Дисертації з теми "Public-Private partnership in developing countries"
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1
Bahri, Amrita. "Public private partnership in WTO dispute settlement : enabling developing countries." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6242/.
Анотація:
The doctoral research investigates the nature and elements of domestic mechanisms, including public private partnership (PPP) procedures, devised for the management of WTO disputes in selected developed and developing countries. With China, Brazil and India as its case-studies, the research explores various strategies to devise an effective PPP mechanism for handling international trade disputes in developing countries. The research objective is to explore the benefits of engaging the private sector in the intergovernmental process of WTO dispute settlement, and to identify the reforms that will be needed for devising a workable domestic framework for handling foreign trade disputes through PPP arrangements. The research highlights important issues and concerns that need consideration before any legal, institutional, regulatory and procedural reforms are carried out. Moreover, the research seeks to enable developing countries to critically evaluate a diverse range of PPP strategies employed so far, and to determine their individual approaches towards PPP and dispute management. The thesis constitutes a practical guidebook for policymakers in those developing countries which have the motivation to strengthen their WTO dispute settlement capacities. The topical area of research and pragmatic approach towards research questions, together with an empirical research methodology makes this study an original contribution to existing literature and knowledge.
2
Hylton, Amri Elizabeth. "Private/public partnership for low-cost housing in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74773.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 41-42.
by Amri Elizabeth Hylton.
M.C.P.
3
Basílio, Maria do Sacramento Bombaça. "Infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships : Risk factors and agents' participation." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4246.
Анотація:
Doutoramento em GestãoInfrastructure investments are essential to achieve economic prosperity, promoting growth and enhancing well-being. Any infrastructure project is a long-term and complex project, par¬ticularly due to the specific nature of the assets and because it involves numerous stakeholders with different interests and objectives. In such conditions, uncertainty and risks are emphasized. Financing infrastructure is particularly challenging given the amount of funds required that are mostly sunk costs. An attractive mechanism, in the governments' perspective, is to use Public Private Partnerships (PPP) and Project Finance techniques. Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) assume an important role on the raise of funds. Besides their primary lending function, another relevant role emerges - risk reduction. Public entities encourage private sector involvement in infrastructure particularly through PPP. These partnerships are used to reduce the infrastructure gap and accelerating the delivery of public assets and services with clear advantages over traditional methods of procurement. Theoretically, economic reasons may be presented supporting PPP. Portugal has a long history using PPP but there are very few papers on the field. In this dissertation, the Portuguese experience is presented with a focus on five projects. In addition, a model to access the relative operational performance of the SCUT concessions is developed using Data Envelopment Analysis. PPP are particularly relevant to developing and emerging countries where the less stable environment emphasizes risks. Different country's risk factors affect PPP arrangements, condi¬tioning the investments intensity and the participation of the private agents, as well as, of MDB. To explore these issues, an empirical analysis is performed using PPP data from 1990-2007. The results indicate the dominance of the economic conditions and of the legal framework, to ex¬plain the agents' participation in PPP and, MDB' participation is higher for riskier countries, confirming the mechanism of risk reduction.
4
Shakeri, Eghbal. "An investigation of privately promoted infrastructure (PPI) strategy in developing countries : public-private partnership (PPP) approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488188.
5
Mofokeng, Mapule Beauty. "Public Private Partnerships and economic growth in developing countries: An empirical analysis." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30394.
Анотація:
The study analysed the impact of Public Private Partnership (PPP) investment on economic growth in 39 developing countries, and used a traditional growth model. Using the system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimation technique, the analysis was carried out in two ways. First, the study analysed the effect of total PPP investment on economic growth, measured in GDP per capita. Secondly, PPP investment was disaggregated into the three PPP sectors, namely energy, transport, and water and sanitation. This was done to identify the most productive sectors for PPP investment. This study used the World Bank’s Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) database and covered a period between 1997 – 2016. The findings suggest that PPP investment positively contributes to economic growth. When disaggregated by sector, the results of the study suggest that none of PPP investment in the selected sectors positively contribute to economic growth. PPP investment in the energy and transport sectors were found to contribute negatively to economic growth. In contrast, PPP investment in the water and sanitation sector was found to be insignificant when it comes to explaining economic growth in these countries. The sectoral results of PPP investment were unexpected and could be attributed to limitations of data as some sectoral data was not reported on in the database. This finding points to the importance of data that is adequate and consistently available over a long period. PPPs are becoming a necessary solution for strengthening infrastructure and generating economic growth in developing countries. Thus, understanding the empirical links, through research, that exists between infrastructure investment using PPPs and economic growth, is essential. Research such as these could enhance debate in developing countries on how best to use PPP models as propellers of economic growth. As such, how data is reported is important as it affects the credibility of the model and the results produced by it. It is therefore important that the shortcomings of inconsistency in the reporting of data be corrected to ensure that meaningful and accurate conclusions could be drawn from it.
6
Al-Shqairat, Zaid Ibrahim. "Understanding the role of public-private partnership (PPP) in e-government implementation in developing countries : case study of Jordan." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500764.
Анотація:
Public Private Partnership (PPP) is clearly considered as one of the main approaches that can be adopted in E-Government implementation to improve the transformation strategy tor e-government processes on the functions level: (e.g. customer-centric services), the processes level; (e.g. sharing processes) and on the capacity level; (e.g. capacity building). PPP does not weaken the public sector role in E-Government implementation, but it recreates this role in order to obtain more skilled public sector participation in EGovernment projects. The main aim of this research is to explain the nature of the role of public-private partnership (PPP) in the implementation of E-Government programmes in developing countries in order to develop a model for PPP, to indicate its role in such programmes, and then apply to Jordan. This research utilized qualitative case study methodology (QCS), which involves qualitative data collection and qualitative analysis procedures, and allows empirical research to investigate the complexity of the role of Public Private Partnership (PPP) as a contemporary phenomenon, in order to understand such role within the E-Government implementation context in Jordan.
7
Lang, Andreas Michael. "Healthcare infrastructure Public-Private Partnerships in Developing Countries : the Queen 'Mamohato Hospital in Lesotho." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104519.
Анотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 83-86).
Over the past decade, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have increasingly found their application in the sector of health infrastructure. The objective of this paper is to determine whether PPPs are a viable option for health infrastructure projects in developing countries. For this purpose, the author discusses and describes PPPs in general and specifies features of PPPs, which may be relevant for the healthcare sector and developing countries. In a next step, the author extensively analyses the Lesotho New Hospital PPIP case study and establishes key learnings from the undertaking. The combined evidence suggests that the PPP model for health infrastructure projects in developing countries is not recommended as a result of its high complexity and wide spectrum of underlying obstacles. Therefore, the author suggests developing countries' governments to engage in smaller and less demanding PPP projects in order to acquire the skills and expertise that are required for large-scale health infrastructure PPP projects. Keywords: Public-Private Partnership, PPP, 3P, integrated, PPIP, healthcare, infrastructure, finance, new hospital, Queen 'Mamohato Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, developing countries, emerging markets, World Bank Group, International Finance Corporation, IFC, Oxfam, Tsepong, Netcare, Maseru, Lesotho, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
by Andreas Michael Lang.
S.M. in Management Studies
8
Nordtveit, Bjorn Harald. "The role of civil society organizations in developing countries a case study of public-private partnerships in Senegal /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2193.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Education Policy, and Leadership. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
9
Ahmed, Shafiul Azam. "Solid waste management through partnerships : a study on the role of facilitating agencies." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7679.
Анотація:
This research examined the role of facilitating agencies in promoting public-private partnerships (PPP). Bangladesh's solid waste management sector was taken as a case study. As is the case in many developing countries, municipalities in Bangladesh could not cope with rapid urbanization resulting in a large proportion of solid waste remaining uncollected. The private sector took the opportunity to fill this gap in service. They started providing house-to-house garbage collection and charging citizens for this service. Therefore, two streams of service providers-public and private-became active in the sector. In some cities the two streams remained separate without coordination. In other cities the two sectors formed partnership with support from facilitating agencies. This research investigated the roles played by the facilitating agencies. Three broad aspects were investigated: (1) necessity of facilitating agencies, (2) the role of a facilitating agency in sustainability of partnership, and (3) the role of a facilitating agency in effectiveness of partnership. Four cities were included in the study with varying degree of PPP and facilitation. Primary data were collected from public and private sector staff, elected representatives, and citizens through interview, questionnaire survey and observation. PPP is a promising mechanism for urban service delivery. This study on the role of facilitating agencies may illustrate how to achieve and sustain PPPs in developing countries.
10
Avolio, Ciro. "Water service delivery solutions in rural and peri-urban areas in developing countries : are public-public partnerships a valuable alternative to private sector participation?" Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404063.
Анотація:
This dissertation will focus on the analysis of water and sanitation service delivery solutions in the context of peri-urban and rural areas. In particular, it will investigate if public-public partnerships (PuPs) can represent a valid and effective alternative to private sector participation. As highlighted by PSIRU (in Hall et al, 2005: 4), there are different types of PuPs, including a large variety of actors: national public authorities, communities, NGOs, Trade Unions, international public authorities and international associations.
