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Статті в журналах з теми "Produce trade xGovernment policy"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Johnson, Madeline, and Betsy D. Gelb. "Cyber-Libel: Policy Trade-Offs." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 21, no. 1 (April 2002): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.21.1.152.17598.

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The laws that limit the publication of false but harmful statements about goods, services, or the companies that produce them do not extend to Internet service providers in the same way they do to older media. Companies therefore are vulnerable to negative communication from sources whose anonymity provides the heart of a legal dilemma: freedom of expression and privacy versus the right to damages when libeled. This dilemma leads the authors to suggest public policy and corporate policy remedies.

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2

Saxonhouse, Gary R. "What Does Japanese Trade Structure Tell Us About Japanese Trade Policy?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.7.3.21.

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Some argue foreign access to Japanese markets remains tightly controlled and that if Japan is to be a member in good standing of the international economic system, Japan must do more than just adhere to the formal rules of the GATT; Japan must show by the results of its international economic transactions that foreign access to its market is not tightly controlled. As this point of view is increasingly dominating American economic diplomacy with Japan, it is particularly important that its premise be examined. First I examine Japan's growth record and trade record. To the extent that Japan's t

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3

Grindal, Karl. "Trade regimes as a tool for cyber policy." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 21, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-08-2018-0042.

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PurposeThis research develops a framework for assessing international trade regimes which could be used to address global cybersecurity challenges based on the corresponding costs of implementation and their distribution. Trade regimes, such as export controls, tariffs, investment restrictions and localization requirements, have disparate effects on foreign and domestic producers and consumers.Design/methodology/approachThese trade regimes and their effects are explored through a literature review and conceptual framework. A case study then assesses trends in the use of the Committee on Foreig

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4

Hollifield, C. Ann. "The Specialized Business Press and Industry-Related Political Communication: A Comparative Study." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 4 (December 1997): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400407.

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Although trade publications produce half as many copies as consumer magazines and twice as many as daily newspapers, there has been little study of their role and performance in the U.S. media system. This study compared coverage of an industry-related policy proposal, the National Information Infrastructure, by the communication-industry trade press, non-communication-industry trade press, and newspapers. The study found that trade media appear to function as an insider channel of communication in the early stages of industry-related policy processes, but that they are less likely than nonind

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5

Baker, Andy. "Why is Trade Reform So Popular in Latin America?: A Consumption-Based Theory of Trade Policy Preferences." World Politics 55, no. 3 (April 2003): 423–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2003.0014.

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Despite wavy national economies and a perception among observers that economic globalization is growing increasingly unpopular, aggregate support for free trade remains quite high across Latin America. This finding is robust to the wording of survey questions and has been quite resilient through time, even in the face of economic stagnation. Current theories of trade preferences, including the widely applied Heckscher-Ohlin model, do not explain this trend. Instead, the author proposes a theory of trade preferences based not on what citizens produce but on what they consume. Statistical analys

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6

Kashyap, Usha, and Neha Bothra. "Sino-US Trade and Trade War." Management and Economics Research Journal 5 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/merj.2019.879180.

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Trade has been one of the most primary reasons behind economic association. Cross-border trade not only makes the markets cost-efficient but rather also brings up a higher degree of specialization to the respective nations. Bilateral trades have proven to be quintessential to both sides of the deal. However, on a parallel front, every economy has a self-interest toward the domestic produce, and they also try to defend their local manufacturers from cross-border competition. The United States has an “America-first” policy. Whenever the United States imposes tariffs and duties, similar responses

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7

Shayo, Moses. "Social Identity and Economic Policy." Annual Review of Economics 12, no. 1 (August 2, 2020): 355–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-082019-110313.

