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Статті в журналах з теми "Professional cyclists"
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Leo, Peter, James Spragg, Iñigo Mujika, Andrea Giorgi, Dan Lorang, Dieter Simon, and Justin S. Lawley. "Power Profiling, Workload Characteristics, and Race Performance of U23 and Professional Cyclists During the Multistage Race Tour of the Alps." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the power profile, internal and external workloads, and racing performance between U23 and professional cyclists and between varying rider types across 2 editions of a professional multistage race. Methods: Nine U23 cyclists from a Union Cycliste Internationale “Continental Team” (age 20.8 [0.9] y; body mass 71.2 [6.3] kg) and 8 professional cyclists (28.1 [3.2] y; 63.0 [4.6] kg) participated in this study. Rider types were defined as all-rounders, general classification (GC) riders, and domestiques. Data were collected during 2 editions of a 5-day professional multistage race and split into the following 4 categories: power profile, external and internal workloads, and race performance. Results: The professional group, including domestiques and GC riders, recorded higher relative power profile values after certain amounts of total work (1000–3000 kJ) than the U23 group or all-rounders (P ≤ .001–.049). No significant differences were found for external workload measures between U23 and professional cyclists, nor among rider types. Internal workloads were higher in U23 cyclists and all-rounders (P ≤ .001–.043) compared with professionals, domestiques, and GC riders, respectively. The power profile significantly predicted percentage general classification and Union Cycliste Internationale points (R2 = .90–.99), whereas external and internal workloads did not. Conclusion: These findings reveal that the power profile represents a practical tool to discriminate between professionals and U23 cyclists as well as rider types. The power profile after 1000 to 3000 kJ of total work could be used by practitioners to evaluate the readiness of U23 cyclists to move into the professional ranks, as well as differentiate between rider types.
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Gallo, Gabriele, Mireille Mostaert, Emanuela Faelli, Piero Ruggeri, Sundeep Delbarba, Roberto Codella, Pieter Vansteenkiste, and Luca Filipas. "Do Race Results in Youth Competitions Predict Future Success as a Road Cyclist? A Retrospective Study in the Italian Cycling Federation." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between youth road cycling success and becoming a professional cyclist. Specifically, the authors sought to analyze (1) the differences in the success scores in youth categories between future professional (PRO) and future nonprofessional (NON-PRO) cyclists, (2) whether relative age effect influences youth road cycling career pathways, and (3) whether youth competition success could predict a future career as a professional cyclist. Methods: The number of points gathered in the annual national ranking of 1345 Italian cyclists in the U17, U19, and U23 categories were retrospectively analyzed. Participants were divided into 2 groups: PRO (n = 43) and future NON-PRO (n = 1302), depending on whether they reached the professional level. Results: PRO outperformed NON-PRO in all the youth categories considered (ie, U17, U19, and U23). Older cyclists within the same annual age group were not overrepresented in PRO and do not have an advantage over younger cyclists within all the competition years. The number of points gathered in youth competitions provides an indication of probability of becoming professional cyclists from U17 onward with the predictive value increasing with age category. Conclusions: Handling the transition to a new age group well (especially the U19–U23 transition), and therefore having success competing against older and more experienced cyclists, is an important factor for talent identification in youth cycling.
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Sanders, Dajo, Mathieu Heijboer, Ibrahim Akubat, Kenneth Meijer, and Matthijs K. Hesselink. "Predicting High-Power Performance in Professional Cyclists." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 3 (March 2017): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose:To assess if short-duration (5 to ~300 s) high-power performance can accurately be predicted using the anaerobic power reserve (APR) model in professional cyclists.Methods:Data from 4 professional cyclists from a World Tour cycling team were used. Using the maximal aerobic power, sprint peak power output, and an exponential constant describing the decrement in power over time, a power-duration relationship was established for each participant. To test the predictive accuracy of the model, several all-out field trials of different durations were performed by each cyclist. The power output achieved during the all-out trials was compared with the predicted power output by the APR model.Results:The power output predicted by the model showed very large to nearly perfect correlations to the actual power output obtained during the all-out trials for each cyclist (r = .88 ± .21, .92 ± .17, .95 ± .13, and .97 ± .09). Power output during the all-out trials remained within an average of 6.6% (53 W) of the predicted power output by the model.Conclusions:This preliminary pilot study presents 4 case studies on the applicability of the APR model in professional cyclists using a field-based approach. The decrement in all-out performance during high-intensity exercise seems to conform to a general relationship with a single exponential-decay model describing the decrement in power vs increasing duration. These results are in line with previous studies using the APR model to predict performance during brief all-out trials. Future research should evaluate the APR model with a larger sample size of elite cyclists.