This dissertation will focus on a specific kind of PuPs, the partnerships between public authorities and communities, where the responsibility for service provision is progressively transferred from national governments to local people. This choice is motivated by the growing importance given to the participation of local people in the development of initiatives directly or indirectly affecting their condition of life. As argued by IRC (IRC, 2007), in the last years community management has become one of the most important concept, a `guiding principle¿ in most rural water supply and sanitation schemes. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine if community-based management could possibly represent a better option than public-private partnerships (PPPs) for the delivery of rural water and sanitation services and capable to be successfully adopted in various national contexts, playing a role of growing importance.
The dissertation will first outline the general situation of water resources at world scale and in particular in developing countries. The relationship between water / poverty reduction and water / sustainability will be examined. The dissertation will realize an overview of the water management systems.
Then, this study will analyze the water services in rural and peri-urban areas of developing countries, where, according to the IFAD (2001: 2), more than half of the world¿s poor, over 70%, live and depend on farming activities for their survival. The characteristics of rural areas, including the presence of isolated settlements and the lack of infrastructure facilities, and the inefficiency of central and local governments have, in many cases, produced critical situations in terms of inadequate rural water supplies and sanitation infrastructure. This dissertation will, then, define the concepts of PPPs, PuPs and government-communities partnerships, delineating their historical evolution and the increasing attention and support they have received. In particular, it will explore the main literature and critics concerning PPPs, highlighting strengths and weaknesses that have been attributed to this kind of partnership. This study will examine two case studies where PPPs systems have been implemented.
Moreover, this dissertation will analyze the link between community management, on one side, and efficiency and sustainability, on the other, by presenting two case studies - Salvegu, Ghana and Karnataka, India - where local communities are responsible of the operation and maintenance of rural water and sanitation services. Through the analysis of the case studies, in fact, it will identify some of the characteristics of Government-communities partnership that could contribute to improve water and sanitation service delivery even in remote and disadvantaged rural areas and, on the other side, the weaknesses and limits of this kind of partnership.
Finally, the dissertation will propose a new concept of water partnership, the Local Water Partnership, based on the cooperation among 3 local water partners: local government, local community and local private sector.Esta tesis se centrará en el análisis de las soluciones de distribución de agua y servicios de saneamiento en el contexto de las áreas peri-urbanas y rurales. Se investigará si las asociaciones público-públicas (PuP) pueden representar una alternativa válida y eficaz a la participación del sector privado. Como destacado por la PSIRU (en Hall et al, 2005: 4), hay diferentes tipos de PuPs, incluyendo una gran variedad de actores: autoridades públicas nacionales, comunidades, ONG, sindicatos, autoridades públicas internacionales y asociaciones internacionales. Esta tesis se centrará en un tipo específico de las PuPs, las asociaciones entre las autoridades públicas y las comunidades, donde la responsabilidad de la prestación de servicios se transfiere progresivamente a partir de los gobiernos nacionales hacia la población local. Esta elección está motivada por la creciente importancia dada a la participación de la población local en el desarrollo de iniciativas que afectan directa o indirectamente a su condición de vida. Como argumentado por el IRC (IRC, 2007), en los últimos años la gestión comunitaria se ha convertido en uno de los concepto más importante, un "principio rector" en la mayoría de los sistemas de abastecimiento de agua-saneamiento rural. El propósito de este estudio es examinar si la gestión basada en la comunidad local podría representar una opción mejor que las asociaciones público-privadas (PPPs) para el suministro de agua y servicios de saneamiento en zonas rurales y capaz de ser adoptado con éxito en diversos contextos nacionales. La tesis describirá en primer lugar la situación general de los recursos hídricos a escala mundial y en los países en desarrollo. La relación entre agua/reducción de la pobreza y agua/sostenibilidad será examinada. La tesis doctoral realizará una análisis general de los sistemas de gestión del agua. Entonces, este estudio analizará los servicios de agua en zonas rurales y peri-urbanas de los países en desarrollo, donde, de acuerdo con el FIDA (2001: 2), más de la mitad de los pobres del mundo, más del 70%, viven y dependen de las actividades agrícolas para su supervivencia. Las características de las zonas rurales, incluyendo la presencia de asentamientos aislados y la falta de instalaciones de infraestructura, y la ineficiencia de los gobiernos centrales y locales, en muchos casos, han producido situaciones críticas en cuanto a la insuficiencia de los suministros de agua en zonas rurales y la infraestructura de saneamiento. Esta disertación definirá los conceptos de PPP, PuPs, y de asociaciones entre administraciones públicas y comunidades, delineando su evolución histórica y la creciente atención y el apoyo que han recibido. Se estudiará la principal literatura y la crítica relativa a las PPPs, analizando los puntos fuertes y débiles que se han atribuido a este tipo de asociación. Este estudio examinará dos estudios de casos donde se han implementado sistemas de PPPs. Por otra parte, esta tesis doctoral analizará la relación entre la gestión por parte de la comunidad, por un lado, y la eficiencia y la sostenibilidad, por el otro, mediante la presentación de dos estudios de caso - Salvegu, Ghana y Karnataka, India - donde las comunidades locales son responsables de la operación y el mantenimiento de servicios de agua y saneamiento rural. A través del análisis de los estudios de casos, la tesis va a identificar algunas de las características de las asociaciones entre autoridades gubernamentales y las comunidades locales que podrían contribuir a mejorar la prestación de servicios de agua y saneamiento, incluso en las zonas rurales remotas y desfavorecidas y, por otro lado, las debilidades y límites de este tipo de asociación. Por último, la tesis propondrá un nuevo concepto de asociación hidrica, la Partnership Hidrica Local, basado en la cooperación entre los 3 socios locales de agua: el gobierno local, la comunidad local y el sector privado local.
11
Heyliger, Joseph. "The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the Changing Face of Free Trade Agreements: The Resultant Social, Political, and Economic Consequences." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5475.
Анотація:
Little is known about the impact of nontrade issues on developing countries entering trade agreements. The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) represents an attempt to set high-standard trade rules for participating countries in the Asian-Pacific region that require the inclusion of wide-ranging nontrade issues in the TPPA. This general qualitative study explored the economic, social, and political consequences for developing countries by including nontrade issues in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). The overarching research question addressed whether nontrade issues in FTAs detract developing countries from achieving their trade goals. This study was guided by the theory of comparative advantage propounded by Ricardo and the focus on trade in goods and services. This general qualitative study used multiple sources of data collection including documentation-primary and secondary online and digital archival data, bibliographies, textbooks, and scholarly trade journals; researcher's notes; and interviews of 15 participants (13 economists and 2 trade unionists). All data were coded using open, selective, and axial coding followed by Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedure. Data analysis revealed 4 themes that crystallized the findings within the context of the research; the role, ramifications of nontrade issues, trade barriers, and the distraction of developing countries from achieving their goals-tariff reductions, market access, jobs, and economic growth. The key finding of this study was the interest of participants in wages, health, and safety of workers in FTAs. The implications for positive social change include recommendations for welfare enhancement gained by trade policymakers' understanding of the consequences of nontrade issues in FTAs.
12
Brzoska, Patrick, Seval Akgün, Bassey E. Antia, K. R. Thankappan, Kesavan Rajasekharan Nayar, and Oliver Razum. "Enhancing an International Perspective in Public Health Teaching through Formalized University Partnerships." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-224211.
Анотація:
Teaching in the field of public health needs to employ a global perspective to account for the fact that public health problems and solutions have global determinants and implications as well. International university partnerships can promote such a perspective through the strengthening of cooperation, exchange, and communication between academic institutions across national boundaries. As an example for such an academic network in the field of public health, we introduce the International Public Health Partnership—a collaboration between a university in Germany and universities in India, Turkey, and Nigeria. Formed in 2005, it facilitated the exchange of information, fostered discussion about the transferability of public health concepts, contributed to the structural development of the universities involved, and promoted an intercultural dialog through a combination of local and distance learning activities. Although well accepted by students and staff, different obstacles were encountered; these included limited external funding, scarce own financial, time and personnel resources, and diverging regulations and structures of degree programs at the partnership sites. In the present article, we share several lessons that we learned during our joint collaboration and provide recommendations for other universities that are involved in partnerships with institutions of higher education or are interested to initiate such collaborations.
13
Melo, Marne Santos de. "Windows of opportunities and knowledge networks: implications for the catch-up in developing countries." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16531.
Анотація:
This document represents a doctoral thesis held under the Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration of Getulio Vargas Foundation (EBAPE/FGV), developed through the elaboration of three articles. The research that resulted in the articles is within the scope of the project entitled 'Windows of opportunities and knowledge networks: implications for catch-up in developing countries', funded by Support Programme for Research and Academic Production of Faculty (ProPesquisa) of Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration (EBAPE) of Getulio Vargas Foundation.Submitted by Marne Santos de Melo (marne.melo@gmail.com) on 2016-05-03T22:11:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PhD Dissertation_MarneMelo_Final_Version.pdf: 2457125 bytes, checksum: 159e5ecfb2ba7a58c8f0bf57741590b7 (MD5)
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This study aims to investigate the theory of catch-up cycles in the setting of developing countries. We chose the Brazilian seeds sector as the locus of investigation. In order to explain catching up and industrial leadership, as suggested by the authors, we confront changes at the global level and windows of opportunities that emerged with responses from the main company of the sector - Embrapa. In our empirical study, we made use of in-depth interviews with historical and longitudinal analysis. We found evidence that changes in key dimensions alter in importance over time, but that institutions/public policy seem to be the forces that most contribute to strong dominance of transnational companies nowadays. Moreover, differently than suggested by some authors (although they are mainly focused in the Argentinean seeds sector), we find evidence that transnational companies – particularly the Gene Giants – do are driven the process of seeds innovation in the industry. In addition, the highest amount of launching of new varieties each year is not synonymous of more (or bigger) innovation; dominant positions in the market is not directly associated with higher levels of technological innovation. In fact, market innovation – e. g., commercial approach of transnational companies, which includes financing of producers and sales distribution - seems to be, at least, as relevant as technological innovation in the setting of seeds industry.
