Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Rec mAb"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Rec mAb".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Статті в журналах з теми "Rec mAb"
1
Jacques, Y., B. Le Mauff, A. Godard, D. Olive, J. F. Moreau, and J. P. Soulillou. "Regulation of interleukin 2 receptor expression on a human cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone, synergism between alloantigenic stimulation and interleukin 2." Journal of Immunology 136, no. 5 (March 1, 1986): 1693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.5.1693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A human T cell clone (termed 40.2.6) established from a rejected human kidney allograft has been studied for its ability to express membrane IL 2 receptors in response to antigen (irradiated cells from the graft's donor) and recombinant IL 2 (rec-IL 2). On antigenic stimulation, the 40.2.6 clone produced low levels (0.15 U/ml) of IL 2 (peak at 24 hr) and incorporated (3H)thymidine (peak at 48 hr). This incorporation was strongly enhanced on addition of rec-IL 2 and was inhibited by the 33B31 antibody, an anti-human IL 2 receptor monoclonal antibody (Mab). The 125I-labeled 33B31 Mab has been used to quantify the density of IL 2 receptors on 40.2.6 cells. Cells not re-exposed to antigen or rec-IL 2 had a level of 33B31-binding sites which declined rapidly (10% of starting value after 2 days). This level remained much more stable when rec-IL 2 (1 U/ml) was present in the medium (80% at day 2). Antigen induced a three- to eightfold increase in the level of 33B31-binding sites which peaked at 24 hr and then declined. When a similar antigenic stimulation was performed in the presence of rec-IL 2 (1 U/ml), the level of 33B31-binding sites peaked at a higher value (eight- to 20-fold increase at day 2), and its subsequent decline was slower. These potentiating effects of rec-IL 2 were dose-dependent and occurred at low concentrations corresponding to the saturation by rec-IL 2 of high affinity IL 2 receptor sites. Finally, high affinity IL 2 receptors, as measured by the binding of 35S-labeled rec-IL 2, were found to be similarly up-regulated by antigen and rec-IL 2. Together, our results obtained on a monoclonal human T cell population with highly purified rec-IL 2 demonstrate that rec-IL 2 and antigen act in synergy to induce the expression of both high and low affinity membrane IL 2 receptors.
2
Schweigel, Monika, Hi-Sung Park, Benjamin Etschmann, and Holger Martens. "Characterization of the Na+-dependent Mg2+ transport in sheep ruminal epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 290, no. 1 (January 2006): G56—G65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00014.2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the routes by which Mg2+ leaves cultured ovine ruminal epithelial cells (REC). Mg2+-loaded (6 mM) REC were incubated in completely Mg2+-free solutions with varying Na+ concentrations, and the Mg2+ extrusion rate was calculated from the increase of the Mg2+ concentration in the incubation medium determined with the aid of the fluorescent probe mag-fura 2 (Na+ salt). In other experiments, REC were also studied for the intracellular free Mg2+ concentration ([Mg2+]i; using mag-fura 2), the intracellular Na+ concentration (using Na+-binding benzofuran isophthalate), the intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]i; using an enzyme-linked immunoassay), and Na+/Mg2+ exchanger existence [using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against the porcine red blood cell Na+/Mg2+ exchanger]. Mg2+-loaded REC show a Mg2+ efflux that was strictly dependent on extracellular Na+. The Mg2+ extrusion rate increased from 0.018 ± 0.009 in a Na+-free medium to 0.73 ± 0.3 mM·l cells−1·min−1 in a 145 mM Na+ medium and relates to extracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]e) according to a typical saturation kinetic ( Km value for [Na+]e = 24 mM; maximal velocity = 11 mM·l cells−1·min−1). Mg2+ efflux was reduced by imipramine (48%) and increased after application of dibutyryl-cAMP (55%) or PGE2 (17%). These effects are completely abolished in Na+-free media. Furthermore, an elevation of [cAMP]i led to an [Mg2+]i decrease that amounted to 375 ± 105 μM. The anti-Na+/Mg2+ exchanger mAb inhibits Mg2+ extrusion; moreover, it detects a specific 70-kDa immunoreactive band in protein lysates of ovine REC. The data clearly demonstrate that a Na+/Mg2+ exchanger is existent in the cell membrane of REC. The transport protein is the main pathway (97%) for Mg2+ extrusion and can be assumed to play a considerable role in the process of Mg2+ absorption as well as the maintenance of the cellular Mg2+ homeodynamics.
3
Bessos, Hagop, Pamela Brown, Gholamreza Anani Sarab, Shirley Gibson, Michael Moss, Robert N. Barker, and Stanislaw J. Urbaniak. "Purification of Anti-HPA-1a Directly from Plasma Using Immobilised Recombinant HPA-1a Enables Determination of Antibody Affinity by Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology in Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 3402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3402.3402.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background: Most severe cases of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) in the Caucasian population are due to anti-HPA-1a. The precise influences of antibody amount or affinity on severity of NAIT remain to be elucidated. In an earlier study, we assessed the interaction between anti-HPA-1a and HPA-1a antigen by surface plasmon resonance technology (SPRT) using IgG fractions recovered from antibody (ab) positive HPA-1b maternal sera using protein-A chromatography. However, high background in some of the IgG fractions prohibited the determination of antibody affinity (Bessos et al, Trans Apher Sci, In Press). The aim of this study was to investigate the affinity of anti-HPA-1a purified directly from plasma using immobilised HPA-1a antigen. Methods: Native glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa was extracted and purified from HPA-1a1a platelet donors, while recombinant PSI domain of HPA-1a GPIIIa (rec-HPA-1a) was obtained by conventional cloning techniques. CNBr activated Sepharose 4B was coupled either with native GPIIb/IIIa or with rec-HPA-1a and used for the immunopurification of anti-HPA-1a directly from 4 female plasma samples positive for anti-HPA-1a ab. The plasma samples were pre-adsorbed with non-coupled Sepharose 4B prior to mixing with immobilised HPA-1a antigen. The acid eluted abs were dialysed, concentrated and assessed by ELISA (using HPA-1a GPIIb/IIIa coated plates), silver staining (using reduced gels) and SPRT-Biacore X, using CM5 sensor chips bound with HPA-1a1a or HPA-1b1b antigen at 600–800 response units (RU). GPIIIa AP3 monoclonal ab (Mab) & CamTran 007 recombinant anti-HPA-1a (r-anti-1a) were used as controls in SPRT. Affinity and dissociation constants (Ka and Kd respectively) of abs tested in serial doubling dilutions were determined using the computer software BIAevaluation 3.2 RC1 (Biacore) - Langmuir 1:1 mathematical model. Results: Control AP3 Mab bound to both HPA-1a & -1b chips in SPRT yielding respective Ka values of 2x105 & 1.7x104, and respective Kd values of 2.6x10−3 & 6.7x10−5; while control r-anti-1a bound specifically to HPA-1a chips yielding Ka and Kd of 2.9x105 & 8.3x10−4. Antibodies purified from plasma using immobilised rec-HPA-1a demonstrated higher binding in the ELISA and purer samples by silver staining (IgG heavy and light chains) compared to abs purified using immobilised native GP. This was reflected in SPRT where anti-HPA-1a purified using immobilised native GP exhibited high background that prohibited Ka and Kd determinations, whereas abs purified using immobilised rec-HPA- 1a bound specifically to HPA-1a chips, enabling Ka and Kd determinations which ranged from 6.9x103 to 7.9x104 for Ka, and from 1.3x10−4 to 3.4x10−4 for Kd. Anti-HPA-1a purified by immobilised rec-HPA-1a also interacted specifically with CM 5 sensor chips bound with rec-HPA-1a but not rec-HPA-1b, although with lower affinity constants compared to chips bound with native HPA-1a GP, yielding Ka of 4.2x102 to 9.1x103, & Kd of 3.4x10−3 to 8.6x10−5. Conclusion: This is the first report of the direct purification of anti-HPA-1a from plasma by immobilised HPA-1a antigen. Our study shows that immunopurification of plasma using immobilised rec-HPA-1a yields pure anti-HPA-1a antibodies that bind specifically in SPRT to chips coupled with both native or recombinant HPA-1a, allowing determination of antibody affinity and dissociation constants. This novel development would enable much needed analysis of anti-HPA-1a binding mechanisms in NAIT involving patients with different disease outcomes.
