Дисертації: "Regional economic clusters"

1

Zeelie, Eben Johannes. "Benchmark value chain clusters, agglomeration economies and dynamic externalities : an intergrated approach to regional economic development." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1086.

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From the broad overview of the cluster literature, the proposition emerges that the manipulation of regional economic structural and cluster factor conditions within a geographically proximate region can translate into sustainable regional economic growth outcomes. As a first step in exploring this research, a theoretical framework for the conceptualisation of industry clusters was established and a methodological framework applied to statistically identify major manufacturing value chain clusters in the Eastern Cape Province. This methodology combines a strength-of-linkage measure for all pairs of supply and use sectors (as revealed in the systematic analysis of intermediate purchasing and sales patterns in the South African Final Supply and Use Tables: 2002) with the application of Ward’s hierarchical cluster algorithm to map the national benchmark value chain clusters in the South African national economy. The ensuing national value chain benchmark cluster framework was then transposed to the Eastern Cape Province to reveal cluster concentrations and gaps that exist in the value chain clusters in the province. The methodology applied in this study provides an objective and clear perspective of inter-industry linkages in the South African economy and produces more detailed and evenly distributed clusters than traditional cluster identification methodologies. Secondary linkages were determined for each of the twenty-six core value chain clusters to depict the diversity of sectors linked to the respective core clusters. In transposing the national benchmark value chain cluster framework onto the Eastern Cape Province economy, a number of distinct advantages emerge. Firstly, it reveals gaps in value chain cluster groupings that may be filled through industry recruiting or regional business development strategies. However, not all industries absent from value chain clusters in the region are equally attractive for recruitment. Henceforth, the number of direct and indirect linkages to industries absent from the Eastern Cape Province serves as a measure of their relative attractiveness when considering their recruitment into the region. vi The benchmark value chain cluster framework alone does not explain which agglomeration externalities are generated and exploited within each cluster, but it served as the overarching framework for the remainder of the research. Accordingly, the value chain cluster framework was applied to evidence whether specialisation, competition or diversity (represented by MAR, Porter and Jacobs economies respectively) is the operative mechanism in generating cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. Since agglomeration externalities are not directly observable, construct-valid indicators for the various externalities, as well as appropriate mechanisms to empirically assess the statistical relevance of MAR-, Porter and Jacobs economies in stimulating cluster growth, were established. This thesis added to agglomeration literature by disaggregating the standard measure of diversity externalities into two unique diversity indicators, namely supply diversity (SDiv) and use diversity (UDiv). The SDiv- and UDiv coefficients measure the degree to which a value chain cluster’s supplying/user sectoral mix at provincial level differs from that of the cluster grouping at the national level. This distinction between supply-and use diversity developed in this study firstly provides a clearer insight into the relative regional presence of supplying- and using sectors to the various value chain clusters, and secondly, serves as a useful mechanism to regional policymakers in identifying industries that may be targeted for investment into a region. Therefore, by separating the diversity into its two components, a clear distinction can be drawn between the impact of supplying- and using sectors on value chain cluster growth in a particular region. From a narrow perspective, the empirical findings validate both the Marshall Arrow Romer- (small positive impact of regional cluster concentration) and the Jacobs theory (significant positive impact of cluster supply- and use diversity on cluster growth), while it invalidates Porter’s theory (no correlation between competition and cluster performance). The positive effect size recorded between the level of value chain cluster concentration and differential growth indicates that policy makers in the Eastern Cape Province will be well advised to direct growth interventions towards larger concentrated clusters, than towards smaller, incipient value chain clusters. Additionally, vii the effectiveness of targeted inward FDI to the Eastern Cape Province may be raised by evaluating the economic impact against current value chain cluster structure, as well as the effect on the supply- and use diversities of existing value chain clusters in the province. This thesis has also illustrated that value chain clusters that are concentrated in the region, show a positive effect size with the level of supply diversity in the region. Conversely, value chain clusters that reflect high levels of competitiveness record a positive effect size with use diversity. Policy interventions aimed at raising the performance of value chain clusters typified by smaller players in a competitive environment, should therefore consider raising the respective levels of use diversity in the region. This research awakens the proposition that a reliance on a serendipitous approach to generate dynamic externalities is not sufficient, and that certain factor conditions favour the transfer of tacit knowledge between cluster members. Accordingly, this research empirically explored whether statistically significant relationships can be detected between the common cluster elements, or factor conditions, that serve as conduits for the transfer of dynamic externalities and value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. The findings indicate that linkages with knowledge generating institutions in the Eastern Cape Province do, albeit to a relatively small extent, have an impact on value chain cluster growth, and validates the assertion that cognitive enhancing institutions contribute to cluster growth. The importance of backward and forward linkages in nurturing regional growth is signified by the moderate effect size recorded by the level of vertical linkages and total value chain cluster growth. Similarly, a moderate effect size was recorded between the level of horizontal linkages and value chain cluster growth, which shows that cooperation amongst competing firms do stimulate cluster and regional growth in the Eastern Cape Province and affirms the proposition that inter-firm linkages on both vertical- and horizontal levels stimulate cluster growth. An expectation was that the institutional framework conditions would have a significant impact on value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province. However, the empirical findings reflect that the institutional framework conditions have no statistical impact on value chain cluster growth. The study also found a moderate, positive effect size between value chain cluster size (number of employees) and growth, which shows viii that size matters in regional growth. In other words, in contrast to their European counterparts, the larger the number of employees per value chain cluster, the greater the impact on value chain cluster growth in the Eastern Cape Province.

