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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 червня 2022

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1

Dalglish, Sarah L., Sarah Straubinger, Justine A. Kavle, Lacey Gibson, Evariste Mbombeshayi, Jimmy Anzolo, Kerry Scott, and Michel Pacqué. "Who are the real community health workers in Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo?" BMJ Global Health 4, no. 4 (July 2019): e001529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001529.

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Recent years have seen increasing momentum towards task shifting of basic health services, including using community health workers (CHW) to diagnose and treat common childhood illnesses. Yet few studies have examined the role of traditional healers in meeting families’ and communities’ health needs and liaising with the formal health system. We examine these issues in Tshopo Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country with high rates of child mortality (104 deaths per 1000 live births). We conducted 127 in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions with a range of community members (mothers, fathers and grandmothers of children under 5 years of age) and health providers (CHWs, traditional healers, doctors and nurses) on topics related to care seeking and case management for childhood illness and malnutrition, and analysed them iteratively using thematic content analysis. We find significant divergence between biomedical descriptions of child illness and concepts held by community members, who distinguished between local illnesses and so-called ‘white man’s diseases.’ Traditional healers were far less costly and more geographically accessible to families than were biomedical health providers, and usually served as families’ first recourse after home care. Services provided by traditional healers were also more comprehensive than services provided by CHWs, as the traditional medicine sphere recognised and encompassed care for ‘modern’ diseases (but not vice versa). Meanwhile, CHWs did not receive adequate training, supervision or supplies to provide child health services. Considering their accessibility, acceptability, affordability and ability to recognise all domains of illness (biomedical and spiritual), traditional healers can be seen as the de facto CHWs in Tshopo Province. National and international health policymakers should account for and involve this cadre of health workers when planning child health services and seeking to implement policies and programmes that genuinely engage with community health systems.

2

van Vliet, Nathalie, Jonas Kambale Nyumu, Sagasse Nziavake, Jonas Muhindo, Evi A. D. Paemelaere, and Robert Nasi. "How Do Local Folks Value Wild Meat, and Why It Matters? A Study in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Human Ecology 50, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-021-00275-4.

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AbstractWe elucidate the value orientations (VOs) towards wild meat/wildlife in the Tshopo Province of the Democratic Republic of Congo, distinguishing between the provincial capital and rural areas. Based on stories prompted by four primary emotions, the most frequently encountered VOs were: concern for safety, nutrition and taste, and caring/respect. Rural people were more likely to express anthropocentric VOs. However, their stories did not necessarily associate negatively with caring/respect, suggesting that wildlife users may also be sensitive to biocentric values. Age, gender, and wealth were good predictors for biocentric VOs, with young women from the city more likely to express biocentric values. VOs and emotions related differently to specific wildlife species. Mutualism was not frequently elucidated in the stories. The associations we found provide crucial information to understand differences in value orientations across groups, identify barriers to change, and tailor behavior change campaigns to the local context.

3

Koy, Justin Kyale, Alphonse Maindo Monga Ngonga, and D. Andrew Wardell. "Moving beyond the illusion of participation in the governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve (Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of Congo)." Nature Conservation 33 (April 22, 2019): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.33.30781.

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The participation of local communities in the governance of protected areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo is challenged by several external and local factors. This article aims to understand the representation of local communities and factors that influence their participation in the governance of the Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Three principal sources of information (archival records, focus group and semi-structured interviews) were used to collect data. The results indicate a top-down participatory approach. The cumulative failure of several projects in the context of local development has led to different perceptions by local communities of their role in the participative governance of Yangambi Biosphere Reserve. Initiatives in participatory management and local development only function during the lifetime of externally-funded projects when initiators are present in the intervention area. The results call into question formal claims made by both conservation projects and the Congolese government regarding the actual participation of local communities in the governance of Biosphere Reserves. Furthermore, although Biosphere Reserves in DRC are recognized as part of the national network of protected areas since 2002, their management is still not aligned to either the Seville Strategy or the statutory framework of the world network of Biosphere Reserves. To achieve this, local development initiatives need to focus on poverty alleviation (through the diversification of income sources, entrepreneurship, farmer training and the creation of employment opportunities) and a better understanding of local practices and cultures in the design of such projects.

4

Tshite, Augustin Mukiekie, Sébastien Loosa Bolamba, Olivier Schmitz, An Verest, Bosmans Marleen, Edouard Konan, and Chantal Nandindo. "Analyse des problèmes liés au parcours juridique des victimes des violences sexuelles dans la province de la Tshopo en République Démocratique du Congo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, no. 33 (September 30, 2021): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n33p214.

