Дисертації з теми "Protéine de pois"
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Lenne-Bessol, Catherine. "Induction par la chaleur d'une protéine mitochondriale de faible masse moléculaire chez le pois." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10140.
Повний текст джерелаGrelet, Johann. "Identification et caractérisation moléculaire d'une protéine LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) mitochondriale exprimée dans les semences de pois." Angers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ANGE0020.
Повний текст джерелаLEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) proteins belong to a large hydrophilic heat-resistant family, and exhibit repeated motifs in their sequence. The LEA proteins accumulate during seed maturation and disappear upon germination. A number of LEA proteins have been shown to also accumulate in plant tissues in response to ABA and numerous stresses. All the above characteristics support the idea that LEA proteins are involved in desiccation tolerance. They were found in many sub-cellular compartments: nucleus, chloroplasts, cytosol, endoplasmique reticulum, Golgi apparatus. . . But no LEA protein has been described in mitochondria so far. In a survey of pea mitochondrial proteome, a putative seed mitochondrial protein exhibited peptide tag sequence similarities with a soybean LEA-like protein (Bardel et al, 2002). The cDNA encoded this protein (PsLEAm) was cloned and revealed a typical amino-terminal transit peptide in the protein sequence. Biochemical evidence and GFP reporter transient expression in protoplast indicated that PsLEAm was localized in mitochondria matrix space. PsLEAm exhibited most of the LEA family features: heat solubility, high hydrophilicity, repeated motives and accumulation during late maturation. Moreover, exogenous ABA application during seed imbibition and severe water stress in mature plants re-induced PsLEAm expression. To explore the function of PsLEAm in mitochondria, a recombinant mature PsLEAm was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and was then partially purified. The recombinant protein was shown to protect two mitochondrial matrix enzymes, fumarase and rhodanese, during drying in an in vitro assay. Our future efforts will be focused on structural and functional analyses of PsLEAm, which will be a step forward to understanding the protective role that PsLEAm during seed maturation
Tolleter, Dimitri. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle d'une protéine LEA (Late Embryogenesis Abundant) mitochondriale exprimée dans les graines de pois." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346312.
Повний текст джерелаGuerdam, Embarek. "Isolement d'une protéine possédant une activité lipoxygénase et acides gras lyase à partir d'une variété de pois protéagineux." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO301A.
Повний текст джерелаLima, Nascimento Luis Gustavo. "Casein hydrogels : Interaction with bioactive compounds and vegetable proteins." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR029.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHydrogels are three-dimensional networks able to entrap a high amount of water. They can be formed by a wide range of polymers alone or in combination and have different applications depending on their composition and rheological features such as in tissue engineering, drug delivery, or food application. In the food industry, hydrogels are mainly designed to work as a carrier system of bioactive compounds or to tailor the texture, mouthfeel, and water retention of foods. The facility to modulate Casein micelles (CMs) structure and interactions by application of physical, chemical, or enzymatic treatments, makes it an excellent protein matrix for the hydrogel's formulation. Because of the good digestibility of caseins, the use of CMs can be particularly valuable to deliver bioactive by oral ingestion. Moreover, the use of casein hydrogels can be also a way to incorporate more plant proteins into human food. The mixtures of plant proteins with caseins have been viewed as a more sustainable alternative to a diet based mainly on animal proteins. Since, in the mixture, the drawbacks of pure plant protein products, such as beany taste and low solubility, could be potentially diminished by the presence of caseins. Nevertheless, the CMs' interactions with micro molecules such as bioactive compounds or macromolecules such as proteins can alter the features of the gel. Thus, this study proposed the utilization of casein-based hydrogel in two distinct applications, i. in association with bioactive compounds extracted from Jabuticaba fruit with the use of transglutaminase for modulation of gels' microstructure and ii. in association with pea proteins (in different ratios) submitted to process conditions usually applied in the food industry such as thermal treatment and acidification, in addition, high-intensity ultrasounds also were applied to improve the gelling properties of the mixed systems of CMs: pea. The addition of the bioactive extract in the gels decreased the gel elasticity and increase the pore sizes. However, these effects were contra-balanced by using transglutaminase as the crosslinking agent, which could modulate the release of the bioactive extracts from the gel. In the CMs: pea proteins systems, the heat treatment increased the elasticity of the systems with a higher impact in the systems with more pea protein. The network reinforcement is caused mainly by physical interactions between pea proteins, with disulfide bonds occurring only between proteins of the same source. During acidification, the replacement of 20 and 40% of CMs for pea protein disturbed the initial steps of CMs network formation, however, the final gel elasticity was higher than pure CMs gel due to the formation of the pea's network. In general, the proteins of different sources form independent protein networks even in high concentrations. Despite the reduced interaction between CMs and pea proteins, their distribution in the gel is responsible for modulating the final stiffness. In addition, the application of high-intensity ultrasound in the mixed suspensions increased the elasticity of the acid gels up to 10 times, depending on the protein ratio. This study shows that the association of CMs with bioactive molecules or pea proteins in gelled systems has the potential for the development of functional foods or foods with totally new rheological features
Nguyen-Kim, Huan. "Recherche de la fonction de protéines riches en hydroxyproline dans les parois végétales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30067/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe plant primary cell wall is a dynamic envelope involved in development and in response to environmental constraints. It is composed of networks of polysaccharides and proteins to which multi-domain proteins like LRX (Leucine-Rich repeat Extensin) and PAC (Proline-rich Arabinogalactan Protein Cys-containing) domain proteins contribute. This work aimed at finding partners of such proteins in cell walls using different experimental approaches. Proteomics analyses have been performed on proteins extracted from cell walls of roots of wild type or lrx1 plants. They have allowed the identification of 424/434 cell wall proteins of wild type/lrx1 roots respectively as well as of 25 candidate proteins which could play a role in root hair morphogenesis. Besides, PAC domain proteins have been identified in all the studied terrestrial plants using a bioinformatic approach. The appearance of PAC domain proteins could be associated to terrestrialisation. A phylogenic analysis has allowed to group PAC domains in 10 clades, each of them containing a PAC domain of Amborella trichopoda, an ancestor of angiosperms. In addition to the 6 Cys residues which define the PAC domain, conserved motifs have been identified in each clade. This finding opens the way to functional studies. In vitro tests have shown that the PAC domains could interact with different kinds of cell wall polysaccharides. Three types of specificity could be defined towards ß(1,4) galactans/RGI, mannans, xyloglucans and/or cellulose. A new model of molecular interactions in plant cell walls including PAC domain proteins and polysaccharides has been proposed
Bedoussac, Laurent. "Analyse du fonctionnement des performances des associations blé dur-pois d'hiver et blé dur-féverole d'hiver pour la conception d'itinéraires techniques adaptés à différents objectifs de production en systèmes bas-intrants." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7855/1/bedoussac.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBANIEL, ALAIN. "Etude de la variabilite genotypique et phenotypique de la composition proteique du pois (pisum sativum l. )." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2011.
