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Готові списки джерел за темами / Project uncertainty index

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Project uncertainty index"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Project uncertainty index"

1

Chenarani, A., and E. A. Druzhinin. "A Quantitative Measure For Evaluating Project Uncertainty Under Variation And Risk Effects." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 5 (2017): 2083–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1037254.

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Анотація:

The effects of uncertainty on a project and the risk event as the consequence of uncertainty are analyzed. The uncertainty index is proposed as a quantitative measure for evaluating the uncertainty of a project. This is done by employing entropy as the indicator of system disorder and lack of information. By employing this index, the uncertainty of each activity and its increase due to risk effects as well as project uncertainty changes as a function of time can be assessed. The results are implemented and analyzed for a small turbojet engine development project as the case study. The results

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2

Chenarani, A., and E. A. Druzhinin. "A Quantitative Measure For Evaluating Project Uncertainty Under Variation And Risk Effects." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 5 (2017): 2083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1530.

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Анотація:

The effects of uncertainty on a project and the risk event as the consequence of uncertainty are analyzed. The uncertainty index is proposed as a quantitative measure for evaluating the uncertainty of a project. This is done by employing entropy as the indicator of system disorder and lack of information. By employing this index, the uncertainty of each activity and its increase due to risk effects as well as project uncertainty changes as a function of time can be assessed. The results are implemented and analyzed for a small turbojet engine development project as the case study. The results

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3

Olson, Daniel, and Sean Yaw. "Planning Amidst Uncertainty: Identifying Core CCS Infrastructure Robust to Storage Uncertainty." Energies 18, no. 4 (2025): 926. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040926.

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Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a critical technology for reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but its large-scale deployment is complicated by uncertainties in geological storage performance. These uncertainties pose significant financial and operational risks, as underperforming storage sites can lead to costly infrastructure modifications, inefficient pipeline routing, and economic shortfalls. To address this challenge, we propose a novel optimization workflow that is based on mixed-integer linear programming and explicitly integrates probabilistic modeling of storage uncertainty into

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4

Ge, Jiaojiao, Anxia Wan, Benhong Peng, and Guo Wei. "Risk evaluation of energy investment projects along the Belt and Road based on cloud model and evidence theory." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 14, no. 5 (2022): 055903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093425.

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China's major energy projects along the Belt and Road are characterized by large-scale capital investment, long construction cycles, and complex investment environments, making it more difficult to assess project investment risks. Based on the PESTEL theory, a risk evaluation index system is constructed for energy enterprises' investment projects along the Belt and Road. In view of the uncertainty of energy investment projects, a risk evaluation method combining a cloud model and an evidence theory is proposed. To examine the developed index system and risk evaluation method, an overseas hydro

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5

Ali, Zaigham, Fangwei Zhu, and Shahid Hussain. "Identification and Assessment of Uncertainty Factors that Influence the Transaction Cost in Public Sector Construction Projects in Pakistan." Buildings 8, no. 11 (2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8110157.

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Анотація:

Like other kinds of projects, construction projects are exposed to uncertainty, which plays a critical role in determining the transaction cost (TC). This study explores the uncertainty factors that are associated with construction projects that substantially influence the TC. To obtain the opinions of construction professionals, a survey questionnaire was developed after identifying 30 relevant causes of uncertainty from the literature. A survey of 216 professionals was conducted in Pakistan, and the relative importance index (RII) was used to prioritize the significant uncertainty factors th

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6

Danko, E. V. "A Sensitivity Analysis of a Certain Mathematical Model of Expert Evaluation of Investment Projects." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 4(120) (September 10, 2021): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2021)4-14.

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The paper presents a sensitivity analysis of the developed mathematical model of expert evaluation of investment projects. Processes of investment projects implementations are analyzed as decision-making processes under uncertainty. The mathematical model under study evaluates the effectiveness of an investment project using the NPV index. This index is considered a random variable and can be estimated by an investor as a segment [NPV1; NPV2J. The proposed mathematical model utilizes the probability density function of NPV in the form of Pearson curves of the first type. Another peculiar featu

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7

Xie, Yuan Fang, Xing Jun Cheng, and Xin Zhang. "The Project Bid Evaluation Based on Triangular Fuzzy Number and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2188.

