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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ralstonia solanacearum – Épidémiologie"
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Дисертації з теми "Ralstonia solanacearum – Épidémiologie"
Nomenjanahary, Marie veronique. "Succès épidémiologique et contrôle du complexe d'espèces Ralstonia solanacearum à Madagascar et dans le sud-ouest de l'océan indien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LARE0040.
Повний текст джерелаThe Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (Rssc) is the causal agent of bacterial wilt, and is one of the major biotic constraint on vegetable, fruit, ornamental and forestry crop systems throughout the tropical, subtropical, lowland and highland belt. It is phylogenetically structured in four phylotypes (I, II, III and IV). The various surveys carried out in the Southwest Indian Ocean (SOOI) zone through different research works suggest that these four phylotypes have settled in the zone. Nevertheless, their prevalence differs considerably. This thesis project aims to understand the molecular basis of the epidemiological success of the prevalent lines in Madagascar and in the SOOI, in comparison with the other lines, in order to evaluate the efficiency and durability of the resistance of an eggplant accession to control them. In that respect, the following two axes will be conducted in parallel during the duration of the thesis. In axis 1, the molecular mechanisms put in place by the bacterium to adapt to its host and environment will be identified and compared between highly and less prevalent lines. In axis 2, several eggplant accessions will be tested against highly prevalent lines in order to evaluate their level of resistance and the risks of bypassing them
Afonso, Mendes-Yahiaoui Noura. "Épidémiologie moléculaire du complexe d’espèces Ralstonia solanacearum, agent du flétrissement bactérien, dans les îles du Sud-Ouest de l’océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0014.
Повний текст джерелаIn the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands (Comoros, Mauritius, Mayotte, Réunion, Rodrigues and Seychelles), bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (Rssc) is considered one of the most harmful plant disease for food crops or export. The main objective of this work presented in this manuscript was to explore the level and the distribution of the genetic diversity of Rssc and the genetic structure of its populations in SWIO. We conducted extensive sampling campaigns that resulted in a large collection of 1704 isolates, mainly from Solanaceae (tomato, potato, chilli, eggplant, pepper) and geranium rosat. The phylogenetic assignment of the isolates showed a very high prevalence of phylotype I (88 %), which is distributed in each island of the SWIO, while phylotypes II (9 %) and III (3 %) are found only in Réunion. Two phylotype IV strains have also been reported in Mauritius, representing the first report of this phylogenetic group in SWIO. A phylogenetic and genotyping approach (MLSA/MLST) based on sequence analysis of 6 housekeeping genes and 1 gene associated with virulence (egl) revealed the genetic relationships between 145 representative SWIO strains (geographic diversity + host) and 90 global reference strains. The development and application of MLVA scheme based on 17 variable number of tandem repeat sequences (VNTR) on nearly 1300 strains revealed that phylotype I populations are organized into clonal complexes in SWIO and that the level of genetic diversity is highly contrasted according to the islands, with Mauritius having the highest genetic diversity. This work highlights the deployment of a genetic lineage (Sequevar I-31, STI-13, MT-035), overrepresented in SWIO islands, which could have been introduced via contaminated plant material from South Africa or West Africa. Our preliminary studies show that the main haplotype MT-035 (i) is the probable founding haplotype of the most prevalent clonal complex in SWIO, (ii) has high pathogenicity (wide range of hosts including cultivated plants and weeds, and high aggressiveness on Solanaceae) and (iii) has a strong ability to compete in the environment via the production of bacteriocins. This work will ultimately strengthen epidemiosurveillance and guide control strategies of this plant pathogen, including the deployment of resistant cultivars
Marty, Nicole. "Etude de l'exopolysaccharide de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : caractérisation chimique, rôle dans l'adhérence aux cellules épithéliales et dans la phagocytose." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30257.
Повний текст джерелаGuinard, Jérémy. "Dynamique évolutive de Ralstonia solanacearum en réponse aux pressions de sélection de l'aubergine résistante : approche populationnelle, de génétique évolutive et fonctionnelle de la durabilité de la résistance." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0032/document.