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Cette étude vise deux objectifs, à savoir : dégager les problèmes liés au parcours juridique des victimes de violences sexuelles dans la province de la Tshopo et, proposer ce qui doit être fait pour élaguer ces problèmes et permettre une prise en charge efficace et équitable. Pour y arriver, l’étude qui s’inscrit dans le contexte de la théorisation ancrée a mobilisé comme sources les dossiers des victimes des violences sexuelles en justice, les comptes rendus des réunions, les groupes de discussion, les récits de vie des victimes et la littérature grise. Partant, il se dégage que les problèmes identifiés sont multiples et de diverses natures. On répertorie notamment : le dysfonctionnement des services judiciaires ; l’absence des preuves par des parties concernées (médecins, police, agents pénitentiaires, etc.) ; une pauvreté extrême des victimes ; les manœuvres dilatoires tendant à repousser perpétuellement les audiences pour freiner le procès ou bloquer l’action par des procédures irrégulières ; l’arrangement à l’amiable ; l’insuffisance et l’éloignement géographique des juridictions compétentes en matière de violence sexuelle ; l’environnement social des victimes ; et l’insécurité et la crainte de représailles. Que faire ? Le problème des violences sexuelles nécessite l’implication de toutes les communautés. Aussi, les campagnes de sensibilisation, les sessions de formations ainsi que des actions concrètes qui pourraient apporter des solutions aux problèmes répertoriés. This study has a dual objective which firstly aims to identify the problems associated with the legal process of victims of sexual violence in the province of Tshopo, and followingly to share recommendations to eliminate the identified problems to ensure that victims’ are dealt with effectively and fairly along the criminal proceedings. To achieve this, the study, using a Grounded Theory methodology, used the files of victims of sexual violence in the courts, the minutes of meetings, discussion groups, the life stories of victims and grey literature as sources. The problems identified are multiple and varied and include: dysfunctional judicial services; lack of evidence from the parties concerned (doctors, police, prison officers, etc.); extreme poverty of the victims; delaying tactics that tend to perpetually postpone hearings in order to slow down the trial or block the action through irregular procedures; out-of-court settlements; the inadequacy and geographical remoteness of the jurisdictions competent in matters of sexual violence; the social environment of the victims; and insecurity and fear of reprisals. What can be done? The problem of sexual violence requires the involvement of the whole community. Given that the problem of sexual violence requires the involvement of the whole community, this research proposes awareness-raising campaigns, training sessions and concrete actions as solutions to the problems identified.

5

Emina, Jacques B. O., Henry V. Doctor, and Yazoumé Yé. "Profiling malaria infection among under-five children in the Democratic Republic of Congo." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): e0250550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250550.

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Introduction In 2018, Malaria accounted for 38% of the overall morbidity and 36% of the overall mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to identify malaria socioeconomic predictors among children aged 6–59 months in DRC and to describe a socioeconomic profile of the most-at-risk children aged 6–59 months for malaria infection. Materials and methods This study used data from the 2013 DRC Demographic and Health Survey. The sample included 8,547 children aged 6–59 months who were tested for malaria by microscopy. Malaria infection status, the dependent variable, is a dummy variable characterized as a positive or negative test. The independent variables were child’s sex, age, and living arrangement; mother’s education; household’s socioeconomic variables; province of residence; and type of place of residence. Statistical analyses used the chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) model and logistic regression. Results Of the 8,547 children included in the sample, 25% had malaria infection. Four variables—child’s age, mother’s education, province, and wealth index—were statistically associated with the prevalence of malaria infection in bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis (CHAID and logistic regression). The prevalence of malaria infection increases with child’s age and decreases significantly with mother’s education and the household wealth index. These findings suggest that the prevalence of malaria infection is driven by interactions among environmental factors, socioeconomic characteristics, and probably differences in the implementation of malaria programs across the country. The effect of mother’s education on malaria infection was only significant among under-five children living in Ituri, Kasaï-Central, Haut-Uele, Lomami, Nord-Ubangi, and Maniema provinces, and the effect of wealth index was significant in Mai-Ndombe, Tshopo, and Haut-Katanga provinces. Conclusion Findings from this study could be used for targeting malaria interventions in DRC. Although malaria infection is common across the country, the prevalence of children at high risk for malaria infection varies by province and other background characteristics, including age, mother’s education, wealth index, and place of residence. In light of these findings, designing provincial and multisectoral interventions could be an effective strategy to achieve zero malaria infection in DRC.