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Анотація:

According to the fuzzification and uncertainty which exist in the evaluation of project,triangular fuzzy number analysis model was put forward.The model make good use of its characteristics on dealing with the uncertainty in evaluation,quantitative the quanlitative index,and give an example of a project to introduce its use.

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8

Liang, R., Z. Z. Xue, X. Wei, and R. Li. "Research on risk evaluation of logistics park construction project by FMEA based on hesitation environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 7 (2022): 072015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/7/072015.

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Abstract Logistics Park, as a large-scale construction project, has many risk factors that may affect the normal operation of the project in its construction. If the influence of risk factors is ignored, it will bring irreparable losses. Therefore, according to the characteristics of logistics park construction project (LPCP), it is of great practical significance to propose a new risk management model for the risk research of LPCP. Considering the whole project, this paper puts forward a new risk analysis model for construction projects, establishes a risk evaluation index system according to

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9

Afzal, Farman, Shao Yunfei, Muhammad Sajid, and Fahim Afzal. "Integrated priority decision index for risk assessment in chaos: cost overruns in transport projects." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 4 (2019): 825–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-02-2019-0079.

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Purpose Cost overrun is inherent to project chaos, which is one of the key drivers of project failure. The purpose of this paper is to explore the critical elements of complexity-risk interdependency for cost-chaos in the construction management domain by utilizing a multi-criteria decision model. Design/methodology/approach A total of 12 complexity and 60 risk attributes are initially identified from the literature and using expert’s judgements. For the development of a structured hierarchy of key complexity and risk drivers, a real-time Delphi process is adopted for recording and evaluating

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10

Baharum, Zirawani, Yuvendra Rao Venkatesan, Syazwa Nabila Mohd Raidzuan, and Muhammad Imran Qureshi. "The development of simulation model on environmental uncertainty factors for interval project completion." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.29 (2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.13130.

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Анотація:

The construction industry has many underlying causes of uncertainty that has impact on late delivery of project completion's performance as well as in time management. The issue on uncertainty delays directly impact the project performance that leads into unnecessary time extension. The objective of the research is the way to create a valid model towards the environmental uncertainty factors. Therefore, this research is conducted to identify the impact of environmental issues which affect the period of project completion using the Witness software system. A literature review revealed the types

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Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Project uncertainty index"

1

Papapostolou, Aikaterini, Charikleia Karakosta, Filippos Dimitrios Mexis, and John Psarras. "Attracting Financing for Green Energy Projects: A City Readiness Index." In Decision Support Systems XIII. Decision Support Systems in An Uncertain World: The Contribution of Digital Twins. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32534-2_12.

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2

Pilar de la Cruz, M., Alberto Castro, Alfredo del Caño, Diego Gómez, Manuel Lara, and Juan J. Cartelle. "Comprehensive Methods for Dealing with Uncertainty in Assessing Sustainability Part 1." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6631-3.ch004.

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Integrated Value Method for Sustainability Evaluation (MIVES) is a deterministic method based on requirement trees, value functions, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. It allows integrating environmental, social, and economic sustainability indicators in a global index. The value functions make it possible to consider non-linearity in the assessment. MIVES takes into account the relative weight of the various model indicators. Deterministic models can cause significant problems in terms of adequately managing project sustainability. A method not only has to estimate the sustainability index a

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3

Pilar de la Cruz, M., Alberto Castro, Alfredo del Caño, Diego Gómez, Manuel Lara, and Guillermo Gradaille. "Comprehensive Methods for Dealing with Uncertainty in Assessing Sustainability Part 2." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6631-3.ch005.

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Анотація:

In the previous chapter, the MIVES and MIVES – Monte Carlo methods were presented. MIVES is based on requirement trees, value functions, and the analytic hierarchy process. It helps integrate environmental, social, and economic sustainability indicators in a global sustainability index. Deterministic models can cause significant problems in terms of adequately managing the sustainability objective of a project. A method not only has to estimate the potential sustainability index at the end of the project. It also has to evaluate the degree of uncertainty that may make it difficult to achieve t

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4

Matsudaira, Yo, Ryota Wada, Yoshihiro Konno, Go Hashimoto, and Ken Takagi. "Exploring Promising Concepts and Critical Technologies for Offshore Methane Hydrate Development System." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde190129.