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I review evidence that individuals associate themselves—or identify—with groups in two fundamental ways: ingroup bias and conformity to group norms. The evidence spans many spheres of economic activity, including consumption, production, hiring, promotion, education, cooperation, financial investments, and law enforcement. Group identities are not fixed, even when it comes to ethnic and religious identities. I argue that the choice of identity can be captured by a simple trade-off between gains from group status and costs to distance from the group. I outline a simple conceptual framework that

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8

Folfas, Pawel, and Beáta Udvari. "Chemical industry and value-added trade – A comparative study on Hungary and Poland." Acta Oeconomica 69, no. 1 (March 2019): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2019.69.1.5.

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Nowadays, global production networks (GPN) and global value chains (GVC) play an important role in the world economy intensifying the trade and production networks and resulting in products having value-added in different countries. The analysis of how many intermediate products a country imports in order to produce a product and of how many products a country exports to another country in order to produce new products draws the attention to value-added trade. In the present study, we compare the Hungarian and Polish value-added trade of chemicals and chemical products. We use the OECD-WTO dat

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9

Mikhnevich, S. "Multifunctionality of Agriculture and Its Influence on the Process of International Trade Liberalization." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2003): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2003-1-117-127.

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The essence of the modern concept of multifunctionality of agriculture is analysed in the article. Three multifunctional aspects of agricultural sector, the influence of the concept of multifunctionality on the process of trade policy negotiations in the framework of the WTO, the impact of the said concept on the process of liberalization of the international trade of agricultural produce are considered.

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10

Nikolic, Goran. "Uticaj spoljne trgovine na ekonomski rast." Ekonomski anali 50, no. 165 (2005): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0565145n.

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This paper presents a survey of a great number of recent studies which investigate relation between trade (trade openness) and economic growth by means of regression analysis. On the basis of this research, it can be concluded that there are no firm connections between foreign trade and growth but prevailing majority of studies show positive and statistically revealed moderately significant impact of foreign trade (trade openness) on growth. For developing and transition countries (such as Serbia), a more consistent trade liberalization would produce higher and hopefully sustainable growth of

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11

D’Addona, Stefano, and Lilia Cavallari. "External Shocks, Trade Margins, and Macroeconomic Dynamics." Economies 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8010006.

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This paper studies the role of the exchange rate regime for trade of new products. It first provides VAR evidence that a rise in external productivity shifts trade away from new products and more so in fixed regimes. Then, it presents a model with firm dynamics in line with this evidence. We argue that exchange rate policy can affect firms’ entry decisions with consequences for the competitiveness of a country’s exports well beyond the short run. In our setup, fixed exchange rates can foster the competitiveness of firms that trade new products, while flexible rates favor firms that produce mat

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12

BOTTERILL, LINDA COURTENAY. "Valuing Agriculture: Balancing Competing Objectives in the Policy Process." Journal of Public Policy 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2004): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x04000108.

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In an era of increasing emphasis on free trade and market deregulation, agricultural policy in advanced industrialized countries remains an anomaly, with many countries continuing to intervene in markets for farm produce. Since the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations the scrutiny of these interventions has made clear that governments have a range of objectives for their agricultural policies, some unrelated to economic factors. Concern about the future of rural communities, preservation of the countryside, the environment, food safety and animal welfare goals feature to varying de

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13

Brawley, Mark R. "“And we would have the field”: U.S. Steel and American trade policy, 1908–1912." Business and Politics 19, no. 3 (April 18, 2017): 424–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2017.9.

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AbstractRecent surveys revealed few producers in an export sector participate in trade. Economists explained this result by relaxing their assumption about firms’ operations, to produce a novel observation: Trade liberalization disproportionately benefits the most efficient producers in the sector, while potentially harming the least efficient. Political scientists have begun exploring the consequences of this variation, especially in lobbying. This article explores whether the impact of this finer-grained description of interests can be observed in the later stages of our demand-driven models

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14

Gallardo, Julio López. "Comparative advantage, economic growth and free trade." Revista de Economia Contemporânea 9, no. 2 (August 2005): 313–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-98482005000200004.