Повний текст джерелаBEN-HDECH, EL-HASSANE. "Texturation d'une farine de pois par cuisson-extrusion : caracterisation microstructurale, ultrastructurale et physico-chimique." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2014.
Повний текст джерелаGharsallaoui, Adem. "Microencapsulation séquentielle d'un système lipidique par des biopolymères végétaux (protéines de pois et pectine) : influence des interactions à l'interface huile / eau." Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOS053.
Повний текст джерелаThe protection and the vectorization of active, food and pharmaceutical molecules, require separating them from their environment by entrapping them in structured matrices able to release them at the precise place and the quite time. When these encapsulation systems are based on dry emulsions, the control of the matrices requires the knowledge of both the properties of the interfacial membranes and those of the drying matrix. The characterization, of the interfacial properties of pea proteins, in presence and absence of pectin, an anionic polyelectrolyte, allows the study of the interactions proteins/pectin at O/W interfaces and their effect on the emulsion stability during spray-drying process. The study of the effect of the properties of the dehydration matrix, maltodextrins, makes it possible to link their interactions with water to the encapsulation efficiency of dry emulsions. The molecular investigation highlights the role of pectin in the stabilization of the secondary structure of pea globulins during drying, which results in a better protection of the encapsulated active molecule. Lastly, the analysis of the release kinetics of a volatile molecule makes it possible to evaluate the barrier properties of the interfacial layers and to identify the release mechanism. The whole of this work at various scales makes it possible to contribute to the understanding of the various mechanisms implied in the emulsion stabilization by multi-layered interfaces containing proteins/polysaccharides, their resistance to spray-drying and finally their capacity to protect fragile compounds
Brisson, Savine. "Caractérisation chimique et propriétés fonctionnelles de la fraction protéique de pois (Pisum sativum) obtenue par turboséparation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL074N.
Повний текст джерелаThe major source of fegume protein used in food industry come from soybean. In france, soybeans are almost not grawn but peas, used for animal feeding, are widely grown. The aim of this work was to valorize the field peas as a source of protein in order to compete with soybeans in food industry. The study of the chemical composition of pea constitue the first part of this word; then the fractionation of pea proteins by air-classification technique was the aim of the second part. The protein enriched fraction obtained by air-classification was then enzymatically hydrolysed. The functional properties of the hydrolysed protein-rich fraction and the non hydrolysed one were compared to toose of the pea flour in order to evaluate the result of air-classification and hydrolysis. The difference of properties between homologous proteins, like soybean, lupine and fababean were studied to estimate the quality of pea proteins
Gauvin, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude de l'extraction des protéines de pois chiche ("Cicer arietinum") en vue d'une application industrielle." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P057.
Повний текст джерелаMession, Jean-Luc. "Influence de l'état protéique sur la dynamique de séparation de phase et de gélification dans un système ternaire aqueux à base de protéines de pois et d'alginate." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825480.
Повний текст джерелаDuval, Frédéric. "Calmodulines et germination chez le pois (Pisum sativum L. ) : aspects biochimiques et moléculaires." Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ANGE0042.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Xu. "Etude de complexes protéine-protéine impliquant la chaperone de bas poids moléculaire HSP 27 : Implications dans le cancer de la prostate." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4031/document.
Повний текст джерелаProstate Cancer (PCa) is one of most common malignancies, being the second leading cause among cancer-related death. Additional therapeutic strategies targeting molecular mechanisms mediating resistance must be developed because of the defects of docetaxel-based treatments. One strategy to improve therapies in advanced PCa involves targeting genes that are activated by androgen withdrawal, either to delay or prevent the emergence of the CR phenotype. The purpose of my thesis is to identify & develop small molecules inhibitors targeting PPIs involved in prostate cancer. we focuses on 2 crucial prostate cancer related proteins, namely, the small molecular weight Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and the Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP). We have validated 2 compounds targeting TCTP by using a "PPI Inhibitor-like" dedicated chemical library. Functional tests are now being developed to evaluate the capacity of such molecules to be proposed as potential compounds against prostate cancer
Bourgeois, Michaël. "Dissection de la composition protéique des graines de pois : plasticité phénotypique et déterminisme génétique." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS054.