4
Hadley, G. A., S. T. Bartlett, C. S. Via, E. A. Rostapshova, and S. Moainie. "The epithelial cell-specific integrin, CD103 (alpha E integrin), defines a novel subset of alloreactive CD8+ CTL." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 8 (October 15, 1997): 3748–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.8.3748.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The interaction of CD8+CTL with epithelial layers is an important but poorly defined aspect of organ allograft rejection. We herein report that CD103 (formerly alpha E integrin), a known receptor for the epithelial cell-specific ligand E-cadherin, is expressed by a major subset of CD8 + CTL elicited in response to allogeneic renal epithelial cells (REC). In contrast, CD103 was expressed poorly on CD8 + CTL generated in the conventional manner by stimulation with allogeneic leukocytes, although expression could be dramatically up-regulated by supplementing cultures with REC or exogenous TGF-beta 1. That TGF-beta controls the expression of CD103 on CD8+ CTL was further supported by the capacity of anti-TGF-beta mAb to block the generation of such cells in anti-REC cultures. Clonal analyses of anti-REC cultures revealed that individual CD8+ CTL clones were discretely CD103+ or CD103-, nd maintained their respective phenotypes independently of the cell type used for clonal restimulation. In a mouse model of graft-vs-host disease, 16.4 +/- 2.7% of CD8 cells that infiltrated host kidneys were CD103+ (n = 4). CD8 kidney-infiltrating lymphocytes were predominantly of donor origin and displayed an activated/memory phenotype (CD62L-, CD44high), consistent with expression of CD103 on a CD8 effector subset elicited in vivo following allogeneic transplantation. Taken together, the present data demonstrate that CD103 identifies a novel CD8 effector subset and, moreover, that such cells may comprise a significant component of the response to allogeneic tissues. The potential for CD103+ CTL as an important effector mechanism in organ allograft rejection, and more generally, as a mechanistic basis for tissue-specific immune phenomena, is discussed.
5
Peyrat, M. A., F. Davodeau, I. Houde, F. Romagné, A. Necker, C. Leget, J. P. Cervoni, N. Cerf-Bensussan, H. Vié, and M. Bonneville. "Repertoire analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes using a human V delta 3 region-specific monoclonal antibody. Characterization of dual T cell receptor (TCR) delta-chain expressors and alpha beta T cells expressing V delta 3J alpha C alpha-encoded TCR chains." Journal of Immunology 155, no. 6 (September 15, 1995): 3060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.155.6.3060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract V delta 3 usage and combinatorial expression of V gamma and V delta regions was studied on peripheral T cells with a novel V delta 3-specific mAb (p11.10b), generated against a soluble V gamma 9V delta 3 TCR. V delta 3+ cells represented the vast majority of V delta 1/V delta 2- gamma delta T cells within peripheral blood and mucosal lymphocytes. No preferential V gamma region expression was noted within V delta 3+ cells, but the frequency of V gamma 9+ cells was significantly lower among V delta 3+ than among V delta 1+ or V delta 2+ PBL. Phenotypic analysis of cultured V delta 3+ cells sorted with p11.10b mAb revealed the presence of T lymphocytes with unusual phenotypes. First, cells carrying two distinct surface TCR delta-chains, recognized by both V delta 1- and V delta 3-specific mAbs, were detected in most T cell lines, though at frequencies much lower than that of dual gamma expressors, indicating that allelic exclusion of delta genes is more tightly regulated than that of gamma genes. Moreover, a significant fraction of V delta 3+ cells were recognized by C beta- but not C delta-specific mAbs. Molecular analysis of V delta 3+C beta+ clones revealed the presence of V delta 3J alpha C alpha transcripts in all of them. Given the peculiar location of the V delta 3 gene between the delta Rec/psi J alpha elements, those observations formally demonstrate that activation of rearrangements with J alpha elements is not necessarily preceded by a delta Rec/psi J alpha-mediated deletion of the delta locus on the same chromosome.
6
Kamenova, I., S. Dallot, V. Bozkova, and S. Milusheva. "First Report of the Plum Pox Virus Recombinant Strain on Peach in Bulgaria." Plant Disease 95, no. 10 (October 2011): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-11-0405.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plum pox virus (PPV) causes sharka, the most damaging viral disease of stone fruit species. Seven distinct PPV strains are known; PPV-M, PPV-D, and PPV-Rec are the most common (3). PPV-Rec is a unique recombinant (3) between PPV-M and PPV-D and has been reported from plum, apricot, Japanese plum, myrobalan, and blackthorn in eastern and central Europe, but has never been found in peach as a single natural infection (2). A survey was conducted during spring 2009 in eight peach orchards located in the southwest, southeast, and south central regions of Bulgaria to assess the incidence of PPV infection. A total of 98 leaf samples from individual trees showing PPV-like symptoms were collected and analyzed by triple-antibody sandwich (TAS)-ELISA with the universal monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5B (Agritest, Valenzano, Italy). Sixty one samples reacted positive for PPV (optical density 0.161 to 1.267) and these samples were further analyzed with PPV-M (AL) and PPV-D (4DG5) specific MAbs (1). All 61 samples reacted positively with PPV-M specific MAbs. To distinguish PPV-M and PPV-Rec strains, which are serologically identical, immunocapture (IC)-reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was carried out with PPV-M (CIP-M: 5′-GTC GCA GCA TTT GTA GCC CTT GTT-3′, CIP-MR: 5′-CCA ACA CGT TAA CGC CAT GCT TCA-3′) and PPV-D (CIP-D: 5′-ATG ATG CTG TTT GAC TCG GAG CGA-3′, CIP-DR: 5′-TCG CAA CTG CTT GCA CAC ATT CTC-3′) specific primers targeting the 6K1-CI genomic region. A PCR fragment of ~880 bp amplified with PPV-M specific primers obtained from 59 samples confirmed that these were PPV-M isolates. However, the remaining two samples (both coming from infected tress located in two different orchards in the southwest region) yielded a 468-bp PCR fragment with PPV-D specific primers, suggesting that these two samples belonged to PPV-Rec strain. These samples together with controls of PPV-M, PPV-D, and PPV-Rec strains were further analyzed by RT-PCR using mD5/mM3 primers spanning the recombination breakpoint (4). Both peach samples and the PPV-Rec strain control produced a single 605-bp PCR product. The two peach amplicons were purified and sequenced directly with the same primers. The nucleotide (nt) sequences obtained were 100% identical to each other. BLAST analysis of the two samples with PPV-Rec (No. AF421118.1) showed maximum nt identity of 98%. Percent maximum nt identity with PPV-M (No. AY324837.1) and PPV-D (No. AB576062.1) were 93 and 87%, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two isolates were 98% identical to PPV-Rec (No. No. AF421118.1), 93% identical to PPV-M (No. M92280.1), and 84% identical to PPV-D (No. AB576062.1). Analyzed samples were further transmitted from the diseased trees to peach seedlings (GF 305) by chip-budding in a greenhouse during the fall of 2009. Six months later, faint vein clearing on the leaves of inoculated seedlings was observed. The presence of PPV was confirmed by TAS-ELISA and PPV-Rec presence was shown by IC-RT-PCR (mD5/mM3 primers). One of the generated 605-bp products was sequenced and showed 100% nt identity with the isolate used for inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of PPV-Rec strain in naturally infected peach trees, a finding that calls for further large-scale investigations of PPV-Rec incidence in peach in Bulgaria. References: (1) M. Cambra et al. OEPP/EPPO Bull. 24:569, 1994. (2) S. Dallot et al. Acta Hortic. 781:227, 2008. (3). M. Glasa et al. J. Gen. Virol. 85:2671, 2004. (4) Z. Šubr et al. Acta Virol. 48:173, 2004.
