via modulation of the metabolism of the maternal tissue stores and (ii) this type of regulation and its accompanying production losses need not be necessary in those production systems permitting some control of nutrition.
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Banerjee, Swapan. "Role of the Proper Nutrition for Indian Women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL)." Dec 2022-Jan 2023, no. 31 (December 16, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpdmhd.31.1.9.
Анотація:
Two or more miscarriages or biochemical pregnancy losses are treated as recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Conditions like immune deficiency, thrombophilia, endocrine dysfunction, and obesity have all been linked to an increased likelihood of miscarriage. There is currently no documented treatment for repeated miscarriages; hence, diet and drug aspects must be implemented nationally or internationally. Databases like Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Semantic Scholar, etc., were used to find publications relevant to this study's objectives. From the Indian perspective, a pregnant woman's daily calorie intake should increase by 350, with an additional 9.5 g of protein in the second and 22.0 g in the third trimester. Prenatal folic acid supplementation has been linked to managing proper birth weight and reduced rates of congenital disabilities. During pregnancy, a woman's ideal weight gain is around 10 kilograms, which is the case for women who eat healthily. Limiting salt intake is necessary to prevent hypertension or preeclampsia during pregnancy. Coffee, tea, and other caffeinated drinks should be used in moderation. Vegetables like papaya, cabbage, pumpkin, milk derivatives, sugar cane, and fruits like bananas, mangoes, pineapple, avocados, etc., are the most taboo foods in developing countries like India and Africa. The widespread avoidance of these foods during pregnancy can be attributed to myths that they contribute to foetal obesity, evil eye, abortion, and other delivery difficulties. In rural India, pregnant women are primarily not adequately informed about the significance of eating a healthy, well-rounded diet. To ensure maternal dietary diversity, even modest; well-targeted awareness-raising programs should go a long way. Hence expected mothers should get compulsory nutritional guidance on what to eat and how much from experts like dietitians, physicians, or other experienced mothers through personal meetings or social media platforms to minimize recurrent pregnancy loss.
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Rojas-Rodriguez, Raziel, Rachel Ziegler, Tiffany DeSouza, Sana Majid, Aylin S. Madore, Nili Amir, Veronica A. Pace, et al. "PAPPA-mediated adipose tissue remodeling mitigates insulin resistance and protects against gestational diabetes in mice and humans." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 571 (November 25, 2020): eaay4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4145.
Анотація:
Pregnancy is a physiological state of continuous adaptation to changing maternal and fetal nutritional needs, including a reduction of maternal insulin sensitivity allowing for appropriately enhanced glucose availability to the fetus. However, excessive insulin resistance in conjunction with insufficient insulin secretion results in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), greatly increasing the risk for pregnancy complications and predisposing both mothers and offspring to future metabolic disease. Here, we report a signaling pathway connecting pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) with adipose tissue expansion in pregnancy. Adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, and we show that, in both mice and humans, pregnancy caused remodeling of adipose tissue evidenced by altered adipocyte size, vascularization, and in vitro expansion capacity. PAPPA is known to be a metalloprotease secreted by human placenta that modulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability through prolteolysis of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) 2, 4, and 5. We demonstrate that recombinant PAPPA can stimulate ex vivo human adipose tissue expansion in an IGFBP-5– and IGF-1–dependent manner. Moreover, mice lacking PAPPA displayed impaired adipose tissue remodeling, pregnancy-induced insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, recapitulating multiple aspects of human GDM. In a cohort of 6361 pregnant women, concentrations of circulating PAPPA are inversely correlated with glycemia and odds of developing GDM. These data identify PAPPA and the IGF signaling pathway as necessary for the regulation of maternal adipose tissue physiology and systemic glucose homeostasis, with consequences for long-term metabolic risk and potential for therapeutic use.
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Eileen Owan, Diane E Heck, and Hong Duck Kim. "Autism spectrum disorder is associated with multifold risks in the process of pregnancy: Imbalance of nutritional, environmental and social behavioral aspects." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.1.0255.
Анотація:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction, communication, and stereotyped behavior patterns. The cost burden for health coverage for ASD is focused on educational applied behavioral analysis and psychotropic drugs to decrease maladaptive behaviors and support learning and development. Determinants of either risk factors or prevention related to ASD covering environmental, social-behavioral, and genetic are still unknown. This review focuses on the multifold risks of Autistic disorder (ASD), including environmental, genetic, and food supplemental concerns and health policies and regulations.
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Waard, F. de, and J. H. H. Thijssen. "Hormonal aspects in the causation of human breast cancer: Epidemiological hypotheses reviewed, with special reference to nutritional status and first pregnancy." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 97, no. 5 (December 2005): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.08.005.
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Bohiltea, Roxana Elena, Corina-Aurelia Zugravu, Adrian Neacsu, Dan Navolan, Costin Berceanu, Dragos Nemescu, Oana Bodean, Natalia Turcan, Alexandru Baros, and Monica Mihaela Cirstoiu. "The Prevalence of Vitamin D Defficiency and its Obstetrical Effects. A prospective study on Romanian patients." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 1228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.4.7097.
Анотація:
The birth, growth, development, reproduction and senescence under physiological conditions can be achieved without diminishing the role of other important aspects that influence them, only with the support of an optimal diet that is a fundamental requirement nowadays, considering that the health and the nutritional status are in a permanent interdependence. The effects of inadequate nutrition reflect on the expression of genes, influencing the development of certain diseases in childhood and adulthood. Knowing the phases of the gestation period in which the need of certain nutrients is increased, and their absence has the most serious impact on fetal growth and development, allows for the adoption in due time of concrete preventive rules. Disorders associated with lipid malabsorption, such as celiac disease, Crohn�s disease, pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis and cholestatic disease, are associated with low serum levels of 5-hydroxyvitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency in the newborn can express as deficient skeletal homeostasis, congenital rickets and fractures in the early days of life. A low level of vitamin D during pregnancy seems to increase the risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and gestational diabetes, and in the longer term it seems to affect the bone, immune system and general status. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D is increasing globally, and the effects on pregnancy and neonatal outcome of the vitamin D deficiency and supplementation are a topical issue, which is currently under investigation.