Повний текст джерелаEurope has to face important needs for plant proteins for animal nutrition. The pea crop could fulfil these expectations. Nevertheless, seed protein content and seed digestibility, closely linked to protein composition, needs to be improved to increase seed nutritional quality. The objective of this thesis was to provide a fine dissection of pea seed protein composition, to study its phenotypic plasticity and to elucidate its genetic control. By a quantitative proteomics approach, we have produced a 2-de reference map of the pea seed proteome (156 proteins were identified, a major part were storage proteins). The proteome exhibited a high complexity, probably resulting from the expression of multiple genes, as well as storage protein processing during seed development. Over three genotypes and three years of cultivation, the seed proteome displayed an elevated phenotypic plasticity, but the genotype effect was predominant. After having produced a genetic map focusing on functional markers involved in seed quality traits (535 markers in total), we have dissected the genetic determinism of protein composition. Pql (protein quantity loci) of major seed proteins were detected. This genetic determinism appeared complex: 312 pql were found for 191 spots. Common regulation mechanisms were shown, and most of the pql had moderate effects, explaining less than 20% of the variance. These results have allowed us to identify key-regulatory regions underlying the modulation of protein composition. They may constitute interesting targets for the improvement of the nutritional quality of pea seeds. Furthermore, we have proposed candidate genes controlling seed protein composition
Djoullah, Attaf. "Réticulation enzymatique des protéines de pois pour la formation de microparticules : application à l'encapsulation de la riboflavine." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS072/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, pea proteins behavior toward enzymatic gelation by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) was studied at native state and after denaturation (chemical reduction or thermal denaturation). The final application was the formation of protein microparticules to encapsulate riboflavin, chosen as hydrophilic active molecule model. The extraction process of the pea protein fractions has been optimized in such a way to minimize as possible protein denaturation and recover native fractions rich in albumin (Alb) and globulin (Glob) or a mixture of both.The setting up of the enzymatic reaction monitoring methods has brought out their complementarity as well as their limits. Two new monitoring methods of enzymatic cross-linking reaction have been developed. The first one, based on the NMR, allows to the simultaneous determination of the glutamine-lysine isopeptide bond, product of the enzymatic reaction, and the degree of crosslinking; the second method, based on size measuring techniques (SDS-PAGE and DLS), permit to view the intramolecular links. The study of enzymatic treatment applied to pea Alb and Glob at the native and denatured states, as well as thier native mixture showed that the enzymatic reaction is strongly related to the structure and conformation of proteins. Unlike Alb, the Glob fraction is a good substrate to transglutaminase and crosslinking reaction involves different subunits constituting globulins for each treatment condition. However, the Alb can be used as a booster of enzyme reaction which can be an innovative way for improving the proteins susceptibility toward transglutaminase treatment. The mechanism seems to be based on a selective affinity phenomenon. The good mechanical properties and water holding capacity of total pea proteins gel have been exploited to produce microparticles from a water-in-oil emulsion followed by enzymatic gelation. The produced microparticles were practically insoluble in gastrointestinal media in the absence of enzymes and slowly degradable in the presence of enzymes. The release mechanisms of riboflavin in digestive environments are governed by a diffusion phenomenon in the absence of enzymes and by support degradation phenomenon in the presence of enzymes according to kinetics compatible with nutraceutical applications
Smadja, Jimmy. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation de molécules de faible poids moléculaire inhibitrices du système interleukine (IL)-15." Thesis, Nantes Université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NANU4021.
Повний текст джерелаInterleukin (IL)-15, is a pleiotropic cytokine structurally close to IL-2, both sharing the IL-2Rβ and γc receptor subunits. IL-15 plays important roles in innate and adaptative immunity, supporting the activation and proliferation of NK, NK-T, and CD8+ T cells. In case of dysregulation, high levels of IL-15 have been detected, leading to abnormal immune responses and autoimmune or inflammatory diseases such as polyarthritis rheumatoid or psoriasis. Hence, our goal is to synthesize small molecule inhibitors that bind specifically to IL15 on the IL-2Rᵝ interface. Herein, we describe two new families of IL-15 inhibitors. Taking advantage of our previous work, extending modifications were done on our first series called IBI. On a second time, we applied a similar docking-based virtual screening of compounds libraries on a refined pharmacophore-based on IL-15 specific residues identified on the binding site of IL-15 with IL- 2R giving so our second family named IBIS. These series of compounds were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the binding to IL-15 to its cognate receptor, as well as the down-stream signaling of IL-15-dependent cells and their proliferation
Le, Gall Maud. "Digestion des protéines de pois chez le porcelet et le porc en croissance : carctérisation des peptides résistants à la digestion." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NSARB161.
Повний текст джерелаThe incorporation of pea in animal feed is limited by the low nutritional quality of the raw meal. This has long been ascribed to the presence of a limiting amount of essential sulphur amino acids and the poor digestibility of proteins caused by the presence of antinutritional factors in the seed. Our studies showed that the major pea storage proteins, globulins, are well digested in the pig. The α polypeptide of legumin is totally hydrolysed by pepsin while the β polypeptide and vicilin are digested by pancreatic and intestinal enzymes only. Proteins from the albumin fraction are more resistant to digestion. The lectin and the albumin PA1b are totally resistant in the gastrointestinal tract. By contrast, the susceptibility of the major albumin PA2 to digestion is influenced by different factors. It is totally hydrolysed by pepsin while being partly resistant to pancreatic and intestinal enzymes. Consequently, for a gastric retention time below 3 hours, a cleaved PA2 peptide of 15 kDa escapes gastric and small intestinal digestion. Pea particle size reduction and heating enhance susceptibility to digestion by increasing protein accessibility to enzymes
Dumont, Estelle. "Tolérance au gel après acclimatation au froid chez le pois : identification de protéines et cartographie de PQL et QTL." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10037/document.
Повний текст джерелаCoId acclimation is the process whereby plants, previously exposed to low positive temperatures, are sUbsequently able to tolerate frost. This phenomenon was studied under controlled conditions in pea (Pisum sativum L.) in two Iines: Champagne, frost tolerant after cold acclimation and Terese, frost sensitive even if previously submitted to a cold acclimation period. Leaf, stem and root proteomes were analysed. Thirty five per cent of the identified differentially expressed proteins in leaves and stems during the cold acclimation period were involved in photosynthesis and glycolysis. ln stems, 25% were identified as folding proteins and ir roots, 47% were involved in the defense response. The raffinose, sucrose, glucose and citrate contents increased in Champagne leaves, stems and roots during the cold acclimation. ln contrast, the levels of these compounds were low in non-acclimated Champagne as weil as in Terese submitted to the cold acclimation period or not. Metabolite levels were also determined on the recombinant inbred lines (RIL) resulting from the cross between Champagne and Terese. Subsequent analyses permitted the detection of potential cold acclimation explicative OTL. ln particular, raffinose content QTL were colocalized with frost da mage QTL on the linkage groups 5 and 6. POL were also detected with the study of RtL leaf proteome. A number of these PQL colocalized with the previously detected QTL. The data obtained using these different approaches allowed us to propose hypothezises potentially explaining the mechanisms used by Champagne to tolerate frost
Fortier, Pierre-Louis. "Préparation et étude par spectroscopie RMN homo et hétéronucléaire de protéines de poids moléculaire élevé." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPXX0015.
Повний текст джерелаEl, youssef Cynthia. "Sensory benefits provided by selected microorganisms for the fermentation of plant matrices." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB027.