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Kwiatkowski, M., U. Cwalina, P. Kosielski, K. Simonienko, P. Wierzbinski, N. Wygnał, and N. Waszkiewicz. "Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in professional cyclists." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): s267—s268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder affecting a significant part of general population. Clinically RLS is characterized by abnormal sensations of irresistible urge to move legs, becoming worse at night, and frequently causing insomnia. Consequences of RLS include daytime dysfunction, depressed mood, anxiety and decreased quality of life.ObjectivesDetermine prevalence of RLS in professional cyclists.AimsThe aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of RLS in professional cyclists. According to our knowledge this is the first research of RLS in professional cyclists.MethodsA total of 43 professional cyclists were asked to complete 4-item questionnaire based on IRLSSG Diagnostic Criteria for RLS. Data from questionnaire was compared to antropometric measurements, epidemiologic data, age of starting trainings and total years of professional performance.ResultsThe results indicated that prevalence of RLS in professional cyclists is 14% and is higher than expected in this age group. We found statistically significant relationship between RLS and age (P < 0,001) and years of experience as a professional cyclist (P < 0,001). Results revealed no significant differences between genders (Table 1).Table 1 ConclusionsRLS seems to be a common problem in professional cyclists. It can affect sport performance. Future efforts to estimate the influence of RLS on professional sport performance should be considered.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Muros, José Joaquín, Cristóbal Sánchez-Muñoz, Daniel Campos, Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira, José Ángel Rufián-Henares, Manuel Mateo-March, and Mikel Zabala. "Nutritional Habits of Professional Cyclists during Pre-Season." Nutrients 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 3695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183695.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first aim of the present study was to assess the dietary intake of professional cyclists during pre-season. The second aim was to assess the dietary habits of this population during a complete season. Fifteen elite male (age: 23.2 ± 5.4 years) and twenty-three elite female (age: 20.1 ± 7.0 years) cyclists volunteered to participate in the study. Dietary nutrient intake during pre-season was assessed using a 72 h dietary recall interview, and a 136-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary habits during the year. Protein intake exceeded the PRI’s recommendation of 0.83 g/kg/day for all cycling groups. Fat exceeded RI recommendations in females in both road (43.3%) and CXO (39.8%) cycling groups, whilst males were found to follow recommendations for fat intake. CHO intake was below recommendations in all groups. Intake of all vitamins exceeded recommendations, with the exception of B9 in female road cyclists (77.8% RDA) and vitamin D in all groups. With regards to mineral intake, consumption exceeded RDA/AI recommendations in all groups except for iodine in male XCO cyclists (61.6%), female road cyclists (61.6%), and female XCO cyclists (58%) and potassium in female road cyclists (74.6%). Males consumed greater amounts of eggs and non-processed foods than females. Road cyclists consumed greater amounts of fish and seafood and had a lower intake of coffee and tea than XCO cyclists. Better knowledge of food guidelines in terms of serving and food variety is important for professional cyclists at may impact health and performance.
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Campion, F., A. M. Nevill, M. K. Karlsson, J. Lounana, M. Shabani, P. Fardellone, and J. Medelli. "Bone Status in Professional Cyclists." International Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 07 (April 29, 2010): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1243616.
Повний текст джерела
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Shephard, R. J. "Bone Status in Professional Cyclists." Yearbook of Sports Medicine 2011 (January 2011): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0162-0908(10)79766-x.
Повний текст джерела
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Córdova, Alfredo, Antoni Sureda, María L. Albina, Victoria Linares, Montse Bellés, and Domènec J. Sánchez. "Oxidative Stress Markers After a Race in Professional Cyclists." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 25, no. 2 (April 2015): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim was to determine the levels and activities of the oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes, plasma, and urine after a flat cyclist stage. Eight voluntary male professional trained-cyclists participated in the study. Exercise significantly increased erythrocyte, leukocyte, platelet, and reticulocyte counts. The exercise induced significant increases in the erythrocyte activities of catalase (19.8%) and glutathione reductase (19.2%), while glutathione peroxidase activity decreased significantly (29.3%). Erythrocyte GSSG concentration was significantly increased after exercise (21.4%), whereas GSH was significantly diminished (20.4%). Erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels evidenced a significant decrease 3 h after finishing the stage (44.3%). Plasma malondialdehyde, GSH and GSSG levels significantly decreased after 3 hr recovery (26.8%, 48.6%, and 31.1%, respectively). The exercise significantly increased the F2-isoprostane concentration in urine from 359 ± 71 pg/mg creatinine to 686 ± 139 pg/mg creatinine. In conclusion, a flat cycling stage induced changes in oxidative stress markers in erythrocytes, plasma, and urine of professional cyclists. Urine F2-isoprostane is a more useful biomarker for assessing the effects of acute exercise than the traditional malondialdehyde measurement.