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Matulníková, Ľudmila, and Krystyna Mizerska. "APPLICATION OF MERCER MODEL IN THE EVALUATION OF THE RISK FACTORS OF OBESITY FOR PREGNANT WOMEN." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 34, no. 3 (April 5, 2019): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3415.
Анотація:
The study presents an assessment of risk factors that affect obesity of a pregnant woman through components in the macrosystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and microsystem hierarchy according to Ramona Mercer's conceptual framework. Through the conceptual framework, we identify aspects with maternal and child impact in women with excessive body weight. The benefits of using the Mercer model are that multiple domains are identified and factors that affect nutrition, physical activity, and optimization of weight gain in a pregnant woman are taken into account. The conceptual framework supports the perception of contextual circumstances, helps to create conditions for changing health behavior and reducing health risks. Obesity in a pregnant woman, excessive weight gain and gestational body weight are influenced by physiological, psychological, behavioral, family, cultural and environmental factors. The interaction of factors creates preconditions for improving or worsening the health of a pregnant woman and a prenatal child during pregnancy. The process of caring for a pregnant woman with excessive body weight is focused on four concepts of obesity, pregnancy, complications and nursing management. The analysis of the conceptual framework helps to create preventive interventions and to select effective strategies. The aim of interventions is to achieve a change of environment for the pregnant woman, which may affect the regulation of body mass index, maintenance of gestational weight, behavioral changes, attitudes, nutritional adjustments, physical activity and reduced risk of complications in the mother and the child.
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PINI, Taylor, Gulfam AHMAD, Romain BARRES, Stephen SIMPSON, and Angela CREAN. "Nutritional Geometry of Male Fertility: Moving Beyond The ‘High-Fat’ Diet." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222740905.
Анотація:
Background: Females are given extensive dietary recommendations both during and prior to pregnancy, but similar guidelines for males trying to conceive are conspicuously absent. There is an urgent need to fill this knowledge gap because male fertility is in decline, with rising rates of obesity likely to be a contributing factor. Yet, we understand surprisingly little about nutritional impacts on male fertility. Aim: To examine the individual and interactive effects of protein, carbohydrates, and fats on male reproductive traits, we conducted a nutritional geometry study in adolescent C57Bl6 male mice. Method: Mice were fed one of ten isocaloric diets differing only in macronutrient balance (n = 6/diet) from 5 to 20 weeks of age. Reproductive organs were fixed/frozen and processed for a range of fertility-related measures. Results: We found that different aspects of reproductive function were influenced by different macronutrients. Testis mass and expression of HSD17B3 (testosterone biosynthesis) were positively related to the proportion of protein in the diet. In contrast, dietary fat had a stronger influence on male body mass and seminal vesicle mass. Both dietary protein and fat were found to influence testicular expression of genes with antioxidant functions (GSS, GPX1, GPX4). The number of seminiferous tubules and degree of vacuolation within seminiferous tubules were influenced by complex interactive effects between macronutrients. Conclusion: This foundational study suggests that a far more nuanced approach is required to develop pre-conception dietary recommendations for males, and reveals exciting new directions for research.
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Muñóz Muñóz, Aránzazu, Sagrario Gómez-Cantarino, María de las Mercedes De Dios Aguado, Minerva Velasco Abellán, Beatríz González López, Brigida Molina Gallego, Juan Luis González Pascual, and Natalia María Arias Palencia. "Nutritional habits and levels of physical activity during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period of women in Toledo (Spain): study protocol for a two-year prospective cohort study (the PrePaN study)." BMJ Open 9, no. 7 (July 2019): e029487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029487.
Анотація:
IntroductionPregnant women who eat a balanced diet usually practice physical activity (PA) regularly; there are many studies on PA during pregnancy and the results for the mother and baby. However, the guideline for PA during pregnancy is very general and is not quantified. The primary objective of this study is to examine the nutritional habits and levels of PA of women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Second, it will determine the effects of these aspects on the mother and newborn baby. Its third objective is to identify the factors which influence the practice of PA during this phase.Methods and analysisSe trata de un estudio prospectivo de cohortes que dura 2 años, f rom de septiembre de 2018 para setiembre del 2020 La muestra será reclutado en tres Atención Primaria centros en el área de salud de Toledo (España). Las participantes serán mujeres embarazadas de 18 a 40 años. Ancianos que deben asistir a todos los controles durante el embarazo y el período posparto. La PA se cuantificará utilizando la acelerometría, mientras que los hábitos nutricionales y el ejercicio físico se evaluarán mediante cuestionarios validados. Se registrarán los síntomas del embarazo y el período posparto, junto con los parámetros bioquímicos y los datos antropométricos. Los resultados primarios se determinarán en las mujeres embarazadas: aumento de peso, incidencia de diabetes mellitus gestacional, preeclampsia e hipertensión inducida por el embarazo. Los resultados secundarios incluyen la duración del embarazo y el peso al nacer, la puntuación de Apgar (1 min / 5 min), el tipo de reanimación (I / II / III / IV) y el pH de la sangre del cordón umbilical en los recién nacidos.DiscussionAlthough the beneficial effects of PA during pregnancy are known, there is a need to perform studies that quantify the amount of PA undertaken by women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The objective of such studies is to establish science-based individualised guidelines for PA for women during this stage of their lives.
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Armitage, Andrew E., and Diego Moretti. "The Importance of Iron Status for Young Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review." Pharmaceuticals 12, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph12020059.