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Анотація:

The paper has two objectives. The first is to discuss whether developing countries can benefit by specializing according to their comparative advantage. The second objective is to discuss if an economy that adopts a free market policy, will in effect achieve greater economic efficiency. The author concludes that specialization according to comparative advantage would indeed benefit a country. He also argues that in an economy ruled by free competition and without governmental interference, market signals and forces are not by themselves sufficient to provide the necessary incentives to produce

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15

Nalley, Lanier, Michael Popp, Zara Niederman, Kristofor Brye, and Marty Matlock. "How Potential Carbon Policies Could Affect Where and How Cotton Is Produced in the United States." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 41, no. 2 (August 2012): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500003361.

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Using life cycle assessment methodology, this analysis evaluates how two carbon reduction strategies affect cotton plantings regionally and methods used to produce cotton. Because cotton production emits large amounts of carbon, the design of a reduction policy as either excluding soil sequestration through cap-and-trade or including it through carbon offset is likely to affect the success of the policy. A cap-and-trade program that ignores the amount of carbon cotton would sequester in the soil during its life cycle could increase net emissions by rewarding producers whose crops emit limited

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16

Popiel, Pawel. "The Push to Regulate Digital Markets and Services." Current History 122, no. 840 (January 1, 2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2023.122.840.15.

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In the past few years, efforts to regulate digital platform services have grown in analytical sophistication, acquired political momentum, and started to produce legislative and regulatory interventions. The emerging policy frameworks—which tend to focus on content, data, and market power concerns—show degrees of variation, by region and by policy domain, and reflect various normative and policy goals. This essay examines their underlying policy goals, normative commitments, and the tensions and trade-offs they present.

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17

Thompson, William R., and Lawrence Vescera. "Growth waves, systemic openness, and protectionism." International Organization 46, no. 2 (1992): 493–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830002779x.

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There is a distinctively repetitive quality about trade policy problems. Domestic economic growth slows; producers seek protection against foreign competitors; and national decision makers raise barriers to trade while at the same time criticizing their counterparts in other governments for engaging in similar practices. Because trade is one of the more important topics in international and comparative political economy and because this scenario has played itself out more than a few times, it is not surprising that a number of theorists have sought to model the underlying processes thought to

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18

Kraido Socrates, Majune, and Mwania Davis Kimuli. "Pragmatic History of Economic Thought: Explaining Trade Practices and Policies in Kenya." Tanzanian Economic Review 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ter.v10i1.59.

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This study explains trade regimes and practices in Kenya from a history of economic thought (HET) perspective using secondary materials. We find that the trade landscape in Kenya is divided into three periods: pre-colonial (before 1895), colonial (1895-1962), and post-colonial (1963 to date). The first two eras did not have a clear trade policy. The pre-colonial era had a mixture of classical doctrines and mercantilism whereby long-distance and barter trade between communities were practiced. Nonetheless, certain communities restricted trade. Classical economic thought was practiced in the col

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19

Watt, Andrew, and Volker Hallwirth. "The policy mix and policy coordination in EMU - how can it contribute to higher growth and employment?" Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 9, no. 4 (November 2003): 610–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890300900407.

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This article makes a case for improved coordination between the three main areas of economic policy - monetary, fiscal and wage policy - in the context of EMU. Focusing in particular on the monetary-wage policy link, it argues that, in an uncertain world, a coordinated macro policy mix would produce superior results than the current policy assignment, raising the rate at which the European economy can grow without inflationary pressures. However, such a strategy must overcome a number of practical difficulties and political opposition. The Macroeconomic Dialogue could provide a forum for discu

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20

Manu, Thaddeus. "The Complexity of Using the Patent Standards Under TRIPS for the Promotion of Domestic Industrial Development in Developing Countries in the Absence of Local Working Requirements: Rethinking the Role." Journal of World Trade 51, Issue 3 (June 1, 2017): 517–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2017021.