Esse estudo busca investigar a teoria de ciclos de 'catch-up' no contexto de países em desenvolvimento. O setor de sementes agrícolas brasileiro foi escolhido como locus de investigação. A fim de explicar catching up e lideranças na indústria, foram confrontadas mudanças e janelas de oportunidades ocorridas no nível global com as respostas da principal empresa do setor – Embrapa. No estudo empírico, fizemos uso de entrevistas em profundidade e análise histórica e longitudinal. Foram encontradas evidências de que mudanças em dimensões-chave alteram em importância ao longo do tempo, mas que instituições/políticas públicas parecem ser as forças que mais tem contribuído para a forte dominância das empresas transnacionais atualmente. Além disso, diferentemente do que tem sido sugerido por alguns autores (embora eles estivessem focados principalmente no setor de sementes da Argentina), encontramos evidências de que as empresas transnacionais - em particular as 'Gene Giants' - realmente tem direcionado o processo de inovação na indústria de sementes. Além disso, a maior quantidade de lançamento de novas variedades a cada ano não é sinónimo de mais (ou de maior) inovação; posições dominantes no mercado também não estão diretamente associadas a níveis mais elevados de inovação tecnológica. Na verdade, a inovação no mercado - e. g, abordagem comercial das empresas transnacionais, o que inclui o financiamento de produtores e de distribuição de vendas - parecem ser, pelo menos, tão relevantes quanto a inovação tecnológica no cenário da indústria de sementes. RESUMO 2 - UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF NETWORK STRUCTURES: ALLYING THE GROUNDED-THEORY TO SOCIAL NETWORK APPROACH APPLIED TO THE BRAZILIAN SEEDS SECTOR O objetivo deste trabalho é lançar luz sobre uma lacuna previamente identificada em Powell et al. (2005) e posteriormente explorada em Ahuja, Soda e Zaheer (2012): a compreensão das origens e evolução das estruturas de rede intensivas em conhecimento; em outras palavras, seu dinamismo. Especificamente, essa pesquisa examinou como e por que redes centradas em uma empresa pública de P&D de um país em desenvolvimento têm evoluído para assumir as formas que elas possuem. No processo de examinar a questão de pesquisa, especial atenção foi dada para as várias razões pelas quais os setores público e privado buscam estabelecer parcerias. O contexto empírico escolhido foi o setor de sementes agrícolas do Brasil, mas nos focamos especificamente no programa de melhoramento de soja da Embrapa, a principal empresa representativa do setor. A lógica subjacente utilizada para desenvolver nosso arcabouço teórico foi a 'grounded theory'. O desenho de pesquisa é um estudo de caso único longitudinal, estudo indutivo, mas também foi feito uso da abordagem de rede social. Com base nos achados de pesquisa, nós desenvolvemos um arcabouço teórico para compreender o dinamismo das redes. Nós constatamos diferentes interesses entre as empresas, que mudaram ao longo do tempo, e diferentes efeitos para cada tipo de rede. Além disso, foi confirmada a crescente relevância da interação entre atores organizacionais e importantes 'trade-offs' entre organizações públicas e privadas. RESUMO 3 - TECHNOLOGICAL TRAJECTORY OF EMBRAPA AND THE CONQUEST OF CERRADO Apesar da existência de inúmeros estudos dedicados a investigar a trajetória tecnológica das empresas, pouca atenção tem sido dada a algumas características dessa trajetória. Como exemplo, podem ser citados o tempo que as empresas levam para avançar tecnologicamente e a influência de fatores, tais como as redes de conhecimento e mecanismos de aprendizagem na capacidade tecnológica das firmas. Na verdade, a relação redes-capacidades é considerada por muitos autores uma das mais importantes interações, que tem sido negligenciada. Esse artigo busca minimizar esses 'gaps' na literatura. Especificamente, nós examinamos a trajetória tecnológica da principal empresa brasileira do setor de sementes agrícolas – Embrapa – incluindo o tempo para avançar tecnologicamente e a relação redes de conhecimento-capacidades tecnológicas. No processo de examinar a trajetória tecnológica da Embrapa, nós examinamos como a Embrapa conquistou o Cerrado e mensuramos alguns importantes resultados de inovações tecnológicas – produção e exportação. Por meio de um estudo de caso longitudinal, nós concluímos que a Embrapa adotou diferentes trajetórias ao longo do tempo. Inicialmente a empresa adotou a trajetória 'path-following', em seguida a trajetória 'path-skipping' e, posteriormente, a trajetória 'path-creating'. A Embrapa também mudou seus parceiros ao longo do tempo (ou eles tiveram seus papeis adaptados às condições da época). Com a ajuda de parceiros, a Embrapa foi capaz de rapidamente alcançar o nível de liderança mundial. Ademais, indicadores de produção e exportação provaram ser relevantes para mensurar resultados de esforços de inovação.
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Eissa, Zakaria Abdelsalam Nora. "Le règlement des litiges survenant des contrats de partenariats public-privé. : recherche d’une meilleure gestion des sources des litiges dans les contrats de PPP : enjeux et conséquences pour l’Egypte." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20014/document.
Анотація:
Le partenariat public privé est un instrument pour la réalisation des objectifs du développement en Egypte. Sur le plan international, le recours aux PPP soulève des difficultés compliquées à résoudre. La nature complexe de ce type de projets augmentent la probabilité de litiges entre les parties. L’analyse comparée des expériences britannique et française, permet d’élaborer une référence pour le gouvernement égyptien en matières des réformes juridique et économique. Dans le cadre d’améliorer la gestion des projets de PPP en Egypte, deux approches peuvent être adressées dans notre recherche. En premier lieu, le développement d’une méthodologie de gestion efficace des risques par l’analyse de types des risques attachés aux PPP pendant le cycle de vie du projet. En deuxième lieu, la présentation des mécanismes les plus efficaces de résolution des litiges découlant des projets de PPPPublic-private partnership is an instrument for achieving development objectives in Egypt. On the international level, the use of the PPP model raises complicated challenges and difficulties. The complex nature of such projects increase the probability of disputes between the parties. The comparative analysis of the British and French experience allows the elaboration of a reference for the Egyptian government in the legal and economicreforms. In order to improve the management of PPP projects in Egypt, two approaches can be addressed in our research. First, the development of an effective risk management methodology through the analysis of the types of risk associated with PPP during the life cycle of the project. Second, the presentation of the most effective mechanisms for the resolution of disputes arising from PPP projects
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Mansaray, Alhassan A. "Public-Private Partnership : countries' attractiveness and the risk of project failure." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33333.
Анотація:
The primary objective of this thesis is to analyse the public private partnership (PPP) framework for infrastructure development in developing countries across the six regions of the world. The thesis utilises the World Bank's private participation in infrastructure (PPI) dataset for the period 1980–2014, and examines three thematic areas. The first comprises of an exploratory analysis of the PPI dataset. The second research area focuses on the relationship between countries' attractiveness for PPPs and the characteristics of the countries, including: macroeconomic and market; fiscal constraints; regulatory and governance; and experience in PPPs, by utilising the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial and Cragg's Double Hurdle models in an attempt to model private investors' decision to engage in PPPs as separate participation and consumption decisions. The third research area employs the methodology of survival analysis to investigate the risk of failure of PPP projects based on the allocation of residual facility ownership between the partners. The thesis's primary contributions include the utilisation of a wider and more informative range of econometric methodologies which have not been previously applied to the PPI dataset, and for the first time also, provides a framework to select an appropriate structure for PPPs that will enhance project survival. A key finding of the thesis is that private investors prioritise macroeconomic and market variables, such as price stability over regulatory and governance variables, such as corruption, in their determination as to which country to engage in PPPs. Contrary to previous research, corruption was found to be of no consequence to private investors who wish to engage in PPPs even for developing countries. Another key finding is that PPP projects which confer residual ownership on the public sector have lower risk of failure than those for which such ownership is conferred on the private sector. Evidence also suggests that the size of the project and the participation of multilateral institutions in PPPs also affect the risk of project failure.
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Babatunde, Solomon. "Developing public private partnership strategy for infrastructure delivery in Nigeria." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/27295/.