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Natural gas production from offshore methane hydrates can increase the energy security conditions for many countries, such as Japan. Methane hydrate is an unconventional source of carbon hydrates and further research is required to achieve cost efficient production. However, the concept of development system, such as production facilities, has yet been decided. Production facility system comprise many equipment and technology, and it is not easy to decide or prioritize which technology to invest research resource in. The problem requires an architectural decision under technological uncertaint

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5

Billing, Maik, Christopher Marrs, Matthias Forkel, Eike Sebode, and Kirsten Thonicke. "Present and future fire risk changes in Central Europe." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_193.

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Fire risk is projected to increase under future climate change. Most projections focus on fire-prone regions, such as the Mediterranean-type ecosystems, whereas little attention has been paid to regions of low fire risk such as Central Europe. Here, future projections of fire risk which are tailor-made for its specific conditions are scarce. With our study we aim to fill this gap. We use meteorological station data and interpolated climate datasets to compute future fire risk for Central Europe (covering Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic) using the Fire Weather Index. In a next step, we anal

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Project uncertainty index"

1

Bachelder, E., M. Godfroy-Cooper, A. Kahana, M. Rottem-Hovev, and J. D. Miller. "Multimodal Cueing and Assessment of Pilot Engagement During Low Level Flight." In Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12747.

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Low-level flight missions can be complex, at times requiring any or all of the following: maneuvering and navigating over challenging terrain, scanning for hostile or friendly units, operation in degraded visibility, radio communications, and decision-making in uncertain and dynamics environments. These conditions, and time, will affect mental workload (MWL) and performance. While direct performance measurements are normally available, information on pilot workload must either be obtained through (intrusive) subjective measures directly from the pilot, or inferred using indirect measurements.

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2

Hendricks, J., G. Strouse, D. Olson, J. Ricker, and G. Scace. "Picometer metrology for precise measurement of refractive index, pressure, and temperature." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.48.

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For several years we have been studying the use of Fabry-Perot interferometers for precise measurement of the refractive index of gasses, where the primary motivation has been to improve interferometer-based length measurement. Because the refractive index of a gas depends on its pressure and temperature, we can also use refractive index to monitor either of these quantities if the second is known. Recently we have embarked on a project that will utilize refractive index to infer pressure with a smaller measurement uncertainty than is currently possible, hoping to reach a relative standard unc

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3

Febrian, F. "Managing Oil and Gas Project Value By Prime (Pertamina Investment Management Engine)." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-bc-88.

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Oil and gas companies are facing an enormous challenge to create value from mature fields. Moreover, price volatility presents a massive impact on project uncertainties. Therefore, robust portfolio management is essential for oil and gas companies to manage critical challenges and uncertainties. The objective of this study is to develop a robust portfolio model to assist top management in oil and gas companies to drive investment strategy. PRIME (Pertamina Investment Management Engine) has been built to visualize advanced oil and gas project portfolio management. The engine observes the relati

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4

Suieshova, Alina, Nurzhan Seitmaganbetov, Dauren Temirkhan, et al. "Korolev Large Scale Pilot Project Overview." In SPE Caspian Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217558-ms.

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Abstract Korolev Large Scale Pilot (KLSP) Project is a part of the Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) project intended to gather operational and subsurface learnings to improve understanding of Korolev reservoir response to water injection and incremental waterflood recovery potential. The main objective of this paper is to share facilities design, waterflooding monitoring techniques and operational lessons learned and best practices. The process for the waterflooding evaluation includes nested pilot projects which provide key information to make the decision whether to stop or proceed with the proje

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5

Stahl, B., and H. Banon. "Fatigue Safety Factors for Deepwater Risers." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28405.

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Fatigue life is governed by a number of variables that are highly uncertain. The safety factor on fatigue life is used in a deterministic way to account for the estimated fatigue damage uncertainty. High uncertainties lead to high fatigue safety factors, and vice versa. Evaluation of the uncertainties in the variables governing fatigue design provides a grip on what the safety factor should be. This paper addresses riser fatigue using a fatigue reliability model that is relatively simple but still captures the important elements of the fatigue problem. The bias and uncertainty of stress range

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6

Avila, Juan Carlos, and Justino Felix Capululo. "Correlation Between Completion Quality and Productivity Degradation Narrows Down Uncertainty in Production Forecasts." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32015-ms.