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This article confronts the most basic question, which is whether in its traditional legislative intent the principle of patent working requirements would as an instrument of government policy in the mist of global value chains definitely guarantee industrial growth for developing countries and least developed countries LDCs. The author argues that globalization has promoted an increasing fragmentation of production, that is, in a dynamic economic efficiency and open trade environment, much of manufacturing today is trade in components from different sources, and seeking to produce all of them

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21

Chan, David C., and Michael J. Dickstein. "Industry Input in Policy Making: Evidence from Medicare*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 134, no. 3 (April 17, 2019): 1299–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz005.

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Abstract In setting prices for physician services, Medicare solicits input from a committee that evaluates proposals from industry. The committee itself comprises members from industry; we investigate whether this arrangement leads to regulatory capture with prices biased toward industry interests. We find that increasing a measure of affiliation between the committee and proposers by one standard deviation increases prices by 10%. We then evaluate whether employing a biased committee as an intermediary may nonetheless be desirable, if greater affiliation allows the committee to extract inform

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22

Ekanem, N. Frank. "US trade and investment in Africa: What are the prospects for the 21st century?" South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2002): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v5i1.3294.

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African countries considered in this study face many supply constraints and so lack the capacity to produce. Export promotion effort cannot be successful unless such constraints are removed. Transparency in governance, improvements in basic infrastructure and economic liberalization are some of the ways to remove such constraints. Direct private investment to accelerate economic expansion rather than exchange rate manipulations are needed before export promotion policy can be successful.

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23

Memon, Mohammad Salih, Abdul Sattar Shah, Mushtaque Ali Jariko, Mr Sarmad Rahat, and Faiz Muhammad Shaikh. "Mapping Issues of Textile Industry of Pakistan with Trade Policy Framework." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 10, no. 6 (August 30, 2015): 2241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v10i6.2116.

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The current research investigates Mapping Issues of Textile Industry of Pakistan with Trade Policy Framework.Â Data were collected from Primary as well as secondary sources It is a statistical research technique in decision making that is used for the selection of a limited number of tasks that produce significant overall effect. It separates the few major problems from the many possible problems. It is named after Vilfredo Pareto, a 19th-century Italian economist. It can summarize all types of data. It can be applied to almost anything.Â It was revealedÂ that fourÂ issues may be solved by the

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24

Simanjuntak, Damiana, and Doriani Lingga. "Strategic Trade Policy in the Presence of International Outsourcing in a Duopoly Model." KINERJA 21, no. 2 (September 16, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v21i2.1285.

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This paper analyzes how domestic government sets its optimal export policy in a duopoly model when its domestic firm can only outsource its input while the rival firm is able to both produce and outsource its input. First we analyze the strategic outsourcing behavior of the foreign firm. We find that the foreign firm’s decisions on whether to outsource input or to make it by itself depend on the trade policy taken by the domestic government. The foreign firm will strategically outsource the entire quantity of its input production to the supplier with an input price higher than its in-house cos

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25

Marshall, Liz. "Carving Out Policy Space for Sustainability in Biofuel Production." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 36, no. 2 (October 2007): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007024.

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Biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel are increasingly promoted as green alternatives to petroleum-derived transport fuels. Scaling up feedstock production to produce enough biofuel to displace a significant portion of current petroleum demand will put pressure on land and water resources both domestically and internationally, however, and could potentially be accompanied by unacceptable changes in landscape-level land use patterns and provisioning of ecosystem services. Ensuring that feedstock production is sustainable and that biofuels provide the social and environmental benefits that are

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26

Khatri, Mukti Bahadur. "Trade war between China and USA: Implications to Nepal." Economic Journal of Nepal 40, no. 1-4 (December 31, 2017): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v40i1-4.35948.

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The study examines the dynamic relationship along with disputes between the trade of China and the United States of America (U.S.A.). The study used a comparative analysis by investigating relative changes in the position of the foreign trade since 1960 A.D. On the basis of more than 50 years observations, there is a significant relationship between foreign trade of China and the U.S.A. Similarly, there are different causes of trade disputes between china and the U.S.A.. Its comparative advantage is that it can produce goods for lower costs than other countries. So, recent days, American compa

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27

Achar, Sandesh. "Early Consequences Regarding the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on International Trade." American Journal of Trade and Policy 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v6i3.634.