Анотація:
The success of any public-private partnership (PPP) project in a country is largely dependent on the country’s maturity on critical success factors (CSFs) that made PPP projects successful. Thus, identification of metrics and standards for measuring the maturity of stakeholder organisations on CSFs for PPP projects implementation remains a challenge. Though studies on CSFs for PPP projects abound, approaches of using CSFs to develop PPP process maturity received scarce attention. Against this backdrop, this research becomes imperative to create efficient and transparent operational strategies with a view to using CSFs to develop process maturity for stakeholder organisations in PPP projects in Nigeria. Data for the research were obtained through mixed methods approach namely: quantitative and qualitative approaches. Questionnaires were administered on five different stakeholder organisations comprised public sector authorities (i.e. ministries, department, and agencies), concessionaires, local lenders/banks, consultants, and contractors involved in different PPP projects implementation in Nigeria. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, the qualitative approach was conducted through an expert forum and six PPP infrastructure project case studies in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. The expert forum was constituted to refine and verify the conceptual framework developed. Also, structured interviews were conducted with primary stakeholders in the six PPP infrastructure project case studies in the study area. The research identified fourteen CSFs that made PPP infrastructure projects successful in Nigeria. These CSFs were employed for capability maturity levels definition ranging from level 1(Ad hoc) to level 5(Optimising) in accordance to Capability Maturity Model (CMM) concept. This led to the development of stakeholder organisations capability enhancement framework (SOCEF) in PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The framework was validated by PPP experts to ensure it is comprehensive, objective, practical, replicable, reliable, and suitable for use in Nigeria. Thus, a quantitative assessment tool was developed with the framework in assessing the current capability maturity levels of stakeholder organisations involved in PPP infrastructure projects on fourteen CSFs identified in this research. The findings revealed that public sector organisations were between maturity level 1 and maturity level 2 (out of 5 maturity levels) on CSFs applicable to them. The majority of the private sector organisations were in maturity level 2 on CSFs associated with them. It is established in this research that Nigeria’s maturity is between maturity level 1 and maturity level 2 (out of 5 maturity levels) on CSFs that made PPP infrastructure projects successful. The findings emanated from this research provided both the theoretical and practical contributions to knowledge. The theoretical contributions include the methodology for developing capability maturity levels in PPPs, new insights into the usefulness of CSFs in PPP projects, and contributed to the wider body of knowledge of process improvement in the construction industry at large. The practical contributions are the capability level definitions and enhancement framework for PPP practice, and the specific CSFs for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The framework developed in this research had provided the benchmark for the identification of methodical approach and standard to process improvement in PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. It is believed that the framework would provide a useful guide and roadmaps for improvement by indicating ‘what’ needs to be done by stakeholder organisations involved in PPP projects in achieving higher capability maturity levels on identified CSFs for PPP projects in Nigeria and developing countries at large. Thus, the framework could be used to benchmark future studies.
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Dorvil, Louigueur. "Private sector participation in integrated sustainable solid waste management in low- and middle income countries." kostenfrei, 2007. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/3381.
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Keränen, O. (Outi). "Developing public-private partnerships in centralized public procurement." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221687.
Анотація:
Abstract This thesis increases the understanding of public-private partnerships (PPPs) by examining their development in a centralized public procurement context. The thesis discusses on how the actors in centralized public procurement participate in the development of PPPs and what drives and challenges the actors to transit from traditional transactional arm’s length tendering to partnership thinking in public procurement. The PPP research is integrated into the research stream of Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) and the interaction approach to recognize PPPs as socially constructed during the public procurement process. The triadic approach is applied to regard PPP development as dynamic and examine the relationship dynamics between the three actors of centralized public procurement. The empirical setting of the thesis rests on a qualitative case study design using two cases. It analyzes PPP development in a standardized product procurement of food and a more diversified service procurement of home nursing. The empirical data is primarily acquired through qualitative interviews, which are supported by information from written documents and seminars on procurement regulations and procedures. The thesis shows that the development of PPPs in the context of centralized public procurement is an ongoing and dynamic process, in which the three actors actively participate by initiating, building, and facilitating the development process. The thesis further finds that cooperative interaction contributes to PPP development by increasing knowledge exchange and promoting the transition from transactional procurement logic to partnering in public procurement. The procurement type and the network in which the PPP is embedded influence the process by reflecting the actors’ ways of participating in the process and how trust is built between them. The thesis further shows how relationship dynamics influence the process in the triadic setting; that is, the procurement logic of a single actor or the logic underlying the relationship of two actors engender and intensify the problems or promote the partnership thinking in the triad. The findings of this thesis aid managers to identify how they can proactively foster the development of PPPs in centralized public procurement, and identify the influence of relationship dynamics on the processTiivistelmä Tässä väitöskirjassa keskitytään julkisten ja yksityisten organisaatioiden välisten kumppanuussuhteiden kehittämiseen keskitetyssä julkisessa hankintakontekstissa. Tutkimus tarkastelee sitä, kuinka keskitetyn hankintakontekstin kolme eri toimijaa osallistuvat suhteen kehittämiseen ja sitä, mikä edistää ja haittaa heidän siirtymistä perinteisestä transaktionaalisesta kilpailutuksesta kohti kumppanuutta. Tutkimus yhdistää julkisten ja yksityisten organisaatioiden välistä kumppanuutta käsittelevää kirjallisuutta teollisen markkinoinnin ja ostamisen tutkimukseen sekä erityisesti vuorovaikutusnäkökulmaan, koska kumppanuus ymmärretään työssä sosiaalisena ja vuorovaikutteisena prosessina, joka kehittyy hankintaprosessissa. Työ hyödyntää myös triadia näkökulmaa kolmen toimijan välisen kumppanuuden dynamiikkojen tutkimiseksi. Tutkimuksessa toteutettiin laadullinen kahden tapauksen tapaustutkimus, jossa kumppanuuden kehittämistä analysoitiin standardoidussa ruokatuotehankinnassa ja kotihoidon palveluhankinnassa. Työn aineisto on kerätty haastatteluiden kautta, ja sitä on tuettu kirjallisten dokumenttien ja julkisen hankinnan seminaarien kautta kerätyn tiedon kautta. Tutkimuksessa esitetään, että julkisten ja yksityisten organisaatioiden välisten kumppanuussuhteiden kehittäminen keskitetyssä hankintaprosessissa on jatkuva ja dynaaminen prosessi, johon kolme toimijaa osallistuvat aktiivisesti käynnistämällä, luomalla tai tukemalla prosessia. Työssä tunnistetaan myös, että yhteistyöllinen vuorovaikutus edistää kumppanuutta lisäämällä tiedon vaihdantaa ja tukemalla toimijoiden siirtymistä perinteisestä transaktionaalisesta hankinta-logiikasta kohti kumppanuutta. Hankintatyyppi ja laajempi verkosto, johon suhde on kytkeytynyt, vaikuttavat siihen, kuinka toimijat osallistuvat kumppanuuden kehittämiseen ja kuinka luottamus siinä syntyy. Tutkimus havainnollistaa myös kumppanuuden kehittämisen dynamiikkaa triadissa suhteessa. Yhden toimijan tai kahden toimijan välisten ongelmien huomattiin synnyttävän ja voimistavan ongelmien kehittymistä kaikkien kolmen toimijan välillä ja toisin päin; yhden toimijan tai kahden toimijan välinen kumppanuus vahvistaa kumppanuutta triadissa. Tutkimus tarjoaa yritysjohdolle tietoa siitä, kuinka kumppanuutta voi vahvistaa keskitetyssä julkisessa hankinnassa ja siitä, kuinka tunnistaa prosessiin vaikuttavia dynamiikkoja
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Sako, Alassane. "Réflexion sur le cadre juridique des marchés publics internationaux dans les stratégies de développement." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ0014.
Анотація:
Les marchés publics internationaux (MPI) occupent une place importante dans les flux de l'aide publique au développement. En tant que le canal d'exécution des projets de développement, ils sont un trait d'union entre les États et entités bénéficiaires des financements et les détenteurs desdits financements, qu'il s'agisse des institutions multilatérales spécialisées ou dans le cadre de relations bilatérales. Dans le même sens, ils sont au carrefour des relations entre les acteurs précités et ceux du secteur privé qui rentrent en compétition pour l'obtention de ces marchés.Notre étude vise à cerner dans sa formulation, son contenu et son orientation, le cadre juridique de cet instrument phare des stratégies de développement, tout en le questionnant par rapport aux enjeux dudit développement.Il ressort de notre analyse que la formulation et l'évolution du cadre juridique des marchés publics internationaux sont déterminées par de nombreux enjeux. Ceux-ci s'étendent au-delà du développement des pays béné-ficiaires pour embrasser les enjeux globaux du commerce international et ceux particuliers de la préservation des intérêts des parties prenantes au financement. Il s'ensuit que c'est un cadre juridique marqué par une forte empreinte des singularités du droit international économique. Il est également caractérisé par une tendance nette à l'harmonisation.Dans le cadre des marchés publics internationaux, il est notoire que l'harmonisation internationale emprunte le canal régional qui facilite l'implémentation des objectifs des acteurs internationaux tout en répondant à certaines problématiques propres aux niveaux nationaux. Dans cette perspective, les organisations d'intégration économique régionales préexistantes jouent un rôle fondamental.Le choix de l'étude du cadre juridique de l'harmonisation des marchés publics de l'UEMOA nous permet d'analyser cette tendance. L'analyse du cas singulier de la Côte d'Ivoire fait ressortir les enjeux et les challenges liés à la transposition de ce cadre juridique au niveau national. Il apparaît que même si les réformes régionales tenant compte des exigences internationales ont été largement appliquées, des défis demeurent.Enfin, dans l'optique d'un développement économico-social reflétant la vision et les enjeux propres aux pays concernés, la transposition symétrique des modèles internationaux au niveau national n'est pas toujours opportune. Ils doivent être adaptés au contexte particulierInternational public procurement holds a central role in official development assistance flows. As the channel for the execution of development projects, it is a link between the States and entities benefiting from the financing and the holders of those financing, whether they are specialized multilateral institutions or within the framework of bilateral relations. In the same way, it stands at the crossroads of relations between the afore-mentioned actors and those of the private sector which compete to obtain these markets.Our study aims to identify in its formulation, its content and its orientation, the legal framework of this flagship instrument of development strategies, while questioning it in relation to the challenges of said development.Our analysis shows that the formulation and evolution of the legal framework for international public procurement are determined by many issues. These extend beyond the development of the beneficiary countries to embrace the global issues of international trade and those specific to the preservation of the interests of the stakeholders in the financing. It follows that it is a legal framework marked by a strong imprint of the singularities of international economic law. It is also characterized by a clear trend towards harmonization.In the context of international public procurement, it is notable that the international harmonization of the legal framework uses the regional channel which facilitates the implementation of the objectives of international actors while responding to certain problems specific to national levels. In this perspective, the preexisting regional economic integration organizations play a fundamental role.In order to analyze this trend, we choose to study the harmonization process of the public procurement legal framework of WAEMU. Then, the analysis of the singular case of Côte d'Ivoire highlights the issues and challenges related to the transposition of this legal framework at the national level. It appears that even if regional reforms taking into account international requirements have been widely implemented, challenges remain.Finally, with regards to an economic and social development reflecting the vision and challenges specific to the beneficiary countries, the symmetrical transposition of international models at the national level is not always appropriate. They must be adapted to the particular context
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Mohd, Yusof Zatun Najahah. "The role of university-industry-government relationship in cluster development : the case of MSC Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20387.
