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1
Vieites, Yan. "The Prosocial class: how social class influences prosocial behavior." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18664.
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The concept of noblesse oblige establishes that the differential in privileges between the rich and the poor should be balanced by a differential in duties towards those in need. However, the empirical findings regarding which are the most prosocial groups havebeenascontroversialasthisassertive. Whereasresearchintheso-calledpsychological framework has advocated a negative relationship between social class and prosocial behavior, the economic approach has claimed the opposite (i.e., positive) direction to be true. This article sought to disentangle conflicting findings from these strands of research across two different studies. In the first study, we conducted a series of focus groups in both wealthy and impoverished areas. Results suggested that research in the domain of social class has been circumscribed to an almost conventionalized few prosocial behaviors that are not representative neither of wealthy nor of poor individuals. In the second study, we conducted surveys in the same areas. Results revealed that, despite having less resources and opportunities to help others, lower social class individuals are more prosocial than their upper-class counterparts. Furthermore, prosociality differences cannot be explained by a different pattern of targets of help across the social spectrum. Implications for practice and research on prosociality are also discussed.
2
Chin, Jason M. "Moral uncertainty promotes prosocial behavior : exploring the self-signaling motivation for prosocial behavior." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Self-signaling theory posits that individuals engage in prosocial behavior in order to gain positive information about the self. Previous self-regulatory approaches to prosocial behavior have primarily focused on helping as means to self-repair (e.g., the negative state relief model), or as a means to stay self-consistent (e.g., self-verification theory), thus overlooking the motivation to obtain self-knowledge. Four studies tested a key prediction of self-signaling theory, that uncertainty about the self as a good and moral person should increase prosocial behavior, while certainty should decrease it. Study one used a correlational design to examine the relationship between personal uncertainty and volunteerism. Study two manipulated uncertainty about a positive moral characteristic and measured subsequent agreement to help. Study three examined the effect of uncertainty about a negative moral trait on helping behavior. Finally, study four manipulated both uncertainty, and the valence of self-information, while measuring charitable donations. All four studies find the hypothesized positive relationship between uncertainty and prosocial behavior. These findings support the idea that individuals help in order to gain information indicating they are good and virtuous, thus decreasing uncertainty about the self. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed.
3
Gärtner, Manja. "Prosocial Behavior and Redistributive Preferences." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-121353.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This Ph.D. thesis contains four independent essays. The essays are summarized as follows. Essay I: Status quos and the prosociality of intuitive decision making This study investigates how the prosociality of intuitive choices depends on the presence of a status quo. I present the results of a dictator game experiment with a non-student sample. The dictator game is a choice between a selfish option and a fair and efficient option, and has either no status quo, a selfish status quo or a fair status quo. Intuitive choices are elicited in two ways, by an exogenous variation in time pressure and by measuring response times. I find that time pressure decreases the share of fair choices in decisions without a status quo, but has no effect in the presence of a status quo. Fair and selfish choices have equal response times in a decision without a status quo, whereas the status quo option is always chosen faster, i.e. fast choices are fair under a fair status quo and selfish under a selfish status quo. This suggests that the decision context critically affects whether intuitive choices are prosocial or selfish. Essay II: Risk preferences and the demand for redistribution If individuals view redistributive policy as an insurance against future negative economic shocks, then the demand for redistribution increases in individual risk aversion. We provide a direct test of the correlation between the demand for redistribution and individual risk aversion in a customized survey and find that they are strongly and robustly positively correlated: more risk averse people demand more redistribution. We also replicate the results from previous literature and, on the one hand, find that the demand for redistribution is positively correlated with altruism, the belief that individual economic success is the result of luck rather than effort, a working-class parental background and downward mobility experience and expectations. On the other hand, preferences for redistribution are negatively correlated with income, a conservative political ideology and upward mobility experience and expectations. The magnitude of the correlation between risk aversion and the demand for redistribution is comparable to the magnitude of these previously identified, and here replicated, correlates. Essay III: Omission effects in trolley problems with economic outcomes This paper tests how ethical views and hypothetical choices in a trolley problem with economic outcomes depend on whether an outcome is the result of an action or an omission. In a vignette experiment, subjects read about a spectator that harms one person in order to save five others from harm either by taking an action or by omission, whereas the outcomes are either death or loss of property. The results show that the distinction between harmful actions and harmful omissions is significantly smaller in the economic domain, suggesting that omission effects in trolley problems are domain-specific. A comparison of moral views about harmful actions across outcome domains shows that this difference is driven by subjects being more outcome-focused when property rather than lives are at stake. Essay IV: Is there an omission effect in prosocial behavior? We investigate whether individuals are more prone to act selfishly if they can passively allow for an outcome to be implemented (omission) rather than having to make an active choice (commission). In most settings, active and passive choice alternatives differ in terms of factors such as the presence of a suggested option, costs of taking an action, and awareness. We isolate the omission effect from confounding factors in two experiments, and find no evidence that the distinction between active and passive choices has an independent effect on the propensity to implement selfish outcomes. This suggests that increased selfishness through omission, as observed in various economic choice situations, is driven by other factors than a preference for selfish omissions.
4
Herchen, Julia L. "Unethical Prosocial Behavior: Theory Development and Experimental Findings." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804877/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Job performance has historically been divided into two subsets, that which is prescribed and that which is discretionary. Further, discretionary workplace behavior has typically been described as either helpful or ethical (i.e. organizational citizenship behavior) or harmful and unethical (i.e. workplace deviance behavior) with behavior that is both helpful and unethical rarely discussed. I term this lesser discussed type of discretionary workplace behavior unethical prosocial behavior and define it as discretionary actions that are intended to benefit a specific referent outside the self, either an individual or a group, that are illegal and/or morally inappropriate to larger society. In addition to defining unethical prosocial behavior, this paper places the behavior in an organizing framework of discretionary workplace behaviors and tests several hypotheses regarding unethical prosocial behavior. The hypotheses address three primary research questions. First, are there contextual conditions that make it more likely that a person will engage in unethical prosocial behavior? Second, does the nature of the relationship between the actor and the beneficiary make unethical prosocial behavior more or less likely? And third, are there individual characteristics that serve to either constrain or enhance the likelihood that and individual will engage in unethical prosocial behavior? A 2 x 2 experimental design was used to test these hypotheses. As expected, in-group (vs. out-group) salience increased the likelihood of UPB. Individuals in the in-group condition engaged in significantly greater UPBs than those in the out-group condition. Contrary to expectations, shared reward (vs. no reward) decreased the likelihood of UPB. Individuals who were due a reward engaged less in UPBs than those who were not due a reward. Possible explanations for this relationship (both methodological and theoretical) are explored. While the overall effect of reward structure on UPB was in the opposite direction from that which was expected, propensity to morally disengage had the anticipated effect on the relationship between rewards and UPB. Those high in propensity to morally disengage were more likely to engage in UPB when a shared reward was offered (vs. no reward). Due to the nature of the task and the data collected, it was possible to operationalize UPB as a continuous measure as well as a dichotomous event (UPB/no UPB). This lead to a supplemental analysis that shed additional light on the nature of the relationship between group salience and UPB. The analysis shows that not only do subjects tend to over report the scores for fellow in-group members, but they also tend to underreport scores for out-group members. Fruitful areas for future work on the nascent UPB construct are discussed.
