Книги: "Radiative fluxes"

1

White, K. Alan. Ignition of cellulosic paper at low radiant fluxes. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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2

WMO/ICSU Joint Scientific Committee. Working Group on Radiative Fluxes. Session. Radiation and climate: Report of the first session of the JSC Working Group on Radiative Fluxes, Greenbelt, USA, 14-17 December 1987. [Geneva]: World Meteorological Organization, 1988.

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3

World Climate Research Programme. Working Group on Radiative Fluxes. Session. Radiation and climate: Report of the fourth session of the WCRP Working Group on Radiative Fluxes (Palm Springs, U.S.A., 24-27 September 1991). [Geneva, Switzerland]: World Meteorological Organization, 1992.

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4

World Climate Research Programme. Working Group on Radiative Fluxes. Session. Radiation and climate: Report of the third session of the WCRP Working Group on Radiative Fluxes (Fort Lauderdale, U.S.A., 12-15, December 1989). [Paris]: International Council of Scientific Unions, 1990.

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5

Welch, Ronald M. The effects of cloud inhomogeneities upon radiative fluxes, and the supply of a cloud truth validation dataset: Semi-annual progress report, period: January-June 1996. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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6

Kanemasu, Edward T. Measuring surface fluxes in CAPE. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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7

O'Brien, D. M. Radiation fluxes and cloud amounts predicted by the CSIRO nine level GCM and observed by ERBE and ISCCP. [Melbourne]: CSIRO Australia, 1993.

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8

Beddini, Robert A. Analysis of turbulent convective and radiative heat transfer in high temperature rocket chamber flows. New York: AIAA, 1987.

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9

Huston, S. L. Space environment effects: Low-altitude trapped radiation model. [Marshall Space Flight Center], Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1998.

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10

L, Blad Blaine, University of Nebraska--Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural Meteorology., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Measuring and modeling near-surface reflected and emitted radiation fluxes at the FIFE site: Final report for period April 15, 1987-May 31, 1990. Lincoln, Neb: Dept. of Agricultural Meteorology, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska--Lincoln, 1990.

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11

Asgari, M. Determination of the neutron and gamma flux distribution in the pressure vessel and cavity of a boiling water reactor. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1990.

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12

Collins, Michael W. Micro and Nano Flow Systems for Bioanalysis. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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13

Chubb, Donald L. Emittance theory for thin film selective emitter. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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14

Chubb, Donald L. Emittance theory for thin film selective emitter. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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15

Chance, Kelly, and Randall V. Martin. Modeling Radiative Transfer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199662104.003.0009.

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Basic concepts and definitions of radiative transfer modeling are introduced. The applicability of single scattering to aerosol retrievals is demonstrated. A two-stream formulation of radiative transfer is introduced. The two streams, upwelling and downwelling radiation, are selected to angularly represent average atmospheric properties: Relatively simple, two-stream calculations form the basis for much practical calculation, particularly of hemispherical fluxes in stratified atmospheres. Following this development, the most usual method for replacing the general integrodifferential equations obtained when setting up a scattering scenario by a system of linear equations is demonstrated.

16

Radiation and climate: Report of second session of the WCRP Working Group on Radiative Fluxes, Geneva, 19-21 October 1988. [Geneva]: International Council of Scientific Unions, World Meteorological Organization, 1989.

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17

R, Frouin, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analysis of long-term cloud cover, radiative fluxes, and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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18

R, Frouin, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analysis of long-term cloud cover, radiative fluxes, and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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19

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The Effects of cloud inhomogeneities upon radiative fluxes, and the supply of a cloud truth validation dataset. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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20

R, Frouin, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Analysis of long-term cloud cover, radiative fluxes, and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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21

Analysis of long-term cloud cover, radiative fluxes, and sea surface temperature in the eastern tropical Pacific. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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22

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The effects of cloud inhomogeneities upon radiative fluxes, and the supply of a cloud truth validation dataset. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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23

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Documenting, Understanding, and Predicting the Aggregate Surface Radiation Fluxes for Sheba. Independently Published, 2018.

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24

C, Puga Lawrence, Busby Wanda S, Air Resources Laboratory, and United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, eds. Temporal characteristics of solar EUV, UV and 10830-A full-disk fluxes. Silver Spring, Md: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Air Resources Laboratory, 1986.

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25

Maggiore, Michele. Basics of FRW cosmology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570899.003.0008.

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An introduction to FRW cosmology. Comoving and physical coordinates and momenta. Background equation for single fluids and multi-components fluids. Radiation dominance, matter dominance, recombination and decoupling. Newtonian cosmology inside the horizon.