Анотація:
Malaysia is a transition economic country that aims to be a developed country by 2020. In realising this mission (Vision 2020), the cluster concept has been an interest and adopted by the central authorities. There are few years ahead to reach the targeted year and it interest of this study to investigate the relevant development on its own engineered cluster of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) that was put forward on the success of Silicon Valley in the US. This thesis focuses on the development of the MSC cluster in the Malaysia context. It examines and measures the state of the cluster, the role played by its core actors (from Triple Helix perspective) and their relationship in the MSC. The role of collaboration has been used to measure the relationship among actors with the key determinants of cluster formation. A mixed data collection method was used to answer the research question and objectives involved. A conceptual model for analysing the MSC cluster is proposed, bringing together insights from the literature on clusters, role of actors, collaborative relationship and the complex systems of innovation approach. This conceptual model uncover the weaknesses of social dimension (social infrastructure) in Porter’s diamond model and the general approach of Triple Helix model in the cluster development. The cluster lifecycle model is used to add the depth to the analysis on the condition of cluster development.
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Cheung, Esther. "Developing a best practice framework for implementing public private partnerships (PPP) in Hong Kong." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28597/.
Анотація:
Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a well established methodology for procuring public works projects. By incorporating the private sector’s expertise, efficiency, innovation, business sense, risk sharing, financing etc. into public works projects, the quality of public services and facilities can be uplifted. Like many jurisdictions, Hong Kong is also keen to take aboard this methodology which is so familiar but yet so distant. Although they have been one of the first jurisdictions to utilise the private sector in public works projects, their comfortable financial reserves has meant that there has been no urge to push the movement until recently. PPP has become increasingly popular amongst governments. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government is no exception. Some of the more active works departments have commissioned studies to investigate the best ways to deliver these projects, others have even trialed the method themselves. The efficiency Unit of the HKSAR government has also become an active arm in conducting research in this area. Although so, the information that is currently available is still very broad. Building from their works there is a need to develop a best practice framework for implementing PPP projects in Hong Kong by incorporating international experiences.
To develop a best practice framework will require thorough investigation into the benefits, difficulties and critical success factor of PPP. PPP should also be compared with other procurement methods. In order to do so it is important to clearly understand the local situation by an analysis of projects conducted to date. Lessons learnt can further be derived from other countries and incorporated to those derived locally. Finally the best conditions in terms of project nature, complexity, types, and scales for adopting PPP should be derived.
The aim and objectives of this study were achieved via a comprehensive literature review, in-depth case analyses, interview survey with experts from both Hong Kong and overseas, and finally a large scale data collection was conducted via a questionnaire survey with PPP practitioners. These findings were further triangulated before they were used as the basis to form the best practice framework presented in this thesis. The framework was then further validated by PPP experts to ensure it is comprehensive, objective, reliable and practical.
This study has presented a methodology that can be adopted for future studies. It has also updated our knowledge on the development trends of PPP as well as opened up the experiences of other jurisdictions. The findings have shown that the local industry is familiar with “what” should be done in PPP projects but they are unsure of “how” these goals can be achieved. This framework has allowed this further knowledge to be delivered to PPP practitioners. As a result, the development of this framework can help to resolve the current economic crisis by encouraging more developments and business opportunities for the private sector. In addition, the correct projects can be delivered by PPP, the advantages of PPP can be maximised, and the general public can benefit from the private sector’s participation.
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Samajpati, Shreejata. "Infectious Disease Risks in Developing Countries: A Non-Market Valuation Exercise." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5479.
Анотація:
This dissertation focuses on the non-market valuation of health-risks of malaria, an infectious disease that imposes a substantive public health burden across the globe, hitting particularly hard the tropical developing nations of Africa and Asia. The United Nations Millennium Development Goals include malaria control as a priority and large investments are underway to promote effective prevention and treatment. Despite such concerted supply-side efforts, malaria-related mortality and morbidity still abound due to a complex interface of factors like climate-change, poverty, inadequate control behavior, infection and prevention externalities, parasite resistance etc. This research project digs into the demand-side of the health problem, considers the "externality" dimension to prevention, and primarily asks the question: how do individuals in developing countries view competing disease-control (prevention) measures, viz. a publicly-administered community-level malaria control measure as against private preventive choices. A theoretical model is developed to help explore the public-private interplay of health risks of malaria. The malaria-endemic regions of Kolkata (India) and its rural fringes comprise the site for an empirical investigation. A field survey (Malaria Risk and Prevention Survey, October-December, 2011) incorporating a mix of stated and revealed preference techniques of health valuation is implemented. Risk-perceptions of respondents are elicited using a measurable visual-aid and individuals' perceived valuations of health-risk reductions, randomly offered with the public and private health treatments, are empirically ascertained. Using a Likelihood Ratio Test on the structural risk parameters, it is seen that individuals' valuations of health risk reductions are the same across the private and public treatments. The comparative valuation exercise, thus, corroborates the externality dimension to malaria control, calling for greater public action to combat malaria. The viability of such a scaled-up public malaria program, in the context of Kolkata, is discussed by comparing the public treatment willingness to pay estimates with the annual estimated costs that the Kolkata Municipal Corporation, the civic body in the city of Kolkata, maintains on account of vector control. Results from the comparative valuation exercises also support the idea that private prevention is generally responsive to prevention costs, indicating the importance of price incentives to induce greater prevention. The issues of health valuation and price sensitivity are further explored across various split-samples differentiated on the basis of socio-economic attributes, disease exposure, actual prevention efforts and perceived malaria risks of survey respondents. Such auxiliary exercises help analyze the valuation question in greater depth, and generate policy insights into the potential factors that shape private prevention behavior.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Economics
Business Administration
Economics
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Komeh, Tamba Fillie. "The Effects of Private Investment on Growth in Sub Saharan African Between 1990-2008." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19363.
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Ahmad, Ala'eddin Mohamad Khalaf. "The impact of competitive environment on the service marketing mix strategy of health organisations in developing countries : Jordanian private sector hospital senior managers perspective." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2007. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4614/.
Анотація:
The environment of Jordanian private hospitals has never been so complex and challenging as at present. There are huge influences on these hospitals in the current climate. Managers in these hospitals are finding themselves, more than ever before, confronted by increasing pressures and demands which they must seek to understand and respond to in their service marketing mix strategy in order to achieve effective strategic marketing in terms of their choice of service marketing mix strategy components (namely health service, pricing, distribution, promotion, physical evidence, process, and personal strategies). This research, therefore, investigates the influence competitive environment factors have on the service marketing mix strategy components made by Jordanian private hospital managers, and on the reality of the Jordanian private hospital marketing. The literature review reveals that there is an extensive body of research that addresses service marketing mix strategy in general but there is less emphasis on the health sector. Moreover, evidence of the impact of a competitive environment on service marketing mix strategy and hospital performance measurements' criteria in the hospital industry is limited. In order to explore this issue, a triangulation method was used to collect primary data through a questionnaire, which was administered in the private sector hospitals in the six Jordanian governorates and, via in-depth semi structured interviews with hospital managers and experts in the health services in Jordan. All Jordanian general private sector hospitals were targeted in this research rather than a representative sample of these hospitals. A purposive sampling strategy was used to choose the participants in this research. In total, - 143 senior managers (general manager, administrative manager, medical manager, public relation manager, marketing manager, and out patients clinic manager) participated in this study. The results confirm significant differences in the influence of competitive environment factors on service marketing mix strategy components. They also reveal that the components of the marketing mix strategy have varied significant and insignificant influence on the hospital performance, which demonstrates that the hospital performance phenomenon is complicated and multi-dimensional in nature. Furthermore, the results exhibit that hospital managers might benefit more by placing more emphasis on an integrated service marketing mix strategy and recognising the competitive environment influences on their hospitals. The results also highlight several implications for future research in health services marketing and fills in several gaps in the existing literature on health services marketing. This research contributes to the academic and practical knowledge as being one of the first attempts to investigate empirically the impact of the competitive environment on service marketing mix strategy. As such, the influences of service marketing mix strategy on hospitals' performance criteria, identifying the main concerns and problems which face the management and marketing in Jordanian private sector hospitals, are explored in addition to recognising the vital roles of marketing in improving the hospital performance. This research integrates, refines and extends the empirical work conducted in the field of health services marketing in developing countries. It raises many implications for managers in these hospitals, such as considering the importance of influences by competitive environment on marketing mix strategy and the vital role this strategy plays in the performance of Jordanian private sector hospitals. This research provides useful guidelines for further and future research possibilities such as exploring the influence of the competitive environment factors influence on hospital performance criteria.