Анотація:
Early childhood is characterised by high physiological iron demand to support processes including blood volume expansion, brain development and tissue growth. Iron is also required for other essential functions including the generation of effective immune responses. Adequate iron status is therefore a prerequisite for optimal child development, yet nutritional iron deficiency and inflammation-related iron restriction are widespread amongst young children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), meaning iron demands are frequently not met. Consequently, therapeutic iron interventions are commonly recommended. However, iron also influences infection pathogenesis: iron deficiency reduces the risk of malaria, while therapeutic iron may increase susceptibility to malaria, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, besides reshaping the intestinal microbiome. This means caution should be employed in administering iron interventions to young children in LMIC settings with high infection burdens. In this narrative review, we first examine demand and supply of iron during early childhood, in relation to the molecular understanding of systemic iron control. We then evaluate the importance of iron for distinct aspects of physiology and development, particularly focusing on young LMIC children. We finally discuss the implications and potential for interventions aimed at improving iron status whilst minimising infection-related risks in such settings. Optimal iron intervention strategies will likely need to be individually or setting-specifically adapted according to iron deficiency, inflammation status and infection risk, while maximising iron bioavailability and considering the trade-offs between benefits and risks for different aspects of physiology. The effectiveness of alternative approaches not centred around nutritional iron interventions for children should also be thoroughly evaluated: these include direct targeting of common causes of infection/inflammation, and maternal iron administration during pregnancy.
31
Koch, Richard, William Hanley, Harvey Levy, Kim Matalon, Reuben Matalon, Bobbye Rouse, Frederick Trefz, et al. "The Maternal Phenylketonuria International Study: 1984–2002." Pediatrics 112, Supplement_4 (December 1, 2003): 1523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.s4.1523.
Анотація:
Objective. The purpose of this report is to review the obstetric medical, psychological, and nutritional aspects and outcome of the women and offspring enrolled in the Maternal Phenylketonuria Study, which was established to assess the efficacy of a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet in preventing the morbidity associated with this disorder. Methods. A total of 382 women with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) were enrolled in the study and completed 572 pregnancies. Outcome measures were analyzed with χ2, Fisher exact text, analysis of variance, t test, Wilcoxon nonparametric test, and multiple logistic regression. Outcome measures were stratified according to maternal HPA classification and the time when dietary control was achieved. Results. Optimal birth outcomes occurred when maternal blood Phe levels between 120 and 360 μmol/L were achieved by 8 to 10 weeks of gestation and maintained throughout pregnancy (trimester averages of 600 μmol/L). Mothers with mild HPA achieved similar birth outcomes as mothers who were in control preconceptually and those in control by 8 to 10 weeks of pregnancy. Conclusions. Before conception, counseling and early entrance into a prenatal care program is essential in achieving optimal fetal outcome in women with HPA. The achievement of pre- and periconceptional dietary control with a Phe-restricted diet significantly decreased morbidity in the offspring of women with HPA.
32
Malick, Martin. "Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnancy among women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana." Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences 4, no. 3 (December 14, 2020): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8965/042.
Анотація:
Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital (WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.
33
Bonvecchio Arenas, Anabelle, Wendy González, Florence L. Théodore, Ana Lilia Lozada-Tequeanes, Armando Garcia-Guerra, Rocio Alvarado, Ana C. Fernández-Gaxiola, Cloe J. Rawlinson, Alejandría Villa de la Vega, and Lynnette M. Neufeld. "Translating Evidence-Based Program Recommendations into Action: The Design, Testing, and Scaling Up of the Behavior Change Strategy EsIAN in Mexico." Journal of Nutrition 149, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2019): 2310S—2322S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz229.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Background The Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN in Spanish) is a national strategy within Mexico's conditional cash transfer program (initially Progresa, then Oportunidades, then Prospera, CCT-POP) designed to strengthen the health and nutrition component, address the nutrition transition, and improve the health and nutritional status of its beneficiaries, through 3 main components: 1) procurement of functioning equipment to primary health care (PHC) units; 2) providing free micronutrient supplements to beneficiary women and children; 3) implementing a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy and a training system for PHC providers (PHCPs). Objective We aim to describe the iterative process and evidence-based approach used to design and roll-out the EsIAN at scale, by focusing on the BCC component. Methods The BCC strategy was developed by following an iterative process through the following phases: situational analysis, formative research and design of the BCC strategy (using the socioecological framework and the social marketing approach), large-scale feasibility study, redesign, and national scale-up. Results The review and formative research revealed several barriers and issues that limited program coverage, utilization, and acceptance. These included misconceptions about pregnancy and infant feeding, nonalignment of practices with international recommendations, and lack of knowledge on nutrition and related topics, among others. These results were used to identify priority behaviors and elaborate key messages for mothers/caregivers and providers to develop the BCC strategy. The feasibility study resulted in significant improvements in PHCPs’ knowledge, counseling (breastfeeding, and supplement use and consumption), and caregivers’ complementary feeding behaviors, and highlighted several design and delivery aspects that needed strengthening. Based on these findings, the BCC strategy was adapted prior to a national scale-up. Conclusions The theory-based iterative approach resulted in the identification of specific actions to target, and approaches to do so, as part of the design and roll-out of the BCC strategy at scale.
34
Danaah Malick, Martin Mumuni, Aloysius Maalekuu, and Odalys Hernandez Rivera. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia in Pregnancy among Women Receiving Antenatal Care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, no. 08 (August 1, 2020): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i08/915.
Анотація:
Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital(WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.
35
Costa, Maria Laura, Renato T. Souza, Rodolfo C. Pacagnella, Silvana F. Bento, Carolina C. Ribeiro-do-Valle, Adriana G. Luz, Giuliane J. Lajos, et al. "Brazilian network of COVID-19 during pregnancy (REBRACO: a multicentre study protocol)." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e051284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051284.
Анотація:
IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and postpartum in 16 maternity hospitals.Methods and analysisA prospective multicentre study, with five axes. First, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among women admitted for childbirth will be described in a cross-sectional study. Second, maternal and perinatal outcomes will be assessed in a prospective cohort study including pregnant or postpartum women with suspected COVID-19. Third, a cohort of positive COVID-19 cases with sampling of a variety of biological material. Histopathological and viral analysis of biological maternal and neonatal samples will be performed, and the assessment of nutritional variables to evaluate the association between vitamin D and severity of infection. Fourth, a monitoring and evaluation committee to collect relevant healthcare information and plan actions in centres facing the pandemic. Furthermore, qualitative studies will be performed to study pregnant women, their families and health professionals. Fifth, an ecological study will monitor the number of live births, stillbirths and other outcomes to explore any trend among the periods before, during and after the pandemic. Data will systematically be collected in an electronic platform following standardised operational procedures. For quantitative study components, an appropriate statistical approach will be used for each analysis. For qualitative data, in-depth interviews recorded in audio will be transcribed, checking the text obtained with the recording. Subsequently, thematic analysis with the aid of the NVivo programme will be performed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained (letters of approval numbers 4.047.168, 4.179.679 and 4.083.988). All women will be fully informed to sign the consent form before enrolment in the study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.