5
Preusse, Kathy A. "Fostering prosocial behavior in young children." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005preussek.pdf.
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6
Oßwald, Silvia. "Determinants of prosocial behavior : moral prototypes, social norms and prosocial video games." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988688263/04.
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Osswald, Silvia. "Determinants of prosocial behavior moral prototypes, social norms and prosocial video games." Aachen Shaker, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988688263/04.
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8
Farrow, Katherine. "Social norms and prosocial behavior : Experimental insights." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contrairement à l'hypothèse conventionnelle d'égoïsme avancée par la théorie standard, il est largement reconnu que les gens se comportent systématiquement de manière prosociale et, en outre, que la propension à le faire est sensible à plusieurs éléments du contexte décisionnel, qui autrefois étaient systématiquement relégués au second plan. Notre thèse s'intéresse particulièrement au fait que les préférences sociales constituent des éléments contextuels décisifs et examine la mesure dans laquelle les normes sociales peuvent expliquer des déviations comportementales qui autrement pourraient sembler irrationnelles. Dans un contexte où les budgets publics sont limités et ou les défis sociaux et environnementaux sont de plus en plus pressants, les interventions basées sur des approches comportementales peuvent constituer des instruments politiques attrayants, notamment du fait de leur moindre coût en comparaison des mesures basées sur descontraintes réglementaires et/ou sur des incitations économiques. Étant donné que les normes sociales peuvent être un déterminant important des performances globales d'une société dans des domaines très variés, nous étudions plusieurs aspects liés à la conception optimale de ces interventions comportementales qui exploitent les considérations normatives, ainsi que de la dynamique entre les normes sociales et les mesures institutionnelles formelles. Nous réalisons également une revue de la littérature relative à l'impact des interventions basées sur les normes sociales sur les comportementsenvironnementaux ainsi qu'aux mécanismes théoriques sous-jacents permettant d'expliciter le le rôle de ces normes dans le processus décisionnelA growing body of empirical evidence demonstrates that decision-making is embedded within complex personal, cognitive, and social contexts that call for a richer understanding of behavior than that described by traditional neoclassical economic theory. Contrary to the conventional selfishness assumption advanced by standard theory, it has now been established that people systematically behave in prosocial ways and furthermore, that the propensity to do so is sensitive to a variety of elements of decision context that have historically been considered irrelevant. We examine the assumptions that social preferences are outcome-regarding and consistent, and the extent to which social norms may be implicated in the divergences from these assumptions.This work has a strong applied focus. In an environment of limited public budgets and increasingly pressing social and environmental challenges, interventions based on behavioral insights can be appealing policy instruments, as they are often more economical than traditional command-and-control or incentive-based tools, and have the potential to generate reliable and immediate behavior change. Given that social norms can be an important determinant of aggregate societal outcomes in a diverse range of contexts, we investigate several aspects of the optimal design of behavioral interventions that leverage normative considerations, as well as the dynamics between social norms and formal institutional measures. These works are complemented by a review of the literature regarding the impact of social norm interventions on proenvironmental behaviors and of several theoretical accounts of the role that social norms play in the decision-making process.Through the use of both laboratory and online experiments (via Amazon Mechanical Turk and the NSF-funded Time-Sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences), the experimental studies that comprise the thesis examine the impact of valence framing on the effectiveness of a normative intervention, the capacity for a single normative intervention to generate heterogeneous behavioral impacts, and the effectiveness of certain informal norm-enforcement mechanisms and their interaction with formal institutional sanctions. From these studies, we draw a number of policy-relevant implications and identify the need for future work on a number of specific issues related to the role of social norms in behavior and accordingly, to the design of effective behavioral interventions that leverage social norms
9
Oßwald-Meßner, Silvia [Verfasser]. "Determinants of Prosocial Behavior: Moral Prototypes, Social Norms and Prosocial Video Games / Silvia Oßwald." Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1162790490/34.
Повний текст джерела
10
Finlinson, Abbie R. "Cooperative Games: Promoting Prosocial Behaviors in Children." DigitalCommons@USU, 1997. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Children who develop more prosocial behaviors tend to be more competent socially than those children who develop fewer prosocial behaviors. Group games are especially effective in the facilitation of prosocial behaviors. This study compared the number of prosocial or positive behaviors and negative behaviors displayed during cooperatively and competitively structured game treatments using the Observational Checklistand the Teacher Checklist. We controlled for possible differences in teacher nuturance through the Caregiver Interaction Scale. Participants included 20 boys and 19 girls (mean age = 4 years 7.3 months) enrolled in one of two classes at Utah State University s Adele and Dale Young Child Development Lab.
There were no statistically significant effects of treatment found according to The Teacher Checklist; however, statistically significant differences in positive and negative behaviors were found on The Observational Checklist across treatment conditions. Specifically, after cooperative games, positive behaviors were higher than expected while negative behaviors were lower than expected . During competitive games , positive behaviors were lower than expected and negative behaviors were higher than expected. When the two factors on The Teacher Checklist, Aggression and Immaturity, were analyzed, no statistically significant relationships were found.
11
Meyers, Jacob-Joon. "Humility and social behaviors using humility as a tool to increase prosocial behavior /." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/341783.
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12
Gelhaar, Felix [Verfasser]. "Essays on social contexts for prosocial behavior / Felix Gelhaar." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1198862351/34.