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The consequences of this new technology for international trade have recently garnered much attention, thanks to the growing interest in AI's effects on the economy and society. Given the current reevaluation of the advantages of globalization by the world's leading nations, the focus continues to be on the policies governing international commerce. Understanding and forecasting future trade patterns is a high priority for decision-making within and between countries. This is because trade significantly impacts employment, production, pricing, and wages. Even though conventional economic model

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28

Shin, Adrian J. "Primary Resources, Secondary Labor: Natural Resources and Immigration Policy." International Studies Quarterly 63, no. 4 (June 17, 2019): 805–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz033.

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AbstractThis article argues that substantial natural resource wealth leads to more restrictive low-skill immigration policy in advanced democracies. High-value natural resource production often crowds out labor-intensive firms that produce tradable goods. When these proimmigration business interests disappear due to deindustrialization, also known as the Dutch Disease, the proimmigration coalition weakens in domestic politics. Without strong business pressure for increased immigration, policy-makers close their doors to immigrants to accommodate anti-immigrant interests. Using a newly expanded

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29

Zhang, Wei. "An Empirical Study on the Impact of China's E-commerce Development on Export Trade." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 4 (December 12, 2022): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v4i.3525.

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At home and abroad, this paper will concentrate on the perspective of the development of electronic commerce and the export trade development, draw lessons from advanced literature at home and abroad, and analyzes its limitations, establishing electronic commerce the influence mechanism of our country foreign trade export, and to our country's current e-commerce and the development of our country foreign trade status and the existing problems are studied. Finally, according to China's current policy and e-commerce market environment, put forward the strategy and suggestions to further expand e

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30

Yang, Runan, Katsuhito Fuyuki, and Keeni Minakshi. "How Does Information Influence Consumers’ Purchase Decisions for Environmentally Friendly Farming Produce? Evidence from China and Japan Based on Choice Experiment." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 9470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159470.

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Анотація:

In this research, 600 Chinese and Japanese consumers were divided into four groups to analyze consumers’ marginal willingness to pay for environmentally friendly farming (EFF) produce. We found that Chinese consumers had high awareness of green foods, while Japanese consumers were more familiar with organic produce than specially cultivated produce, perhaps because the latter has not yet received uniform national certification in Japan. Choice experiments show that EFF produce prices and consumers’ income critically affect consumers’ decision to pay, especially in China. After each group read

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31

Ul Haque, Nadeem, and Rizwana Siddiqui. "Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based Analysis." NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51732/njssh.v3i1.15.

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The study calculates nominal and effective rates of protection and their association with major characteristics of industries—labour intensity, export orientation and revealed comparative advantage. The results indicate that nominal as well as effective rate of protection has declined between two benchmark years—1990 and 2002, but vegetable oil, motor vehicles, and a sector producing intermediate good ‘other manufacturing’ remains highly protected. Overall results reveal that manufacturing import competing sectors enjoy higher protection through trade policy—tariff while negative effective rat

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32

Dixon, Peter B. "The Australia—China Free Trade Agreement: Some Modelling Issues." Journal of Industrial Relations 49, no. 5 (November 2007): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185607082212.

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General equilibrium modelling has been used to analyse many policy proposals. This article aims to help non-modellers assess general equilibrium analyses, particularly of a potential Australia—China free trade agreement (FTA). General equilibrium modelling is effective in studies of unilateral tariff reductions. However, most general equilibrium modelling assumes given technologies and information. For issues where the essence is technology transfer and new information, general equilibrium models can only produce results after most of the analysis has been done outside the model. In an Austral

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33

Chaudhuri, Sarbajit. "Incidence of Child Labour, Free Education Policy, and Economic Liberalisation in a Developing Economy." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i1pp.1-25.