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Abstract Productivity index (PI) degradation is a critical issue that negatively impacts hydrocarbon recovery. This problem is very common in deepwater environments such as Gulf of Mexico (GOM). In recent years, several publications have addressed this issue proposing integrated workflows to assess and mitigate this problem and providing interesting insights into the causes of this phenomenon. Our organization commissioned a study (Knobles et al. 2017) to understand the reasons for the high productivity declines observed across our assets in GOM and identify lessons learned and best practices

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7

Ismail, A. M., Alya Majed Almusalli, S. Ramatullayev, et al. "Unlocking Reservoir Potential: AI-Driven Integrated Well Placement Under Uncertainty in a Giant Onshore Field." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/222047-ms.

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Abstract The proposed paper aims to introduce an innovative, automated workflow for identifying and drilling high-performance infill wells in the large onshore reservoir in UAE, a region challenged by its complex geological setting and reservoir dynamics. The focus is on leveraging multi-disciplinary data integration and advanced automation techniques coupled with machine learning to enhance the precision and speed of well placement decisions under complex conditions. Our methodology employs a multi-disciplinary approach that synthesizes various static and dynamic data to map drilling opportun

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8

Fernandez, Charles, Shashi Bhushan Kumar, Wai Lok Woo, Rosemary Norman, and Arun Kr. Dev. "Dynamic Positioning Reliability Index (DP-RI) and Offline Forecasting of DP-RI During Complex Marine Operations." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77267.

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The Dynamic Positioning (DP) System is a complex system with significant levels of integration between many sub-systems to perform diverse control functions. The extent of information managed by each sub-system is enormous. The complex level of integration between sub-systems creates more possible failure scenarios. A systematic analysis of all failure scenarios is tedious and for an operator to handle any such catastrophic situation is breath taking. There are many accidents where a failure in a DP system has resulted in fatalities and environmental pollution. Therefore, reliability assessmen

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9

Bragatto, Paolo, Corrado Delle Site, Maria Francesca Milazzo, Annalisa Pirone, and Maria Rosaria Vallerotonda. "Managing Pressure Equipment Aging in Plants With Major Accident Hazard: A Methodology Satisfying the Requirements of the European Directive 2012/18/UE Seveso III." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84687.

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Attention to be paid to the aging of industrial facilities has been growing in the last ten years, both by public authorities and industrial executives. Many process plants, operating in Europe, have reached or exceeded their project nominal life and the safe management of aging is an urgent question. Failures, due to aged chemical process plants, cause the release of hazardous materials with severe consequences for people and workers. To counteract this phenomenon, plant operators carry out many technical activities, including non-destructive controls on piping and vessels, by adopting sophis

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10

T. N, Nithin. "Statistical Analysis of Jobsite Safety Assessment in Construction." In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/iywx3450/ngcesi23p85.

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Construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries. Accidents may occur during construction which results in serious injuries and death to employees and also may cause severe damage to equipment. Hence it is important to prevent or minimize accidents in the construction site. Safety during construction is very important for each employee. This project deals with job site safety analysis in construction site by identifying the causes for accidents and implementing solutions for preventing the accident in the construction industry. From the literatures it was studied that statistical

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Звіти організацій з теми "Project uncertainty index"

1

Vogt, R., A. Lovell, A. Tudora, T. Kawano, and R. Capote Noy. Summary Report of the 2nd RCM of the CRP on Updating Fission Yield Data for Applications. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.5n4h-gsyc.

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Анотація:

The Second Research Coordination Meeting of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on Updating Fission Yield Data for Applications was held in Vienna at the IAEA headquarters from 19 to 23 December 2022, with 23 international experts attending the meeting. The CRP is devoted to evaluation efforts of cumulative and independent fission yields for incident energies from the thermal point up to 14 MeV on actinide targets. Produced fission yield evaluations should include full uncertainty quantification and are expected to combine available experimental data and state-of-the-art model informat

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2

Steudlein, Armin, Besrat Alemu, T. Matthew Evans, et al. PEER Workshop on Liquefaction Susceptibility. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/bpsk6314.