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13
Ma'rof, A. Azeqa. "Imagined intergroup contact effects on prosocial attitudes and behavior." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21270/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the effectiveness of imagined intergroup contact at promoting intergroup helping behaviour. Theoretically, it is argued that by adopting a third-person perspective in the imagined contact task prosocial action can be facilitated across intergroup boundaries. The results of eight studies provide evidence that imagining prosocial contact from the third-person perspective increased prosocial attitudes and actions. Additionally, results revealed that the imagined helping did not need to be specific to a particular group, or even an intergroup encounter: Any imagined helping scenario subsequently enhanced specific and generalised attitudes towards helping others, and increased the likelihood of observing prosocial behaviour. Importantly these effects were observed in laboratory and field studies, in the UK and Malaysia, and with majority and minority groups. Overall, this thesis contributes to a greater understanding the impact of mental simulation on enhancing prosocial attitudes and behaviours, and helps explain how and why imagined contact can encourage intergroup helping in a range of experimental and real-life contexts.
14
Lim, Daniel. "Essays on the Determinants of Prosocial Behavior in Singapore." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous research has sought to explain why people engage in prosocial behavior and undertake activities that are costly to themselves and mostly benefit others, such as volunteering and donating. My dissertation comprises three essays that collectively explore the determinants of prosocial behavior and leverages insights from behavioral economics to design interventions to nudge people to behave more prosocially. The first essay is an observational study that examines how rapid demographic changes reduced informal volunteering but not formal volunteering in Singapore. The findings suggest that structural factors such as racial diversification and the availability of institutions that promote inclusiveness could be more important than individual-level characteristics in explaining prosocial behavior. The second essay is a field experiment that explores how tailoring messages to resonate with peoples' underlying motivations for volunteering can increase their likelihood of actually volunteering. The third essay examines how behavioral modifications to public engagement campaigns can increase their effectiveness in changing behaviors. Overall, the second and third essays suggest that actual volunteering behavior is the realization of interactions between innate propensities to volunteer and situational factors. For example, non-volunteers might have a lower predisposition for volunteering compared to current volunteers, but they can still be nudged to volunteer if exposed to the appropriate type of messaging. Similarly, individuals with high prosocial tendencies might never get around to volunteering because they procrastinate or possess time-inconsistent preferences. We therefore have to account for situational factors in order to develop a complete understanding of why people behave prosocially.Government
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BRAZZELLI, ELISA. "MEASUREMENT AND PROMOTION OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN EARLY CHILDHOOD." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La presente ricerca si colloca all’interno del filone di studi sullo sviluppo dei comportamenti prosociali nella prima infanzia. Nonostante il crescente interesse di ricerca volto ad indagare i processi di socializzazione attraverso i quali gli adulti sostengono lo sviluppo socio-emotivo dei bambini, ad oggi non si dispone di strumenti psicometricamente robusti che consentano una rilevazione affidabile dei comportamenti prosociali nei primi anni di vita e delle pratiche di socializzazione alla prosocialità. Lo Studio 1 presenta le principali proprietà psicometriche del CPBQ, un questionario per genitori volto a misurare i comportamenti prosociali nei primi tre anni di vita. Lo Studio 2 illustra le proprietà psicometriche del PPPQ, strumento self-report sulle pratiche genitoriali di socializzazione alla prosocialità. Sulla scorta della letteratura che enfatizza il ruolo della conversazione emotiva nel favorire lo sviluppo socio-emotivo dei bambini in contesti familiari ed extra-familiari (Giménez-Dasì et al., 2015; Ornaghi et al., 2017), lo Studio 3 indaga gli effetti di un intervento conversazionale nel promuovere le competenze empatiche e prosociali dei bambini al nido.
Studio 1: Studio di validazione del CPBQ
Metodo
Partecipanti. 409 genitori (M=36) di bambini di età compresa tra i 16 e i 42 mesi (M=28.4).
Strumenti. Child Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire (Brazzelli et al., 2018), sulle manifestazioni prosociali dei bambini; l’EmQue-I13, (Grazzani et al., 2017), sulle competenze empatiche.
Risultati
L’analisi fattoriale confermativa mostra un buon adattamento per il modello a 10-item: χ2(31)=74.26, p=.001, NC=2.39; RMSEA:.058; NFI=.95, NNFI=.95, CFI=.97. I tre fattori individuati risultano affidabili: Helping (α=.726), Comforting (α=.782) e Sharing (α=.695).
Studio 2: Studio di validazione del PPPQ
Metodo
Partecipanti. 623 genitori (M=35) di bambini di età compresa tra i 12 e i 42 mesi (M=28.3).
Strumenti. Parental Prosocial Practices Questionnaire (Brazzelli et al., 2018), relativo alle pratiche di socializzazione alla prosocialità; il MESQ (Coplan, 2005; Ciucci & Menesini, 2008), sullo stile emotivo materno; il QSP (Venuti & Senese, 2007), sugli stili educativi dei genitori.
Risultati
L’analisi fattoriale confermativa mostra un buon adattamento per il modello a 9-item: χ2(24)=44.15, p=.013, NC=1.83, RMSEA:.063, pclose=.218, NFI=.93, NNFI=.96, CFI=.96. Le tre dimensioni emerse si mostrano affidabili: Coaching (α=.715), Contingency (α=.698) e Modeling (α=.778).
Studio 3: Promozione della prosocialità al nido: un intervento conversazionale
Metodo
Partecipanti. 141 bambini, con sviluppo tipico, di età compresa tra 21 e 36 mesi (M=28,53; DS=3,92).
Disegno di ricerca. Il progetto si è articolato in tre fasi (pre-test, training, post-test) con la costituzione di tre gruppi. Il training ha previsto attività di gruppo condotte dalle educatrici, strutturate in un primo momento di lettura di storie e un successivo momento di conversazione su emozioni e comportamenti di aiuto (Gruppo ConvEmo), conversazione su azioni concrete (Gruppo ConvFis) o gioco libero (Gruppo Gioco).
Strumenti. Prove somministrate ai bambini: PinG (Bello et al., 2010), AKT (Camodeca & Coppola, 2010) e Prosocial Tasks (Dunfield & Kuhlmeier, 2013). Quesionari per genitori: EmQue-I13 (Grazzani et al., 2017) e CPBQ (Brazzelli et al., 2018).
Risultati
I risultati dei GLM a misure ripetute mostrano l’efficacia dell’intervento nell’incrementare la comprensione delle emozioni e la messa in atto di condotte prosociali.