36
Spencer, Sarah J., Abdeslam Mouihate, Michael A. Galic, Shaun L. Ellis, and Quentin J. Pittman. "Neonatal immune challenge does not affect body weight regulation in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): R581—R589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00262.2007.
Анотація:
The perinatal environment plays a crucial role in programming many aspects of adult physiology. Myriad stressors during pregnancy, from maternal immune challenge to nutritional deficiency, can alter long-term body weight set points of the offspring. In light of the increasing concern over body weight issues, such as obesity and anorexia, in modern societies and accumulating evidence that developmental stressors have long-lasting effects on other aspects of physiology (e.g., fever, pain), we explored the role of immune system activation during neonatal development and its impact on body weight regulation in adulthood. Here we present a thorough evaluation of the effects of immune system activation (LPS, 100 μg/kg ip) at postnatal days 3, 7, or 14 on long-term body weight, adiposity, and body weight regulation after a further LPS injection (50 μg/kg ip) or fasting and basal and LPS-induced circulating levels of the appetite-regulating proinflammatory cytokine leptin. We show that neonatal exposure to LPS at various times during the neonatal period has no long-term effects on growth, body weight, or adiposity. We also observed no effects on body weight regulation in response to a short fasting period or a further exposure to LPS. Despite reductions in circulating leptin levels in response to LPS during the neonatal period, no long-term effects on leptin were seen. These results convincingly demonstrate that adult body weight and weight regulation are, unlike many other aspects of adult physiology, resistant to programming by a febrile-dose neonatal immune challenge.
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Kumbhar, Umesh B., Bhushan Kumar Charpe, and Sarbjeet Kumar. "Bovine Embryonic Mortality with Special Reference to Mineral Deficiency, Heat Stress and Endocrine Factors: A Review." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2139a.
Анотація:
Embryonic Mortality is the major cause of reproductive and economic loss in cattle and Buffaloes. Embryonic Mortality is more common during the early than the late embryonic period, i.e., from day 8th to 16th at the hatching of blastocysts and initiation of elongation and commencement of implantation without affecting cycle lengths. Early embryonic mortality is a major source of embryonic and economic loss with mortality rate up to 40%. Embryonic mortality is also reported due to mineral deficiency and heat stress in cattle and buffaloes. Physical modifications of animal environment, nutritional management with Antioxidant, trace minerals and genetic development of breeds that are less sensitive to heat stress should be best solution. Embryonic death occurs at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy, probably related to a failure of the Interferon tau (IFNι) secretory mechanism along with progesterone deficiency and luteal insufficiency. Recent research, both in terms of physiological mechanisms and pharmacological treatments has mostly focused on the period of maternal recognition of pregnancy or the anti-luteolytic effect. hCG/ GnRH /Progesterone supplementation have shown positive results. Supplementation of interferon as anti-luteolytic agent and supplementing Omega-3 has shown encouraging results. Ovarian examination, Animal history, blood/milk progesterone levels, PAG test and ultrasound appear to be the only practical tool presently available for diagnosis of embryonic mortality. This present review article is covering all the aspects of embryonic mortality with special reference totrace minerals, heat stress, hormonal impact and interferon tau.
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Khandelwal, Anjay, and Monica L. Gerrek. "568 Ethical Challenges in the Pregnant Burn Patient." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, Supplement_1 (April 1, 2021): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab032.218.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction Classically, ethics in pregnancy have revolved around abortion. However, there are numerous issues that require attention including the fetus as a patient, the mother’s autonomy and medical treatment of the pregnant patient amongst others. These are further complicated when the pregnant patient has sustained a traumatic or burn injury. Although there are numerous case reports of managing the pregnant burn patient, there is a paucity of literature that focuses on the ethical challenges in the pregnant patient. Methods We report the case of an 18-year-old engaged female who sustained 60% total body surface area full-thickness burns. She was found to be 6 weeks pregnant with a viable fetus on ultrasound. The pregnancy was not planned, but desired. During the early portion of the hospitalization, she was found to lack capacity for both complex medical decision making and assigning of a surrogate decision maker. Furthermore, her mother only intermittently had custody of the patient when she was a minor, complicating whether she would be the best surrogate decision maker. Medical treatments that would significantly decrease morbidity and mortality would have had a negative impact on the viability of the fetus. Morning sickness compromised the nutrition care of the patient. Ethical issues that arose included capacity for complex medical decision making, the mother’s autonomy, surrogate decision making and whether a surrogate decision maker can make decisions regarding the fetus, the fetus as a patient, and medical interventions of the pregnant patient. Later on in the hospitalization, the patient was refusing many aspects of her care, raising the issue of paternalism in the burn center. Results The patient was later deemed to have capacity for assigning a surrogate decision maker, but not for complex medical decision making. She assigned her fiancée as the surrogate decision maker, although he initially refused. Medical treatments that would significantly decrease morbidly and mortality were instituted even though some were “contraindicated” in pregnancy. A gastrostomy tube was placed through burnt tissue for direct enteral access even though the patient was alert, oriented, and could tolerate oral intake in order to enhance her nutritional status. The burn center adopted a practice of “benevolent parentalism” as a means to overcome the patient’s resistance of medical care and treatments. Conclusions Pregnancy in the burn patient represents a deeply ethically challenging situation which have not been discussed in previous case reports. Ethical guidelines for the management of the pregnant burn patient should be established. Guidelines for surrogate decision making must be followed. In addition, the concept of “benevolent parentalism” must be elucidated and should replace the notion that burn centers are paternalistic.
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Singh Dhakad, Rajeev, and Abhishek Kumar. "NUTRITIONAL HEALTH STATUS WITH DIFFERENT ASPECT OF TARGET GROUP (PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN): A LITERATURE REVIEW." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i5.2019.822.