Повний текст джерелаThe new food trend in favor of the increasing consumption of plant proteins is mainly linked to the negative effects of products of animal origin on health and environment. To meet consumers’ needs, agro-food industries are working on the development of plant protein-based products.Among the different sources of proteins, pea (Pitsum sativum) offers environmental, technological and nutritional advantages. However, its use in the formulation of products remains strongly hampered by the presence of off-flavors, described mainly as “beany”, “green” and “vegetable”. Fermentation is one of the means that could be chosen to modify the quality of these products.Therefore, this research consisted of studying the impact of fermentation on the sensory perception of a pea protein yoghurt-like product. Microbiological, physico-chemical and sensory methods were implemented.The molecules responsible for off flavors in the unfermented matrix were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Aldehydes, particularly hexanal, furans, alcohols and ketones are the major molecules present in this initial matrix.A variety of preselected microorganisms were cultured on this matrix, and their acidification and aromatization capacities were evaluated. Consortia of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were selected, based on the desired functionalities that each provides.The modification of the sensory perception of fermented products was confirmed by sensory analyses. The origin of this improvement might be related to the production of fruity aromas by the yeasts and / or the degradation of off-flavors.In order to get a better understanding of this phenomenon, sensory analyses on model solutions of the targeted molecules (recombination and omission experiments) were performed.In parallel, molecular fingerprinting by gas chromatography coupled with olfactometry were carried out on the fermented products.Hence, the produced esters by yeasts played a decisive role in improving the sensory perception of pea protein fermented products. Regarding the molecules responsible for defects, the dominant impact of certain molecules including hexanal and 2-pentylfuran has been highlighted. Nevertheless, the effect of other off-flavor molecules, remaining in the fermented matrix, still needs further exploration. In particular, the perception threshold in these matrices needs to be determined and the interaction effects require exploration.To conclude, this industrial thesis allowed to file a patent pertaining to the development of an innovative ingredient, resulting from the combination of a fermentation process and stabilization by drying
Page, David. "Amélioration génétique de la réserve protéique de la graine de pois : hérédité de sa composition et étude moléculaire du locus tri, "candidat" QTL de l'activité antitrypsique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL045N.
Повний текст джерелаPreville, Xavier. "Fonction protectrice des protéines de stress de faible poids moléculaire : relations avec le glutathion et son métabolisme." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10033.
Повний текст джерелаMasgrau, Aurélie. "Caractérisation du métabolisme protéique musculaire au cours de l'obésité et lors de la perte de poids." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF1MM07.
Повний текст джерелаObesity - characterized by lipid accumulation in adipose tissue and in peripheral tissues such as liver and skeletal muscles - leads to metabolic dysfunction of these tissues. In the long term, although it is frequently reported an increase in lean mass, obesity is accompanied by a loss of muscle mass. Weight loss has a positive impact on comorbidities associated with obesity. However, when it was induced by dietary restriction, it may be associated with muscle mass loss. The association of physical activity to food restriction may limit muscle mass loss. Metabolically, muscle mass depends essentially on proteins turnover, i.e. protein synthesis and breakdown. Therefore, the aim of the thesis work was to characterize changes in muscle protein metabolism, especially changes in protein synthesis, during obesity development and weight loss induced by a low-fat-diet with or without endurance exercise. The first study has shown that there are two distinct phases in the development of obesity in rats. The first is associated with body weight and muscle mass gains and an increase in myofibrillar and mitochondrial proteins synthesis rate (FSR), specifically in glycolytic muscle tibialis anterior, in postabsorptive state. Oxidative muscle soleus was not affected. The second phase is associated with body weight stabilization, reduced muscle mass and a decrease in the mitochondrial proteins FSR in the tibialis anterior. The second study has shown that isocaloric low-fat-diet or the practice of regular endurance exercise do not prevent muscle mass loss induced by obesity, unlike the combination of both treatments. Exercise alone or associated with high-fat diet stimulates the FSR of myofibrillar proteins actin in tibialis anterior muscle, but exercise stimulates the FSR of myofibrillar and mitochondrial proteins in the oxidative muscle soleus only when it is associated with lipid restriction. In conclusion, this study has shown firstly that muscle protein synthesis in postabsorptive state and muscle mass are differently affected depending on the stage of obesity development, and, secondly that muscle protein synthesis in postabsorptive state is differently affected depending on muscle typology. On the other hand, exercise has a beneficial effect on muscle mass and protein synthesis, but this "anabolic" effect is limited by the high-fat, high-sucrose diet. To transpose these data in humans, a clinical study that examines the effect of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on muscle protein metabolism has been established and is currently underway
Samra, Assem. "Recherche de protéines reliées a la symbiose endomycorhizienne chez des pois (Pisum sativum L. ) compatibles (myc#+) et résistant (myc#-) et cinétique d'induction des endomycorhizines." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS064.
Повний текст джерелаWakkel, Manel. "Contribution à l'étude de la séparation des protéines par chromatographie d'échange d'ions en milieu complexe. Effet du poids moléculaire sur l'équilibre et la cinétique de rétention." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0023/document.