26

R, Buch Robert, Kashiwagi Takashi, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Gasification of silicone fluids under external thermal radiation. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1997.

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27

Hoop, Adrianus T. De. Radiation and Scattering of Acoustic Waves in Fluids. SPCK Publishing, 1995.

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28

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Measuring and Modeling near Surface Reflected and Emitted Radiation Fluxes at the Fife Site. Independently Published, 2018.

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29

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Comparison of Measured and Modeled Radiation, Heat and Water Vapor Fluxes: Fife Pilot Study. Independently Published, 2018.

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30

Gavazza, Sergio. Space-time dependent transport, activation, and dose rates for radioactivated fluids. 1992.

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31

Liu, Xiaodong, and Libin Yan. Elevation-Dependent Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.593.

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As a unique and high gigantic plateau, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is sensitive and vulnerable to global climate change, and its climate change tendencies and the corresponding impact on regional ecosystems and water resources can provide an early alarm for global and mid-latitude climate changes. Growing evidence suggests that the TP has experienced more significant warming than its surrounding areas during past decades, especially at elevations higher than 4 km. Greater warming at higher elevations than at lower elevations has been reported in several major mountainous regions on earth, and this interesting phenomenon is known as elevation-dependent climate change, or elevation-dependent warming (EDW).At the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese scholars first noticed that the TP had experienced significant warming since the mid-1950s, especially in winter, and that the latest warming period in the TP occurred earlier than enhanced global warming since the 1970s. The Chinese also first reported that the warming rates increased with the elevation in the TP and its neighborhood, and the TP was one of the most sensitive areas to global climate change. Later, additional studies, using more and longer observations from meteorological stations and satellites, shed light on the detailed characteristics of EDW in terms of mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures and in different seasons. For example, it was found that the daily minimum temperature showed the most evident EDW in comparison to the mean and daily maximum temperatures, and EDW is more significant in winter than in other seasons. The mean daily minimum and maximum temperatures also maintained increasing trends in the context of EDW. Despite a global warming hiatus since the turn of the 21st century, the TP exhibited persistent warming from 2001 to 2012.Although EDW has been demonstrated by more and more observations and modeling studies, the underlying mechanisms for EDW are not entirely clear owing to sparse, discontinuous, and insufficient observations of climate change processes. Based on limited observations and model simulations, several factors and their combinations have been proposed to be responsible for EDW, including the snow-albedo feedback, cloud-radiation effects, water vapor and radiative fluxes, and aerosols forcing. At present, however, various explanations of the mechanisms for EDW are mainly derived from model-based research, lacking more solid observational evidence. Therefore, to comprehensively understand the mechanisms of EDW, a more extensive and multiple-perspective climate monitoring system is urgently needed in the areas of the TP with high elevations and complex terrains.High-elevation climate change may have resulted in a series of environmental consequences, such as vegetation changes, permafrost melting, and glacier shrinkage, in mountainous areas. In particular, the glacial retreat could alter the headwater environments on the TP and the hydrometeorological characteristics of several major rivers in Asia, threatening the water supply for the people living in the adjacent countries. Taking into account the climate-model projections that the warming trend will continue over the TP in the coming decades, this region’s climate change and the relevant environmental consequences should be of great concern to both scientists and the general public.

32

Solar radiation atlas of Africa: Global and diffuse radiation fluxes at ground level derived from imaging data of the geostationary satellite METEOSAT 2. Brookfield, Vt: A.A. Balkema, 1991.

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33

Center, Goddard Space Flight, ed. Radiation flux tables for ICRCCM using the GLA GCM radiation codes. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1986.

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34

Kraus, Eric B., and Joost A. Businger. Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195066180.001.0001.

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With both the growing importance of integrating studies of air-sea interaction and the interest in the general problem of global warming, the appearance of the second edition of this popular text is especially welcome. Thoroughly updated and revised, the authors have retained the accessible, comprehensive expository style that distinguished the earlier edition. Topics include the state of matter near the interface, radiation, surface wind waves, turbulent transfer near the interface, the planetary boundary layer, atmospherically-forced perturbations in the oceans, and large-scale forcing by sea surface buoyancy fluxes. This book will be welcomed by students and professionals in meteorology, physical oceanography, physics and ocean engineering.

35

Minggang, Zhou, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Study for the analysis of the observations, and numerical data representing the planets as far-infrared calibration sources: Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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36

Minggang, Zhou, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Study for the analysis of the observations, and numerical data representing the planets as far-infrared calibration sources: Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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37

Center, Goddard Space Flight, ed. The geomagnetic field and radiation in near-earth orbits. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1999.