6

Prince-Guerra, Jessica L., Vitaliano A. Cama, Nana Wilson, Elizabeth A. Thiele, Josias Likwela, Nestor Ndakala, Jacques Muzinga wa Muzinga, et al. "Comparison of PCR Methods for Onchocerca volvulus Detection in Skin Snip Biopsies from the Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98, no. 5 (May 9, 2018): 1427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0809.

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7

Liengola, I. B. "Contribution a l'etude des plantes alimentaires spontanees chez les Turumbu et Lokele du District de la Tshopo, Province Orientale, R. D. Congo." Systematics and Geography of Plants 71, no. 2 (2001): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3668711.

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8

Mahamba, RB, JN Ndjaki, AB Kankonda, and J.-C. Micha. "Diet of catfish Clarias buthupogon Sauvage, 1879 (Clariidae) in two rivers in the Yoko Reserve, Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo." African Journal of Aquatic Science 44, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2019.1604311.

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9

Botelanyele, Francine K., Patience K. Kahola, Jean-Leon K. Kambale, Nicole S. Assani, Esther I. Yokana, Prosper S. Yangayobo, Honorine N. Habimana, Monizi Mawunu, and Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua. "Structural study of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei mono-dominant forest based on mature individuals in the Masako forest reserve (Tshopo province, Democratic Republic of the Congo)." Tropical Plant Research 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2016): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2016.v3.i3.065.

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10

LE, Basandja, Panda LK, and Losimba LJ. "PREVALENCE OF DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN THE PERIURBAN ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY OF KISANGANI, TSHOPO PROVINCE, DRC." International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering Review 02, no. 05 (2021): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52267/ijaser.2021.2502.

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11

Kasaka, D., O. Onautshu, K. Muliwambene, B. Lebisabo, G. Baert, R. Swennen, G. Haesaert, and D. Dhed'a. "Importance and diversity of Mycorrhizae under plantain cultivation in the slash-and-burn and non-burn cropping systems in the forest region of Kisangani, Tshopo Province, D.R. Congo." African Journal of Agricultural Research 17, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 809–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2020.15411.

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12

Hassanin, Alexandre, Raphaël Colombo, Guy-Crispin Gembu, Marie Merle, Vuong Tan Tu, Tamás Görföl, Prescott Musaba Akawa, et al. "Multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation within the genusGlauconycteris(Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with the description of a new bat species from the Tshopo Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56, no. 1 (August 22, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12176.

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13

Mangaza, Lisette, Denis Jean Sonwa, Germain Batsi, Jérôme Ebuy, and Jean-Marie Kahindo. "Building a framework towards climate-smart agriculture in the Yangambi landscape, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 13, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 320–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-08-2020-0084.

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Purpose This paper aims to produce a framework for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in the Yangambi landscape, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This would enable the authors to identify agricultural practices, assess vulnerability to climate change, identify options for improving agricultural systems from a climate change mitigation and adaptation perspective and finally provide climate-smart agricultural options. Design/methodology/approach The study used household survey methods of data collection. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire survey by interviewing 250 farm households, subdivided using three axes of the Yangambi landscape. Fisher’s exact test was used to determine relationships between two or more variables. Findings Results of the survey revealed that the vast majority (98%) of respondents perceived changes in temperature, rainfall and weather patterns. Reduction of crop yields and the emergence of new weed species and new crop pests are the main impacts on agricultural activities. Although 87.6% of respondents have no means of adaptation and resilience, some of them use crops rotation, fallow practice, fertilizers and bio-pesticides. A framework for CSA is proposed for the Yangambi landscape. Practical implications Policies and strategies to promote CSA in the study area should take into account local farmers' perceptions of climate change and consider first the adequacy of CSA practices for the specific conditions of the target area before its promotion. This study is thus useful for many REDD+ initiatives that are currently being promoted in DRC and particularly in the Tshopo Province. Originality/value This study is one of the first studies to focus on CSA in the Yangambi landscape, DRC. It assists the use of agriculture as a response to reducing deforestation while at the same time lowering agriculture’s carbon footprint and promoting a resilient and more productive farming system.