Повний текст джерелаBioseparations from crude media, vegetable or biological, is a large and complex subject. Future industrial issues depend ontheir understanding and development, namely for biotechnological processes as downstream processes represent up to 80 %of their total cost. This work hopes to contribute to these general questions. It is justified by previous results obtained in thelaboratory showing that it is possible to recover a high molecular weight (HMW) protein from a complex vegetal juice in justone chromatographic operation. Hypotheses have been formulated, to which this work tries to answer: what mechanism couldexplain this behaviour? Is-there a specific location inside particles for the uptake of such protein, facilitating the recoveryduring elution step? Our objective has been to progress on the knowledge of fundamental questions concerning ion-exchangechromatography and their applications for proteins recovery from complex media. The effect of the other proteins in solutionhas been analysed, specifically in the situation where both proteins have a very different molecular weight, as in the previouscited work. Theoretical and experimental approaches, at various scales, have been applied or developed on real or syntheticsystems in order to answer some of these questions. At the process scale, a statistical method for data analysis (PrincipalComponent Analysis or PCA) has been applied. The complete interpretation of its results remains very hard. At thelaboratory scale, equilibrium and kinetics of ion exchange have been studied for synthetic solutions of two proteins: bovineserum albumin (BSA) (as reference protein widely studied), and ferritin (iron storage protein) having similar isoelectric pointas BSA but with higher molecular weight. Classical models for ion-exchange kinetics can explain the experimental results,even for HMW proteins. Mass transfer fluxes seem to be coupled for both proteins, even if they have usually very differentdiffusivities. The interpretation of equilibrium results is much more difficult. Equilibrium uptake of ferritin is not, or lightly,influenced by salt concentration or BSA content. Nevertheless, the presence of ferritin in the medium affects strongly BSAequilibrium uptake (however more favourable). Among the phenomena suggested in the literature, the Vroman effect hasbeen researched but it does not take place under the experimental conditions applied. Simulation of multi-componentisotherms has not been possible by classical models (such as multi-component Langmuir isotherm), while protein isothermsin single solution are standard. Besides, a partial blockage of the resin pores by ferritin is possible, preventing BSA diffusion.Therefore, a methodology has been developed at the microscopic scale, with the aim to observe concentration profiles forrepresentatives elements (P, Fe, Cl …) inside particles. The method, well developed, does not allow to conclude for themoment, because the probes used were not sensible enough
Alary, Rémi. "Isolement, caractérisation et importance technologique de deux gluténines de faible poids moléculaire chez le blé dur." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20010.
Повний текст джерелаDelmas, Françoise. "Caractérisation de la protéine de stress de faible poids moléculaire Lo18, induite au cours de la réponse adaptative chez la bactérie lactique Oenococcus oeni." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS006.
Повний текст джерелаRomillac, Nicolas. "Effets de l’introduction du pois dans une succession de cultures sur certaines communautés végétales et bactériennes et leurs fonctions écosystémiques associées." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0266/document.
Повний текст джерелаCrops species modify resources availability and perturbation regimes perceived by the communities of organisms residing in the agroecosystems and, as a consequence, can lead to alteration of ecosystem functions useful to crop production, such as nitrogen and sulfur mineralization or crop-weeds competition, realized by weeds or microorganisms. Our objective was to study the effect of a legume, pea, when introduced in a crop succession, on weed communities and microbial communities involved in protein decomposition and sulfate ester mineralization, which are the main forms of N and S, respectively, in agricultural soils. To do so, we performed experiments in controlled conditions used data from a 5-years field experiment. In controlled conditions, we showed that pea during its development modify through its root functional traits several enzymatic activities involved in N decomposition/mineralization. However, in the field experiment, climatic factors were the main drivers of the microbial communities involved in N and S decomposition/mineralization. Moreover, pea selected weed communities that were functionally different from weed communities growing in other crops such as oilseed rape. However, this effect did not persist under the following crop. As a conclusion, our results suggest that pea modifications of microbial communities are weak compared to other factors such as climatic factors. However, pea effects on weed communities are strong but short lived. Those results highlight the complementarity of microcosm and field experiments, and the necessity of long term field experiments to take into account climate variability
Ben, Harb Salma. "Formuler des consortia microbiens pour piloter les propriétés sensorielles de gels à base de protéines de pois : Mieux comprendre l’effet de la matrice et des communautés microbiennes sur les propriétés sensorielles." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA045/document.
Повний текст джерелаWestern food systems are not sustainable in terms of environmental impacts and health effects. One solution is to revisit consumption patterns by favoring products based on plant proteins. However, one of the barriers to the introduction plant proteins in our diet is their sensory defects which can be obstacles for the acceptability of products by consumers. Fermentation is an ancient process that could be a solution to this sensory issue. In this context, the aim of this PhD thesis is to study the sensory benefits provided by the fermentation of plant protein-based gels using selected microbial consortia. In order to accomplish this, a strategy combining sensory analyzes, microbiology and physicochemistry was implemented. Two types of matrices containing 10% protein and 10% rapeseed oil were studied: the first consists of 100% pea protein and the second consists of a mixture of milk proteins (50%) and pea proteins (50%).Based on knowledge of the matrix and the functional properties of microorganisms, 56 microbial strains were selected. A reasoned strategy of assembly of these strains was put in place, based on the balanced distribution according to their phylogenetic group, but also on the expert knowledge of the desired aromatic functions. In parallel, several gelling processes were studied to structure the gels. In the first step, the fermentation was studied on non-gelled emulsions to allow the selection of specific microbial communities for each matrix. In the second step, the adaptation and functioning potential of the selected ecosystems were studied on gelled emulsions. The growth and abundance of microorganisms in the gels after three and seven days of fermentation were evaluated on a specific growing medium and the aromatic potential of the consortia was mapped by a sensory panel. In the final section of this study, the sensory defects / benefits of fermentation were studied from a sensorial and analytical point of view. The results show a highpotential for implantation of lactic acid bacteria and the majority of eukaryotes (in particular Mucor and Geotrichum) for the mixed emulsion and for the vegetable emulsion. Although strains belonging to the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria groups are not competitive with endogenous flora (Bacillus), certain species such as Hafnia alvei, Acinetobacter johnsonii and Glutamicibacter arilaitensis, have shown strong growth when inoculated into associations. Specific aromatic notes for each emulsion were generated to mask the green note characteristic of peas. Thus, two consortia were selected on the basis of lactic and fruity notes for the vegetable emulsion (VEGAN), and fruity notes for the mixed emulsion (MEGAN). The adaptation potential of these two consortia depended on the composition and structure of the gel. Thus, the VEGAN consortium seems well suited for vegetable gels and generates roasted / grilled notes, while it generates dairy notes (fresh cream / fresh curd) in the mixed gels. The MEGAN consortium implements itself very well in both types of gels, generating cheesy and fruity notes in the mixed gel, but does not mask the green notes in the vegetable gels. The sensory defects attributed to green notes and bitterness are mainly related to the presence of aldehydes and hydrophobic amino acids respectively, but still need to be deepened. This study validated a proof of concept of formulation of fermented food products and will create opportunities for innovation
Caron, Juliette. "Devenir des peptides bioactifs générés au cours de la digestion gastro-intestinale d’une protéine agroalimentaire et leurs rôles dans la régulation de l’homéostasie énergétique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10172/document.