Discussione e Conclusioni
Il CPBQ e il PPPQ si mostrano validi strumenti per indagare, rispettivamente, i comportamenti prosociali nella prima infanzia e le pratiche genitoriali di socializzazione alla prosocialità. I risultati dello Studio 3 confermano l’efficacia dell’intervento conversazionale nel promuovere le abilità empatiche e prosociali nei bambini al nidoThe present research is part of the line of studies on the development of prosocial behaviors in early childhood (Dunfield, 2014; Eisenberg et al., 2006). Despite the growing interest in research aimed at investigating the socialization processes through which adults support the socio-emotional development of children (Brownell et al., 2013), to date, we do not have psychometrically robust tools that allow a reliable detection of prosocial behavior in the first years of life and socialization practices in prosociality. Based on this evidence, Study 1 presents the main psychometric properties of the CPBQ, a questionnaire for parents aimed at measuring prosocial behaviors in the first three years of life. Study 2 illustrates the psychometric properties of PPPQ, a self-report tool on parental practices of socialization with prosociality. Based on the literature that emphasizes the role of emotional conversation in favoring the socio-emotional development of children in family and non-family contexts (Giménez-Dasì et al., 2015; Ornaghi et al., 2017), Studio 3 investigates the effects of a conversational intervention in promoting the empathic and prosocial skills of children in the nursery. Study 1: CPBQ validation study Method Participants. 409 parents (M=36) of children aged between 16 and 42 months (M=28.4). Instruments. Child Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire (Brazzelli et al., 2018), on the prosocial manifestations of children; EmQue-I13, (Grazzani et al., 2017), on empathic skills. Results Confirmatory factorial analysis shows a good fit for the 10-item model: χ2(31)=74.26, p=.001, NC=2.39; RMSEA: .058; NFI=.95, NNFI=.95, CFI=.97. The three factors identified are reliable: Helping (α=.726), Comforting (α=.782) and Sharing (α=.695). Study 2: PPPQ validation study Method Participants. 623 parents (M=35) of children between the ages of 12 and 42 months (M=28.3). Instruments. Parental Prosocial Practices Questionnaire (Brazzelli et al., 2018), concerning the socialization practices of prosociality; the MESQ (Coplan, 2005; Ciucci & Menesini, 2008), on the maternal emotional style; the QSP (Venuti & Senese, 2007), on the parents' educational styles. Results Confirmatory factorial analysis shows a good fit for the 9-item model: χ2 (24)=44.15, p=.013, NC=1.83, RMSEA: .063, pclose=.218, NFI=.93, NNFI=.96, CFI=.96. The three dimensions emerged to be reliable: Coaching (α=.715), Contingency (α=.698) and Modeling (α=.778). Study 3: Promotion of the prosociality to the nest: a conversational intervention Method Participants. 141 children, with typical development, aged between 21 and 36 months (M=28.53; DS=3.92). Research design. The project was divided into three phases (pre-test, training, and post-test) with the establishment of three groups. The training provided group activities conducted by the educators, structured at first to read stories and a subsequent conversation on emotions and behaviors of help (ConvEmo Group), conversation on concrete actions (ConvFis Group) or free play (Group Game). Instruments. Tests given to children: PinG (Bello et al., 2010), AKT (Camodeca & Coppola, 2010) and Prosocial Tasks (Dunfield & Kuhlmeier, 2013). Quesionari for parents: EmQue-I13 (Grazzani et al., 2017) and CPBQ (Brazzelli et al., 2018). Results The results of repeated measures GLM show the effectiveness of the intervention in increasing the understanding of emotions and the implementation of prosocial behaviors. Discussion and conclusions The CPBQ and the PPPQ are valid tools to investigate, respectively, prosocial behaviors in early childhood and parenting practices of socialization to prosociality. The results of Study 3 confirm the effectiveness of a conversational intervention in promoting empathic and prosocial skills in nursery children.
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Whiting, Gillian Mary. "Relationship between prosocial moral reasoning, prosocial behavior, family functioning and social maturity in pre-primary school children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15873.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: leaves 199-213.The purpose of this correlation study was to attempt to account for differences in pre-schoolers moral reasoning about altruistic conflicts on the basis of healthier types of family functioning and greater degrees of· social maturity: to show whether these differences are reflected in an increase in prosocial behavior. Thirty-eight pre-school boys and girls responded to four simple moral stories about helping and sharing. (Moral R.). All responses of the children were coded by the researcher and an independent coder. Assessment of the extent of the children's own naturally occurring prosocial behavior was by the completion of a Likert-type rating scale (Pros. B.R.) by the teachers of the school. It was hypothesized that the use of more mature levels of moral reasoning would account for more prosocial behavior. Results confirmed the hypothesis. Family functioning was measured by the Family Assessment Device questionnaire (F.A.D.) and individually completed by all the mothers and fathers. The hypothesis that healthier family functioning patterns would reflect use of higher levels of moral reasoning was partially supported. The measurement of the extent of social maturity of each child was by means of a semi-structured interview with the mothers and utilizing the Vineland Social Maturity Scale (V.S.M.). It was hypothesized that healthier patterns of family functioning would foster greater social maturity. Results obtained did not support this hypothesis. Other hypotheses were; (a) that greater social maturity would account for the use of more mature levels of moral reasoning: this hypothesis was confirmed, (b) that greater social maturity would be related to increased prosocial behavior: results confirmed this hypothesis, (c) that increased prosocial behavior would be reflected by healthier patterns of family functioning: results did not support this hypothesis. As measurement was of an ordinal nature Spearman's non-parametric rank correlation was utilized. A subsidiary study was conducted in which the children's moral reasoning was examined by way of their dominant modal response. None of the pre-schoolers used the Kohlberg stage 1 authority and punishment as their modal response. Much hedonistic and needs-oriented reasoning was used. Spearman's rank correlation was used to examine relationships between the categories of moral reasoning. The use of hedonistic reasoning was negatively related to both needs orientation and stereotypic reasoning. Other relationships did not reach statistical significance.
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Hilario, Marcus R. "Mediation of the prosocial personality / helping behavior relationship by value motives /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000546/02/1991FT.htm.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.Thesis advisor: James Conway. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-35). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Norrgren, Lisa, and Hanna Swahnberg. "Investigating Prosocial Behavior: A Case Study of Littering in Laos." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131331.
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Using vignette experiments, this thesis examines individuals’ decision-making in various social dilemmas. A case study of littering behavior amongst university students in Lao People's Democratic Republic is used to investigate whether individual preferences are stable across littering dilemmas and other social dilemmas. This study further investigates if a visual prompt can encourage prosocial behavior in littering situations. The results show that behavior in social dilemmas is dependent on individual preferences. Additionally, the study finds little evidence that visual prompts could be used in order to efficiently decrease littering in Laos. However, a negative relationship is found between littering behavior and knowledge regarding the consequences of littering. These findings indicate that policy makers could use knowledge increasing campaigns in order to increase prosocial decision making regarding littering. Yet, further studies are needed in order to validate the results. Lastly, we also find differences in what influence littering behavior, depending on the item being littered.