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The paper analyses the implications of a subsidy policy on education and of different liberalised trade and investment policies on the incidence of child labour in a developing economy in terms of a three-sector general equilibrium model with informal sector and child labour. The supply function of child labour is endogenously determined. The paper shows that different policies, if undertaken concurrently, may produce mutually contradictory effects, thereby producing little or no impact on the incidence of child labour. The paper provides a theoretical answer as to why the incidence of child l

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34

Anam, Syariful, and Akhmad Solikin. "Dampak Kebijakan Bea Masuk Tindakan Pengamanan terhadap Proteksi dan Daya Saing Produk Baja Lapis Aluminium Seng." Indonesian Treasury Review: Jurnal Perbendaharaan, Keuangan Negara dan Kebijakan Publik 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33105/itrev.v5i3.202.

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Safeguard measures is a trade remedies policies regulated by World Trade Organization (WTO) to recover loss (injury) suffered by domestic industries as a result of liberalization in international trade, as an instrument to protect and increase competitiveness of domestic industries which are still at infant industry stage. In Indonssia, the steel industry sector is designated as a national priority so that its growth must be maintained. Meanwhile, the import surge phenomenon of flat-rolled products from iron or non-alloy steel has threatened the existence of domestic steel industries which pro

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Jiuhardi, Jiuhardi, Dio Caisar Darma, and Ariesta Heksarini. "THE POLITICAL-ECONOMY MANAGEMENT: INDONESIA'S NEEDS FOR THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 16, no. 1 (June 20, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/21.16.19.

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The Covid-19 outbreak continues to spread rapidly to almost all countries in the world. The authors need to highlight how the policy perspectives are taken by Indonesia at the national scale and international relations to improve the economic and political situation during this pandemic. Referring to this phenomenon, this research provides an in-depth study of the literature review on strategic efforts and steps to address commodity demand in Indonesia. In short, from an economic and political point of view, the dual problems on the supply and demand side make the premise of comparative advant

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Tsai, Shoou-Rong, Pan-Long Tsai, and Yungho Weng. "Cournot-Bertrand competition: a revisit of strategic trade policy in the third-market model." Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 3 (August 8, 2016): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-02-2015-0028.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the optimal policy settings of the home government for any combination of strategic variables adopted by home and foreign firms under Brander and Spencer’s third-market model framework. Design/methodology/approach – This paper follows all the assumptions of Brander and Spencer with only two modifications: firms produce differentiated products, and firms choose different strategic variables. A two-stage game is set and the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium is deduced following backward induction. Findings – The authors arrive at a general, simple

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37

Yoshimatsu, Hidetaka. "High-Standard Rules and Political Leadership in Japan’s Mega-FTA Strategy." Asian Survey 60, no. 4 (July 2020): 733–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.4.733.

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This article examines Japan’s trade policy on significant geo-economic developments by focusing on its engagement in three large free trade agreements: the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, and the Japan–EU Economic Partnership Agreement. Under the Abe administration, Japan has produced successful outcomes in mega-FTA strategy, concluding the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Japan–EU Economic Partnership Agreement in 2018. The making and diffusion of high-standard rules were given high priority in Japan’s me

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Shrestha, Ram Krishna. "Fertilizer Policy Development in Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 11 (September 16, 2010): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v11i0.3660.

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Fertilizer is a vital input for agriculture production. With the growing popularity of modern agriculture, fertilizer consumption in Nepal has been increasing over the years. Since, Nepal does not produce any fertilizers, demand for fertilizers are being met through formal and informal imports. Over the years, fertilizer policy changes have been observed several times in a bid to satisfy farmers' demand for quality fertilizers. While fertilizer policy change of deregulating the fertilizer trade initially produced positive impact in overall supply situation, deregulation policy could not largel

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Villanueva, Luis. "Are manufacturing workers benefiting from trade? The case of Mexico’s manufacturing sector." International Journal of Development Issues 16, no. 1 (April 4, 2017): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-08-2016-0048.