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2

Bozkirlioglu, Ali. "Cluster Potential In Industrial Sectors Of Samsun: Kutlukent Furniture Cluster Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605603/index.pdf.

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The present study investigated whether cluster potentials could be identified in the geographical area within the boundaries of Samsun province, and if identified, how such a potential could be promoted through corresponding support measures. Development of policy recommendations for promotion of identified cluster potential was the principal goal of the study. The course of the study was characterized by a cluster-based policy-making process in the policy environment, i.e. Samsun province. The process includes a descriptive part, i.e. cluster analysis, and a prescriptive part, i.e. determining policy goals and designing policy instruments. In the literature review, a guide to the field study was developed by review of various approaches to cluster concept
common features of clusters and the competitive advantages these give rise to
various practices in cluster-based policy development, and various cluster analysis methods. The field study starts with the initial identification of need for policy intervention, at which stage the rationale for pursuing a cluster-based policy in the specific conditions of Samsun and Turkey was discussed. The &ldquo
clusters as sectors&rdquo
approach was utilized in the identification of region&rsquo
s (potential) clusters and selection of the cluster as the subject of analysis and policy development. The analysis of industrial sectors in Samsun&rsquo
s economy was followed by selection of the target sector via employing various criteria assessing the importance of these sectors in terms of value added to the regional economy, and the clustering potential. Accordingly, furniture sector was selected, and the agglomeration of furniture sector enterprises in Kutlukent locality was identified as the potential cluster to be the subject of analysis and policy development. Following the identification of the potential cluster, the descriptive part was completed by second-stage micro-level analysis of the identified potential cluster, by which detailed information about the potential cluster was presented. At that phase, cluster potential of the structure was assessed by examining the elements in cluster value and production chain
public and private business support infrastructure
the flow of materials and goods in the chain
untraded relationships between the elements
characteristics of enterprises and workforce
and innovation performance. This comprehensive in-depth analysis of the cluster provided the required information to identify the specific needs of the cluster for cluster-based policy intervention. In the last part of the thesis, i.e. prescriptive part, cluster-oriented policy recommendations were developed including the determination of policy goal and the design/selection of policy instruments. The necessary information was collected by two-stage expert interviews, and by overall scan of the enterprises involved in the cluster via enterprise survey, which was realized in interviews with all of the enterprises. Six experts and 283 enterprises participated in the study. The results of the analysis showed that, while Kutlukent furniture cluster had some features, which are common in effective cluster models, the cluster lacks some critical features, which are crucial for effective functioning of a successful cluster. Hence, Kutlukent furniture cluster was defined as a &ldquo
potential&rdquo
cluster, which should be promoted by utilizing the existing potentials and strengths, and by addressing the weaknesses and obstacles identified in the analysis of the cluster, via appropriate cluster-oriented policy measures, which were proposed in the prescriptive part of the policy-making process. By these measures, the elements of Kutlukent potential cluster would be able to realize competitive advantages associated with clustering as in successful cluster models.