25
Danek, Julius (Julius Bruno Sherlock Othmar). "A functional perspective to planning waste systems in developing countries : strategies for the public and private sector : A case study of Muzaffarnagar, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99035.
Анотація:
Thesis: M. Fin., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Master of Finance Program, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 70-76).
This thesis introduces a new framework for establishing waste systems in developing countries. The functional perspective is a stand-alone extension of integrated sustainable waste management. In January 2015 the functional perspective was applied to analyze the waste system of Muzaffarnagar, India, and to propose solutions to existing problems. The functional perspective was found to be helpful as a theoretical framework guiding waste system design processes for decision makers both in the public as well as private sector.
by Julius Danek.
M. Fin.
26
Kassim, Salha M. "Sustainability of private sector in solid waste collection: a case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/2336.
Анотація:
This research examines the sustainability of private sector participation in urban service delivery in developing countries. The solid waste collection service in Dar es Salaam – Tanzania was used as a case study. Municipalities in Tanzania have not been able to cope with the rapid generation rate of solid waste coupled by the rapid urbanization. This resulted in a relatively large quantity of solid waste remaining poorly managed and uncollected, which left an obvious gap for other stakeholders to participate in service provision. The private sector took the opportunity, in the early 1960s, to fill the gap left by the public sector in service provision. The research found that there are factors affecting the sustainability of the private sector, which include: support from the public sector; capacity from the private sector in terms of collection vehicles and equipment; households’ attitudes and behaviour regarding the privatization of the service; the awareness and participation of households in the service; and involvement of households in decision-making. The research also identified that there is a missing-link between the households, public sector administration and the private sector. The research concludes that, taking into consideration the above factors, the proposed guidelines formulated in this study illustrate ways in which private sector involvement in solid waste collection in urban developing countries will be sustainable.
27
Peterson, Timothy John. "The Relationship Between a Private Voluntary Organization and the Government of a Developing Country in the Delivery of Public Education: A Case Study in Rural Guatemala." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1375.
Анотація:
As government agencies face a complexity of economic and political issues the availability and utilization of resources through private voluntary organizations (PVOs) have become increasingly important. A review of the literature covering the role of PVOs in developing countries indicates the significant contribution these agencies can have in the development process. There are only a handful of situations where small organizations are working directly with a government agency in the provision of a public service. Theoretically, PVOs are adaptable to a variety of settings, are effective conduits for delivering aid to the grassroots level, and are able to initiate long term development activity. This study considers these characteristics in the midst of the relationship that exists between a foreign PVO and a host government in the delivery of public education to a rural indigenous population.
A U.S. based organization named "Adopt-A-School" has been working in 3 districts of northern Guatemala's Cuchumatanes Highlands since 1984. The focus of its work has been to provide students in selected public schools with basic supplies (e.g., paper, notebooks, pencils, and dictionaries). The organizational structure of the PVO consists of a constituency group from whom donations are received, a board of directors that manages the available resources, and field workers who implement the program. The analysis of this PVO-government relationship is based on qualitative and quantitative data collected by interviewing participants on local and national levels, distributing questionnaires to teachers (N = 156) and PVO donors (N = 32), and performing participant observations in selected communities and schools.
The decisions regarding site selection have been important factors in the effectiveness of the AAS program and has contributed to the strength of its durability. Data indicate that the longevity and replication of this program rests on the fragile relationship network that exists between the PVO, its donors, and the host-government. This study shows that foreign PVOs can play a significant role in local communities by encouraging the growth and development of new structures that link grassroots organizations with those who maintain economic and political power.
28
Pacheco, Douglas Vladimir, and na. "Re-deploying State Capacities: The Project of Financial Deregulation in Costa Rica (1980-2000)." Griffith University. School of Humanities, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040524.125316.
Анотація:
Observers of neo-liberal persuasion claim that a financial system free of government regulation can lead to better allocation of resources and if the actual process of deregulation is done properly, the results can benefit society as a whole. Deregulation requires dismantling those state-based banking structures that are perceived as economically inefficient. This approach sets up a dichotomy between financial deregulation, which is portrayed as an intrinsic part of economic progress, and state regulation, which is seen as a force that interferes with entrepreneurial freedom and efficiency. This thesis argues that such a dichotomy can only be possible within the dominant neo-liberal discourses on the economy that have displaced Keynesian style economic management in core and peripheral areas of the world. Following Marxist structural approaches I also argue that financial deregulation is a class-based project that opens up profit sites and reflects the crisis in capitalist accumulation occurring in the latter part of the 20th century. Unlike neo-liberal followers I contend that the role of the state in maintaining and/or transforming capitalist structures in order to achieve certain outcomes (whatever they might be) is crucial in nation-building strategies in peripheral countries such as Costa Rica. As in many other countries, credit allocation was actively used in this country, for some thirty years in order to achieve high levels of investment, economic planning and re-distributive policies. However, the once fully nationalised banking system, as one of the few mechanisms available to the state to regulate savings and offer credit to different socio-economic groups, has gone through dramatic changes in the period from 1980-2000. Using a modified version of Hirschman's exit/voice framework for financial systems and available institutional data, I suggest that Costa Rica has moved from having a financial system that was predominantly owned by the state (public) and whose institutional arrangements were elite-led to one whose ownership is mixed but still led by elites. However if the trend persists I anticipate that it will become a predominantly privately owned system with an equal mixture of elite-voice and exit institutions.
29
Loum-Neeser, N'deye fatou. "Les pays en développement et la brevetabilité des médicaments en matière de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA : étude de droit comparé sur les controverses actuelles concernant le rôle des brevets pharmaceutiques dans l'accès aux médicaments de traitement du VIH/SIDA des pays en voie de développement." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA034/document.
Анотація:
Dans les pays en développement (PED), les problèmes engendrés par le VIH/SIDA et l’inaccessibilité des antirétroviraux (ARV) s’avèrent être la cause de ravages extrêmement préoccupants à tous les niveaux (démographique, politique, social et économique). Dans le cadre de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), et notamment de l’Accord sur les aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (« Accord sur les ADPIC »), un nombre croissant de PED ont ou sont en train d’intégrer un standard international de protection des brevets de produits et de procédés pharmaceutiques à leur législation nationale. Cette intégration a eu et continue de jouer un rôle majeur dans la problématique de l’accès aux médicaments dans les PED. Les conditions et les effets du régime de protection des innovations suscitent de vifs débats entre les partisans d’une protection accrue des brevets et les défenseurs de l’accès aux médicaments essentiels. Une des principales motivations de notre travail de recherche est de fournir une étude permettant de trouver des solutions à la fois favorables à l’amélioration de l’accès aux médicaments et à la préservation de l’innovation. Le problème complexe de l’accès aux médicaments ARV dans les PED est influencé par la pluridisciplinarité et l’interdépendance de nombreux facteurs. Le système des brevets ne constitue pas « l’unique » solution au problème. Toutefois, il doit être plus sérieusement considéré dans sa fonction d’équilibrage entre l’intérêt privé et l’intérêt collectif. C’est un outil juridique précieux pour le développement économique et technologique des PED et la réalisation de l’intérêt commun contre la pandémieIn developing countries, problems brought about by HIV/AIDS and inaccessibility of antiretrovirals (ARVs) are proving to be the cause of serious damages at all levels (demographic, political, social and economic). Within the context of the World Trade Organization, and in particular the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”), a growing number of developing countries have integrated or are in the process of integrating into their national law an international standard of patent protection for pharmaceutical products and processes. Such integration continues to play a major role in the issue of access to medicines in developing countries. The conditions and effects of the protection regime respecting innovations give rise to heated debates between supporters of an increased patent protection and defenders of the access to essential medicines. One of the main motivations for our research is to provide a study that helps to find solutions that are both in favour of improving access to medicines and protecting innovation. The complex problem of access to ARV drugs in developing countries is influenced by the multidisciplinarity and interdependence of many factors. The patent system does not solve the problem on its own. However, it should be seriously considered in its function of balancing the private and collective interests. It is a valuable legal tool for the economic and technological development of the developing countries and to achieve the common interest against the pandemic
30
Abu, Zayed Ahmed. "Reform of higher education within the context of the knowledge economy and societal change in Egypt." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25179.