Повний текст джерелаDietary proteins already gave evidence to generate a strong satiety feeling when entering the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by stimulating gut hormone secretion such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1). Moreover, GI digestion of various protein sources has proved to release bioactive peptides which may inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity, an ubiquitous enzyme responsible for inactivating GLP-1. Considering the great potential of dietary proteins, there is a need to understand how GI digestion can generate bioactive peptides involved in energy homeostasis. Bovine haemoglobin was here chosen as a model protein. CCK and GLP-1 secretion enhancing properties as well as DPP-IV inhibition potential of the resultant digests were investigated. The first part of this work dealt with setting up a simulated GI digestion protocol and characterising resultant digests by various analytical tools. Peptide mappings and heat maps were designed to represent each digest. Then, bioactive potentials of the digests were investigated and the final intestinal digest stood up by combining the best DPP-IV inhibitory and CCK and GLP-1 enhancing properties. Successive fractionation steps succeed in isolating a couple of bioactive fractions. The use of an intestinal barrier model aimed at predicting peptide transport of one specific bioactive fraction and its consequences on fraction bioactivity. Lastly, peptide sequences from the most bioactive fractions were characterised and their related ways of action were studied
Alvarez, Sophie. "Modifications du protéome et variations de la composition en métabolites : sucres solubles, amidon, acides organiques et proline, au cours de l'acclimatation au froid associées à la tolérance au gel du pois." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-87-88.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSarem, Mahrou. "Identification dans les sérums de mammifères de peptides (MW< 1000 DA) à activité mitogénique : influence de ces peptides sur les activités biologiques des IGF1 et IGF2." Nancy 1, 2000. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01746897.
Повний текст джерелаTherriault, Audrey. "Effets d’une diète hypocalorique contrôlée en protéines lors d’un programme de perte de poids combiné ou non à un entraînement musculaire sur la composition corporelle chez les femmes ménopausées, obèses et sédentaires." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7576.
Повний текст джерелаMerand, Louvet Véronique. "Développement du couplage de la chromatographie liquide avec la spectrométrie de masse par l'interface FAB à flux continu : caractérisation des protéines H, T et L du complexe de la glycine décarboxylase des mitochondries de feuilles de pois." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10078.
Повний текст джерелаDiribarne, Mathieu. "Identification du gène et de la mutation causale responsables du caractère rex chez le lapin." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0015.
Повний текст джерелаThe rex rabbit trait “autosomal recessive” induces a plush-like fur essentially composed of awn hair with high economic value (the coat is orylag®). The rex gene was identified on the chromosome 14, this gene is LIPH. By sequencing this gene, a deletion of one nucleotide in exon 9 (1362delA) was identified in a homozygous state in the rex rabbits. The mutation was found in total association with the rex phenotype. We shown by qPCR that in rex rabbits skin the expression level of LIPH is 3 times less than that observed in the wild phenotype since the three critical fetal stages of hair genesis with no apparent interference on follicle development. These results were confirmed by in situ hybridization and immunochemistry analysis on skin cross-sections. We also bring evidence that LIPH is not much expressed in the IRS (Internal Root Sheath) of the hair follicles in the rex and orylag® rabbits. We have also shown that the mutant protein has a reduced activity of 1. 5 compared to the wild one. These results contribute to the characterization of the metabolism of the hair follicle for which rabbit is an excellent model. They draw lines of reflexion for developments in humans and for selection criteria to improve the fur quality of orylag® rabbits
Biteau, Flore. "Production de protéines recombinantes par des plantes carnivores génétiquement transformées : application à Drosera rotundifolia et transfert de la technologie à Nepenthes alata." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL022N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work focuses on the development of a new innovating technology, called PAT Friday®, aiming at producing recombinant proteins into the extra-foliar fluid of modified carnivorous plants. Two objectives were assigned to this work : 1- to realize a proof of concept of the technology on the experimental model Drosera rotundifolia, transformed with marker and human genes, to confirm the occurence of the recombinant proteins into glu ; and 2 - to evaluate and develop, the technology on the model Nepenthes alata, more adapted to industrial scaling-up. The results indicate the presence of two marker proteins GUS and GFP inside the tissues and into the glu of modified Drosera rotundifolia plants. The same plant species has also been transformed with human gamma interferon and intrinsic factor genes. The corresponding human recombinant proteins have been detected into the plant tissues. Potential industrial scaling-up has been studied with the species Nepenthes alata. The results show a potential productivity of 10 to 15 kg of total proteins per hectare per year, thanks to non-destructive repeated harvests, and possibility to efficiently control the natural proteinase activity. The elaboration of a regeneration protocol has been undertaken through indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, with a view to transform genetically this plant. PAT Friday® technology, with simplified extraction and purification methods of the proteins of interest targeted into the liquid secretions, opens new perspectives in the field of therapeutical proteins produced in plants
Sauvion, Nicolas. "Effets et modes d'action des deux lectines à mannose sur le puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) - Potentiel d'utilisation des lectines végétales pour la création de plantes transgéniques résistantes aux pucerons." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007006.
Повний текст джерелаLes caractéristiques toxicologiques de nombreuses protéines sont évaluées par des tests d'ingestion sur milieux artificiels définis. Des lectines d'origine végétale se liant au mannose présentent des propriétés toxiques intéressantes. Notre étude porte sur la Concanavaline A (lectine de Canavalia ensiformis [L.] DC, ConA) qui est une lectine modèle très étudiée du point de vue biochimique, et la lectine du perce-neige (Galanthus nivalis L., GNA) dont les caractéristiques en font un bon candidat à l'application envisagée.
Nous mettons en évidence une variabilité de la toxicité des lectines à mannose chez six espèces de pucerons. La ConA est moins active sur les espèces polyphages. Elle n'est pas phagorépulsive pour notre puceron modèle, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) et agit en quelques heures aux doses moyennes, notamment en inhibant l'ingestion. Une adaptation comportementale à moyen terme (24 h-48 h) est également mise en évidence. Des techniques de marquage révèlent que la cible physiologique primaire de la ConA est la portion antérieure du mésentéron. Elle s'y fixe en très grande quantité. Après liaison aux cellules épithéliales, la lectine induit une hypertrophie de ces cellules et un détachement de leur membrane apicale. Des expériences de compétition lectines/mannosides indiquent que la liaison toxine-épithélium ne semble pas dépendre uniquement d'une interaction sucre-lectine. Nous observons également une forte perturbation du métabolisme des acides aminés des pucerons. Le mode d'action de la ConA et de la GNA diffèrent sensiblement sur ce point.