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38

Greaves, Claire D., and Mike J. Dunn. The nuclear medicine patient. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0018.

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Following the administration of a radiopharmaceutical, the patient is essentially a mobile source of radiation. The hazards from the patient are contamination from radioactive tissue/body fluids, and exposure to the radiation emitted from the patient. These hazards present a risk to the patient due to self-absorbed radiation, healthcare workers, other patients, members of the public, family members (including the foetus), colleagues at work, and carers. This chapter presents the methodology used for assessing the doses to patients and critical groups, and discusses its limitations. It considers the risks and protective measures for: the patient (both adults and paediatrics), the foetus and young children including reproduction, breastfeeding, and close contact, hospital and external workers who may come into contact with the patient or be at risk of contamination, and the general public (inside and outside the hospital environment). The risks are presented along with practical guidance to minimize the hazard.

39

Compton scattering by static and moving media. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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40

Sea-ice and climate: Report of a Workshop on Polar Radiation Fluxes and Sea-Ice Modelling, Bremerhaven, Germany, 5-8 November 1990. [Geneva, Switzerland]: World Meteorological Organization, 1991.

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41

Ehrhard, Raschke, World Climate Research Programme, and Workshop on Polar Radiation Fluxes and Sea-Ice Modelling (1990 : Bremerhaven, Germany)., eds. Sea-ice and climate: Report of a Workshop on Polar Radiation Fluxes and Sea-Ice Modelling, Bremerhaven, Germany, 5-8 November 1990. [Geneva, Switzerland]: World Meteorological Organization, 1991.

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42

Dolman, Han. Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779308.001.0001.

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This book describes the interaction of the main biogeochemical cycles of the Earth and the physics of climate. It takes the perspective of Earth as an integrated system and provides examples of both changes in the current climate and those in the geological past. The first three chapters offer a general introduction to the context of the book, outlining the climate system as a complex interplay between biogeochemistry and physics and describing the tools available for understanding climate: observations and models. These chapters describe the basics of the system, the rates and magnitudes and the crucial aspects of biogeochemical cycles needed to understand their functioning. The second part of the book consists of four chapters that describe the physics required to understand the interaction of the climate with biogeochemistry and change. These chapters describe the physics of radiation, and that of the atmosphere, ocean circulation and thermodynamics. The interaction of aerosols with radiation and clouds is addressed in an additional chapter. The third part of the book deals with Earth’s (bio)geochemical cycles. These chapters focus on the stocks and fluxes of the main reservoirs of Earth’s biogeochemical cycles—atmosphere, land and ocean—and their role in the cycles of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, phosphorus, oxygen, sulphur and water, as well as their interactions with climate. The final two chapters describe possible mitigation and adaptation actions, in relation to recent climate agreements, but always with an emphasis on the biogeochemical aspects.

43

L, Blad Blaine, University of Nebraska--Lincoln. Dept. of Agricultural Meteorology., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Measuring and modeling near-surface reflected and emitted radiation fluxes at the FIFE site: Final report for period April 15, 1987-May 31, 1990. Lincoln, Neb: Dept. of Agricultural Meteorology, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska--Lincoln, 1990.

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44

S, Wichman I., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. An experimental and theoretical study of radiative extinction of diffusion flames: Final technical report ... period covered: duration of contract, 1991-1994; grant number: NAG3-1271. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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45

1951-, Pindera M. J., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Radiation and temperature effects on the time-dependent response of T300-934 graphite-epoxy. Blacksburg, Va: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988.

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46

Hoop, Adrianus T. De. Handbook of Radiation and Scattering of Waves: Acoustic Waves in Fluids, Elastic Waves in Solids, Electromagnetic Waves. Academic Pr, 1995.

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47

L, Blad Blaine, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. Measuring and modeling near surface reflected and emitted radiation fluxes at the FIFE site: Semi-annual status report for April 15, 1987 - February 29, 1988. Lincoln, Neb: Center for Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology and Dept. of Agronomy, Instiute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1988.

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48

A, Xapsos M., and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. Space environment effects: Model for emission of solar protons (ESP)--cumulative and worst-case event fluences. [Marshall Space Flight Center], Ala: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, 1999.

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49

S, Tʻien James, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Numerical computation of flame spread over a thin solid in forced concurrent flow with gas-phase radiation. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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50

J, Arkebauer Timothy, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Field micrometeorological measurements, process-level studies and modeling of methane and carbon dioxide fluxes in a boreal wetland ecosystem: Final technical report ... grant # NAG 5-2585. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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Книги з теми "Radiative fluxes"

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