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Tana, André Mavinga, Marcel Otita Likongo, An Verelst, Edouard Konan, and Chantal Nandindo. "Traumatisme psychique par types des violences sexuelles chez les adultes et les enfants mineurs dans un contexte post-conflit dans la Province de la Tshopo en République Démocratique du Congo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 9 (March 31, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n9p160.

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Cet article vise à identifier les symptômes de la détresse psychologique suivant la typologie des violences sexuelles dégagée à partir des entretiens individuels avec des victimes et leurs proches ainsi que des données de la prise en charge médico-psychologique du centre de santé Alwaleed. L’étude inscrite dans le cadre de théorisation ancrée a utilisé comme sources les dossiers et les récits des victimes de violences sexuelles au centre Alwaleed ainsi que l’entretien individuel réalisé à domicile auprès des victimes et de leurs proches. Il a été observé que quelle que soit la situation-type dans laquelle se situe la victime, celle-ci exprime le traumatisme subi sur le plan aussi bien physique, psychologique que comportemental. Le traumatisme subi par les sujets des situations-types II et III provient des réactions de la famille et de la communauté. Le traumatisme dont souffre une victime affecte de la même manière les membres proches de cette victime. This article aims to identify the symptoms of psychological distress according to the typology of sexual violence identified from individual interviews with victims and their relatives as well as data from the medicalpsychological care of the Alwaleed health center. The study was based on a grounded theory framework and used as sources the files and accounts of the victims of sexual violence at the Alwaleed center as well as individual interviews conducted at home with the victims and their relatives. Therefore, it was observed that whatever the typical situation in which the victim finds herself, she expresses the trauma she has suffered on a physical, psychological and behavioral level. The trauma suffered by the subjects of type II and III situations comes from the reactions of the family and the community. The trauma suffered by a victim affects the members close to the victim in the same way.

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Basandja, Eugène Longembe, Gaston Kimbwani Mabela, Zoé-Arthur Kazadi Mulumba, Jean Panda Lukongo Kitronza, and Joris Losimba Likwela. "Quality of Water Adjusted Sources and Storage in the Households of the Sanitized Villages in Area of National Program of Sanitized Schools and Villages at Tshopo Province in Republic Democratic of Congo." Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 09, no. 06 (2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbm.2021.96004.

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16

Gradidge, P., Phaswana Merling, and Emmanuel Cohen. "The determinants of overweight/obesity and blood pressure in rural South African women living in the Tshino Nesengani (Mukondeleli) village." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2018/v30i1a5066.

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Background: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether bio-behavioural factors are associated with blood pressure and body composition in rural black South African women. Methods: Data were collected on 200 African women living in the Tshino Nesengani (Mukondeleli) village, Limpopo Province using simple anthropometry, blood pressure, and validated self-reported questionnaires for sleep, physical activity, and sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Results: Six patterns of SSB consumption were determined by principal component analysis. Regression analysis showed that longer sleep duration (?9 hours/night) was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures; whilst principal component 2 (beer, wine, and sweetened tea) was associated with higher body mass index. Conclusions: These findings highlight novel bio-behavioural contributors of blood pressure and body anthropometry in rural African women.

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Gradidge, P., Phaswana Merling, and Emmanuel Cohen. "The determinants of overweight/obesity and blood pressure in rural South African women living in the Tshino Nesengani (Mukondeleli) village." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/5066.

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Background: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether bio-behavioural factors are associated with blood pressure and body composition in rural black South African women. Methods: Data were collected on 200 African women living in the Tshino Nesengani (Mukondeleli) village, Limpopo Province using simple anthropometry, blood pressure, and validated self-reported questionnaires for sleep, physical activity, and sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Results: Six patterns of SSB consumption were determined by principal component analysis. Regression analysis showed that longer sleep duration (?9 hours/night) was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures; whilst principal component 2 (beer, wine, and sweetened tea) was associated with higher body mass index. Conclusions: These findings highlight novel bio-behavioural contributors of blood pressure and body anthropometry in rural African women.

18

Désiré, Isetcha Tawiti, Assani Ramazani Raymond, and Bokota Sola Hugues. "Evolution of Tax Receipts on Motorized Vehicles Recovered by the General Direction of the Receipts of the Tshopo Province from 2012 to 2016." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, August 24, 2019, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2019/v12i230147.