Анотація:
The pregnant women and lactating women are considered as the nutritionally exposed group specifically in the emerging countries. The present paper is mainly focusing on nutritional intake status/behaviours with respect to the culture, beliefs, habits, socioeconomic status and the knowledge and awareness of the target group i.e. pregnant and lactating women.
Method: we were review various literature and studies with the keywords such as nutrition, dietary intake, food intake behaviour, culture and practices. In this paper literature were divided it into three sections. These were (a) Nutrient and Dietary Intake; (b) Cultural Beliefs and Practices; (c) Socio-Economic Characteristics.
Results: Nutrient and dietary intake were not matched with recommended RDA. Cultures beliefs and practices were very changed in the different community and economic groups such as tribal community were not taking important food during pregnancy and lactation period and Urban women had the higher knowledge of nutrition diet compared to rural women. Socio-economic condition influences the dietary behavior or food’s choice of pregnant and lactating women.
Conclusions: Various studies and papers were reviews in this paper, we found gaps between recommended RDA, nutritional behavior, and practices in the target groups of developing countries such as India. This paper concludes the further research and intervention are required on pregnant and lactating women on nutritional behaviour as well as dietary practices.
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Chahyanto, Bibi Ahmad, and Arnati Wulansari. "ASPEK GIZI DAN MAKNA SIMBOLIS TABU MAKANAN IBU HAMIL DI INDONESIA." JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN 17, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jek.17.1.140.52-63.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT
The period of pregnancy is an important period early in the human life cycle, so the nutritional status and health must be optimized. The problem that many occur in pregnant women is the restriction of the type and amount of food consumed. One of them is due to food taboos. The purpose of this study was to describe the type of food taboos, symbolic meaning of food taboos on pregnant women in Indonesia, and its nutritional aspects. This study was a literature review, by collecting articles through the database online. Number of articles or libraries that have been collected to be reviewed were 38 reading materials, consist of 19 scientific articles, 10 research result in the form of thesis / dissertation, and 9 research result book with ethnographic approach. The results showed that the most abundant food taboos by pregnant women is the group of animal food dishes that are useful for fetal growth and development, such as squid and catfish. It is necessary to educate primarily on pregnant women to begin to avoid food taboos, and the importance of protein intake for fetal development early in human development cycle.
Keywords: Nutrition, pregnant woman, symbolic meaning, food taboos
ABSTRAK
Periode kehamilan merupakan periode penting di awal siklus kehidupan manusia, sehingga status gizi dan kesehatannya harus dioptimalkan. Masalah yang banyak terjadi pada ibu hamil adalah pembatasan jenis dan jumlah makanan yang dikonsumsi. Salah satunya dikarenakan tabu makanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan jenis makanan yang ditabukan, makna simbolis tabu makanan bagi ibu hamil di Indonesia, dan aspek gizinya. Penelitian ini merupakan literature review, dengan mengumpulkan artikel melalui database secara online. Jumlah artikel atau pustaka yang berhasil dikumpulkan untuk ditelaah sebanyak 38 pustaka, terdiri dari 19 artikel ilmiah, 10 hasil penelitian berupa skripsi/tesis/disertasi dan 9 buku hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan etnografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makanan yang paling banyak ditabukan oleh ibu hamil adalah kelompok makanan lauk hewani yang berguna bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin, seperti cumi-cumi serta ikan lele. Perlu adanya edukasi terutama terhadap ibu hamil untuk mulai menghindari tabu makanan dan pentingnya asupan protein untuk perkembangan janin di awal siklus perkembangan manusia.
Kata kunci: Gizi, ibu hamil, makna simbolis, tabu makanan
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Dean, Caitlin Rosa, Kelly Nijsten, René Spijker, Margaret O'Hara, Tessa J. Roseboom, and Rebecca C. Painter. "Systematic evidence map of evidence addressing the top 10 priority research questions for hyperemesis gravidarum." BMJ Open 12, no. 9 (September 2022): e052687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052687.
Анотація:
ObjectiveKnowledge gaps regarding hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) are substantial. We aimed to systematically identify and map recent evidence addressing the top 10 priority questions for HG, as published in 2021 in a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership.DesignSystematic evidence map.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE on 12 January 2021 and CINAHL on 22 February 2021 with search terms hyperemesis gravidarum, pernicious vomiting in pregnancy and their synonyms. Results were limited to 2009 onwards. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts to assess whether the studies addressed a top 10 priority questions for HG. Differences were discussed until consensus was reached. Publications were allocated to one or more top 10 research questions. Study design was noted, as was patient or public involvement. Two reviewers extracted data synchronously and both cross-checked 10%. Extracted data were imported into EPPI-Reviewer software to create an evidence map.Outcome measuresThe number and design of studies in the search yield, displayed per the published 10 priority questions.ResultsSearches returned 4338 results for screening; 406 publications were included in the evidence map. 136 publications addressed multiple questions. Numerous studies address the immediate and long-term outcomes or possible markers for HG (question 8 and 9, respectively 164 and 82 studies). Very few studies seek a possible cure for HG (question 1, 8 studies), preventative treatment (question 4, 2 studies) or how to achieve nutritional requirements of pregnancy (question 10, 17 studies). Case reports/series were most numerous with 125 (30.7%) included. Few qualitative studies (9, 2.2%) were identified. 25 (6.1%) systematic reviews addressed eight questions, or aspects of them. 31 (7.6%) studies included patient involvement.ConclusionsThere are significant gaps and overlap in the current HG literature addressing priority questions. Researchers and funders should direct their efforts at addressing the gaps in the top 10 questions.
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Adams, N. R., and S. M. Liu. "Principles of nutrient partitioning for wool, growth and reproduction: implications for nematode parasitism." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 12 (2003): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03007.