7
Barth, Matthew J., Gopichand Pendurti, Ping-Chiao Tsai, Cory Mavis, Pavel Klener, Myron S. Czuczman, and Francisco Hernandez-Ilizaliturri. "Ofatumumab (OFA) Is a Novel Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) with Improved Anti-Tumor Activity in Vitro and in Vivo in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) Pre-Clinical Models." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2757.2757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Abstract 2757 MCL is typically characterized by an aggressive clinical course and inevitable development of refractory disease despite early intervention that often includes: immunotherapy (e.g., rituximab), multi-agent induction chemotherapy and consolidation with high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant in first remission. Residual disease at the time of stem cell collection is an important cause for treatment failure. There is a need to evaluate more potent anti-CD20 mAbs capable to kill lymphoma cells with low CD20 surface levels. In Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pre-clinical models we previously demonstrated that OFA was more potent than rituximab (RIT) in vitro and in vivo. In order to characterize the activity of OFA against MCL, we evaluated the activity of OFA against cytarabine (Ara-C)-sensitive (eg. Mino, Jeko-1, Rec-1, HBL-2, Granta and Z-138); –resistant MCL cell lines (eg. MinoAraCR, Jeko-1AraCR, Rec-1AraCR, HBL-2AraCR and GrantaAraCR); and primary tumor cells derived from MCL patients (n=2). Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) were measured by standard 51Cr release assays in MCL exposed to OFA, RIT or isotype control. OFA vs. RIT direct anti-proliferative effects were measured in by alamar blue reduction assay. Apoptosis following in vitro exposure to OFA or RIT was detected by caspase 3/PARP cleavage. Patient tumor cells were isolated from biopsy specimens by negative selection using magnetic beads and incubated with OFA or RIT +/− human serum as a complement source. Cell viability was determined at 48 hours by CellTiterGlo assay. Surface CD20 and the complement inhibitory proteins (CIPs) (CD55 and CD59) density in MCL cell lines was determined by flow cytometry (Image stream) and compared to BL or DLBCL cell lines. For in vivo experiments 6–8 week-old SID mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 5×106 matrigel suspended Z-138 cells. Upon tumor engraftment, mice were assigned to RIT (10mg/kg), OFA (10mg/kg) or control groups. Tumor growth curves were calculated for each group. Mice were sacrificed if tumor size reached >2cm in any dimension. After 6 months, survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared by log-rank test. OFA induced significantly higher levels of CDC associated cell lysis compared to RIT in almost all MCL cell lines tested (10/11) (Mino: 53.2% vs 0.2%; MinoAraCR: 72.6% vs. 0.6%; Jeko-1: 33.4% vs. 9.8%; Jeko-1AraCR: 38.3% vs. 2.8%; REC-1: 17% vs 3%; Rec-1AraCR: 7.8% vs. 0.2%; HBL-2: 27.1% vs. 19.2%; HBL-2AraCR: 86.6% vs. 72.2%; GrantaAraCR: 17% vs 0.9%; Z-138: 56.4% vs. 0.65%; all p-values <0.05). No differences in RIT or OFA mediated ADCC or direct signaling was observed. As previously noted in BL and DLBCL models, OFA was capable of inducing a higher degree of CMC even at low CD20 levels in contrast to RIT. In vivo, OFA slowed tumor growth, and prolonged survival in Z-138 bearing SCID mice compared to RIT (median survival for RIT was 127 days vs. not reached for OFA treated animals; p<0.05). Our data suggest that, OFA is more potent than RIT against Ara-C-sensitive and –resistant MCL cells in vitro, delays tumor growth and prolongs survival compared to RIT in an in vivo MCL SCID mouse model, and retains CDC activity despite low CD20 and high CIP surface expression levels. OFA appears to be a promising mAb targeting CD20 in MCL and is undergoing clinical testing in the front-line setting (NCT01527149). Disclosures: Czuczman: Genmab: Unrestricted Research Grant Other.
8
Alinari, Lapo, Beth Christian, Bo Yu, Jungook Shin, Erin K. Hertlein, Rosa Lapalombella, Fengting Yan, et al. "Co-Treatment with Milatuzumab (Anti-CD74 mAb) and Rituximab (Anti-CD20 mAb) Results in the Induction of Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cell Death That Is Dependent On Actin Polymerization and Inhibition of NF-Kb." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1694.1694.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Abstract 1694 Poster Board I-720 Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy and patients with this disease have limited therapeutic options. Despite the success of rituximab in treatment of B-cell lymphoma, its use as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy in MCL has demonstrated modest activity; thus, novel strategies are needed. CD74 is an integral membrane protein expressed on malignant B cells and is implicated in promoting survival and growth, making it an attractive therapeutic target. The humanized anti-CD74 monoclonal antibody (mAb), milatuzumab, (Immunomedics) has shown promising preclinical activity against several human B-cell lymphoma cell lines, but has not been studied in MCL. Since rituximab and milatuzumab target distinct antigens lacking known association, we explored a combination strategy with these mAbs in MCL cell lines, patient samples, and in a preclinical model of MCL. Flow cytometric analysis shows that 6 different MCL cell lines (Mino, JeKo, SP53, Rec-1, Hbl2, Granta-519) and MCL patient primary tumor cells, express variable levels of CD74, with Mino cells showing highest level and Rec-1 the lowest. Incubation of the 6 MCL cell lines and primary cells (7 patients) with immobilized milatuzumab (5 μg/ml) and rituximab (10 μg/ml) resulted in mitochondrial depolarization and in statistically significant enhanced induction of apoptosis determined by Annexin V/PI and flow cytometry. The combination of both agents resulted in additive induction of apoptosis that was caspase independent in 5 MCL cell lines (synergistic in JeKo cells) and in primary cells, at 8, 24 and 48 hours. Importantly, while sensitivity to milatuzumab depends on the level of CD74 expression, the combination of milatuzumab and rituximab was able to induce enhanced cell death in all MCL cell lines and MCL primary cells, regardless of antigen density. We demonstrated that the combination of milatuzumab and rituximab induced enhanced apoptosis in a caspase-independent fashion with no apparent involvement of apoptotic key regulatory proteins such as Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl and Mcl-1. However, changes in the nuclear level of p65 were observed with either drug alone and with the combination, starting as early as 4 hours after treatment. The association of CD74 with MHC class II led us to explore pro-death mechanisms that become operable during HLA-DR-specific mAb treatment of lymphoma cells (Ivanov A et al., J Clin Invest 2009). We therefore investigated the role of actin polymerization by addition of cytochalasin D and latrunculin B, inhibitors of actin polimerization, prior to treatment with milatuzumab and/or rituximab. These studies showed that milatuzumab-induced MCL cell (Jeko and Mino) death was dependent on actin polymerization. To examine the in vivo activity of rituximab and milatuzumab, a preclinical model of human MCL using the SCID (CB17 scid/scid) mouse depleted of NK cells with TMβ1 mAb (anti-murine IL2Rb) was used. In this model, i.v. injection of 40×106 JeKo cells results in disseminated MCL 3 weeks after engraftment. The primary end-point was survival, defined as the time to develop cachexia/wasting syndrome or hind limb paralysis. Ten mice/group were treated starting at day 15 post-engraftment with intraperitoneal trastuzumab mAb control (300 μg qod), milatuzumab (300 μg qod), rituximab (300 μg qod), or a combination of milatuzumab and rituximab. The mean survival for the combination-treated group was 44.5 days (95%CI:39,51), compared to 28 days for trastuzumab-treated mice (95% CI:24,30), 33.5 days for the milatuzumab-treated mice (95% CI:28,36), and 38 days for the rituximab-treated mice (95%CI:36,42). The combination treatment prolonged survival of this group compared to trastuzumab control (P<0.0001), milatuzumab (P<0.0001) or rituximab (P=0.03). No overt toxicity from milatuzumab or the combination regimen was noted. These preliminary results provide justification for further evaluation of milatuzumab and rituximab in combination in MCL. Disclosures Off Label Use: Milatuzumab for Mantle Cell Lymphoma Treatment. Goldenberg:Immunomedics, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties.