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Zugail, Ahmed S., Hossam I. Shaabi, Slimane Idir, and Jean-Pierre Becquemin. "Cyclist Endofibrosis (Exercise-Induced Arterial Endofibrosis) Treated by Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty." Case Reports in Vascular Medicine 2020 (July 8, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4290271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis is an uncommon entity that is most frequently identified in high-performance athletes, especially cyclists. We present this disease in a male professional cyclist of 22 years of age. The course of his condition, clinical manifestations, modalities of investigation, and a nonprecedent treatment plan are demonstrated.
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Bagherian, S., and N. Rahnama. "Epidemiology of injury in professional cyclists." British Journal of Sports Medicine 44, Suppl_1 (September 1, 2010): i4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.078725.11.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Professional cyclists"
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Metcalfe, Alan J. "The performance analysis of power output in professional male road cyclists." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1970.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Athletes regularly monitor exercise workload in an attempt to improve and maintain exercise performance. Within road cycling, workload is commonly measured using power output. Yet, it is plausible that power output during road cycling is influenced by several factors such as topography, road gradient or rider specialities. If these factors do influence power output they may influence quantification of workload demands. As such, the purpose of this thesis was to improve our understanding of external workload in professional road cycling and describe the factors which influence power output during performance analysis. Specifically, this thesis examined the power output within single stage (1 day, Study One) and multi-stage races (4-21 days, Study Two, Three and Four). The within seasonal changes in power output of professional cyclists were also examined (Study Five).
Study One calculated the frequency distribution of maximal power output (POpeak) values during road cycling events over different topography categories and analysed the power output 600 s prior to POpeak using a new time series analysis called changepoint. Changepoint estimated the four largest statistical changes in power output to find distinct segments. Seven professional male road cyclists (mean ± SD: age 29.5 ± 2.8 y, mass 69.7 ± 5.5 kg, height 182 ± 5 cm) participated in Study One and were all members of a single professional cycling team. It was found that a greater frequency of POpeak values (54%) occurred during flat stages in the final 80 to 100% of race time compared with the previous 0 to 80% race time. Using changepoint, power output was lower (P <0.05) in segment four compared with POpeak in all topography categories (flat: 235 vs. 823 W, semi-mountainous: 157 vs. 886 W and mountainous: 171 vs. 656 W). These results demonstrate that POpeak values occur at differing time points depending on the topography category and that changepoint demonstrated its ability to analyse power output data. Study Two calculated the maximal mean power (MMP) of professional cyclists from grand tour events. The MMP was examined across various topographies and rider specialities. Study Two also examined the percentage of race time spent in different power output bands between topographies, road gradients and rider specialities. Thirteen male professional cyclists (mean ± SD: age 25 ± 3 y, mass 69 ± 7.5 kg, height 178 ± 0.5 cm) participated in Study Two. MMP for durations longer than 1200 s were greater in semi-mountainous and mountainous stages, when compared with flat stages (1200 s: 5.1 ± 0.2, 5.2 ± 0.3, 4.5 ± 0.3 W·kg-1 respectively; P <0.05). Sprinters and climbers spent greater percentage of race time at a power output greater than 7.5 W·kg-1, when compared with general classification riders and domestiques (11.3, 11.4, 7.1 and 5.3%, respectively; P <0.05). A greater proportion of race time was spent at a power output above 3.7 W·kg-1 when cycling at a road gradient greater than 5% (P <0.05), compared with road gradients 0 to 5% and less than 0%. In conclusion, caution should be taken when comparing MMP between different races of varying topography or rider specialities.