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Silva, Judite Maria Brito. "Social encounters among young children: Assertiveness, aggression and prosocial behavior." Doctoral thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1685.
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Tese de Doutoramento apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Escola de Educação, Universidade de BristolPsychological literature on the social development of children is extensive and many experimental and naturalistic investigations have been carried out. The picture of the young child as egocentric and having limited social competence has been replaced by one of an agent who understands and actively manipulates his social world to achieve goals and establish relationships necessary to his adaptation to a variety of settings. The literature review which forms the first part of the dissertation is structured around four principal topics: studies which demonstrate the origins and development of social interaction in infants and young children; delineation of the field of study and definition of key variables in aggression, assertion, prosocial behaviour, empathy and self-control; theories of aggression and prosocial behaviour; and a review of the main trends in young children"*. social encounters. Although the literature is extensive, comparatively few studies have attempted to integrate the main trends and have, instead, isolated one two types of behaviour for examination. Following the critical review of the literature some of the major issues raised are discussed and research questions and predictions are identified. A naturalistic study of a group of children in a nursery school attached to an English university was designed following pilot work in two similar groups involving 82 childrens and 20 hours of observation. The main study was of observations made on three mornings each week over a period of five months. Focal sampling of target. children in the group of 17 aged between three and four years, was adopted and the majority observed for a total of 120 minutes each, that is for 24 periods of five minutes. The sample unit was one minute during which operationalized variables in aggressive, assertive and prosocial categories and subcategories were recorded, Tests of empathy were also administered and ratings of self-control made limited background data (age, sex, birth order) were also obtained. Reliability of all variables and observations was examined. Construct validity was also studied through the use of convergent and divergent correlations. The main body of the quantitative analysis concerned the relationships among the behaviours categorized to test the predictions and examine the research questions which had been set up. Differences in behaviour were related to the background variables employed and a qualitative analysis, involving over 600 observational units, was carried out to identify the antecedents and consequences of each category of behaviour and the contexts, social interaction and materials with which they were associated. Relationships between interaction style and empathy and self-control were also examined. The final chapter discusses some of the limitations of the study and the findings are interpreted in the light of the dominant and controversial trends in the literature.
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Memmott, Madison Kate. "Bidirectional Relations Between Prosocial Behavior and Self-Regulation Across Adolescence." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6899.
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The purpose of this study was to take a multidimensional perspective to prosocial behavior and self-regulation by analyzing longitudinal, bidirectional relations between prosocial behavior toward strangers, friends, and family members and behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions of self-regulation across adolescence. Participants included reports from 500 adolescents (age Time 1 = 12, Time 2 = 14, Time 3 = 16, Time 4 = 18; 52% female, 77% European American) taking part in the Flourishing Families Project. Nine cross-lagged panel models were conducted analyzing longitudinal associations between each target of prosocial behavior and each dimension of self-regulation. Results revealed that in early adolescence, prosocial behavior toward strangers and cognitive self-regulation were bidirectionally related. Prosocial behavior toward strangers was significantly associated with cognitive self-regulation from age 12 to age 18 and cognitive self-regulation was significantly associated with prosocial behavior toward friends across adolescence. Further, behavioral and emotional self-regulation were significantly related to prosocial behavior toward family from age 12 to age 18. Gender was significantly associated with initial levels of study variables but was not significantly relate to patterns of association. Discussion focuses on how findings fit into existent theory and research.
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Beasley, Elizabeth. "Policies for increasing prosocial behavior : evidence from three experimental studies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0047/document.
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Les essais contenus dans cette thèse utilisent des preuves empiriques pour répondre à deux questions qui sont d'une importance capitale compte tenu de notre compréhension croissante de la relation de préférences sociales et de la croissance économique et le bien-être au niveau des pays : les bases du comportement prosocial et l'impact des politiques visent à l'augmenter. Les niveaux de comportement prosocial ont souvent été pris comme une donnée fixée, or ces essais fournissent la preuve qu'ils sont susceptibles de changer à partir des interventions politiques. Étant donné qu'il y a peu d'interventions spécifiquement axées sur la confiance et la coopération, il peut y avoir une grande portée pour améliorer du bien-être en augmentant la politique axée sur cette question. C’est ce qui est démontré dans ces essais. Chapitre 1 aborde les bases du comportement pro-social en utilisant différents cadres dans les demandes d'une contribution au bien public, et montre que les informations sur la norme sociale est le facteur de motivation le plus puissant. Chapitre 2 fournit des résultats empiriques et théoriques que le comportement pro-social au niveau communautaire (en contribuant aux services publics locaux) dépend de l'efficacité attendue de ce comportement. Le chapitre 3 fournit de nouvelles résultats sur l'impact de la confiance sur le plan individuel, et montre qu'un programme de formation de l'enfance qui a augmenté la confiance (ainsi que amélioré l'attention et réduit la délinquance), a déclenché une chaîne d'événements pour améliorer les résultats à long terme en termes d’éducation, criminalité et performance économiqueThe essays contained in this dissertation use empirical evidence to address two issues which are critically important given our growing understanding of the relationship of social preferences to economic growth and well-being at the country level: the foundations of prosocial behavior and the impact of policies designed to increase it. Levels of prosocial behavior have often been taken as a given, fixed, factor, but these essays provide evidence that they are subject to change from policy interventions. Given that there are few interventions specifically focused on trust and cooperation, there may be large scope for improving welfare by increasing the policy focus on this issue, and these essays provide evidence that this is indeed the case. Chapter 1 addresses the foundations of pro-social behavior using different frames in requests for a public good contribution, and shows that information on the social norm is the most potent motivator of public good contribution. In Chapter 2 provides empirical and theoretical evidence from a large project that pro-social behavior at the community level, in contributing to local public services, depends on the anticipated efficacy of that behavior. Chapter 3 provides new evidence on the impact of trust on the individual level, and shows that a childhood training program that increased trust, as well as improving attention and reducing delinquency, set off a chain of events resulting in better long-term outcomes for individuals in terms of education, criminality, and economic performance
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Benedetti, Alison A. "Event-Level Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Prosocial Motivation: Effects on Well-Being." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1339781539.
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Crane, Jeffrey Paul. "Family Implicit Rules, Shame, and Adolescent Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4163.