9
Nayak, Ramesh, Prosenjit Sen, Charles Esmon, Usha Pendurthi, and L. Vijaya Mohan Rao. "Endothelial Cell Protein C Receptor Cellular Localization and Trafficking." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.1015.1015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is the cellular receptor for protein C (PC) and activated protein C (APC). Recent studies from others and us showed that EPCR also acts as a cellular binding site for factor VII (FVII) and activated factor VII (FVIIa). Although much is know about the biochemistry and pathophysiological importance of EPCR, little is know how EPCR interaction with its ligands on cell surfaces affects its expression and facilitate internalization of the ligands. The present study was undertaken to characterize cellular localization and trafficking of EPCR and investigate how FVIIa or APC binding to EPCR influences these processes. The studies employed two cell model systems - primary cultured human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and CHO cells stably transfected with EPCR. Cellular localization of EPCR and its trafficking was analyzed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy or monitoring the expression of EPCR tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP). EPCR endocytosis was evaluated by biotinylation of cell surface proteins with NHS-SS- biotin, followed by monitoring the protection of biotinylated EPCR from a membrane-impermeable reducing agent. FVIIa and APC internalization and recycling was evaluated by monitoring the uptake/release of 125I-labeled ligands or following the intracellular routing of fluorescent dye (AF488)-conjugated ligands added to EPCR expressing cells. Data from these studies showed that a majority of EPCR is localized on the cell surface and distributed in a patchy and punctuate manner. Immunostaining of HUVEC and CHO-EPCR cells with EPCR mAb and caveolin-1 antibodies showed a high degree of co-localization of EPCR and caveolin-1. Depletion of cholesterol from the plasma membrane, which disrupts caveolae, by ß methyl cyclodextrin reduced the extent EPCR and caveloin-1 colocalization. These data indicate EPCR on the cell surface predominantly localizes in caveolae. Inside the cell, EPCR is mainly localized in a small perinuclear structure, which is the site of centrosome. Colocalization of EPCR with tubulin (a marker for centrosome) and rab 11 (a marker of recycling compartment, REC) revealed that EPCR is localized actually in the REC and not in the centrosome. A small fraction of EPCR is also localized in endosomes as evident from colocalization of EPCR with EEA1 and Rab5, early endosome markers. Chasing the cell surface biotinylated proteins showed no significant increase in the biotinylated EPCR in the intracellular pool of proteins, which indicate that EPCR is not actively endocytosed constitutively or that the internalized EPCR is immediately recycled back to the cell surface. FVIIa or APC binding to EPCR promoted the EPCR endocytosis. The endocytosed receptors were first observed in proximity of the plasma membrane after 10 min and by 30 to 60 min most of the endocytosed EPCR was accumulated in the REC. The internalized FVIIa or APC appeared to follow the same route of the endocytosed EPCR. Proteolytically inactive FVIIa or APC behaved same as FVIIa or APC in promoting EPCR endocytosis and its trafficking. EPCR-dependent FVIIa or APC internalization is a dynamin-dependent process as the inhibition of the GTPase activity of dynamin by a specific inhibitor (Dynasore) completely abrogated their internalization and accumulation in the REC. Additional studies revealed that disruption of coated-pit pathway by potassium depletion blocked the endocytosis of transferrin, a classic marker for endocytosis via clathrin-dependent coated-pit pathway, but had no effect on EPCR-dependent FVIIa or APC internalization. In contrast, disruption of caveolae by cholesterol depletion blocked the internalization of FVIIa but not transferrin. Rab11 dominant negative mutant form (S25N) prevented the passage of the endocytosed EPCR or the internalized FVIIa or APC into the REC. After peaking at 30 min, the amount of both the ligands and the receptor in the REC gradually decreased, and some of the internalized ligand re-appeared at the cell surface. Overall the data provided herein suggest that FVIIa or APC binding to EPCR, independent of their protease activity, promotes EPCR endocytosis via the dynamin-dependent caveolar pathway and the activation of rab11 by GTP is required for exit of the endocytosed receptor or the ligands from sorting endosomes to the recycling compartment.
10
Barth, Matthew John, Gopichand Pendurti, Cory Mavis, Natalie Czuczman, Jospeh J. Skitzki, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, and Myron Stefan Czuczman. "Preclinical activity of ofatumumab (OFA) in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e18537-e18537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e18537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
e18537 Background: MCL is characterized by an aggressive clinical course and inevitable development of refractory disease despite early intervention that often includes: immunotherapy (e.g., rituximab), multi-agent induction chemotherapy and consolidation with high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant in first remission. OFA is a fully human anti-CD20 mAb targeting a novel membrane-proximal epitope on CD20. To characterize the activity of ofatumumab in MCL, we conducted pre-clinical studies in cell lines, primary tumor cells derived from MCL patients and a MCL bearing severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model. Methods: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays were performed in 51Cr labeled Mino, Jeko, Rec-1 and Z-138 cells comparing RTX or OFA. Primary tumor cells were exposed ex vivo to OFA or RTX with human serum, differences in cell viability were determined by Cell Titer Glo assay. Expression of CD20 and complement inhibitory proteins (CIPs) CD55 and CD59 was determined by Imagestream analysis and Western blot. SCID mice were inoculated SQ with 10x106 Z-138 cells. Once tumors were established, mice were assigned to observation versus 4 doses of either OFA or RTX, and anti-tumor activity was measured by changes in tumor volume. Results: OFA induced higher CDC than RTX in all MCL cell lines tested (Mino: 65.9% vs. 0.5% ; Jeko 43.9% vs. 13.3% ; Rec-1 25.4% vs. 4.7% ; Z-138: 56.4% vs. 0.65%). No differences in ADCC were noted between OFA and RTX. In primary tumor cells, OFA and RTX demonstrated similar activity. CD20 levels were similar in all MCL cell lines tested. Of interest, CIP expression in MCL cell lines was higher when compared to other NHL cell lines, explaining differences observed between OFA and RTX. In vivo OFA was more effective in slowing tumor progression than RTX. Conclusions: Our data suggest OFA is more potent than RTX against MCL pre-clinical models. In addition and as expected, OFA exhibits potent CDC despite high expression of CIP. Our results support the evaluation of ofatumumab in future prospective clinical trials for patients with MCL.