It was found in Study Two that MMP differs between flat and mountainous stages. Given that critical power (CP) can be estimated from MMP values during competition it is plausible that such differences will influence CP estimation. It is also plausible that difference in MMP between flat and mountainous stages is because cyclists are able to produce greater power output uphill rather than on flat gradients. As such, Study Three examined the use of MMP in the estimation of CP when calculated from stages of differing topographies. Also, Study Three compared estimated CP from a flat (mean gradient 0.4%) and uphill (mean gradient 6.2%) field-based test. Data from thirteen professional male road cyclists (age 29 ± 4 y, height 171 ± 0.9 cm, mass 67 ± 8.2 kg) were analysed. No differences (P >0.05) were observed in estimated CP between topography categories. However, a large effects size (d = 0.8) was observed in CP between flat stages and both semi-mountainous and mountainous stages. Estimated CP was 11.6% lower in flat field-based test, compared with the uphill field-based test (5.0 vs. 5.6 W·kg-1). Study Three demonstrates a large difference between estimated CP from alternative topography categories and from two different gradient specific field-based tests. With an 11.6% difference in CP observed in Study Three between 0 and 6.2% road gradients, Study Four investigated the magnitude of change in 1 and 5 min MMP from grand tour mountain stages. Road gradients of -5% to +5% were compared chronologically from lowest to highest. Seven professional male road cyclists (age 30 ± 4 y, height 169 ± 8 cm, body mass 69 ± 9 kg) from two professional cycling teams were analysed. In total 50 mountainous stages were analysed in Study Four from grand tours between 2011 and 2016. Power output from road gradient -1% was lower (P <0.001) in both 1 and 5 MMP compared with 0% (2.4 to 3.3 and 2.2 to 3.1 W·kg-1, respectively). Power output from road gradient 1% was lower in both 1 and 5 MMP compared with 2% (3.6 to 4.2 and 3.4 to 4.1 W·kg-1; (P <0.05)). These results highlight the need to consider road gradient when using power output for cycling performance analysis.
Study Five described the within-season external workloads of professional male road cyclists for optimal training prescription. Four professional male cyclists (mean ± SD: age 24 ± 2 y, body mass 77.6 ± 1.5 kg, height 184 ± 4.3 cm) from the same professional cycling team were monitored for 12 months. Within three seasonal phases (phase one: Oct-Jan, phase two: Feb-May and, phase three: June-Sept), the volume and exercise intensity during training and racing was measured. Total distance (3859 ± 959 vs 10911 ± 620 km) and time (240.5 ± 37.5 vs 337.5 ± 26 h) was lower (P <0.01) in phase one compared with phase two, respectively. Total distance decreased (P <0.01) from phase two compared with phase three (10911 ± 620 vs 8411 ± 1399 km, respectively). Mean absolute (236 ± 12.1 vs. 197 ± 3 W) and relative (3.1 ± 0 vs. 2.5 ± 0 W·kg-1) power output was higher (P <0.05) during racing compared with training, respectively. These results highlight the importance in acknowledging the difference in volume and intensity changes during a season.
In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that cycling power output is affected by multiple factors including topography, road gradient and a rider’s speciality. Caution should be taken when interpreting cycling performance analysis using power output measures such as MMP and CP.
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Stark, Suzanne. "Participation in professional cycling : the experiences of young cyclists from disadvantaged communities." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2985.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-100).
As an occupational therapist enjoying recreational cycling, I became aware of the potential positive value of participation in cycling. Cycling, however, is considered an elite sport, with participation reserved for those who can afford it. The Cycling Club is a Subsection 21 company (Not for Profit Organisation) attempting to bridge this problem through the promotion of cycling in South Africa’s poorest communities. They provide opportunities for young people from disadvantaged communities to participate in cycling. Their aim is twofold: to help youth develop their skills as cyclists; and to enable them to develop their potential as human resources through their participation in the programme. Taking an occupational perspective, it has been proposed that occupational engagement in meaningful occupations can contribute to the development of people as individuals and members of society. Yet, one should be cautious not to assume that participation in cycling will necessarily result in change for cyclists and that all contributions are necessarily experienced as positive. Every cyclist is a unique individual coming from a particular context which, through participation in cycling, results in certain experiences. Consequently, this study intended to uncover the experiences of young cyclists from disadvantaged communities participating in professional cycling.
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Menaspa, Paolo. "Analysis of road sprint cycling performance." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1575.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sprint cycling ability is a key determinant of road cycling performance, with many races designed specifically for sprinters. The ability to excel in the final sprint is relevant for both individual riders and teams. Despite the importance of sprints within professional road cycling, the characteristics of professional road sprints and sprinters have yet to be extensively described. Thus, the overall objective of the five research studies contained within this doctoral thesis was to describe road cycling sprint performance and improve the general understanding of the physical, technical and tactical factors associated with such performances.
