Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Rail road dumper"

Solid waste management has gained importance in the steel industry in view of rising environmental concerns and scarcity of raw materials. In spite of significant developments in reducing waste generation and development of recycling technologies, steel slag is still a concern for the industry as most of it is dumped. Steel slag is similar to stone aggregates in strength, but its volumetric instability in contact with water hinders its application as aggregates in construction. A part of steel slag is normally exposed to rain and sun for natural aging and stabilization for months before use. The natural aging process is slow and time-consuming, and thus restricts its usage. The steelmaking slag can be put to effective use as coarse aggregates if quickly aged and stabilized by pre-reacting the free expansive phases. In the present work, a new process has been developed to accelerate the steel slag aging process using steam in a 30 T pilot scale facility. The setup has controlled steam injection, distribution, and process control system for steam, temperature, flow, and pressure. Steam percolates through the minute pores in the slag lumps and hydrates the expansive free lime and MgO phases, making it stable. The aged slag expansion properties were tested using an in-house developed expansion testing apparatus. The process is capable of reducing the expansion of steel slag from 3.5% to <1.5% (standard requirement) in 7 days. The aged steel slag is currently being used in roads at JSW Steel, Vijayanagar Works.

In transportation engineering, earthwork is the main structural material which geotechnical properties can be positively modified withadmixtures. This article focuses on the application of energy by-products in earthwork of transportation line structures and summarizes their advantages and define the scope of their utilization. Earthwork construction demands the considerable volume of qualitymaterial and therefore, the effort to optimize traditional material substitution is made. One possibility is to apply solid by-productsemerging when combusting coal, which is referred to as secondary energy products. These include various types of fly-ash, slag, bottomash or gypsum. Requisite for their further widespread utilization is the application in the construction and modernization of transportinfrastructure, including road and rail construction, or in the case of flood control dams within the framework of water managementmeasures against flooding. They can be utilized also as municipal waste dumps covering. However, the application of fly ashes inearthwork constructions delivers certain limits. When contacting with rain ingress or groundwater, the leaching containing heavy andtoxic metals depending on energy by-product type may occur. Alternatively, the limitation of their application can be relatively lowmechanical resistance to cyclic saturation and frost effect and consequent volume changes. This article deals with long-term observation results of the energy by-products saturation and additivity influence on volume changes. For the investigation purpose of failurecauses, the phase composition using X-ray crystallography and Raman spectroscopy was determined.

This report describes a master thesis in Industrial Design Engineering performed at Kiruna Wagon towards Luleå University of Technology in the spring of 2018. The task of the project is to develop a new locking mechanism to the doors of one of Kiruna Wagons planned product releases, the Side Dumper. To find the ideal solution, an iterative and prototype focused design process is used, which is split up into four main phases. Initially, an immersion into the context of the project is performed, followed by a literature study upon which the theoretical fundament of the project is set. A design specification is stated, which functions as support for design and evaluation during the whole project.   In the ideate phase, existing forces of the unloading station was used as a base for ideation. A large bank of ideas was created, which continuously was diverged and converged by many iteration cycles of designing, evaluation and learning. When five concepts had been developed, their functions needed to be verified in the develop phase, where several challenges arose. These were coped with, mainly through calculations, prototyping and by resetting concepts into solution principles. At last, in the deliver phase two remaining solutions, solution B and solution C, were verified through calculations, CAD-modeling and by a scale-wise functional prototype in steel. The prototype was tested, evaluated and finally delivered to Kiruna Wagon. The report ends with discussion and conclusions about method, process and results, and describes necessary further work for an implementation of the solution.
I denna rapport beskrivs ett examensarbete inom teknisk design som utförts på Kiruna Wagon mot Luleå Tekniska Universitet under våren 2018. Projektet gick ut på att utveckla en ny låsningsmekanism till dörrarna till en av Kiruna Wagons kommande produkter som kallas för Side Dumper. För att hitta den ideala lösningen användes en iterativ och prototypfokuserad designprocess, som delas upp i fyra huvudfaser. Initialt genomfördes en fördjupning i kontexten som rör projektet, följt av en litteraturstudie där den teoretiska grunden för projektet fastställs. En designspecifikation fastslås som fungerar som stöd för design och utvärdering under hela projektet.    I ideate-fasen utnyttjades befintliga krafter på lossningsstationen som en bas för idéarbetet. En stor idébank skapades, som kontinuerligt divergerades och konvergerades genom många iterationscykler av design, utvärdering och lärande. När fem koncept hade utvecklats, behövde deras funktioner verifieras. Detta genomfördes i develop-fasen, där flera utmaningar uppstod. Utmaningarna hanterades huvudsakligen genom beräkningar, prototyper och genom att återställa koncept till lösningsprinciper. Slutligen verifierades två återstående lösningar, lösning B och lösning C, i deliver-fasen genom beräkningar, CAD-modellering och en genom att tillverka en skalenlig funktionell prototyp i stål. Prototypen testades och utvärderades för att slutligen kunna levereras till Kiruna Wagon. Rapporten avslutas med att diskutera och ge slutsatser kring metodval, process och resultat, och beskriver fortsatt arbete för att kunna implementera produkten i framtiden.