Дисертації з теми "Rec mAb"
1
Akula, Kavitha. "Expanding the Spiroligomers Toolbox as Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/422281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ChemistryPh.D.
This work presents the application of spiroligomers as inhibitors of protein-protein interactions. After the discovery of an acyl-transfer coupling reaction by Dr. Zachary Brown, a previous graduate student of Schafmeister group, the synthesis of highly functionalized spiroligomers that mimic the helical domain of p53 was undertaken before each molecule was tested for binding to HDM2, a natural binding partner of p53. A library of molecules was synthesized on solid support that altered the stereochemistry along the spiroligomer as well as the presented functional groups. It was determined that spiroligomers enter human liver cancer cells through passive diffusion and induces a biological response in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. The synthesis of additional spiroligomer analogues achieved low micromolar to high nanomolar range activity during screening in direct and competitive binding assays. In parallel to the project above, a series of spiroligomers that mimic the side chains of the leucine zipper region of Max were synthesized in an effort to disrupt the interaction of the protein with c-Myc. The series of compounds contained various stereocenter combinations and different functional groups as before but were made in solution before testing for inhibition. Initial binding assays resulted in low micromolar activity, however, secondary assays (ELISA and cellular assays) did not confirm the inhibitory effect of spiroligomers on the c-Myc/Max heterodimer. In summary, this work illustrates that spiroligomers are capable mimics of helical peptides and can induce a biological response.
Temple University--Theses
2
Kelly, Elyse. "Maid for Man." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is a novella highlighting the struggle many religious individuals face to maintain a faith with or without physical props and boundaries, and why some people voluntarily live with pharisaical rules that make it harder to reside in the modern world. Maid for Man is the story of Caty, a young woman brought up by the strict conservatism of a combined church and homeschool group, who, after marrying a man and discovering he has no physical interest in her, must decide whether or not to divorce him, even though her family and community believe divorce is an excommunicable sin.B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
English; Creative Writing
3
Debroy, Saptarshi. "Spectrum Map and its Application in Cognitive Radio Networks." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent measurements on radio spectrum usage have revealed the abundance of underutilized bands of spectrum that belong to licensed users. This necessitated the paradigm shift from static to dynamic spectrum access. Cognitive radio based secondary networks that utilize such unused spectrum holes in the licensed band, have been proposed as a possible solution to the spectrum crisis. The idea is to detect times when a particular licensed band is unused and use it for transmission without causing interference to the licensed user. We argue that prior knowledge about occupancy of such bands and the corresponding achievable performance metrics can potentially help secondary networks to devise effective strategies to improve utilization.
In this work, we use Shepard's method of interpolation to create a spectrum map that provides a spatial distribution of spectrum usage over a region of interest. It is achieved by intelligently fusing the spectrum usage reports shared by the secondary nodes at various locations. The obtained spectrum map is a continuous and differentiable 2-dimension distribution function in space. With the spectrum usage distribution known, we show how different radio spectrum and network performance metrics like channel capacity, secondary network throughput, spectral efficiency, and bit error rate can be estimated. We show the applicability of the spectrum map in solving the intra-cell channel allocation problem in
centralized cognitive radio networks, such as IEEE 802.22. We propose a channel allocation scheme where the base station allocates interference free channels to the consumer premise equipments (CPE) using the spectrum map that it creates by fusing the spectrum usage information shared by some CPEs. The most suitable CPEs for information sharing are chosen on a dynamic basis using an iterative clustering algorithm. Next, we present a contention based media access control (MAC) protocol for distributed cognitive radio network. The unlicensed secondary users contend among themselves over a common control channel. Winners of the contention get to access the available channels ensuring high utilization and minimum collision with primary incumbent. Last, we propose a multi-channel, multi-hop routing protocol with secondary transmission power control. The spectrum map, created and maintained by a set of sensors, acts as the basis of finding the best route for every source destination pair. The proposed routing protocol ensures primary receiver protection and maximizes achievable link capacity.
Through simulation experiments we show the correctness of the prediction model and how it can be used by secondary networks for strategic positioning of secondary transmitter-receiver pairs and selecting the best candidate channels. The simulation model mimics realistic distribution of TV stations for urban and non-urban areas. Results validate the nature and accuracy of estimation, prediction of performance metrics, and efficiency of the allocation process in an IEEE 802.22 network. Results for the proposed MAC protocol show high channel utilization with primary quality of service degradation within a tolerable limit. Performance evaluation of the proposed routing scheme reveals that it ensures primary receiver protection through secondary power control and maximizes route capacity.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computing
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Engineering
4
Alfattani, Safwan. "Indirect Methods for Constructing Radio Environment Map." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35666.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To solve the spectrum scarcity problem caused by the high number of wireless applications and users, the concept of cognitive radio (CR) was proposed in the past few years. Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) provide dynamic spectrum access (DSA), where the unlicensed users can access the spectrum without causing unacceptable level of interference to the primary user (PU). DSA was based on conventional spectrum sensing information or geolocation databases. Later,
radio environment map (REM) as an improved geolocation database was introduced to enhance the DSA process. It is a comprehensive map consists of different integrated databases, and the interference field information is one of its databases.
In this thesis, a description of the REM concept and its construction methods will be
presented. The focus will be for the indirect methods for constructing interference map, which represents a layer of the REM. Indirect method refers to the methods that utilize known model information, to first estimate the primary transmitter parameters and then generate REM. Two indirect methods under lognormal shadowing were presented and compared. The better of these two methods is further investigated in different scenarios. These scenarios include different
number of sensors, varied size of measurements, several shadowing spread values, different percentages of error in path-loss exponent, and the effect of the number of moving sensors and their speeds to the REM quality. The performance is evaluated using these metrics: “localization error, signal power error and correct detection zone ratio (CDZR). The results show that performance is enhanced as the number of sensors and the size of measurements increase, whereas clear degradation in REM quality is shown when shadowing spread increases or the model parameters are not well calibrated. Also, as the number of moving sensors or their speeds
increase, the REM performance becomes less effective
5
Banister, Susan H. "Regenerating gene (reg) expression : studies in the BB rat and man." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296263.
Повний текст джерела
6
Gómez, E. Luis. "Plataforma de intercambio red mar y tierra : infraestructura para la transferencia marítima terrestre de pasajeros en el borde mar." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ArquitectoEl presente proyecto busca consolidar el intercambio modal del Archipiélago, entre las Islas Menores y la Isla Grande de Chiloé. Esto, mediante infraestructura que facilite la movilidad, coordinando eficientemente cambio modal del transporte. Así se otorgará y realzara la vocación de intercambio que posee el borde mar chilote, identificando su estructura organizativa y funcional, clasificando las distintas escalas de intercambio que se desarrollan en el borde.
7
Louw, Ronald Hayward. "Criminal negligence and mens rea : is the reasonable man test an unreasonable one?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references.In this essay I shall explore the various pertinent components of the test for criminal negligence paying particular attention to the issues raised above, namely, the pure objective test, the notion of the reasonable man, the relative objective test, circumstances external to the actor, and the subjective test. In doing so I shall critically consult and review the writings of various South African writers on the topic as well as the courts' handling of the test and its attendant practical and theoretical difficulties. For the sake of completeness and clarity certain other closely related issues will be explored, namely, whether the test for negligent delictual liability is applicable in criminal law, and the distinction between and nature of unlawfulness and mens rea in negligence crimes. These latter issues, which will not be developed as fully, serve as a necessary component of any discussion on the central question in this essay, namely, the justness and fairness of determining criminal negligence by means of the objective reasonable man test.