Les premiers tests biologiques effectués sur des pommes de terre transgéniques exprimant de manière constitutive le gène de la GNA sont variables mais prometteurs.
Rajoelina, Jasmin Armand. "Essai de purification et de caractérisation d'un facteur de croissance de petit poids moléculaire à partir de fractions sanguines humaines (FC-PPM)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10354.
Повний текст джерелаFaucher, Didier. "Inhibiteurs naturels de métalloproteinases : relations structure-activité." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR3805.
Повний текст джерелаStojko, Johann. "Nouvelles méthodologies en spectrométrie de masse native et mobilité ionique pour la caractérisation structurale de macrobiomolécules et de leurs complexes associés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis aims at developing methods in native mass spectrometry (MS) combined with ion mobility (IM-MS) to characterize protein-ligand complexes and large protein assemblies. Fine-tuning of instrumental settings allowed expanding the scope of these approaches in structural biology. Real-time monitoring of protein-ligand complexes by native MS and IM-MS enabled to screen their binding properties while depicting subtle conformational changes induced upon binding. Applying these methods to refractory multi-protein complexes provided insights about their topology, making structural modeling easier. Finally, benefits from high-resolution native MS were highlighted through the characterization of heterogeneous systems, including monoclonal antibodies and their drug conjugates. Here, these developments enable to push some technical limits one step forward, increasing the potential of native MS and IM-MS both in academic research and pharmaceutical industry
Persic, Ana. "Modalités de contamination par les polluants organiques persistants des réseaux trophiques lagunaires. Application de la méthode des isotopes stables." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008851.
Повний текст джерелаBadeau, Mylene. "Effets d'un antioxydant, le tempol, sur les actions métaboliques et vasculaires de l'insuline chez le rat insulino-résistant avec un surplus de poids. Effets de l'insuline sur le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique, la réactivité vasculaire, l'expression des protéines eNOS, le stress oxydatif et les effets hémodynamiques régionaux." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23727/23727.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаIn the Western hemisphere, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been growing at an alarming rate. Their consequences on public health, economic situation and population’s future are major. My research project at the Master degree was designed to characterize metabolic and vascular dysfunctions elicited in a rat model fed a high fat and high sucrose diet, and to examine in this animal model the effect of a chronic treatment with the antioxidant, tempol. Our results indicate that treatment with tempol significantly improves insulin sensitivity measured during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, reduces weight gain, increases endothelium eNOS protein expression (confocal microscopy) and reduces nitrotyrosine formation in aortas. An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity in skeletal muscles and in vascular reactivity were also noted. These results not only suggest the presence of a close link between diet, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress and eNOS, but also indicate the ability of treatment with tempol to significantly improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial functions in this rat model.
Badeau, Mylène, and Mylène Badeau. "Effets d'un antioxydant, le tempol, sur les actions métaboliques et vasculaires de l'insuline chez le rat insulino-résistant avec un surplus de poids. Effets de l'insuline sur le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique, la réactivité vasculaire, l'expression des protéines eNOS, le stress oxydatif et les effets hémodynamiques régionaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18703.
Повний текст джерелаParmi la population nord-américaine, les cas de diabète de type 2 et d’obésité ont atteint des niveaux alarmants. Leurs conséquences sur la santé publique, la vie économique et l’avenir des populations sont majeures. Mon projet de maîtrise avait pour but de caractériser les dérèglements métaboliques et vasculaires suscités chez le rat soumis à une alimentation riche en gras saturés et en sucre raffinés, et à examiner les effets d’un antioxydant (tempol). Nos résultats indiquent qu’un traitement avec tempol améliore la sensibilité à l’insuline mesurée lors de clamp euglycémique hyperinsulinémique, réduit le gain de poids, augmente l’expression endothéliale de eNOS (estimée par microscopie confocale) et diminue la quantité de protéines nitrotyrosinées dans l’aorte. Il améliore aussi le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique et la réactivité vasculaire in vitro. Ces résultats suggèrent non seulement une association étroite entre la diète, les maladies cardiovasculaires, le stress oxydatif et eNOS, mais démontrent aussi l’efficacité du tempol à améliorer la sensibilité à l’insuline et la fonction endothéliale dans ce modèle animal.
In the Western hemisphere, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been growing at an alarming rate. Their consequences on public health, economic situation and population’s future are major. My research project at the Master degree was designed to characterize metabolic and vascular dysfunctions elicited in a rat model fed a high fat and high sucrose diet, and to examine in this animal model the effect of a chronic treatment with the antioxidant, tempol. Our results indicate that treatment with tempol significantly improves insulin sensitivity measured during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, reduces weight gain, increases endothelium eNOS protein expression (confocal microscopy) and reduces nitrotyrosine formation in aortas. An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity in skeletal muscles and in vascular reactivity were also noted. These results not only suggest the presence of a close link between diet, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress and eNOS, but also indicate the ability of treatment with tempol to significantly improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial functions in this rat model.
In the Western hemisphere, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been growing at an alarming rate. Their consequences on public health, economic situation and population’s future are major. My research project at the Master degree was designed to characterize metabolic and vascular dysfunctions elicited in a rat model fed a high fat and high sucrose diet, and to examine in this animal model the effect of a chronic treatment with the antioxidant, tempol. Our results indicate that treatment with tempol significantly improves insulin sensitivity measured during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, reduces weight gain, increases endothelium eNOS protein expression (confocal microscopy) and reduces nitrotyrosine formation in aortas. An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity in skeletal muscles and in vascular reactivity were also noted. These results not only suggest the presence of a close link between diet, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress and eNOS, but also indicate the ability of treatment with tempol to significantly improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial functions in this rat model.
Lebeau, Catherine. "Néphrotoxicité des acides aristolochiques: approches expériementales de l'atteinte tubulaire proximale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210825.
Повний текст джерела\
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Benlashehr, Imad. "Fumonisin toxicity in ducks and turkeys." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0070/document.