The first two descriptive field studies document the physical and physiological demand of sprint races during actual road cycling competitions. Specifically, Study 1 was designed to quantify the demands of sprinting in the male professional category. Seventeen competitions from six male professional cyclists (mean ± SD: age, 27.0 ± 3.8 y; height, 1.76 ± 0.03 m; weight, 71.7 ± 1.1 kg) who placed Top 5 in professional road races were analysed. Calibrated SRM power meters were used to monitor power output, cadence and heart rate. Data were averaged over the entire race, different durations prior to the sprint (60, 10, 5 and 1 min) and during the actual sprint. Variations in power during the final 10 min of the race were quantified using Exposure Variation Analysis. Power, cadence and heart rate were different between various phases of the race, increasing from 316 ± 43 W, 95 ± 4 rpm and 88 ± 3 % of maximal heart rate in the last 10 min to 487 ± 58 W, 102 ± 6 rpm and 96 ± 2 % of maximal heart rate in the last minute prior to the sprint. The peak power during the sprint was 17.4 ± 1.7 W∙kg-1. Exposure Variation Analysis revealed a significantly greater number of short duration and high intensity efforts in the final five minutes of the race, compared with the penultimate five minutes (p=0.01). These findings quantified the power output requirements associated with high level sprinting in men’s professional road cycling and highlighted the need for both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. In Study 2, the characteristics of successful road sprints in professional and under 23 y male cycling races were compared. As in Study 1, Study 2 also described the exercise intensity for the sprinters throughout final 10 min of the race. Nine successful (Top 3) sprints performed by a professional (PRO: 23 y, 1.76 m, 71.8 kg) and an under 23 (U23: 18 y, 1.67 m, 63.2 kg) cyclist sprinter were analysed in this study. No statisticaldifferences were found between PRO and U23 in the absolute peak power, mean power, duration and total work during the sprint (PRO: 1370 ± 51 W, 1120 ± 33 W, 14.5 ± 2.4 s, 16.2 ± 2.6 KJ; U23: 1318 ± 60 W, 1112 ± 68 W, 12.8 ± 1.1 s, 14.2 ± 1.4 KJ). However, the intensity of the race recorded in the last 10 min prior to the sprint was significantly higher in PRO compared with U23 (4.6 ± 0.3 and 3.7 ± 0.2 W·kg-1, respectively). Race duration, total elevation gain (TEG) and mean power were similar between PRO and U23. In conclusion, the physiological demands leading into road sprints (intensity of the last 10 min) were found to be higher in PRO compared to U23 races. Nevertheless, a similar sprint power output (> 2500 W·Ap-1 or > 15.5 W·kg-1 for approximately 14 s, with a peak power output > 3100 W·Ap-1 or > 19 W·kg-1; where Ap is Projected Frontal Area) indicates that sprint characteristics may be similar in PRO and U23.
As a result of the findings observed in the first two studies of this thesis, Study 3 was designed to better understand the effects of variable and non-variable exercises that replicate the intensity of the final portion of road competitions on maximal sprint performance. In this laboratory trial, ten internationally competitive male cyclists (age, 20.1 ± 1.3 y; height, 1.81 ± 0.07 m weight, 69.5 ± 4.9 kg; and VO2max, 72.5 ± 4.4 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed a 12-s maximal sprint in a rested state and again following: i) 10 min of non-variable cycling, and ii) 10 min of variable cycling. Variable and non-variable trials were conducted in a randomized, crossover fashion. The intensity during the 10 min efforts gradually increased to replicate the pacing observed in final sections of cycling road races. During the variable cycling subjects performed short (2 s) accelerations at 80% of their peak sprint power, every 30 s. Mean power output, cadence and heart rate during the 10 min efforts were similar between conditions (5.3 ± 0.2 W∙kg-1, 102 ± 1 rpm, and 93 ± 3 %, respectively). Post exercise blood lactate concentration and perceived exertion immediately after exercise were also similar (8.3 ± 1.6 mmol∙L-1, 15.4 ± 1.3 (6-20 scale), respectively). Peak and mean power output and cadence during the subsequent maximal sprint were not significantly different between the three experimental conditions (p≥0.14). These results indicate that neither the variable nor the non-variable 10 min efforts performed within this study impaired the sprint performance in elite competitive cyclists.