Повний текст джерелаRalstonia Solanacearum is a soilborn beta-proteobacterium responsible of bacterial wilt on Solanaceaous crops. This bacterium is considered as one of the most harmful plant disease worldwide. This bacterium possesses the ability to infect more than 250 different species, including crops with major economic importance (tomato, potato, tobacco, eucalyptus…). R. solanacearum is divided into four phylotypes originated from different areas: I (Asian), IIA and IIB (American), III (African), IV (Indonesian). Among these phylotype, phylotype I is currently in demographic expansion, is highly recombinogenic and has a wide hosts range. Thus, altogether, these characteristics demonstrated that this phylotype has a high evolutionary potential (sensu McDonald and Linde, 2002). In order to control this bacterium, genetic plant resistance seems to be the most promising method. This method consists in using cultivars with different source of resistance such as resistance genes and/or resistant QTLs. The AG91-25 (E6), an eggplant cultivar possessing a major resistance gene (ERs1), is capable to control some of phylotype I strains of R. solanacearum. However, in order to optimize the management of this resistance and to avoid its fast breakdown, we need to deeply investigate the durability of this resistant gene. Durability can be estimated by studying the evolutionary potential of our pathogen faced to E6 source of resistance and by understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between the host (R gene) and its pathogene (Type III Effector – T3E). In order to study R. solanacearum evolutionary dynamics under selective pressure from E6 resistant cultivar, we set up an experimental evolution trial in the field. This trial consisted of three couples of resistant (E6) and susceptible eggplants (E8) microplots, implanted twice a year during three years, hence consisting of 5 cycles. A Multi-Locus VNTR Analysis (MLVA) scheme, consisting of 8 minisatellite loci, was developed in order to characterize the strains extracted from these crop cycles. These VNTRs were specific to R. solanacearum phylotype I strains, they were highly polymorphic and discriminatory at different scale: globally, regionally and locally.Our results showed no breakdown of E6 resistance by R. solanacearum populations, which confirms that this resistance is durable. It seemed that this cultivar reduced the soil bacterial population, preventing bacterial population to infest the resistant host. At the same time, 100% of the E8 plants have died, starting at cycle 2. Bacterial wilt seemed to spread with a “plant-to-plant” dynamics within each microplot. Genetic diversity reduction was also observed during the successive cycle of susceptible eggplant, associated with the increase of frequency of two main haplotypes. However, we failed to identify a clear genetic structuration, neither at the plot scale nor at the microplot scale. Nevertheless, isolation-by-distance data seemed to show that a spatial structure is currently establishing. Altogether, our results suggested that our plot populations appeared to have a clonal epidemic structure.We also looked into 10 T3Es' involvement in the interaction between R. solanacearum and the resistant eggplant (E6). Their distribution was completely different within a collection of phylogenetically diverse strains (91 strains): ripAJ and ripE1 are the most shared T3Es whereas ripP1 and ripP2 were the less common T3E whithin our collection of strains. Some T3Es showed few (ripAJ) or no length polymorphism at all (ripE1 and ripP2) whereas some other (ripAU) are extremely polymorphic. Nevertheless, the T3E effector repertoire did not seemed to be correlated to a specific phenotype on E6 eggplant. Its recognition by E6 seemed to occur in the hypocotyle region rather than in the mesophyll, highlighting a possible organ-specificity of the interaction between ERs1 and ripAX2
Ravelomanantsoa, Santatra Herilalaina. "Biologie des populations du complexe d'espèces Ralstonia solanacearum appliquée à l'épidémiologie de la bactériose vasculaire de la pomme de terre à Madagascar." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is exploring genetic diversity, population structure and molecular epidemiology of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (Rssc) causing potato bacterial wilt outbreaks in Madagascar. We characterized a large collection of strains (n=1224; 75 sites) collected from potato production areas. Surprisingly, the large outbreaks were associated with IIB-1 strains (Brown rot) while a few were associated with phylotypes I and III. This is the first report of phylotype IIB-1 in Madagascar. The IIB-1 strains were genotyped based on MLVA (RS2-MLVA9). And Malagasy phylotype IIB-1 clustered with worldwide distributed strains. Fine scale genetic investigation suggested three clonal populations that were introduced and spread through latently infected tuber-seeds. Phylotype III strains were genotyped with the highly discriminatory RS3-MLVA16 scheme we developed. Genetic population analyses revealed a high genetic diversity within phylotype III strains that geographically structured into 11 clonal populations. This support the endemic character of the phylotype III population in Madagascar and suggests no transmission with potato tubers. Malagasy strains were distinct from continental African strains. A clear-cut epidemiological profile is shown between IIB-1 and III strains. Genetically, no bacterial wilt resistance properties were shown for the most popular Malagasy potato cultivars, except two cultivars: 720118 and 800934 that showed strong resistance to phylotype I-31 strain that are predominantly distributed in the Indian Ocean. This study offered tool to genotype phylotype III strains and gives an insights into population structure and epidemiology of the Rssc