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Purpose This paper aims to focus on the distributive implications of trade by studying how manufacturing workers’ relative earnings and employment have changed in post–North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Mexico (1995-2011). Design/methodology/approach Input–Output analysis and inequality analysis were combined to reveal the empirical relationship between trade, wage inequality and employment in the manufacturing sector in post-NAFTA Mexico. Findings The results reveal that the manufacturing sectors that produce for the export market tend to pay among the lowest wages and yet employ aro

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Grega, Libor. "Agricultural trade liberalization and positive externalities." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 3 (2005): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553030035.

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Changes in the perception of economic growth within the context of sustainable development lead to the broadly defined concept of further development of all industries, while agriculture plays qualitatively new role in this concept. Agriculture is not any more viewed only as an industry ensuring nutrition of population, but also its non-production benefit has growing importance. There is growing importance of the concept of multifunctionality of agriculture both in the Czech Republic and in the whole European Union, where agriculture historically played an important role in landscape formation

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Xu, Luyuan. "A Quantitative Relationship Analysis of Industry Shifts and Trade Restructuring in ASEAN Based on Multiregional Computable General Equilibrium Models." Complexity 2021 (February 4, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6642798.

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This paper provides an in-depth study and analysis of the quantitative relationship between ASEAN industry transfer and nuclear trade restructuring through the multiregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and categorizes the ten major projects and 57 subprojects covered by the ASEAN Information Port project investment into construction, information technology, and telecommunications, according to the key directions of investment. We design and simulate the changes in production activities, trade activities, and the balance of payments behaviour of the national economy affected by t

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WILSON, GAIL. "Globalisation and older people: effects of markets and migration." Ageing and Society 22, no. 5 (September 2002): 647–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x02008747.

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This paper discusses the material aspects of globalisation and the effects of the movements of trade, capital and people around the world on older men and women. While some older people have benefited, most notably where pensions and health care are well developed, the majority of older men and women are among the poor who have not. Free trade, economic restructuring, the globalisation of finance, and the surge in migration, have in most parts of the world tended to produce harmful consequences for older people. These developments have been overseen, and sometimes dictated, by inter-government

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Manzoor, Syed Amir, Geoffrey Griffiths, David Christian Rose, and Martin Lukac. "The Return of Wooded Landscapes in Wales: An Exploration of Possible Post-Brexit Futures." Land 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010059.

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Changes in agricultural policy may have a rapid impact, even on landscapes which have taken millennia to form. Here we explore the potential impact of the UK leaving the EU as a catalyst for profound changes in the pastoral landscapes of Wales. Impending change of the trading regime governing agricultural produce, concurrent with public pressure to use agricultural subsidies for environmental goals, may lead to unforeseen consequences for the Welsh natural environment. We employ a combination of change demand modelling and a ‘story and simulation approach’ to project the effect of five hypothe

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Manzoor, Syed Amir, Geoffrey Griffiths, David Christian Rose, and Martin Lukac. "The Return of Wooded Landscapes in Wales: An Exploration of Possible Post-Brexit Futures." Land 10, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010059.

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Анотація:

Changes in agricultural policy may have a rapid impact, even on landscapes which have taken millennia to form. Here we explore the potential impact of the UK leaving the EU as a catalyst for profound changes in the pastoral landscapes of Wales. Impending change of the trading regime governing agricultural produce, concurrent with public pressure to use agricultural subsidies for environmental goals, may lead to unforeseen consequences for the Welsh natural environment. We employ a combination of change demand modelling and a ‘story and simulation approach’ to project the effect of five hypothe

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HOEKMAN, BERNARD, WILL MARTIN, and AADITYA MATTOO. "Conclude Doha: it matters!" World Trade Review 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2010): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745610000297.