Анотація:
This study explores models for the reform of higher education in Egypt, and warns of potential consequences arising from the adoption of models based exclusively on the requirements of the knowledge economy and which fail to take account of the public role of national universities, socio-cultural realities and local as well as global pressures. The overall aim of the research is to identify the prerequisites for higher education reform in Egypt and the characteristics of a tailor-made reform model. It explores the role of higher education in Egypt, within the context of international organisations’ reform models for less-developed countries, and identifies the remits of the knowledge economy and knowledge society as frameworks for reforming higher education. This research has sought to answer questions on current conceptions of the role of higher education in Egypt and how these are being challenged by stakeholders. An exploratory study was designed using mixed methods. The research aim and objectives are achieved through a five-stage research process. The findings showed a general discontent among students and academics with higher education, and a near unanimity on the need for reform, particularly in the areas of teaching methods, curricula and university staff. The findings demonstrated that cultural issues deeply rooted in Egyptian society are preventing reform from being effective. The reform of higher education in Egypt should not only be part of an economic development vision, but a wider strategic vision for societal and cultural reform too. Reforming higher education in Egypt is a challenge, which will require consistent methodological rigour and a transformation of the current corrupted education culture prior to implementing the proposed OECD recommendations, or at the very least concurrent with any implementation.
31
Bukari, Shaibu. "Parts unknown : a critical exploration of Fishers' social constructs of child labour in Ghana." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61740/.
Анотація:
This study from the onset sought to explore, through a postcolonial critique, the meaning ascribed to child labour by fishers in a fishing community in Ghana. The purpose was to inform practice in social work so that social justice might be achieved for working children and their parents. However the study expanded, methodologically and theoretically, to preliminarily include a psychoanalytically informed psychosocial and discursive approach, extending the postcolonial critique to develop a nuanced understandings of the fishers' lived experience of, and responses to, children's work. Distinct from the dominant reductionist and positivistic etiologic understandings of child labour, this approach neither derides child labour as morally reprehensible and unequivocally dangerous, nor romanticises its beneficial aspects and links to cultural and traditional beliefs and practices (see Klocker, 2012). Instead, enables understanding of the fishers as ‘defended subjects' who invest in certain discourses as a way of defending against their vulnerable selves. It also affords a critically reflexive understanding of myself as a ‘defended researcher', owing to my semi-insider position as a former child labourer, and of the impact of this on my research relationships and findings. The study is intended to inform social worker practices in order to deal with complex situations concerning the relationship among fishers and their children paying equal attention both to the inner and the social circumstances of the fishers (Wilson, Ruch, Lymbery, & Cooper, 2011). In this regard it is inspired by Mel Gray's (2005) contention that social work practice should be shaped by the extent to which local social, political, economic, historical and cultural factors, as well as local voices, mould and shape social work responses. The study is conducted using critical ethnographic design that draws on the lived experiences of 24 fishers. Attempts were made to explore the fishers' experiences using psychoanalytically informed method (FANI) in addition to other conventional methods. The study highlights the fishers' use of narratives of slavery to explicate child labour. It focuses on the relationships that the fishers' have developed with their children and with the laws surrounding the use of children in work. It gives an indication of how the fishers' violently and aggressively relate with their working children. It also highlights the fishers' rejection of the laws surrounding child labour as being foreign and an imposition which excludes customary laws. The study further examines the identities the fishers developed in relation to laws that regulate them and children's work. It suggests that others see the fishers as powerless subjects who don't matter. It also underscores my shame and worries as a researcher considered by the fishers as an ‘educated elite' who works for ‘white people'. It further highlights how I provided self-justifying explications to defend myself as a researcher. The findings imply that solutions to child labour need to be localised paying equal attention to both the psyche and the social life of the fishers. They speak to the imperative for critical review of social workers/NGOs practices taking into account the unconscious processes that go on between fishers as parents and social workers as service providers. This thesis introduces a psychosocial dimension and insight into debates on child labour in Ghana.
32
Martin, Gregory. "Collaborative and partnership opportunities in the area of research and development for paediatric antiretroviral drugs for low income countries." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4446.
Анотація:
This research was motivated by the urgent need for global health institutions like the World Health Organization and UNITAID to adopt an informed, market based approach to engaging with the research and development pipeline for drugs that treat children infected with the HIV virus. As the market size for these products declines over the next decade, the usual incentives for pharmaceutical and biotech companies to invest in the development of new drugs and new formulations of existing drugs is likely to dwindle. Innovated solutions are needed if a business case is to be made that addresses this important public health need. The objectives of the research include firstly, describing the public health need for research and development into paediatric Antiretroviral drugs; secondly describing the various stakeholders and their interests; and finally exploring and indentifying potential collaborative / partnership opportunities that can be employed to address the existing public health need while satisfying the various stakeholder interests at play.
33
Nkwor, Chima Ogbonnaya. "Public private collaboration: Potentials for spatial data infrastructure development in developing countries - A caste study of Nigeria." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8276.
Анотація:
Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.Many countries across the world embark on the building of SDI to facilitate the sustainable development of their country. However the challenge of developing such infrastructure to a large extent depends on its implementation, which is significant that no single sector can address alone without collaboration and partnership. Public Private Partnership (PPP) is among the strategies currently adovated for SDI development by various SDI experts. This research therefore analyzes SDI development with reference to the institutional arrangements, policy and technology components of SDI and PPP case experiences of Australia, Canada, United States and the Netherlands from developed countries and on the other hand, Egypt and South Africa from the developing countries. A questionnaire survey and literature review was carried out on relevant GI organizations to ascertain the status of the NGDI development and the potentials of PPP in the geospatial sector in Nigeria. The analysis reveals that PPP has a high level of acceptance among respondents as an approach in the future for the development of SDI in Nigeria. However, absence of SDI policy directive, coordination of donor funded projects in the sector are identified as major hurdles that has to be overcome for the success of SDI development through PPP in Nigeria. Moreover, comparative analysis of the selected cases shows some unique similarities and differences between developed and developing countries. Thus, it is acknowledged that public and private sectors, by nature are complementary and hence effective PPP can only be created through “mutually designed, analyzed and accepted instruments of cooperation and collaboration”. In conclusion, for SDI development to be achieved successfully through PPP approach deliberate and sincere effort need to be made by the government to create enabling environment for the private sector participations in the sector. This, therefore, involves among others the passing of the long awaited GI policy in the country, creating better environment for dialogue between the government and the private sectors, promotion of talk shows and workshops for public awareness in new SDI concepts.
34
Moleme, Tshiamo. "Developing infrastructure through public-private partnership : the case of Maputo corridor / Tshiamo Moleme." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15990.
Анотація:
The development of infrastructure has always been one of the greatest challenges faced by the South
African government since the advent of democracy in 1994. Recognizing this challenge, government
committed itself to the pursuit of Public-Private Partnerships for the development of infrastructure as
early as 1996. SANRAL and Transnet are the two national agencies responsible for the development of
transportation infrastructure in the country. While both agencies are battling to fulfill their mandates,
SANRAL seems to be the one battling the most. The organization is responsible for all national and
some provincial roads. Between the years 2000-2011, they reported profits for only three periods while
incurring losses for the rest. SANRAL faces a daunting task. Firstly, their annual budget allocation from
government is insufficient to address the backlogs on their non-toll roads network. Secondly, they are
not allowed to cross-subsidize non-toll roads with revenue from the toll roads. Lastly, they have been
requested by parliament to double their roads network.
The aim of this study was to analyse the development of transportation infrastructure through Public
Private Partnerships with focus on the Maputo Development Corridor, a cross-border transportation
corridor initiative implemented by the governments of South Africa and Mozambique through Public Private
Partnerships. The analysis was carried out using secondary research data as well as other data
on the case study. The objectives of this study were adapted from those of the Maputo Development
Corridor and then analysed in terms of the rationale for Public-Private Partnerships, their benefits and
limitations as discussed in the Public-Private Partnerships literature reviewed.
The findings of this study are that in general the purpose of using Public-Private Partnerships for the
Maputo Corridor Development was achieved as there were more high benefits than low benefits.
However, the initiative as a whole has failed to delivery sufficiently on social aspects such as job
creation. The initiative has also failed to mitigate the high negative impacts of the limitations. It should
be noted that the results of this study are an interpretation of the researcher and this interpretation is
based purely on the data obtained. This study calls for further research to be carried out on the socioeconomic
benefits of tolling of roads through Public-Private Partnerships based on the challenges faced
by SANRAL as discussed above as well as the current public opposition to the tolling of roads.Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2012
35
Chan, Tzu-Jung, and 詹子瑢. "The Features of Public Private Partnership - An Example of Developing Electric Vehicle in Hangzhou China." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43973t.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
管理研究所
103
China search a new energy strategy due to it has become staggeringly dependent on oil imported. Today, 58% of China's oil imports come from other countries and even more it will stand on 70% by coming 2015. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) projects that China will surpass the United States as the largest net oil importer soon. The private automobiles demand has been stimulated by phenomenal economic development rate. However traditional hybrid that mostly on gasoline engines which is unbeneficial not only environment protection but also against Chinese strategy. Thus, China implement new regulations which include with vehicle emission performance standard, restriction on vehicle licensing, increasing fuel to encourage their people to drive electric vehicle accordingly. Weighed down by a property downturn, industrial output and investment continued to slow, China's economic growth is expected to slow to a quarter-century low of around 7 percent this year from 7.4 percent in 2014, despite expected additional stimulus measures. To encourage the private investment, the state council declared they will choose 80 projects with the participation of social capital in May 2014. In December 2014, the Ministry of Finance announced 30 public items to proceed with PPP. PPP. It can decrease local government’s financing burden and meanwhile increase industrial output and investment for economy growth purpose. From the research, we know the electric vehicles can reduce the transportation cost per kilometer. It will enhance private enterprise’s competitive ability at same time. However the environmental energy saving belongs to public issues and the government policy is crucial for electric vehicles industry development. Chinese government know the Hangzhou electric vehicles policy will perform progressive benefit in the future. They also realize their advantage which is the distinctiveness of land nationalization but encounter challenge with insufficient gasoline engine technology and more smog harm issues recently. Eventually, they find out shortcut of developing electric vehicle industry and improve product technology via market experience. If to implement PPP mode is successful and it could accelerate the market acceptance, enlarge market scale and to take the preemptive position of world class electric vehicles. It also means to become leading electric vehicles factory and creating jobs opportunity in the meantime. China does play brilliant battle in energy battle with electric vehicles by implement PPP strategy.