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This exploratory cross-sectional study examined the relationship between implicit family process rules and adolescent prosocial and antisocial communication behaviors. Data came from two-parent families in wave 5 of the Flourishing Families project which consisted of 322 families (fathers, mothers and children ages 13-17). Both observational and questionnaire data were used in data collection. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed using observational codes from the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales (Melby, et al., 1998). Each of the family members' perceptions were used to assess constraining family rules and facilitative family rules. Findings showed a direct positive relationship between facilitative family process rules and pro-social communication and a negative relationship with antisocial communication. Constraining family process rules were also positively related to antisocial communication behaviors in adolescents. Shame was a significant mediator of the relationship between facilitative family rules and prosocial behavior as well as between constraining family rules and antisocial behavior. Implications for family therapy practice are discussed.
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Aaron, Lauren. "The Effects of Cumulative Risk Experience and Violence Exposure on Children's Prosocial Behaviors." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626639.
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McDade, Rhyanne. "Impact of Prosocial Behavioral Involvement on School Violence Perpetration and School Violence Victimization among African American Youth." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1460731310.
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Cheung, Yee-ping Chris. "The relationship between christianity and prosocial behavior among Hong Kong adolescents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29791182.
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Freundt, Jana [Verfasser]. "An investigation of prosocial behavior in different economic contexts / Jana Freundt." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1226936350/34.
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Späth, Maximilian [Verfasser]. "How to Foster Prosocial Behavior? : Essays on Experimental Economics / Maximilian Späth." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232492906/34.
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Saveliev, Kristyn. "The Relation of Response-Outcome Expectancies to Aggressive and Prosocial Behavior." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1194994102.
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Snyder, Tara D. "The effects of toy exposure on children's prosocial and antisocial behavior." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040431/.
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Sachet, Alison. "Children's and Adults' Prosocial Behavior in Real and Imaginary Social Interactions." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12992.
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In everyday life, there are many situations that elicit emotional reactions to an individual's plight, leading to empathic thoughts and helping behaviors. But what if the observed situation involves fictional characters rather than real life people? The main goal of this dissertation was to investigate the extent that empathic thoughts and helping behaviors characterize children's responses to fictional social interactions, as well as to real ones. Another goal was to develop a new measure of prosocial behavior.
In Study 1, 60 undergraduate students (36 female; Mage = 19.87, SDage = 4.46) played two computerized ball-tossing games, one with 3 co-players who were believed to be other students and one in which a ball was tossed between 3 walls. During the second half of each game, one of the co-players/walls was excluded by the other two co-players/walls; the participant's subsequent increase in passes to the excluded co-player/wall was recorded. Participants increased their passes to the excluded real co-player more than to the excluded wall, indicating that the increase in the Real Condition were attempts to help another person, rather than simply to even out the distribution of passes.
Study 2 extended these findings to children and tested the relationship between reactions to real and fictional social interactions. Seventy-one 5- and 8-year-old children (36 females; 35 5-year-olds: Mage = 5 years, 8.2 months, SDage = 2.4 months; 36 8-year-olds: Mage = 8 years, 6.5 months, SDage = 2.9 months) played the computerized ball tossing game with (1) other children they believed to be real, (2) novel cartoon characters, and (3) walls. One of the co-players/walls was excluded in the second half of each game. Although children reported similar empathic reactions towards the excluded real and fictional co-players, they increased their passes to the excluded real co-player more than to the excluded fictional character or wall (controlling for individual differences in real life empathy). These results suggest that children's emotional reactions to what they experience in fiction and in real life are similar, but they take the behavioral steps to help another individual only when that individual is believed to be a real person.
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Clark, Adam M. "The Impact of Marital Conflict on Parenting and Adolescent Prosocial Behavior." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2660.
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This study examined the relationship between marital conflict, parenting, and adolescent prosocial behavior. Parents and one target child from two-parent families (n = 330) responded to questionnaires regarding levels of marital conflict, parenting behaviors, and child prosocial behavior. Using structural equation modeling, results indicated that one dimension of parenting, warmth and connection, mediated the relationship between marital conflict and child prosocial behavior. Group comparisons did not find significant gender differences. The significance on parent-child connection is discussed along with clinical implications.
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Suric, Daniella. "Using Multimedia Social StoriesTM to Enhance Prosocial Behavior of At-Risk Preschoolers." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5317.
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This study evaluated Social StoriesTM (SS) with three at-risk preschool children in a high- need public elementary school. Specifically, this study examined the use of a multimedia SS designed to decrease problem behavior and increase prosocial behavior. A multiple baseline design across participants with an ABC sequence was used to assess the impact of the standard SS and multimedia SS on the children's target behaviors. The results of the study indicated that the standard SS was successful in reducing problem behavior and increasing prosocial behavior for all three participating children. The results also indicated that the multimedia SS had positive effects on the children, further increasing prosocial behavior during intervention. Although the problem behavior did not further decrease when the multimedia SS was introduced, the low levels of problem behavior were maintained at a 3-week follow-up for all three children. All three children demonstrated maintenance of improved prosocial behavior during follow-up. Overall, the multimedia SS demonstrated high levels of social validity.
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Kaehler, Laura. "Trauma and Betrayal Blindness in Charitable Donations." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18305.
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Betrayal trauma theory (see Freyd, 1996) posits betrayal events often require "betrayal blindness" in order to limit awareness or memory of information regarding the betrayal. This occurs in order to maintain a connection that is necessary for survival. BTT may be applied to events that generally would not be considered traumatic, such as adultery or discrimination. In order to maintain connections within relationships, institutions, and social systems upon which there is a dependency, people (acting as victims, perpetrators, and witnesses) may show betrayal blindness. This dissertation consists of two studies investigating betrayal blindness and betrayal trauma history as they relate to charitable behavior.
Study 1 included 467 college students at the University of Oregon who completed self-report measures of trauma history and a behavioral measure requesting a hypothetical donation. Contributions were requested for three scenarios that varied in level of betrayal: natural disaster, external genocide, and internal genocide. Results indicated no significant main effects for trauma history or type of event. However, people were less willing to donate to the group of recipients and the genocide conditions at low levels of emotional arousal. Additionally, those who have experienced high betrayal traumas also were less likely to donate at low emotional response values. Given the lack of significant findings in this experiment, a second study was conducted using a repeated measures design.
Study 2 involved 634 undergraduate students at the University of Oregon. In addition to the measures from Study 1, participants also completed additional self-report measures assessing trait measures of prosocial tendencies, social desirability, personality, emotion regulation, and betrayal awareness. There were no main effects on charitable behavior for personality traits, prosociality, emotion regulation, social desirability, or betrayal awareness. Significant order effects were observed when comparing the type of event and betrayal level of event. A between-subjects approach revealed people donated less money to the higher betrayal versions of both types of scenarios. Across both studies, increased affect, particularly guilt, was associated with more charitable behavior. Although there are several limitations of these studies, the findings represent an important first step exploring prosocial behavior within a betrayal trauma framework.