Due to the importance of the elevation gain variable in road cycling, the fourth study of this thesis was methodological and investigated the consistency of commercially available devices used to measure the TEG during races and training. This chapter was separated in two observational validation studies. Garmin (Forerunner 310XT, Edge 500 Edge 750 and Edge 800; with and without elevation correction) and SRM (Power Control 7) devices were used to measure TEG over a 15.7 km mountain climb performed on 6 separate occasions (6 devices; Study 4a) and during a 138 km cycling event (164 devices; Study 4b). TEG was significantly different between Garmin and SRM devices (p
The final study of this thesis was an analysis of technical and tactical factors that influence sprint performance in professional competitions; particular focus was put on the TEG which was a factor identified as a potential cause of fatigue. More specifically, the subject of Study 5 was the highest international ranked professional male road sprint cyclist during the 2008-2011 seasons. Grand Tour sprint stages were classified as WON, LOST, or DROPPED from the front bunch prior to the sprint. Video of 31 stages were analysed for mean speed of the last km, sprint duration, position in the bunch and number of teammates at 60, 30, and 15 s remaining. Race distance, TEG and mean speed of 45 stages were determined. Head-to-head performances against the 2nd to 5th most successful professional sprint cyclists were also reviewed. Within the 52 Grand Tour sprint stages the subject started, he WON 30 (58%), LOST 15 (29%), was DROPPED in 6 (12%) and had one crash. Position in the bunch was closer to the front and the number of team members was significantly higher in WON compared to LOST at 60, 30 and 15 s remaining (p
In conclusion, the general findings of this thesis were as follows: as expected, exercise intensity significantly increases in the last 10 min of relatively flat road races; there is a significantly greater number of short duration and high intensity efforts in the final 5 min of competitive road cycling races when compared with the penultimate 5 min; sprint duration and peak power output does not differ between PRO and U23 races and is approximately 13 s and 17 W∙kg-1, respectively; the physiological demands in the 10 min before the sprint are higher in PRO compared to U23 races; neither a variable nor a non-variable 10 min lead up effort appears to impair the sprint performance of elite competitive cyclists; measurements of elevation gain are consistent within devices of the same brand, but differed between brands or when different settings were used; and technical and tactical aspects of road sprinting are related to performance outcomes.
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Ryder, Suzanne Elize. "A Hobby or a Job?: A Multi-sited Examination of Gender and Labour Relations in Professional Women’s Road Cycling." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42975/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Women’s road cycling is one of the oldest professional sports for women, yet current professional cyclists experience precarious labour conditions that relate to sexism, and lack of respect, recognition, and inclusion. Issues and challenges for women cyclists are often overshadowed by the sport’s much-celebrated progress of professionalism, for example, their inclusion in elite men’s races and a mandated minimum wage. My research questions are about how professional women cyclists and their labour are shaped and constrained by gender relations. This feminist ethnography includes two and a half years of fieldwork. The collected data consists of fieldnotes of participation in the local Melbourne, Australia road racing scene, and seven months of observations at the highest level of competition in elite road cycling in Europe – the Women’s World Tour. The voices of 15 elite and professional cyclists are included via the presentation of interview data. This data forms the backbone of this explicitly feminist study on professional women cyclists’ lived experiences. The methods and analysis were shaped by critical feminist theory and Raewyn Connell’s (1987, 2021) social constructionist gender framework. My findings show how the power of gender relations in the different sites of women’s cycling socialises women into a dominant masculine structure and culture that leads to the internalisation of socio-cultural norms that reinforce the current gender order. Women’s participation – even their progress in professional cycling – does not challenge the superior position of men in the field of cycling. This thesis explores the gender regimes of local and professional road cycling, women cyclists’ construction of labour, their suffering in the sport, and progress narratives that dominate the field. While resistance agency of women is also identified, gender and labour relations continue to be dominated by masculinity which constrains the impact of such practices. This research offers in-depth analysis of complex gender and labour relations that underlie the socio-cultural conditions that professional women cyclists are constantly exposed to.
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Kunc, Vít. "Motivace k výkonu v cyklistice." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339833.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Title: Achievement motivation in cycling Aims: Main aim of this thesis was find out what motivates cyclists in achieving. I have used questionnaire LMI (Achievement motivation questionnaire) for cyclist on different level. Next step was comparing the results between all cyclists groups and describing main differences in motivation. Methods: For gaining all the data I used a questionnaire method. Questionnaires were spread in written form as well as in electronic form. I cooperated with the directors of amateur competitons in the Czech Republic, Czech Cycling Federation and other cyclistic unions. Respondent's answers were elaborated descriptively and analyticly by standardized statistics methods in software SPSS 17. Results: In the research were compared three cycling groups: Amateurs, Professionals and Hobby cyclists. In four of ten dimensions was confirmed different results in motivational structure. Results interpretation has shown that profesionals tend to trust in their success and dispose by biggest competition and ambition. The only dimension where amateur cyclists achieved significantly higher values opposite to professionals was in internality. Interesting results brought correlation analysis, which showed what most affects these four dimensions. Interesting was the only statistical...