My first direct encounter with feng-shui came soon after I arrived in Hong Kong in 1965. A new hospital was being built on a hill overlooking Castle Peak Bay, where my family and I lived. The hospital foundations cut deep into the slope. Several old peasants told me, “This is very bad; the construction has cut the dragon’s pulse.” I learned that the hill had a dragon in it, whose blood circulation had been cut by the foundation trench. This seemed strange to me. I noted it down as a fascinating local belief, and thought no more of it. Soon afterward, a typhoon dumped two feet of rain on Hong Kong within a few days. The oversteepened, undercut slope failed, and a torrent of mud descended, washing out the hospital foundations and burying a house or two at the hill foot. “See?” said my friends. “This is what happens when you cut the dragon’s pulse.” A light went on in my head. The Chinese peasants, pragmatic to the core, had described the phenomenon in terms strange to me; but the phenomenon they described was perfectly real. I reflected that the geologists’ terms “oversteepening” and “slope failure” were not much more empirically verifiable than the dragon. Any Chinese peasant would find them even stranger than I had found that eminent serpent, since I had already learned from reading that ancient Chinese saw dragons in the scaly, ridged contours of mountain ranges. As time went on, I learned that I had found more than a different way of talking about obvious facts. Chinese site planning seemed more and more rational. I learned that villages protected the groves of trees that ringed them, because trees attract good influences and also provide shade, firewood, fruit, leafmold, timber, and other goods. I learned that roads to villages were made crooked to discourage evil beings—and that the evil beings included not only demons but also soldiers, government officials, and (other) bandits.

The target application of this study is hydraulic excavators, which are one of the most common machines found at construction sites across the world. Road constructions and improvements, laying operation of cables or pipes and building can be seen in urban areas and digging and dumping operations of natural resource are done in country regions. For the construction site in urban areas, mini hydraulic excavators with operating weights up to 6 tons are often used and they make up more than 60% of the total hydraulic excavators market [1]. In recent years, a number of new system architectures for mobile hydraulic systems have been proposed. Examples of such improved architectures are displacement control, transformer systems and valve controlled systems with multiple pressure rails. For these systems, electronic controls are always used. Although these new methods are promising, they cannot be applied to mini-excavators, because today’s mini-hydraulic excavators do not use electronic controls as this would increase costs and make the system complex. Therefore, the goal of this study is to propose a fully hydro-mechanical valve controlled constant pressure system, which can be applied to mini-excavators in the future. This paper begins by introducing the details of this novel hydraulic system and shows its advantages. Using a simulation model of an 18 ton excavator, it is confirmed that the novel system functions well and the energy efficiency is compared to a conventional Load Sensing system. The simulation results show that the novel system can save 22% and 24% of fuel in leveling and 90° dig-dump cycles respectively.