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Cholerton, Steven M. "Prosocial behaviour in South African students a qualitative enquiry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002457.
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The central aim of this study was to conduct a qualitative exploration of the prosocial inclinations possessed by young South African students. The literature review argues that traditional approaches to moral responding separate the individual from the social. An alternative approach that reinstates language and ideology is delineated. It is argued that such a paradigm is most appropriate to a study of prosocial responding during a period of social change. Hypothetical moral dilemmas were administered to twenty-nine students. Six students were selected and each was interviewed on two separate occasions. In this way six case studies were developed. The methodological traditions of phenomenology and hermeneutics were employed to analyze the protocols and subsequent interviews. Seven themes descriptive of a moral response were identified. These consisted of moral reasoning, empathy, mood, guilt, alienation, a sense of group-identity, and ambiguity regarding the relative interests of self versus other. These themes are fully discussed in terms of the literature. It is concluded that moral reasoning may be insufficient to motivate prosocial behaviour. Conventional moral narratives may be appropriated in order to make sense of conflicting emotions. Empathy was identified as a necessary but not sufficient condition for a prosocial response. Empathy might translate into either sympathy or personal distress. Mood was found to largely dictate attentional focus. Alienation was found to be a defensive formulation that inhibits the emergence of sympathy. Guilt might precipitate an alienated posture. It was found that guilt might be attributed to group-identity and thereby denied. Tension between a self- and other-oriented response, or between blame and sympathy, was common. It is suggested that this ambiguity reflects ideological contradictions that have been internalized. It is postulated that during periods of social change such contradictions are accentuated.
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Gordon, Haley. "Investigating the Relation between Empathy and Prosocial Behavior: An Emotion Regulation Framework." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78070.
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Little is known about the complex processes leading to prosocial behavior. However, theories suggests that empathy, empathic responding, and emotion regulation abilities, may all contribute to the presence or absence of prosocial behavior. While theoretical papers demonstrate relationships between these constructs, researchers to date have only focused on small aspects of this complex relationship (e.g., the relationship between sympathy and emotion regulation, the relationship between empathy and prosocial behavior). This study proposed a complex model whereby empathy was both directly related to prosocial behavior and indirectly related to prosocial behavior via sympathy or personal distress. Furthermore, this study proposed an emotion regulation framework for understanding the relation between empathy and prosocial behavior, suggesting that one's emotion regulation abilities would cause a differential presentation of empathic responses, leading to a potential increase or decrease in prosocial behavior. An adult sample was recruited. Analyses were completed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results indicate that hypothesized model adequately fit the data. All hypothesized associations between variables were significant. However, contrary to the hypothesis, emotion regulation ability did not alter the associations between study constructs. Strengths, limitations, and implications will be discussed.Master of Science
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Lister, Kelly M. "Aggression and prosocial behavior in adolescents' Internet and face-to-face interactions." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1194123016.
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Messner, Amber Lynn. "Developing prosocial behavior in preschool children using a response cost-based intervention." Scholarly Commons, 2000. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2632.
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The development of the appropriate behaviors necessary to initiate and maintain successful interpersonal relationships is an important aspect of successful social development in preschool children. An important subset of these are sharing behaviors. Promoting sharing behavior in children at an early age can greatly influence future peer relationships and may assist children's future social growth. An intervention based on response cost was used in three regular preschool classrooms to determine whether it would result in an increase in sharing behaviors among children ages 3 to 5. The intervention consisted of a toy time-out procedure contingent upon nonsharing behavior, and positive praise for appropriate sharing behavior. Results showed that in contrast to preschool children who did not receive the intervention, the children who did receive the intervention significantly increased their displays of working together on a common project during free play. In addition, six out of seven teachers, representing all three preschools, responded favorably to the use of this intervention and identified children in the treatment group as sharing somewhat more during free play after completion of the study. This response cost-based intervention can provide teachers with a quick and simple behavioral technique for managing free play periods while promoting sharing behavior in the classroom.
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Jin, Shuxian, Daniel Balliet, Angelo Romano, Giuliana Spadaro, Lissa Caspar J. van, Maximilian Agostini, Jocelyn J. Bélanger, et al. "Intergenerational conflicts of interest and prosocial behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic." Elsevier Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657328.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.The COVID-19 pandemic presents threats, such as severe disease and economic hardship, to people of different ages. These threats can also be experienced asymmetrically across age groups, which could lead to generational differences in behavioral responses to reduce the spread of the disease. We report a survey conducted across 56 societies (N = 58,641), and tested pre-registered hypotheses about how age relates to (a) perceived personal costs during the pandemic, (b) prosocial COVID-19 responses (e.g., social distancing), and (c) support for behavioral regulations (e.g., mandatory quarantine, vaccination). We further tested whether the relation between age and prosocial COVID-19 responses can be explained by perceived personal costs during the pandemic. Overall, we found that older people perceived more costs of contracting the virus, but less costs in daily life due to the pandemic. However, age displayed no clear, robust associations with prosocial COVID-19 responses and support for behavioral regulations. We discuss the implications of this work for understanding the potential intergenerational conflicts of interest that could occur during the COVID-19 pandemic.
New York University Abu Dhabi
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McCarty, Shane Michael. "Promoting Prosocial Behavior to Prevent Aggression and Bullying in Middle Schools: An environment, person, and behavior-focused intervention." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78136.
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The most common school-based interventions to prevent victimization from bullying use disciplinary methods and increase playground supervision. While enforcement approaches can prevent bullying, the effects are often short term and may lead to undesirable side effects. Thus, it seems a positive approach to increase prosocial behavior and prevent victimization is needed. This study evaluated the Actively Caring for People (AC4P) approach in four Southwest Virginia middle schools. Sixth and seventh grade students from two schools (n=209) participated in a five-week prosocial-focused curriculum, while 194 students served in the control group. All participants completed pre and post-test measures on their prosocial behavior performed and received, aggressive victimization and aggression performed, as well as bullying victimization and bullying performed to others. Linear regression and binary logistic regression were used to assess the impact of the Intervention. Follow-up moderator analyses were performed to assess the impact of Intervention Fidelity, Classroom Climate, Coaches' Entity Prosocial Mindset, and Role Model Perceptions. No intervention effects were observed and no moderators of the intervention were significant. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed.Master of Science
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Mejia, Roberto. "EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EXPOSURE IN COLOMBIAN ADOLESCENTS: PATHWAYS TO VIOLENT AND PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR." Also available to VCU users online at:, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1776.