8
Adams, Leanne M. "MOLECULAR TYPING OF MYCOBACTERIAL ISOLATES CULTURED FROM THE TISSUE OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE (CROHN'S DISEASE) PATIENTS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4450.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The role of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) in the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn's Disease (CD), has been investigated. The fastidious characteristics and cross reactivity of MAP with other members in Mycobacteria have produced significant challenges in their detection and identification. In this two year pilot study, an array of three PCR molecular assays based on the detection of sequences from the16S rRNA, IS1245, and IS900 genes, belonging to members of the MAC, have been developed and optimized into a common protocol to be used as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool regarding M. avium complex (MAC) infection. The PCR protocol time was reduced by half, and the sensitivity and specificity of the molecular assays has been significantly improved barring the need for southern hybridization. This improved methodology was employed for the molecular typing of MAC in 100 resected, full-thickness tissue samples removed from IBD patients. The tissue samples were homogenized, decontaminated, and inoculated into two mycobacterial culture media systems. A total of 328 Bactec and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MIGT) cultures were evaluated for positive MAC growth. Harvested cells were then subjected to genomic DNA extraction and subsequent PCR typing. The I6 S rRNA-based PCR resulted in detection of 26/28 (93%) MAC in Bactec cultures. Specifically, 25/28 (89%) of positive MAC indicated the presence of IS1245 specific to M. avium subsp avium (MAV), and 6/28 (21%) produced results consistent with the presence of IS900 following nested PCR. Moreover, 20/100 (20%) of MGIT cultures were positive for MAP. Sequence analysis was performed on amplified regions of the IS900 element from seven isolates. A nucleotide alignment revealed that 2/7 isolates demonstrated 100% homology to Bovine MAP and 5/7 isolates showed 96-99% homology to sequenced Bovine MAP published in GenBank. The detection of at least two Bovine derived MAP in IBD tissue will have great impact on the epidemiology and reclassification of IBD. The significant homology of the other five isolates to Bovine derived MAP suggests a diversity in the geographical distribution of MAP regarding Johne's disease and CD. Ultimately, the etiology, diagnosis, and the treatment of IBD as well as control and prevention measures may be enhanced with better tools for investigating emerging infectious diseases.M.S.
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Health and Public Affairs
Molecular Biology and Microbiology
9
Driscoll, Nicholaus D. "Geologic Map of the Deer Point Quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3276.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A new geologic map of the Deer Point 7.5' quadrangle located in the southern region of Capitol Reef National Park in south-central Utah provides stratigraphic and structural detail not previously available. The Deer Point quadrangle was mapped at a scale of 1:24,000 and is the fourth geologic map completed at this scale in Capitol Reef National Park. Twelve Quaternary units and eighteen bedrock formations and members are exposed in the Deer Point quadrangle. Bedrock formations range in age from Triassic to Cretaceous. The details not available on previous geologic maps include: four alluvial terrace units, two lacustrine units, two mass movement units, and members of the Moenkopi, Chinle, and Carmel Formations. Historically the Page Sandstone has been mapped as part of the Navajo Sandstone or the Carmel Formation. This map identifies the Page Sandstone as a separate and independent unit. The Deer Point quadrangle is cross cut by a portion of a Laramide-age, basement cored, NNW-SSE trending asymmetrical anticline called the Waterpocket Fold. Strikes and dips measured throughout the Deer Point quadrangle identify the vergence of the anticline as eastward with a maximum dip of 49˚ on the forelimb and 7˚ on the backlimb. The maximum dip on the forelimb dramatically decreases in the southern quarter of the quadrangle to 15˚.The Utah Geological Survey is mapping the Hite Crossing 30' x 60' quadrangle at a scale of 1:62.500. The Deer Point quadrangle is one of 32 quadrangles that comprise the Hite Crossing quadrangle. The Utah Geological Survey is working to establish erosion rates on the Colorado Plateau. To do this, they are dating alluvial terrace deposits. Within the Deer Point quadrangle four new terrace levels have been identified that could help with this research. Additional research could use these terrace deposits to better understand erosion rates in the Deer Point quadrangle and the broader Colorado Plateau. Numerous mass movement deposits are found within the Deer Point quadrangle. The largest has been named the Red Slide. Several aspects of the Red Slide are identified including classification, breakaway zone, source, deposit size, composition, debris flow path and depositional history. The Red Slide has been classified as a debris flow. The breakaway zone is a concave cliff 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the west of the debris flow's present location. The flow's scarp is no longer identifiable. The source of the debris flow material is the Chinle Formation and Wingate Sandstone. The Red Slide deposit covers an area of over 16.6 million ft2 (~1.5 million m2). The toe of the debris flow is 1 mile (1.6 km) wide. The estimated maximum thickness of the debris flow is sixty meters. The Red Slide is composed of fine-grained, clay- and silt- sized material, and a small amount of angular pebble- to cobble-sized limestone clasts from the Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation. Boulder- to sand-sized grains from the Wingate Sandstone are scattered throughout the deposit with the larger grains forming inversely grading packages. The Red Slide likely occurred as a series of large debris flows, not one catastrophic event, although they may have occurred at about the same time.
10
Barth, Timothy. "INFLUENCE MAP METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING SYSTEMIC SAFETY ISSUES." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Raising the bar" in safety performance is a critical challenge for many organizations. Contributing factor taxonomies organize information on why accidents occur. Therefore, they are essential elements of accident investigations and safety reporting systems. Organizations must balance efforts to identify causes of specific accidents with efforts to evaluate systemic safety issues in order to become more proactive about improving safety. This research successfully addressed two problems: (1) limited methods and metrics exist to support the design of effective taxonomies, and (2) influence relationships between contributing factors are not explicitly modeled within a taxonomy. The primary result of the taxonomic relationship modeling efforts was an innovative "dual role" contributing factor taxonomy with significant improvements in comprehensiveness and diagnosticity over existing taxonomies. The influence map methodology was the result of a unique graphical and analytical combination of the dual role taxonomy and influence relationship models. Influence maps were developed for several safety incidents at Kennedy Space Center. An independent assessment was conducted by a team of experts using the new dual role taxonomy and influence chain methodology to evaluate the accuracy and completeness of contributing factors identified during the formal incident investigations. One hundred and sixteen contributing factors were identified using the influence map methodology. Only 16% of these contributing factors were accurately identified with traditional tools, and over half of the 116 contributing factors were completely unaddressed by the findings and recommendations of the formal incident reports. The new methodology is being applied to improve spaceport operations and enhance designs of future NASA launch systems.Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Книги з теми "Rec mAb"
1
dong, Xing. Ren mai jiu shi ming mai. Chang chun: Shi dai wen yi chu ban she, 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерела
2
Donna, Fisher, Vilas Sandy, Wei la (Vilas Sandy), and Chen Bocang, eds. Qiang shi ren mai. Tai bei shi: Xi dai, 1996.
Знайти повний текст джерела
3
Shan yong ren mai jiu shi zhua jin qian mai. Beijing: Zhong guo shi dai jing ji chu ban she, 2011.
Знайти повний текст джерела
4
Ren mai zi ben: Ru he ba ni de ren mai bian cheng xian jin liu. Beijing: Zhong guo qing nian chu ban she, 2012.
Знайти повний текст джерела
5
yi, Gao. Ren mai ji guan. Bei jing: Zhong guo hua qiao chu ban she, 2012.
Знайти повний текст джерела
6
Xiao shou ren mai shu quan ji: Xiao shou. ren mai zhen cang ban. Beijing: Zhong guo fang zhi chu ban she, 2011.
Знайти повний текст джерела
9
qin, Chen ya. Ren mai zhi hui quan ji. Bei jing: Qi ye guan li chu ban she, 2007.