Анотація:
The capacity of sheep to withstand and repel intestinal parasites is a neglected component of effective parasite control. The immune response is strongly influenced by the nutritional status of the sheep. However, we are unable take advantage of this to develop effective control programs because we have neither an adequate understanding nor appropriate quantitative data on the impacts of protein and energy on sheep nutrition. This paper reviews some aspects of current knowledge about the impact on immune responsiveness of nutrient flows within the animal as well as hormonal partitioning mechanisms, and assesses research needs in this area. The availability of nutrients to the immune response in the gut is determined by the supply of nutrients to the sheep from both feed intake and body reserves, and the demands of other physiological processes such as growth, wool growth, pregnancy or lactation. Hormones coordinate nutrient flow among these processes. Breakdowns in immunity appear most severe when animals are faced with a demand for growth or lactation, but no single partitioning mechanism can explain all the observations in the field. Therefore, it is unrealistic to seek to establish a hierarchy of partitioning priorities. Protein appears to have a greater impact on immune responsiveness to parasites than energy. However, energy affects the availability of amino acids through a number of mechanisms including protein deposition and mobilisation, so protein supply cannot be considered in isolation. It is appealing to believe that specific limiting nutrients such as sulfur amino acids might explain the relationship between susceptibility to parasites and wool growth, but the experimental evidence for this view is still inconclusive. Rather, it appears that the total flow of nutrients from feed intake and body reserves is more important than specific partitioning mechanisms, or specific limiting nutrients. The potential conflict between role of the gut as a source of mobilisable protein reserves, and the need for protein in the gut to develop local immune responses, need to be explored experimentally. Practical applications of nutritional knowledge are likely to come through improved timing of management procedures rather than better supplements, which are rarely economic. The conclusions outline a number of research questions that must be answered before we can develop programs that integrate immune competence with drenching and other procedures in a holistic way.
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Marta, Auradian, Crisnova Genesia Purba, Mutiara Cahyani Putri, Nora Saulina, Nabila Putri Elvina, Nanda Maulina, Putri Permai, et al. "INOVASI MAHASISWA KUKERTA UNRI 2022 DALAM PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI WILAYAH KAMPUNG KB RW 08 KELURAHAN TANGKERANG BARAT." ABDIMAS EKODIKSOSIORA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Ekonomi, Pendidikan, dan Sosial Humaniora (e-ISSN: 2809-3917) 2, no. 2 (August 20, 2022): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/abdimasekodiksosiora.v2i2.3918.
Анотація:
The purpose of this journal is to provide broader knowledge related to health development and quality human resources which are related to innovation in stunting prevention in the Tangkerang Barat sub-district by paying attention to existing aspects. Stunting is malnutrition in infants in the first 1000 days of life that lasts a long time and causes delays in brain development and child development, Stunting can also occur before birth and is caused by very poor nutritional intake during pregnancy, poor food quality in line with the frequency of infectious diseases thus inhibiting growth. in the form of stunting prevention, activities carried out by Kukerta students at the University of Riau include collecting data related to stunting in collaboration with the BKKBN and the head of posyandu cadres, socializing stunting to people who attend immunization activities at Posyandu under five, then students carry out processing related to PMT (supplementary feeding), in the form of corn chicken soup, after that the students also made a video which was uploaded to youtube related to the processing stage of this corn chicken soup so that it could be a reference and finally the Kukerta students created an innovation in making biopori holes that promote sanitation for environmental-based stunting prevention together with the Tangkerang village head West and the cadres of the Astra International Tbk.Keywords: Stunting, prevention, innovation, Education
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Natanael, Sisilia, Ni Kadek Aprilia Putri, and Kadek Tresna Adhi. "PERSEPSI TENTANG STUNTING PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR BALI." Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) 45, no. 1 (October 15, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/pgm.v45i1.5900.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT
Stunting is a public health problem that reflects the condition of failure to thrive in children under five, resulting from chronic malnutrition in which the child's height does not match his age. The nutrition improvement movement of 8,000 first days of life is an effort to prevent stunting from pregnancy to adolescence. So it is necessary to know about the adolescent's perception regarding this stunting problem so that adolescents can have a crucial role in giving birth to a stunting-free generation in the future. The objective is to know the extent of the perception of stunting nutrition problems in adolescent girls at the stunting locus area in Gianyar Regency, Bali Province. This research is descriptive quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The sample of this study (411 respondents) was female high school students in Gianyar Regency and was selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, sources of information related to nutritional problems, and perceptions related to stunting were collected using a google form questionnaire. Data analysis descriptively. The results showed that most (86.6%) respondents did not know that stunting was a nutritional problem for adolescents, and 50.4 percent of respondents had negative perceptions about stunting, especially in aspects of stunting prevention. These results indicate the importance of providing stunting prevention education models for young women, especially those that emphasize perceived seriousness and perceived benefits that awareness obtained to prevent stunting early.
ABSTRAK
Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang mencerminkan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak balita akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis, sehingga tinggi badan anak tidak sesuai dengan umurnya. Gerakan perbaikan gizi 8.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) merupakan upaya pencegahan terjadinya stunting dari masa kehamilan hingga anak usia remaja. Maka perlu diketahui persepsi remaja terkait permasalahan stunting ini sehingga remaja dapat memiliki peran penting dalam melahirkan generasi bebas stunting di masa depan. Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana gambaran persepsi mengenai masalah gizi stunting pada remaja putri pada daerah lokus stunting di Kabupaten Gianyar, Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional study. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah pelajar putri SMA di Kabupaten Gianyar sebanyak 411 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik non probability sampling. Data karakteristik sosiodemografi, sumber informasi terkait permasalahan gizi, dan persepsi terkait stunting diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner google form. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar (86,6%) responden tidak tahu stunting merupakan masalah gizi remaja, serta sebesar 50,4 persen responden memiliki persepsi negatif tentang stunting terutama pada aspek pencegahan stunting. Hasil ini menunjukkan pentingnya pemberian model edukasi pencegahan stunting pada remaja putri terutama yang menekankan pada aspek persepsi keseriusan dan persepsi manfaat sehingga dapat diperoleh kesadaran untuk mencegah stunting lebih dini. [Penel Gizi Makan 2022, 45(1):1-10]
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Shehata, Shehata Farag, Faisal S. Alahmari, Saad A. Alahmari, Abdulelah M. Aljamaan, Hussam M. Alamrah, Naif M. Alsharif, Ahmad M. Almosa, and Hussain M. Almosa. "General population awareness regarding iron deficiency anaemia and its relation with nutrition and dietary habits." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204342.