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AbstractThe Doha Round must be concluded not because it will produce dramatic liberalization but because it will create greater security of market access. Its conclusion would strengthen, symbolically and substantively, the WTO's valuable role in restraining protectionism. What is on the table would constrain the scope for tariff protection in all goods, ban agricultural export subsidies in the industrial countries and sharply reduce the scope for distorting domestic support – by 70% in the EU and 60% in the US. Average farm tariffs that exporters face would fall to 12% (from 14.5%) and the ta

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Kibona, Cornel Anyisile, Zhang Yuejie, and Lu Tian. "Towards developing a beef meat export oriented policy in Tanzania: -Exploring the factors that influence beef meat exports-." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): e0270146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270146.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence beef meat exports in Tanzania, with a particular focus on the years 1985 to 2020, in enhancing the development of beef meat export-oriented policy in Tanzania, thereby enhancing beef exports in Tanzania. A time-series panel dataset was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression analyses models. As per the descriptive analyses, beef meat exports reached the highest pick of 4,300 tons per year in 1990, whereas from 1991 to date, beef meat exportation in Tanzania has been in

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Tosida, Eneng Tita, Fajar Delli Wihartiko, Irman Hermadi, Yani Nurhadryani, and Feriadi. "The Big Data Commodity Management Model for Rice for National Food Policy." Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) 4, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29207/resti.v4i1.1520.

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Rice is the main commodity in Indonesia, both for consumption and production. Rice production data are available at the Badan Pusat Statistika and at Kementrian Pertanian. The data is used to build a large data management model for Indonesia's rice trade. The model development strategy is done through analyzing agriculture big data analytic that is equipped with descriptive analysis, evaluation, predictive and prescriptive. The models and designs that are built discuss business processes, stakeholder networks and network management. Descriptive analysis results in the form of grouping and visu

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48

Zulauf, Carl, Olena Prutska, Eleonora Kirieieva, and Natalia Pryshliak. "Assessment of the potential for a biofuels industry in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.08.

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Ukraine is the only major agricultural country whose production of biofuels has declined since 2010. Nevertheless, it has set a target of 11.5 percent of primary energy supply from biomass, biofuels and waste by 2035. Agricultural land needed to produce biofuels feedstock is calculated for two scenarios based on its current 11.5 percent target and previous 5.0 percent target specified as a share of transport energy consumption. The export orientation of Ukraine’s crop sector and resulting foreign currency earnings pose trade-offs if crops are diverted from exports to biofuel feedstocks. Given

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Jones, Michael G. K., John Fosu-Nyarko, Sadia Iqbal, Muhammad Adeel, Rhodora Romero-Aldemita, Mahaletchumy Arujanan, Mieko Kasai, et al. "Enabling Trade in Gene-Edited Produce in Asia and Australasia: The Developing Regulatory Landscape and Future Perspectives." Plants 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 2538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11192538.

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Genome- or gene-editing (abbreviated here as ‘GEd’) presents great opportunities for crop improvement. This is especially so for the countries in the Asia-Pacific region, which is home to more than half of the world’s growing population. A brief description of the science of gene-editing is provided with examples of GEd products. For the benefits of GEd technologies to be realized, international policy and regulatory environments must be clarified, otherwise non-tariff trade barriers will result. The status of regulations that relate to GEd crop products in Asian countries and Australasia are

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von zur Muehlen, Peter von zur. "Prices and Taxes in a Ramsey Climate Policy Model under Heterogeneous Beliefs and Ambiguity." Economies 10, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10100257.

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In a Ramsey policy regime, heterogeneity in beliefs about the potential costs of climate change is shown to produce policy ambiguities that alter carbon prices and taxation. Three sources of ambiguity are considered: (i) the private sector is skeptical, with beliefs that are unknown to the government, (ii) private agents have pessimistic doubts about the model, or (iii) the policy authority itself does not trust the extant scientific climate model and fears the worst. These three sources of ambiguity give rise to four potential belief regimes characterized by differentials between the governme

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