Знайти повний текст джерела
10
Fleming, Victor, and John Mahin. Red dust. [United States]: Warner Home Video, 2012.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Rec mAb"
1
Gorawski, Marcin, Sławomir Bańkowski, and Michał Gorawski. "RBTAT: Red-Black Table Aggregate Tree." In Man-Machine Interactions, 605–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00563-3_63.
Повний текст джерела
2
Browder, Bill, Hans Freundl, and Sigrid Schmid. "Kapitel 2: Wie rebelliert man gegen eine kommunistische Familie?" In Red Notice, 24–29. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446443198.002.
Повний текст джерела
3
Kirchberger, Ulrike. "»The First Man Was Red«." In Grenzüberschreitende Religion, 241–62. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666310218.241.
Повний текст джерела
4
Bao, Chengbei, Chao Ji, and Bo Cheng. "A Red Man with Scale." In Clinical Cases in Exfoliative Dermatitis, 41–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08466-9_8.
Повний текст джерела
5
Aldred, Oscar, and Gavin Lucas. "The map as assemblage." In Re-Mapping Archaeology, 19–36. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351267724-2.
Повний текст джерела
6
Biehl, Jason Whitney. "The Man in the Mirror." In (Re)Teaching Trayvon, 81–94. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-785-8_9.
Повний текст джерела
7
Wickstead, Helen. "Cults of the distribution map." In Re-Mapping Archaeology, 37–72. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351267724-3.
Повний текст джерела
8
McMillan, Alexander. "A Man with a Red, Itchy Penis." In Sexually Transmissible Infections in Clinical Practice, 81–84. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-557-4_12.
Повний текст джерела
9
Strożek, Przemysław. "The Collective Embodiment of the Red Man." In Picturing the Workers' Olympics and the Spartakiads, 143–70. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003179894-6.
Повний текст джерела
10
Liu, Weixin, Hao Jiang, Hongyan Ou, Shuxin Wang, and Kang Yu. "An Analysis of the U.S. Red Flag Military Exercises." In Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering, 638–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4786-5_89.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Rec mAb"
1
Gatling, K. E., A. H. Jarvis, and D. A. MacLeod. "One mac, two mac, red mac, SUMAC." In the 17th annual ACM SIGUCCS conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/73760.73795.
Повний текст джерела
2
Santos, M. T., J. Aznar, J. Valles, and J. L. Perez-Reguejo. "ASPIRIN MODIFIES RED BLOOD CELL BEHAVIOUR (RBC) IN THE PLATELET-RBC INTERACTION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
RBC stimulate the initial stages of platelet activation by collagen as evaluated by the BASIC wave (Perez-Requejo et al. Thromb Haemostas 54:799 1985). In order to get some insight into the mechanisms of platelet-RBC interactions, a BASIC wave was induced by lug/ml of collagen after mixing "in vitro" platelets and RBC obtained both before and two hours after a single dose of 500 mg of ASA from normal subjects. The TXB2 formed was also evaluated. The results show (Table) that non aspirinized RBC (non-ASA-RBC) increase the BASIC wave intensity of aspirinized platelets (ASA-PRP) by a cyclooxygenase-independent pathway since no increase in TXB2 was observed (Exp 1), while both non-ASA-RBC (Exp 2) and ASA-RBC (Exp 3) activate non-ASA platelets with theparticipation of the cyclooxygenase system, since an increase in TXA2 was found.A comparison of the effect of non-ASA-RBC (Exp 1) and ASA-RBC (Exp 4) on aspirinized platelets shows that ASA modifies the RBC behaviour associated with estimulation of platelets by a cyclooxygenase-independent pathway. This effect of ASA on RBC is nottransient and lasts at least 48 hours after ASA ingestion. In addition, when asmall proportion of nonASA platelets (10%) is mixed with aspirinized platelets(90%) and ASA-RBC - a situation that can be encountered "in vivo" inthe hours following ASA ingestion - the intensity of the BASIC wave is 89% of that obtained when all the platelets are non aspirinized. This RBC effect on the mixtureof ASA and nonASA platelets, may help explain the sometimes contradictory effect of ASA as an antithrombotic agent.
3
MATARÉSIO, Larissa Zuim. "Mulheres do MAB em defesa de um projeto energético popular." In III Encuentro Internacional de Investigadores y Estudiantes de la Red Reoalcei. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/116803.3-5.
Повний текст джерела
4
Carena, F., W. Carena, S. Chapeland, V. Chibante Barroso, F. Costa, C. Delort, E. Denes, et al. "MAD - Monitoring ALICE Dataflow." In 2014 IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference (RT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtc.2014.7097457.
Повний текст джерела
5
Sun, Tianhao, Man Luo, Renqin Chen, Yunni Xia, and Ning Jiang. "Rec-clusterGCN: An Efficient Graph Convolution Network for Recommendation." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658969.
Повний текст джерела
6
Steakley, Bruce C., Aidan E. Roche, John B. Kumer, Lanny W. Sterritt, Juan C. Dawson, and Charles M. Reilly. "Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) Overview and System Spatial Response Calibration." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.ma6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Significant attention is focused on the study of the upper atmosphere and the potential effects of changes in the climate, weather, and protection provided by the ozone layer. The NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) (figure 1) , will provide a global, continuous, and comprehensive look at the upper atmosphere over an 18 month period with scheduled launch in the fall of 1991. The Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) will derive Stratospheric temperatures and constituent number densities from the measurement of infrared spectral emissions. Overviews of the CLAES experiment and hardware are given by Roche et al (Ref 1) and Burriesci et al. (Ref 2).
7
Boogaerts, M. A., P. Zachée, M. P. Emonds, W. Goossens, R. L. Verwilghen, and R. L. Lins. "ERYTHROCYTES(RBC) AS SUICIDAL ENDOGENOUS SCAVENGERS IN IMMUNE TRIGGERED GRANULOCYTE(PMN)MEDIATED VASCULAR DAMAGE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PMN produced toxic oxygen radicals(TOR)have been implicated in the generation of endothelial injury in a number of clinical conditions e.g. in apheresis,hemodialysis, ARDS and atherosclerosis. RBC have shown to inhibit TOR induced damage in a number of hyper-oxic lung injury models.We surmised RBC may serve as endogenous TOR scavengers in those in vivo situations where PMN are immunologically triggered(e.g. complement-activation in hemodialysis)to produce endothelial damage.However, RBC in their role as scavengers may became more vulnerable to further oxydant stress and display a reduced life span.Confluent monolayers of 51cr-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells will release 7.5 ± 1.3% of their label upon incubation with complement triggered PMN.When these PMN (l)are premixed with RBC(10),the endothelial damage can be inhibited by 78.4 ± 3.2%.This inhibition can be reproduced by replacing intact RBC by their hemolysates,but not by red cell ghosts.In a 51cr-RBC cytotoxicity system,phorbolester stimulated PMN will lyse 52.6 ± 4.2% RBC.Addition of unlabeled RBC(1/5),inhibits cytotoxicity by 31.1%,their hemolysate by 100%.Pretreatment of added unlabeled RBC with the anion channel blocker DIDS,did not significantly block the scavenger effect.RBC-targets fron hemodialysis-patients(n=8),are more vulnerable to PMN mediated cytotoxicity than normal controls(+24.1%,p<0.001). This vulnerability is further increased(+16.3%,p<0.05)during the early stages of the hemodialysis-procedure,at the time when granulocyte counts are lowest and TOR-generation highest.The GSH of he-modialysis-RBC can be more rapidly depleted upon challenge byAPH, while they also display a significant higher methemoglobin production upon sodium ascorbate challenge,both indicative of their, increased oxidative sensitivity. High dose Vitamin C(10™3M)or desfe-rioxamine(10™3M)inhibit all RBC cytotoxicity.We conclude that RBC serve as endogenous scavengers of TOR,generated by PMN,triggered by corplement activation during hemodialysis. However,by doing so,they became themselves more vulnerable to further oxidative stress,which may contribute to the chronic anemia of hemodialysis-patients.