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Objectives: This study aims to determine over time how the tax levied on motor vehicles has behaved in relation to the investment incentives put in place; to determine the year in which these receipts performed well among those considered in our study and to determine the year in which revenues were low. Methods: The sample consisted of revenues from the tax on motor vehicles recovered by the General Revenue Directorate of the Tshopo Province from 2012 to 2016 in Kisangani. We used the statistical method supported by the documentary analysis, the technique of observation and free interview for the collection of data. Results: The study found that the real tax on motor vehicles had decreased in the Tshopo Province from 2012 to 2016. This invalidates our first hypothesis. The 2014 financial year remains the best performing year with a strong performance, confirming our second hypothesis.

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"Correction: Who are the real community health workers in Tshopo Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo?" BMJ Global Health 5, no. 1 (January 2020): e001529corr1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001529corr1.

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20

Milenge Kamalebo, Héritier, Hippolyte Nshimba Seya Wa Malale, Cephas Masumbuko Ndabaga, Jérôme Degreef, and André De Kesel. "Uses and importance of wild fungi: traditional knowledge from the Tshopo province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 14, no. 1 (February 12, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-017-0203-6.

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Milenge Kamalebo, Héritier, and André De Kesel. "Wild edible ectomycorrhizal fungi: an underutilized food resource from the rainforests of Tshopo province (Democratic Republic of the Congo)." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 16, no. 1 (February 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-0357-5.

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Kasaka, D., O. Onautshu, K. Muliwambene, B. Lebisabo, G. Katho, G. Baert, R. Swennen, G. Haesaert, and D. Dhed'a. "Influence of Agrosystems on the Diversity of Mycorrhizae under Plantain Banana Cultivation in the Forest Region of Kisangani (Tshopo Province, DR Congo)." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, May 18, 2022, 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2022/v23i330225.

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The largest genetic diversity of plantain banana (Musa AAB subgroup) is found by DRCongo. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are synergistic beneficial organisms with a positive effect on growth vigor. We determined the influence of plantain banana-based agrosystems on the diversity of AMF in agroforestry and home-garden field systems located in the Kisangani region of DR Congo. Soil samples of the different agrosystems showed a high mycorrhizal frequency (82.5%) with an overall mycorrhizal rate of 33.43%. Vigorous plantain plants are growing in soils that rich in AMF spores whereas non vigorous ones were found in soils that had few AMF spores. There were also significant differences between cultivars, in terms of the number of spores. Glomus was the most abundant genus followed by Gigaspora, Acaulospora, Scutellospora and Entrophospora. The diversity indices evaluated, richness, abundance and Shannon_H showed non-significant difference between agroforestry and home-garden plantains. However, agroforestry plantains showed a larger Inv-Simpson and Equitability-J index than home-garden plantains. Soil physico-chemical characteristics had an effect on abundance of mycorrhizal genera in all inventoried mycorrhizal taxa.

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Ependja, Antoine Towaka, Vif Foyo Baelo, and Zenon Lokangu Baombolia. "Behaviors of Yahisuli’s Parents in Early Childhood Immunization in 2018." Open Science Journal 6, no. 2 (May 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.23954/osj.v6i2.2710.

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This descriptive cross-sectional study aims to determine factors associated with Yahisuli's parents' behaviors in early childhood immunization in 2018. To collect data, we used a questionnaire administered to a non-probability convenience sample of 96 parents of children 0-11 months of age. Descriptive analysis allowed us to compare our results with previous work. We recorded an average age of 32.8 years and a male/female sex ratio of 1.3. More than 95% of the parents went to school, of which 58.5% have a high school education. The birth rank of the last child ranged from 3 to 5 with a sex ratio of 1.3 in favor of males. Nearly 15% of children have not been fully vaccinated. In this work, 55 out of 96 parents bring their children to a health facility to be vaccinated to ensure their protection (76.4%) and prevention against infectious diseases (47.3%). On the other hand, 42% do not adhere to vaccination because of ignorance, fear due to children's incessant crying after vaccination, adverse post-immunization events. When it came to vaccines, several misunderstandings were raised. These corroborate rumors observed under other skies. Thus, a descriptive and analytical study on the epidemiological surveillance of adverse effects of vaccines is indispensable in the province of Tshopo.

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Limba, K., K. Kwembe, K. Asumani, T. K. Monde, G. Hassaert, H. Akwakwa, and O. Onautshu. "Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Strains Lasiododulpodia theobromae (pat) Griffon & Maulk, Pathogen-Associated with Black Rot Cocoa Pods in the Tshopo Province, Kisangani Region (DR Congo)." Journal of Advances in Microbiology, October 28, 2021, 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2021/v21i1130400.