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Seismic ground failure potential from liquefaction is generally undertaken in three steps. First, a susceptibility evaluation determines if the soil in a particular layer is in a condition where liquefaction triggering could potentially occur. This is followed by a triggering evaluation to estimate the likelihood of triggering given anticipated seismic demands, environmental conditions pertaining to the soil layer (e.g., its depth relative to the ground water table), and the soil state. For soils where triggering can be anticipated, the final step involves assessments of the potential for grou

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3

Stuedlein, Armin, Ali Dadashiserej, and Amalesh Jana. Models for the Cyclic Resistance of Silts and Evaluation of Cyclic Failure during Subduction Zone Earthquakes. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zkvv5271.

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This report describes several advances in the cyclic failure assessment of silt soils with immediate and practical benefit to the geotechnical earthquake engineering profession. First, a database of cyclic loading test data is assembled, evaluated, and used to assess trends in the curvature of the CRR-N (cyclic resistance ratio - the number of equivalent cycles) relationship. This effort culminated in a plasticity index-dependent function which can be used to estimate the exponent b in the power law describing cyclic resistance, and may be used to estimate the cyclic resistance of silt soils a

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4

Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan Jose Ospina-Tejeiro, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, et al. Monetary Policy Report - April de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2021.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff’s expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia’s economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff’s diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lowe

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5

Saarnio, Karri, Mika Vestenius, and Katriina Kyllönen. Attestation of conformity of particulate matter measurements (HIVATO) 2019–2020. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361331.

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The National Reference Laboratory for Air Quality (NRL) ensures the high quality of air quality measurements in Finland by organising audits and intercomparison campaigns. In this project, the conformity of the particulate matter measurements was evaluated with a particular focus on the measurement used for calculating the average exposure index (AEI) of Finland. The representativity and applicability of the AEI measurements made at the Kallio station in Helsinki were evaluated. It was noticed that the results of the Kallio measurement represent well the average fine particle (PM2.5) concentra

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6

Monetary Policy Report - April 2022. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr2-2022.

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Macroeconomic summary Annual inflation continued to rise in the first quarter (8.5%) and again outpaced both market expectations and the technical staff’s projections. Inflation in major consumer price index (CPI) baskets has accelerated year-to-date, rising in March at an annual rate above 3%. Food prices (25.4%) continued to contribute most to rising inflation, mainly affected by a deterioration in external supply and rising costs of agricultural inputs. Increases in transportation prices and in some utility rates (energy and gas) can explain the acceleration in regulated items prices (8.3%)

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Monetary Policy Report - January 2022. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1-2022.

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Macroeconomic summary Several factors contributed to an increase in projected inflation on the forecast horizon, keeping it above the target rate. These included inflation in December that surpassed expectations (5.62%), indexation to higher inflation rates for various baskets in the consumer price index (CPI), a significant real increase in the legal minimum wage, persistent external and domestic inflationary supply shocks, and heightened exchange rate pressures. The CPI for foods was affected by the persistence of external and domestic supply shocks and was the most significant contributor t

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8

Monetary Policy Report - October 2022. Banco de la República Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr4-2022.

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1.1 Macroeconomic summary In September, headline inflation (11.4% annually) and the average of core inflation indicators (8.6% annually) continued on a rising trend, and higher increases than expected were recorded. Forecasts increased again, and inflation expectations remained above 3%. Inflationary surprises in the third quarter were significant and widespread, and they are the result of several shocks. On the one hand, international cost and price shocks, which have mainly affected goods and foods, continue to exert upwards pressure on national inflation. In addition to these external suppl

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Monetary Policy Report - July de 2021. Banco de la República, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2021.

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Macroeconomic summary The Colombian economy sustained numerous shocks in the second quarter, pri¬marily related to costs and supply. The majority of these shocks were unantic¬ipated or proved more persistent than expected, interrupting the recovery in economic activity observed at the beginning of the year and pushing overall inflation above the target. Core inflation (excluding food and regulated items) increased but remained low, in line with the technical staff’s expectations. A third wave of the pandemic, which became more severe and prolonged than the previous outbreak, began in early Apr

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Monetary Policy Report - July 2022. Banco de la República, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3-2022.

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In the second quarter, annual inflation (9.67%), the technical staff’s projections and its expectations continued to increase, remaining above the target. International cost shocks, accentuated by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, have been more persistent than projected, thus contributing to higher inflation. The effects of indexation, higher than estimated excess demand, a tighter labor market, inflation expectations that continue to rise and currently exceed 3%, and the exchange rate pressures add to those described above. High core inflation measures as well as in the producer price index (PPI

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