36
Pramudawardhani, Dinar, and Dinar Pramudawardhani. "Key Drivers, Critical Success Factors and Risk Allocation for Public-Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects: Comparisons between five countries." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22448566186935192590.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
102
Public private partnership (PPP) is an effective and well-established strategy for procuring infrastructure. Although many countries have implemented PPP for infrastructure development in recent years, not all have been successful. Most PPP implementation failures result from inappropriate risk allocation and lack of information about success factors within their countries. This research compared key drivers, critical success factors (CSFs), and preferred risk allocation in PPPs performed in Indonesia, Taiwan, Singapore, China and UK. Mean value analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and dimensional grid were used to analyze and compare those categories. Data for PPPs in Taiwan, Singapore, China and UK were obtained by comprehensive literature reviews. Meanwhile, Indonesia data were obtained by structural survey of PPP practitioners and academicians. Considering Indonesia as a baseline, the results reveal that Indonesia and Taiwan have several similar key drivers’ indicators. Furthermore, comparisons with several countries showed that Indonesia CSFs are most similar to China CSFs. Regarding risk allocation preference, the analytical results indicate that Singapore has the most similarity with Indonesia. The contribution of this study is to provide useful information for potential investors in PPP projects so that they can improve their understanding of key drivers, CSFs and risk allocation in the researched counties. International investors can then apply investment strategies based on the similarities and differences in each country.
37
Lopez, Dodero Abel. "Planning Public Transport Improvements in Mexico: Analysis of the Influence of Private Bus Operators in the Planning Process." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7581.
Анотація:
In Mexico, transportation planning deals with unique social, political, financial and cultural elements when promoting mobility solutions. These elements include the opportunity costs of public investments, institutional barriers and changes in the political agenda. Other important element is the influence of existing private bus operator. Bus provision is offered by a disproportionate number of small private enterprises, single concessionaries and unregulated providers. Today, many of these entities have gained political power and, often, resist attempts to improve public transportation. The recommended solution to overcome political problem created from the opposition from private providers includes the introduction of franchise systems. Franchising systems under strict institutional regulations support the incorporation of current private providers in the proposed projects. However, incorporating bus operators into any form of system under franchise system implies major changes in private providers’ business and routines. Franchising implies moving from concession-owner-driver to simple employee or shareholder of the new system. Franchising also results in having to change routines associated with the operation. Understandably, these changes generate resistance, delaying implementations.
In this thesis it is argued that a framework from which the influence of these private providers on transport improvements may be evaluated is critically important. This framework can contribute to knowledge about the political feasibility of projects. Private bus operators can exert an influence on system technology and on the selection of areas for improvements. Based on qualitative and quantitative methods, this thesis frames, analyzes, formalizes and quantifies the impact of private bus operators in government attempts to improve transit provision. A fieldwork methodology was employed to identify the factors that influence private bus operators’ reactions to transit improvements. Using a logistic regression, these factors are statistically evaluated. Results show that several variables in which the government exert a direct influence (that related with trust, the legal recognition to operate and taxation) on private bus operators’ willingness to participate in transit improvements. Other important variables include those associated with the (i) characteristics of private bus operators; (ii) the nature of the business activity; and (iii) private bus operators’ perceptions about business having created for extensive period of time. Rationalizing the influence of private bus operators’ influence on the planning process of transit improvements contributes to maximizing the political feasibility of completion.
38
Massey, Sarah. "The experience of service privatization in developing countries : the case of South Africa's PPP prisons." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4204.
Анотація:
Privatization, and particularly privatization of services, is a worldwide trend that has grown tremendously over the past 25 years. This growth has been particularly pronounced in developing countries in recent years. Prison services is one of many sectors that has contracted with the private sector, however, until South Africa outsourced the design, construction, finance, and operation of two maximum security prisons to the private sector for a period of 25 years, private prison companies were only involved in some developed countries. Many argue that the sector's involvement in South Africa signals its intention to expand throughout the developing world, and undoubtedly, South Africa's experience will be influential in the future growth of this sector in such countries. This paper aims to explore the experience of South Africa's public-private partnership (PPP) prisons thus far, within a context of international and domestic service privatization, in order to identify key trends and issues which may be relevant to future private sector involvement in prisons and other service sectors. Research was conducted qualitatively, with a total of 12 interviews carried out telephonically and in person. Respondents included members of the government, PPP prison administrations, and members of civil society in order to gain as wide a perspective as possible. An extensive review of the literature, as well as relevant government sources, was also undertaken. While these prisons have certainly brought benefits to South Africa's correctional service, a number of key concerns about private sector involvement in service provision were identified through this research. Firstly, the whole experience, starting with the initial decision, has lacked transparency and debate. Although contracting with the private sector was supposed to lead to increased efficiency and reduced cost, the prisons have, in fact, led to unexpected high costs and risks for the DCS. Furthermore, private sector involvement has led to a tiering of prison services, with PPP prison services generally much better than the public sector. Finally, the research indicates that there are serious questions to be raised about the effectiveness of the regulation of this sector and whether PPP prison companies are truly being held accountable by government.Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2005.
39
Brown, Alvin H. "Public management reform in developing countries An empirical investigation of operational and financial efficiency of private versus public airports in Latin America and the Caribbean /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1021.
40
Yaklyushyna, Oleksandra. "Nevládní neziskové organizace jako externí "dodavatelé" sociální politiky ve státech, kde neexistuje vlastní sociální politika." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435137.
Анотація:
The effectiveness of development cooperation is currently widely discussed. Development cooperation has come to be criticized, both in terms of its appropriateness and for failing to address some of the global challenges that affect poorer nations. Respecting the differences of developing countries, therefore, plays an important role. It is a question of whether developed countries are aware of cultural and other differences and are proceeding in their help concerning these differences. The problem that the thesis wants to draw attention to is the functionality of development cooperation, which can be influenced by various actors and their beliefs. The main goal is to try to explain, using the theory named Advocacy Coalition Framework, how the beliefs of actors can affect development cooperation. One of the other partial goals is to find out whether and how advocacy coalitions are formed in the field of development cooperation. The contribution of the work is mainly the critical application of the ACF theory in the field of development cooperation in the environment of the Republic of Kenya, as well as the application of the Q method in the research of the perspectives of selected actors. According to the author, the work can also have other benefits such as providing a new perspective on the issue of...
41
Kapundu, Anny Kalingwishi. "A critical evaluation of the roles and strategies of civil society organisations in development : a case study of Planact in Johannesburg." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23561.
Анотація:
The rise of civil society organisations in South Africa is crucial to development as it contributes to the bridging of the communication gap between civil society and local government organisations and municipalities and promotes access to resources. The contribution of civil society organisations to development has been widely acknowledged as they are involved in service delivery, advocacy, innovation and poverty reduction initiatives. In spite of the development work done by civil society organisations in developing countries, they still face challenges in promoting development as poverty, inequality and unemployment persist. This research focused on the social capital approach as a strategy for the development of local communities in South Africa. The social capital approach involves increasing social stability and enhancement of development issues. Social capital relies on the basic idea that “it is not what you know but who you know”. Social capital refers mostly to social cohesion, which makes a community more committed to better living conditions for all. People in communities have the capacity to improve the quality of their lives with the support of all sectors, civil society, the state and the market by letting the people in communities get involved in all the stages of the programmes because they know better from living in those communities.
Civil society organisations can meaningfully add value to economic and social development in any third world country through their work. The government, the market and civil society can complement each other and add value to the development of the country. This study employed a qualitative research design. It used in-depth interviews, direct observation and focus-group interviews to collect data, which was later transcribed and analysed thematically. The main focus of this study was to critically evaluate the roles and strategies of civil society organisations in the development of South African communities, using Planact as a case study. The specific objectives were to: 1) To explore the role Planact plays in development in Johannesburg; 2) To evaluate how Planact uses social capital as a strategy in promoting development if at all; 3) To explore the challenges of civil society organisations, particularly that of Planact in the development process of poor communities and 4) To make possible recommendations in the light of the roles and strategies of civil societies identified in analysing Planact ‘s strategy in development process for the poor.
This study found that as a civil society organisation Planact is acting as a voice for the voiceless through its advocacy programme. It contributes to policy making, good governance and accountability. In addition, Planact promotes participation and assists in education and training. Planact uses different strategies to promote development in the community, such as mentoring, promoting integrated human settlement, using technology in networking, encouraging participation, community economic development and social organisation. Furthermore, the organisation uses forums, awareness campaigns and empowerment as strategies to promote development in the community. However, the study found that the organisation faces challenges because of limited funding. The community also encounters certain challenges as they engage with the organisation, for example, lack of accountability, unresponsiveness and inaccessibility. It was noted that civil society organisations should adopt a higher priority in development planning and practice and should allow the participation of poor people in the development process.Development Studies
M.A. (S.S.)