Книги з теми "Professional cyclists"
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Roche, Nicolas. Inside the peloton: My life as a professional cyclist. Dublin: Transworld Ireland, 2011.
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J, McMillan Camille, ed. Le métier: The seasons of a professional cyclist. 3rd ed. London: Rouleur Books, 2012.
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The crooked path to victory: Drugs and cheating in professional bicycle racing. San Francisco: Cycle Pub., 2003.
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4
Benedetti, Marco. L'anno del Re Leone: Storia del Mondiale di Zolder e dei suoi uomini. Portogruaro, Venezia: Ediciclo, 2003.
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Tarello, Giovanni. Mondiali, 1927-1995: Storia dei Campionati del mondo su strada professionisti. Santhià (VC): Santhiatese, 1996.
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Flueckiger, Christian. Dopage, santé des sportifs professionnels et protection des données médicales. [Bruxelles]: Bruylant, 2008.
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7
Rupert, Guinness, ed. Tales from the toolbox: Inside a professional cycling team. Boulder, Colo: VeloPress, 1997.
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8
1955-, Walsh David, and Monégier Pierre, eds. Le sale tour. Paris: Éd. du Seuil, 2009.
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9
The Belgian Hammer Forging Young Americans Into Professional Cyclists. Breakaway Books, 2011.
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10
Correa, Joseph. Creating the Ultimate Cyclist : Learn the Secrets and Tricks Used by the Best Professional Cyclists and Coaches to Improve Your Conditioning, Nutrition, and Mental Toughness:. Lulu Press, Inc., 2015.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Professional cyclists"
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Carré, François. "Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in a Professional Cyclist." In Sports Cardiology Casebook, 157–62. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-042-5_22.
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Heidbüchel, Hein, and Axel J. P. Urhausen. "A 27-Year-Old Professional Cyclist with Palpitations on Effort." In Sports Cardiology Casebook, 1–8. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-042-5_1.
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Iriberri, Jon, Xabier Muriel, and Iosu Larrazabal. "The Bike Fit of the Road Professional Cyclist Related to Anthropometric Measurements and the Torque of de Crank (P242)." In The Engineering of Sport 7, 483–88. Paris: Springer Paris, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-09413-2_59.
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Śmiechowicz, Anna. "Bodaj to cykliści! – (nie)zwyczajni jeźdźcy wyścigowi z przełomu XIX i XX wieku." In Życie prywatne Polaków w XIX wieku. „O mężczyźnie (nie)zwyczajnie”. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Instytut Historii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych UWM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8142-731-9.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A breakthrough date in the history of cycling on Polish lands under partition it was founded in 1886 The Cycling Society in Warsaw. Cycling at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was a popular form of entertainment among men. Belonging to a sports organization was an expression of good taste and a way to develop physical fitness. The different degree of involvement of a man in a new form of entertainment is the reason for perceiving supporters of this sport in terms of amateurs and professionals, but also the authors of the first studies in the field of cycling or representatives of thriving companies. Due to the fact that there were many outstanding and talented people in the circle of cyclists, they were remarked as a group dynamically operating in various fields: sport, cultural, social and also charitable, which gave them the title of „elastic”.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Professional cyclists"
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Mohammad, Shabani, Mazani Ali Asghar, Balaghi Zivar, Toktam Niyazi, Talebi Maryam, and Shirazi Nassim. "Comparison of Bone Mineral Density between Professional Cyclists of Union Europe International and Non-athletes." In 2014 International Conference on Global Economy, Commerce and Service Science (GECSS-14). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/gecss-14.2014.59.