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Curtis, Catherine. "An Investigation of Prosocial Rule Breaking Within the Casual Restaurant Industry." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2550.
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In the hospitality industry, the role of the frontline employee is integral. These employees are the face of the organization and have a strong role in shaping and forming the opinions of consumers by way of their product and service delivery. Therefore, the decisions an employee makes during the product or service delivery is critical in maintaining the relationship with the customer. Employees may be faced with opportunities to better service a customer at the cost of breaking an organizational rule or procedure. When an employee is faced with this dilemma and decides to break the rule on the behalf of the customer knowing the risks involved, this is called prosocial rule breaking. One distinct difference between this concept and general rule breaking is that this is performed as a nonselfish gesture; the employee does not receive any personal benefit. To examine this further, this study investigated the overall propensity to participate in prosocial rule breaking and the impact of the Big Five personality dimensions on prosocial rule breaking. To gain a better understanding of these constructs, a review of literature related to ethical decision making, prosocial behavior, and the five factor theory of personality was conducted. To investigate the research objectives, a purposive sample of frontline employees from a nationally branded restaurant chain completed a four part self-administered questionnaire by answering questions on the five factor personality dimensions through the Big Five Inventory (BFI), a restaurant based scenario followed by Morrison's (2006) prosocial rule breaking scale, a section on demographic information, and an open ended section for qualitative comments. Overall, three-hundred and five (305) usable questionnaires were completed and interpreted. The results demonstrated that this sample of restaurant employees revealed a moderate propensity for prosocial rule breaking. Moreover, the results revealed that the Agreeableness dimension is the most common personality dimension for this group of restaurant employees, but the Conscientiousness domain was the best predictor of one's propensity not to participate in prosocial rule breaking. The implications for managers from this study indicate a need for managers to recognize and encourage prosocial behaviors from their employees. They also need to understand which personality domains contribute to prosocial behavior, which can ultimately have implications for hiring, selection, and training.Ph.D.
Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership
Education
Education PhD
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Krevans, Julia Anne. "Parents' use of inductive discipline : relations with children's empathic responses and prosocial behavior /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487776210796188.
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Kuebel, Laura A. "Effectiveness of a Social Skills Curriculum on Preschool Prosocial Behavior and Emotion Recognition." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1502050398817235.
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Brawley, Lisa. "Situational correlates of overt aggression, relational aggression and prosocial behavior among preschool children /." View abstract, 1999. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1564.html.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1999.Thesis advisor: Laura Levine. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-35).
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"Prosocial Rescue Behavior in Pet Dogs." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.55538.
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abstract: ABSTRACT
Domestic dogs have assisted humans for millennia. However, the extent to which these helpful behaviors are prosocially motivated remains unclear. To assess the propensity of pet dogs to spontaneously and actively rescue distressed humans, this study tested whether sixty pet dogs would release their seemingly trapped owners from a large box. To examine the causal mechanisms that shaped this behavior, the readiness of each dog to open the box was tested in three conditions: 1) the owner sat in the box and called for help (“Distress” test), 2) an experimenter placed high-value food rewards in the box (“Food” test), and 3) the owner sat in the box and calmly read aloud (“Reading” test).
Dogs were as likely to release their distressed owner as to retrieve treats from inside the box, indicating that rescuing an owner may be a highly rewarding action for dogs. After accounting for ability, dogs released the owner more often when the owner called for help than when the owner read aloud calmly. In addition, opening latencies decreased with test number in the Distress test but not the Reading test. Thus, rescuing the owner could not be attributed solely to social facilitation, stimulus enhancement, or social contact-seeking behavior.
Dogs displayed more stress behaviors in the Distress test than in the Reading test, and stress scores decreased with test number in the Reading test but not in the Distress test. This evidence of emotional contagion supports the hypothesis that rescuing the distressed owner was an empathetically-motivated prosocial behavior. Success in the Food task and previous (in-home) experience opening objects were both strong predictors of releasing the owner. Thus, prosocial behavior tests for dogs should control for physical ability and previous experience.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Psychology 2019
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Chao, Su-Ping, and 趙恕平. "The Effects of Prosocial Learning Strategies Program To Promote Preschooler's Prosocial Behavior." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49595180377675047045.
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Doescher, Susan M. "Impact of prosocial classroom and home learning programs on preschool children's prosocial behavior /." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/12318.
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Stefanatos, Arianna Kyra. "Temperamental predictors of prosocial and problem behaviors." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Temperament is widely recognized as an important factor in shaping the trajectory of social and emotional development across childhood. However, the particular mechanisms by which temperamental differences contribute to emergence of early prosocial or problem behaviors have been poorly elucidated. The current study sought to examine the association between various temperamental factors on the emergence of internalizing, externalizing and empathic behaviors in toddlers. Temperament profiles were derived for 38 children, aged 29 to 34 months, based on responses by mothers to questions on the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. Finally, empathic behaviors were measured behaviorally during a laboratory play session. Scores on three temperamental factor scales (negative affect, surgency, and effortful control) were examined in relation to behavioral problems (internalizing/externalizing) and prosocial (global empathy towards mother/experimenter) behaviors using linear correlations and regressions. Higher negative emotionality was linked with increased internalizing and externalizing behaviors, while increased surgency was associated with decreased internalizing behaviors. These results are consistent with prior studies of temperament, supporting the contention that early child temperament significantly contributes to the emergence of behavior problems. No significant interaction effects were found between temperament styles in predicting behavior problems. Additionally, no significant main or interaction effects were found in predicting adaptive behaviors, such as empathic responding. The significance of these results is discussed with respect to our understanding of the etiological pathways to adaptive and maladaptive socioemotional development.text
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Larsen, Greg. "Group Differences in Compassion Fade and Prosocial Behavior." 2017. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/580.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When people learn about a large-scale crisis, they often feel more compassion for its victims when they can fixate on a single, identifiable victim, compared to many victims - a phenomenon known as ‘compassion fade.’ However, throughout the growing compassion fade literature, researchers have mostly given a face to large groups using a single child - a face which may be particularly stirring because children are seen as both likable and incapable of fending for themselves. I conducted two experiments to determine whether the magnitude of this phenomenon varied as a function of characteristics of the victims - namely, how stereotypically likable or capable they are. While these studies indicated that likability stereotypes, rather than capability stereotypes, are more likely to moderate the ‘fade’ of compassion and helping intentions, further replication is necessary to verify these findings.