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The cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L) is a persistent perennial crop in tropical regions whose production period is sufficiently spread out over the whole year. As a result, it offers pathogens conditions for survival without real disruption of their life cycle. Symptoms of cocoa pod black rot disease have been observed in both the Bengamisa cocoa growing area and the Yangambi area in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to characterize the strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae on cocoa trees in the Kisangani region. Macroscopic and microscopic observations were made on the pods while the identification of the species was confirmed by a molecular approach based on the sequencing of part of the ribosomal DNA including the ITS regions (internal transcribed spacers) and the 5.8S gene. The results of this study showed that the phenotypic characteristics of the strains isolated in the two cocoa growing areas were typical of the L. Theobromae species. These are in particular the spots of soft rot, initially brown, gradually evolving into soot-black which subsequently produced a sort of whitish powder on the surface of the diseased pod. However, the fruiting of the fungus in the PDA medium gave rise to the latter's mycelia, initially whitish, which darkened as they matured. In addition, PCR amplification followed by sequencing of the fungal strain was beneficial by removing any doubt about the nature of the fungal species isolated in the two cocoa-growing areas.

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Béres, Judit. "Wedding Customs in Amdo, Eastern Tibet." Távol-keleti Tanulmányok 13, no. 2021/1 (December 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.38144/tkt.2021.1.6.

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A wedding in Tibetan society is the most important family celebration. The quality of the wedding shows the role that a family plays in the tribe, tshowa. The structure and rules may vary in different regions, but the main elements are more or less the same. Preparation and the ceremony itself can take a few days or more, and traditionally it is preceded by a consultation with an astrologer. Only if the parties are well matched according to their horoscopes are they allowed to marry. In my study, I will focus on the marriage customs of Amdo – nowadays most of Qinghai Province, and some parts of Gansu and Sichuan Provinces of China; in particular the structure and the songs and toasts that feature at each stage of the wedding. During the feast the role of certain relatives such as the maternal uncles is extremely important: their repertoire contains a large numberof songs. We can say that the whole wedding is a mapping of hierarchy and filial piety in a traditional Tibetan family.

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Adejumobi, Idris I., Paterne A. Agre, Didy O. Onautshu, Joseph G. Adheka, Mokonzi G. Bambanota, Jean-Claude L. Monzenga, Joseph L. Komoy, and Inacio M. Cipriano. "Diversity, trait preferences, management and utilization of yams landraces (Dioscorea species): an orphan crop in DR Congo." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (February 10, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06265-w.

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AbstractYam (Dioscorea spp.) is cultivated in many villages of DR Congo as a means to sustain food security and alleviate poverty. However, the extent of the existing diversity has not been studied in details thus, considered as an orphan. A survey covering 540 farmers in 54 villages was conducted in six major yam growing territories covering three provinces in DR Congo to investigate the diversity, management and utilization of yam landraces using pre-elaborate questionnaires. Subject to synonymy, a total of 67 landraces from five different species were recorded. Farmers’ challenges limiting yam production were poor tuber qualities (69%), harvest pest attack (7%), difficulty in harvesting (6%), poor soil status (6%). The overall diversity was moderate among the recorded yam germplasm maintained at the household level (1.32) and variability exist in diversity amongst the territories and provinces. Farmers’ in territories of Tshopo and Mongala provinces maintained higher level of germplasm diversity (2.79 and 2.77) compared to the farmers in territories of Bas-Uélé (1.67). Some yam landraces had limited abundance and distribution due to loss of production interest in many villages attributable to poisons contained hence, resulting in possible extinction. Farmers’ most preferred seed source for cultivation were backyard (43%) and exchange with neighboring farmers (31%) with the objective of meeting food security and generating income. In villages where yam production is expanding, farmers are relying on landraces with good tuber qualities and high yield even though they are late maturing. This study revealed the knowledge of yam landrace diversity, constraints to production and farmers’ preferences criteria as a guide for collection and conservation of yam germplasm for yam improvement intervention.

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Yannick, Moloba Lukombo, Mobula Meta Victor, Ntoto Mvubu Roger, and Mahungu Nzola Meso. "Dynamique Socio-Économique de l'adoption des Variétés Améliorées du Manioc en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) : Cas des Provinces de Kongo Central et la Tshopo." European Scientific Journal ESJ 15, no. 15 (May 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n15p346.

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