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Mourão Mota, Anderson. "Plano de requalificação do Quadrante Santa Rosa: proposta de Requalificação Urbana em Área Central na Cidade de Teresina." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5951.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente trabalho promove uma intervenção na área central de Teresina, no Quadrante Santa Rosa,
propondo a realização de um Plano de Requalificação viabilizado em iniciativas público-privadas, voltado
para a mobilidade, acessibilidade, uso misto do solo, revitalização da memória edificada da cidade,
fortalecimento social e uso sustentável dos recursos naturais. As estratégias de projeto vão além das
ações de organização espacial, entrando em iniciativas de sustentabilidade urbana com temas de
infraestrutura verde e ocupação compacta do solo, agindo na organização do comércio existente e preparo
do sistema viário para priorizar o deslocamento dos pedestres, ciclistas e transportes coletivos. Aliado a
essa transformação física na infraestrutura e uso do solo, a atenção ao patrimônio histórico será focada na
preservação das edificações históricas, que ainda mantenham a memória construtiva local, e priorização
da revitalização de uso das descaracterizadas, além de priorizar programas de assistência e capacitação
profissional para os moradores locais. This paper promotes an intervention in the central area of Teresina, in Quadrante Santa Rosa, proposing the implementation of a Rehabilitation Plan made possible in public-private initiatives, focused on mobility,
accessibility, mixed use, revitalization of memory built city , strengthening social and sustainable use of natural resources. The design strategies go beyond the actions of spatial organization, insiding in sustainable initiatives with themes of urban green infrastructure and soil compact occupation, acting in the organization of the existing trade and preparation of the road system to prioritize the movement of
pedestrians, cyclists and public transport. Allied to this transformation in physical infrastructure and land use, the attention will be focused on heritage preservation of historic buildings that still maintain
local constructive memory, and prioritizing the revitalization of the others, beyond prioritizing assistance programs and professional training for the local residents.
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Sun, Yu, Peng Sun, Chen-Xuan Yang, and Tong Zhu. "Driver’s Neglect to the Cyclist at the Intersection." In 17th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480915.513.
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Chen, Wenqiang, Hui Xiong, Keqiang Li, Xiaofei Li, and Dezhao Zhang. "On-Board Pedestrian and Cyclist Recognition Using Deep Learning Methods." In 18th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481523.016.
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Chen, Jun, Zhiquan Xie, and Changli Qian. "Traffic Conflict Models on Shared-Use Paths Used by Pedestrians, Cyclists, and Electric Bicycle Riders." In Tenth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41127(382)208.
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Qi, Weiwei, Bin Shen, and Yang Yu. "Assessment Model on Cyclists’ Road Behaviors in University of China: A Case of Simplified Cycling Behavior Questionnaire." In 19th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482292.029.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Professional cyclists"
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Creating Safer Communities for the Use of Active Transportation Modes in California: The Development of Effective Communication Message Strategy for Vulnerable Road Users. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite increased efforts to improve safety in recent years (e.g., the Focus Cities Program in California), California continues to have a high rate of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities. Currently, the state currently lacks a cohesive messaging strategy to improve behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclist traffic safety practices. To fulfill this need, this research showcases the differential effect of message framing on attitudes and intended behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclists traffic safety practices. This project investigated factors & risky behaviors contributing to accidents involving vulnerable road users, preventive measures to decrease accidents involving vulnerable road users, and more. The qualitative analysis presented a significant lack of coherent, long-term, evidence-based communication strategies that aimed at enhancing the safety of vulnerable road users in California. Quantitatively, this research also experimentally investigated various messages, employing different time horizons and regulatory focus message framings. Findings indicate that the messages with a limited time horizon tend to be associated with better safety perceptions and attitudes than messages with an expansive time horizon. California transportation authorities, professionals, and advocacy groups will be able to use this information to effectively allocate the communication effort and spending to induce attitudinal and behavioral change that can impact the safety of active transportation modes.
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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Creating Safer Communities for the Use of Active Transportation Modes in California: The Development of Effective Communication Message Strategy for Vulnerable Road Users. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite increased efforts to improve safety in recent years (e.g., the Focus Cities Program in California), California continues to have a high rate of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities. Currently, the state currently lacks a cohesive messaging strategy to improve behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclist traffic safety practices. To fulfill this need, this research showcases the differential effect of message framing on attitudes and intended behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclists traffic safety practices. This project investigated factors & risky behaviors contributing to accidents involving vulnerable road users, preventive measures to decrease accidents involving vulnerable road users, and more. The qualitative analysis presented a significant lack of coherent, long-term, evidence-based communication strategies that aimed at enhancing the safety of vulnerable road users in California. Quantitatively, this research also experimentally investigated various messages, employing different time horizons and regulatory focus message framings. Findings indicate that the messages with a limited time horizon tend to be associated with better safety perceptions and attitudes than messages with an expansive time horizon. California transportation authorities, professionals, and advocacy groups will be able to use this information to effectively allocate the communication effort and spending to induce attitudinal and behavioral change that can impact the safety of active transportation modes.