8
Zhang, Jie, Jie Wu, Zhao Han, Liefeng Liu, and Kaiyun Tian. "Low power, accurate time synchronization MAC protocol for real-time wireless data acquisition." In 2012 IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference (RT 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtc.2012.6418351.
Повний текст джерела
9
Young, Terry P. "Computer-aided design of integrated optics: closing the synthesis loop." In Integrated Photonics Research. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.ma4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The numerical techniques for analyzing integrated optics include the well-known finite-element (FEM), finite-difference (FDM), and beam-propagation (BPM) methods, and a number of lesser known and emergent techniques (see Ref. 1 and references cited therein).
10
Johnston, Christopher R., Mark A. Bryant, and Jeanne E. Pemberton. "Surface Enhanced and Unenhanced Raman Scattering of Alkanethiols Adsorbed on Silver and Gold Surfaces." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.ma2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Raman spectroscopy has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool with which to probe the orientation of bonding of molecules on metal surfaces. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been successfully used for this purpose, but suffers from the requirement for considerable surface roughness in order for the ehancement to be realized. A more desirable approach is the acquisition of Raman spectra of molecules on smooth metal surfaces. This is accomplished in our laboratory with charge-coupled device (CCD) detection which provides adequate sensitivity for the observation of monolayers of organic molecules. This detector is coupled to a triple spectrometer and used with Ar+-pumped dye laser excitation between ca. 600 and 720 nm. Excitation in the red region of the spectrum is essential for enhancement on Au surfaces. The high quantum efficiencies of extended-red CCDs in this region provide excellent sensitivity for these measurements.
Звіти організацій з теми "Rec mAb"
1
Chen, S., K. Hattori, E. C. Grunsky, and Y. Liu. Principal component analysis and REE-hosting minerals of sandstones in the REE-rich Maw Zone, Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296514.
Повний текст джерела
2
Dixon, J. Isopach map: Upper Aptian-Albian strata (Arctic Red Formation and Albian flysch). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207677.
Повний текст джерела
3
Hanf, Robert W., Ted M. Poston, and Lynn E. Bisping. Surface Environmental Surveillance Procedures Manual, PNL-MA-580, Rev. 5. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926123.
Повний текст джерела
4
Lynch, Timothy P. In Vivo Monitoring Program Manual, PNL-MA-574, Rev 5.1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024546.
Повний текст джерела
5
Consulting, Condor. Swainson's Hawk Nest and Red-tailed Hawk Nest Monitoring Report and Buffer Map. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1865527.
Повний текст джерела
6
Zhao, Fangfang, Chunli Lu, Luying Chen, Yaxin Guo, Lijie Lu, Yuerong Jiang, Jianping Liu, and Keji Chen. Red yeast rice preparations for dyslipidemia: A protocol for an overview of systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0032.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Review question / Objective: What is the quality of systematic reviews/meta-analysis of red yeast rice (RYR) preparations for dyslipidemia? What is the comparative benefit of red yeast rice preparations on dyslipidemia compared to other lipid-lowering drugs? Based on the current controversies in dyslipidemia guidelines and clinical practice, to explore the relative benefits of red yeast rice compared with other lipid-lowering drugs, we plan to perform an overview of existing SRs/MAs. Condition being studied: Red yeast rice (RYR) has been used as an alternative to statin therapy in treating patients with dyslipidemia, particularly in those considered to be statin intolerant due to statin-associated myalgia (SAM), and clinical studies suggest that RYR is well-tolerated, safe, and effective for cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention. Several studies support the beneficial effect of RYR on blood lipid profiles. Dyslipidemia is a worldwide public health challenge because of its high prevalence, leading to significant economic and social burdens. Many systematic reviews (SRs) /meta-analysis (MAs) have been performed to prove the effects of RYR on dyslipidemia during the past several years. High-quality SRs/MAs can provide clinicians, patients, and other decision-makers with a reliable scientific basis. However, existing SRs/MAs showed varied and heterogeneous results.
7
Ambaw, Dessie, Madhavi Pundit, Arief Ramayandi, and Nicholas Sim. Real Exchange Rate Misalignment and Business Cycle Fluctuations in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220066-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the impact of real exchange rate (RER) misalignment on business cycles among 22 economies in Asia and the Pacific from 1990 to 2018. It employs a panel vector autoregression involving consumer price index (CPI) inflation, output gap, short-term interest rate, and RER misalignment. The authors find that RER overvaluation may lead to a reduction in CPI inflation and short-term interest rate. The study also illustrates Asia and the Pacific’s heterogeneity as evidenced by the output gaps of some economies, particularly in Southeast Asia, which are shown to be more susceptible to RER misalignment shocks.
8
Delmer, Deborah P., Douglas Johnson, and Alex Levine. The Role of Small Signal Transducing Gtpases in the Regulation of Cell Wall Deposition Patterns in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570571.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The combined research of the groups of Delmer, Levine and Johnson has led to a number of interesting findings with respect to the function of the small GTPase Rac in plants and also opened up new leads for future research. The results have shown: 1) The Rac13 protein undergoes geranylgeranlyation and is also translocated to the plasma membrane as found for Rac in mammals; 2) When cotton Rac13 is highly- expressed in yeast, it leads to an aberrant phenotype reminiscent of mutants impaired in actin function, supporting a role for Rac13 in cytoskeletal organization; 3) From our searches, there is no strong evidence that plants contain homologs of the related CDC42 genes found in yeast and mammals; 4) We have identified a rather unique Rac gene in Arabidopsis that has unusual extensions at both the N- and C-terminal portions of the protein; 5) New evidence was obtained that an oxidative burst characterized by substantial and sustained production of H202 occurs coincident with the onset of secondary wall synthesis in cotton fibers. Further work indicates that the H202 produced may be a signal for the onset of this phase of development and also strongly suggests that Rac plays an important role in signaling for event. Since the secondary walls of plants that contain high levels of lignin and cellulose are the major source of biomass on earth, understanding what signals control this process may well in the future have important implications for manipulating the timing and extent of secondary wall deposition. 6) When the cotton Rac13 promoter is fused to the reporter gene GUS, expression patterns in Arabidopsis indicate very strong and specific expression in developing trichomes and in developing xyelm. Since both of these cell types are engaged in secondary wall synthesis, this further supports a role for Rac in signaling for onset of this process. Since cotton fibers are anatomically defined as trichomes, these data may also be quite useful for future studies in which the trichomes of Arabidopsis may serve as a model for cotton fiber development; the Rac promoter can therefore be useful to drive expression of other genes proposed to affect fiber development and study the effects on the process; 7) The Rac promoter has also been shown to be the best so far tested for use in development of a system for transient transformation of developing cotton fibers, a technique that should have many applications in the field of cotton biotechnology; 8) One candidate protein that may interact with Rac13 to be characterized further in the future is a protein kinase that may be analogous to the PAK kinase that is known to interact with Rac in mammals.
9
Chen, S., E. C. Grunsky, K. Hattori, and Y. Liu. Principal component analysis of geochemical data from the REE-rich Maw Zone, Athabasca Basin, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/295615.
Повний текст джерела
10
Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.