Повний текст джерелаFumonisins (FBs) are the major mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum, which are found worldwide in maize and maize products. FBs toxic dose and clinical signs of toxicity vary from one species to another. FBs toxicity is commonly linked to their ability on blocking sphingolipids metabolism in all animal species, including avian species. Previous studies have demonstrated that ducks exhibit higher sensitivity to FBs toxicity than turkeys, whereas, the accumulation of sphinganine (Sa) in tissues is more pronounced in turkeys than in ducks. The objectives of our works were to investigate the causes which lead to different toxicity between ducks and turkeys to FBs exposure. The following three hypotheses were investigated: i) Toxicokinetics of fumonisin B2 in ducks and turkeys. ii) Ability of bird cells to protect themselves against high accumulation of free sphingolipids by increasing their catabolism (phosphorylation). iii) Other toxicity mechanisms of FBs rather than their alteration of sphingolipids metabolism (oxidative stress damage and inflammatory responses). The analysis of toxicokinetic parameters of fumonisin B2 did not provide a significant difference between ducks and turkeys. The measurement of simultaneous toxicity of FBs in ducks and turkeys confirmed higher sensibility of ducks. Also the accumulation of Sphingasine-1-Phosphate (Sa1P) in the liver correlated with the amount of Sa but not parameters of hepatic toxicity. Moreover, this study revealed that the amount of Sa in the liver was strongly dependent on the amount of FBs. On the other hand, FBs had no effect on oxidative damages parameters in both species. Interestingly, FBs had mild inflammatory response effect in ducks but not in turkeys. Further investigation on the effects of FBs on ceramide metabolism and inflammatory processes would be necessary to understand the different toxicity between ducks and turkeys to FBs exposure
Castro, Gutierrez Natalia. "Incorporation and release of organic volatile compounds in a bio-based matrix by twin-screw extrusion." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16006/1/Castro_Natalia.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDe, pascali Francesco. "Allosteric modulation of follicle stimulating hormone receptor and GPR54 : new tools to study signalling." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4030.
Повний текст джерелаGPR54 and FSHR regulate reproduction by acting on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads (HPG) axis. Acting in the hypothalamus, GPR54 is an upstream regulator of the axis whereas FSHR controls gametogenesis in both sexes. They represents two major pharmacological targets for the treatment of fertility-related problems. Both GPR54 and FSHR belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamilly. GPR54 preferentially activates the Gαq/PLC/Ca2+ pathway whereas FSHR mainly activates the Gαs/PKA/cAMP pathway. Both receptors recruit and activate β-arrestins. Increasing number pharmacological profiles have been reported to act on GPCR. Indeed biased ligands capable of preferentially eliciting a subset of the full signalling repertoire, compared to the endogenous ligand are discovered at a high rate. Orthosteric and allosteric ligands can both induce biased signalling by stabilizing specific receptor conformations. Therapeutically, biased ligand have demonstrated the potential to avoid side effects while still activating the signalling pathways leading to therapeutic effects. Moreover, allosteric ligands allow positive or negative modulation of a receptor while keeping the temporal information provided by the endogenous ligand. Until recently, such diverse and valuable pharmacological tools were not available for FSHR and GPR54. The aim of this thesis was to identify allosteric ligands at the FSHR and GPR54 and to characterize their biased signalling. In the first section, we pharmacological characterized a panel of low molecular weight ligands, recently reported to allosterically activate the FSHR and belonging to two chemical classes. We profiled their actions on different signalling pathways in living HEK293 cells expressing different biosensors. We demonstrated each of these compounds induced biased signalling at the FSHR compared to FSH. Using different cell models, we confirmed that system bias is a crucial confounding factor in bias determination. We also identified limit cases in which the operational model did not allow to calculated bias factors. In parallel, we characterized two novel compounds belonging to chemical classes that were not yet reported to activate FSHR. We demonstrated that they were allosteric and that their biased profiles were distinct from the compounds characterized in the first study. In second section of the thesis, we selected and pharmacological characterized nanobodies targeting GPR54 and FSHR. We identified a nanobody that behaved as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) at the GPR54. We also identified a nanobody against FSHR. This nanobody displayed striking biased properties as it was negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for cAMP production but PAM for β-arrestin 2 recruitment. In the last section of the thesis, we attempted to develop nanobody-drug conjugates (NDC) by linking our nanobodies to agonists - either kisspeptin or one of the low molecular weight agonist of the FSHR - through a flexible linker. Though we did not have time to achieve a proof of concept for NDC, we believe that such hybrid compound could represent at minimum a promising research tools. As a whole, this thesis provides novel pharmacological tools that should allow deciphering the relative contributions of the different transduction mechanisms operating at the FSHR and GPR54, in vivo, in the reproductive function. This work also opens possible avenues for future therapeutic strategies in the control of reproduction in farm animals and in reproductive medicine
Jean, Catherine. "Activité antimicrobienne de peptides provenant d’hydrolysats de protéines de babeurre, de lactoferrine et de pois." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13385.
Повний текст джерелаAntibiotics are frequently used in poultry feed in order to prevent certain diseases, including necrotic enteritis, which causes the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics. A promising alternative is the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as dietary supplements, such as AMPs from dairy products. The objective of this project was to develop a production method for the extraction peptides, from co-produced food processing (buttermilk, lactoferrin, pea protein isolates). These peptides were tested for the detection of antimicrobial activity on the following specific poultry pathogens; Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Proteins were suspended in water (5% w/w) and pepsin hydrolyzed by pepsin for 6 hours at pH 2.5. Peptides were recovered by ultrafiltration (< 10 kDa) and fractionated based on the basis of their ionic charges: total, cationic, anionic and unbound peptides, to specifically target the fractions with antimicrobial activities. Bacterial survival was measured in contact with different peptides concentrations. Cationic buttermilk extracts were effective at a concentration less or equal to 5 mg / mL; loss of 3 log for Escherichia coli O78: H80, compared with lactoferrin which was effective at a concentration less than or equal to 0.6 mg / mL; loss of 6 log for E. coli O78: H80. The peptide extracts from pea showed low efficiency. The use of antimicrobial peptides, from buttermilk, lactoferrin and peas, is promising for the development of an alternative or a complement to reduce antimicrobial use.