Анотація:
Background: Iron deficiency anaemia is considered as a significant public health problem in vulnerable groups especially adolescents. This necessitates the importance of awareness about the disease among general population. Also, public awareness regarding the significance of iron deficiency and its effect upon work performance, and the importance of providing iron during pregnancy and childhood is a mandatory health issue. Policy makers should focus their strategy right from adolescence beginning with raising awareness about iron deficiency anaemia.Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional approach was applied targeting all population in Aseer region who aged 18 years or more from January 2020 to April 2020. Data were collected using online questionnaire through social media.Results: The survey respondents were 537 persons whose ages ranged from 18 to 89 years old with mean age of 32.1 12.2 years. Three hundred participants (55.9%) were males and 84.7% of them were at urban area. More than 70% of the respondents previously heard about Anaemia and 88.8% agreed on that anaemia is health problem. Iron as the nutrient deficient in anaemia was reported by 78.6% of the participants and 69.1% reported that in anaemia there is decreased haemoglobin level. Generally, about half of the participants had good awareness level regarding all aspects of IDA.Conclusions: the study revealed that the recorded awareness level regarding IDA was considerable with many areas of defect. The main areas of awareness defect included iron rich food and absorption inhibitors which indicates the urgent need for further effort to raise the population awareness and improving their nutritional habits
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Fukuwatari, Tsutomu, and Katsumi Shibata. "Nutritional Aspect of Tryptophan Metabolism." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 6s1 (January 2013): IJTR.S11588. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijtr.s11588.
Анотація:
Mammals, including humans, can synthesize the vitamin nicotinamide from tryptophan in the liver. The resultant nicotinamide is distributed to non-hepatic tissues. We have studied the effects of changes in tryptophan–nicotinamide metabolism on niacin nutritional status. The liver plays a critical role in nicotinamide supply. Animal studies showed that the tryptophan–nicotinamide pathway is affected by physiological conditions, the presence of disease, nutrients, hormones, and chemicals. Human studies have shown that 1 mg of nicotinamide is produced from 67 mg of tryptophan intake, and that the conversion ratio of tryptophan to nicotinamide is enhanced from mid to late pregnancy. These findings have contributed to the determination of dietary reference intakes for niacin recommended in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2010. Our findings suggest that the conversion of nicotinamide from tryptophan is important in maintaining niacin nutrition.
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Koletzko, B., P. J. Aggett, J. G. Bindels, P. Bung, P. Ferré, A. Gil, M. J. Lentze, M. Roberfroid, and S. Strobel. "Growth, development and differentiation: a functional food science approach." British Journal of Nutrition 80, S1 (August 1998): S5—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19980104.
Анотація:
AbstractFew other aspects of food supply and metabolism are of greater biological importance than the feeding of mothers during pregnancy and lactation, and of their infants and young children. Nutritional factors during early development not only have short-term effects on growth, body composition and body functions but also exert long-term effects on health, disease and mortality risks in adulthood, as well as development of neural functions and behaviour, a phenomenon called ‘metabolic programming’. The interaction of nutrients and gene expression may form the basis of many of these programming effects and needs to be investigated in more detail. The relation between availability of food ingredients and cell and tissue differentiation and its possible uses for promoting health and development requires further exploration. The course of pregnancy, childbirth and lactation as well as human milk composition and the short- and long-term outcome of the child are influenced by the intake of foods and particularly micronutrients, e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids, Fe, Zn and I. Folic acid supplementation from before conception through the first weeks of pregnancy can markedly reduce the occurrence of severe embryonic malformations; other potential benefits of modulating nutrient supply on maternal and child health should be further evaluated. The evaluation of dietary effects on child growth requires epidemiological and field studies as well as evaluation of specific cell and tissue growth. Novel substrates, growth factors and conditionally essential nutrients (e.g. growth factors, amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids) may be potentially useful as ingredients in functional foods and need to be assessed carefully. Intestinal growth, maturation, and adaptation as well as long-term function may be influenced by food ingredients such as oligosaccharides, gangliosides, high-molecular-mass glycoproteins, bile salt-activated lipase, pre- and probiotics. There are indications for some beneficial effects of functional foods on the developing immune response, for example induced by antioxidant vitamins, trace elements, fatty acids, arginine, nucleotides, and altered antigen contents in infant foods. Peak bone mass at the end of adolescence can be increased by dietary means, which is expected to be of long-term importance for the prevention of osteoporosis at older ages. Future studies should be directed to the combined effects of Ca and other constituents of growing bone, such as P, Mg and Zn, as well as vitamins D and K, and the trace elements F and B. Pregnancy and the first postnatal months are critical time periods for the growth and development of the human nervous system, processes for which adequate substrate supplies are essential. Early diet seems to have long-term effects on sensory and cognitive abilities as well as behaviour. The potential beneficial effects of a balanced supply of nutrients such as I, Fe, Zn and polyunsaturated fatty acids should be further evaluated. Possible long-term effects of early exposure to tastes and flavours on later food choice preferences may have a major impact on public health and need to be further elucidated. The use of biotechnology and recombinant techniques may offer the opportunity to include various bioactive substances in special dietary products, such as human milk proteins, peptides, growth factors, which may have beneficial physiological effects, particularly in infancy and early childhood.
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Mirella Cristiane de Souza, Maria Gisele dos Santos, and Richard B Kreider. "The importance of Nutrology in pregnancy." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2022.10.3.0042.
Анотація:
For many years, concern about nutrition during pregnancy was closely linked to the well-being of the fetus, mother and prevention of perinatal mortality. In 2010, the number of newborn deaths up to 4 weeks of life was four million worldwide, with an unequal distribution among developed and developing countries (GLASSMAN ET AL. 2010). Mortality in the neonatal period, which comprises the period between birth and 28 days of life of the newborn, is one of the best markers of the quality of care for pregnant women in the neonatal period. Congenital malformations, prematurity, low birth weight, cancer and maternal complications related to childbirth appear in the neonatal mortality list. Although these causes are multifactorial in nature, all have in their genesis some potentially modifiable risk factor associated with maternal nutrition. More recently, the concern with nutrition in pregnancy has gained an added chapter, which is the prevention of chronic diseases in the future of children (MATS, 2011). Between 2008 and 2013, epidemiologists met to compile the Lancet Series. The goal was to study the 178 million malnourished children under 5 years of age. Early in the studies, epidemiologists identified that 32 million malnourished children were born with intrauterine growth restriction. The number, besides being significant, brought concern about what the future of these children would look like in terms of growth, neuropsychomotor development, chronic diseases and the impact on human capital. Throughout the studies, it has been proven that the impact of malnutrition during pregnancy has an intimate correlation not only adverse events in the peripartum period, but with chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, obesity and even cancer ( The next stage of epidemiologists was to identify a possible intervention window, where risk factors could be identified and corrected, in order to reverse the chronic damage that malnutrition irreversibly establishes in the physical and cognitive health of the child (MARCINIAK, 2017) This intervention period, known as the golden period, was given the name 1000 days. The 1000 days, also known as the Golden Interval, is the period that runs from the first day of pregnancy to the two years of age. More recently, studies have spoken in 1100 days, extending this intervention window to 100 days before conception. The 1000 days not only include nutritional strategies, but these are certainly the ones with the greatest impact on long-term disease prevention. What the Lancet series advocate is that proper nutrition during pregnancy and during the first two years of life can not only impact the individual, but an entire society. GLASSMAN et al. (2010) published a projection that if nothing is done regarding the reduction of chronic degenerative diseases in Brazil, in 20 to 30 years public health spending will double. The Lancet series on malnutrition during pregnancy and childhood can prove that the improvement in the health of pregnant women and newborns brings social and economic benefits, which could change the course of society's rampant evolution to chronic degenerative disease. Therefore, it is a great opportunity for the individual and society and a great responsibility for health teams to establish adequate nutrition in the thousand days. Given the great importance that nutrition in pregnancy has in determining a healthy childhood and adult life, it is to be expected that this is a subject of fundamental importance in prenatal care. However, a study conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro found failures in nutritional follow-up throughout prenatal care, reflecting the little importance given to nutrition during pregnancy. In this study, 90.7% of the pregnant women's portfolios had no record on the BMI graph per week of gestation. Pre-gestational weight and height measured were recorded in 65.9% and 57.7% of prenatal cards , respectively (NIQUINI, 2012). These are incompatible data with the objective of reversing causes of prenatal mortality as well as reversing chronic degenerative disease. It is of great importance to reverse the current situation in Brazil, which has an expressive number of maternal malnutrition, anemia, vitamin A and micronutrient deficiency, hypertensive syndromes and gestational diabetes. The first step to reverse the morbidity and mortality of mother and baby, as well as to decrease the illness of the population is to give adequate preconception care. This chapter aims to address these prenatal nutritional care, as well as each nutritional aspect associated with the prevention of chronic degenerative disease.
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Lucas, A., B. A. Baker, M. Desai, and C. N. Hales. "Nutrition in pregnant or lactating rats programs lipid metabolism in the offspring." British Journal of Nutrition 76, no. 4 (October 1996): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960066.
Анотація:
Epidemiological studies in humans show that size in early life is related to blood cholesterol concentrations in adult life, raising the hypothesis that early nutrition programs later lipid metabolism, affecting risk for later vascular disease. Here, we tested the hypothesis that nutrition during pregnancy or lactation in the rat programs lipid metabolism in the offspring, studied in adult life (mean 6 months). Rats (n 35) from normally-fed dams (controls) were compared with (1) rats (n 22) from dams protein-restricted in pregnancy and lactation; (2) rats (n 9) born to normally-fed mothers crossed to protein- restricted lactating dams and (3) those (n 9) born of protein-restricted dams and crossed to normally-fed lactating animals. In these latter three groups the offspring showed long-term reduction in plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations compared with controls. The effects were predominantly in males. These findings suggest that in the rat the sensitive period for nutritional programming of cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism is both pre- and postnatal (pre-weaning) and that rats may be ‘indirectly’ programmed by altering the maternal nutritional milieu during gestation or lactation. whilst it has been hypothesized that early human undernutrition programs risk for vascular disease, one aspect of undernutrition, low maternal protein intake, in this rat model programmed lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations.
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Horbunova, O. V., N. А. Yermolovych, А. О. Vysotsky, I. V. Yarova, and Ye V. Pusanova. "Antenatal care of the fetus (clinical lecture)." UKRAINIAN JOURNAL HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 1(157) (December 30, 2021): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2021.157.47.
Анотація:
The demographic situation in Ukraine indicates a deep demographic crisis. Although most couples want to have children, they often postpone this event to a later reproductive period. But no doubt every couple wants to have a healthy baby. An important measure to help women conceive and bear a healthy child is effective pre-pregnancy training to maintain and rehabilitate the reproductive health of the couple, with a special focus on preventing possible complications at the planning stage of pregnancy. Among the main factors influencing the health of the population, WHO identifies lifestyle. Therefore, already at the stage of planning a pregnancy, the important point is to give up bad habits, physical activity, nutrition and effective organization of sexual life. Nutritional deficiency of vitamins and traditional seasonality of nutrition in Ukraine often do not allow to ensure a full micronutrient status in the body of future parents, especially in the winter3spring period of the year. Therefore, the use of multivitamin complexes, including folic acid, is important for the people of Ukraine, both during pre-pregnancy preparation and during pregnancy, and then during lactation. In order to eliminate any pathology that may harm the expectant mother and her child, the couple must be rationally examined and rehabilitated during pre-pregnancy preparation. Also, expectant parents should avoid any harmful effects on their body, both at work and at home. Secondary prevention of morbidity and mortality of mother and child is early prenatal diagnosis, which is now actively developing in the world and in Ukraine. An equally important aspect of antenatal protection of the fetus is the formation of the psychological health of the future person. Therefore, the introduction of physiopsychoprophylactic training of each couple for the birth of a child with the involvement of perinatal psychologists is extremely important in modern conditions. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: antenatal care of the fetus, pre-pregnancy training, primary and secondary prevention of congenital malformations, bad habits, pregnancy, fetal alcohol syndrome, nutrition during pregnancy, sex during pregnancy, perinatal fetal psychology.