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3

Pohl, Alina. "Eco-Clusters as Driving Force for Greening Regional Economic Policy. Policy Paper no 27." European Commission, bmwfw, 2015. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4737/1/WWWforEurope_Policy_Paper_027.pdf.

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This research investigates eco-clusters as driver for greening regional economic policy and examines necessary incentive structures to foster eco-innovation as well as growth and employment in the eco-industry sector. Eco-clusters are seen in context with sustainability and environmental friendly behavior as means for a socio-ecological transition in the long run. The main hypothesis implies that eco-clusters have to be policy driven and established top-down and therefore differ from cluster structures in other industries. Possible reasons are uncertainty on a developing market as well as external effects of eco-innovations; the latter are seen as radical innovations. Based on theoretic findings for the establishment of clusters and general research findings for eco-clusters and eco-innovations, it is differentiated between a spontaneous cluster emergence from private initiatives through self-reinforcing forces of companies in a region (bottom-up), and the formation of a policy-driven network with primarily regional objectives to stimulate the competitive advantage of the regional industrial location (top-down). The hypothesis will be proofed by empirical results gained through personal interviews and complemented by findings in current research literature. Finally, implications for incentive structures to green economic policy are identified. It is shown that eco-clusters are different to other clusters and crucial for a long-term sustainable change and thus need political commitment and public incentives. For empirical observation, eco-clusters in Austria were selected. This research relates to the ongoing debate on green growth and develops policy incentives for establishment of eco-clusters and thus greening of economic policy.
Series: WWWforEurope

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4

Miller, Chad Richard. "The Tholian Web: The Political/Institutional Context of Regional Cluster-Based Economic Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27984.

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This is an exploratory study that applies the dominant theories of the community power structure literature to the trend of regional cluster-based economic development policy in order to develop a conceptual framework of the political/institutional context of this "new" approach. In order to develop a framework that can be utilized by practitioners, field studies were conducted in Austin, Texas; Portland, Oregon; Greenville/Spartanburg, South Carolina; Lynchburg, Virginia; and Roanoke, Virginia. The findings are that the major community power structure theories (i.e., market model, economic forces, civic culture, regime theory, the growth machine, and civic entrepreneurs) all provide important insights for the adoption of cluster-based policies. Other important factors that need to be considered are the importance of public administrators, performance metrics, state context, institutional arrangements, elected officials, tax structure, and historical path dependency. The implication for public administration is that the role of public administrators is contingent on the nature of the network governance structure.
Ph. D.

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5

Esparza, Timothy R. A. "Crafting clusters: an analysis of the craft beer industry in northern Colorado." Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32643.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Katherine Nesse
The following report examines the craft beer industry as a major component of the beverage production cluster in Northern Colorado. By using the four locational determinants derived by Porter (1990) as a framework, this study evaluates the role of geography as a key component in an industry’s ability to foster a competitive advantage. Despite his focus on national competitiveness, Porter's diamond model has influenced strategic thinking on a regional scale (Stimson, Stough & Roberts, 2006). In turn, it can help us to understand the interactions that underlie localized cluster dynamics. The cluster conception in economic development literature assumes that each of Porter's components is equally spatially connected. Resources are focused towards building assets in a region defined by analyzing the cluster. However, factors of the craft beer industry in Northern Colorado did not completely adhere to the traditional parameters of regional cluster geography. Personal interviews with key actors involved in the craft beer industry, along with economic data revealed that local factors are not always the driving force behind the development of the craft beer industry. In addition, the data analysis indicates that determinants of cluster success may be significant at various geographic scales. Locational determinants may not operate within the same area as defined by cluster analysis. Thus, this report closes with a recommendation to consider the significance of proximity when looking to increase the competitiveness of a given industry cluster—for the relationship between locational determinants and geography varies between factors.

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6

Gurellier, Ozlem. "Design Of A Performance Measurement Model For Industrial Clusters In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612793/index.pdf.

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Despite the advantages and dominance of globalization in today&rsquo
s world economics
clusters, as a regional based development tool, still attract many researchers and policy makers from all over the world in order to obtain sustainable competitiveness. As a result of fast rising number of cluster development policies and initiatives, the importance of measuring the performance of clusters arises. The purpose of this thesis is to design a performance measurement model, which will be applied to industrial clusters in Turkey. A model framework is developed, based on expected outcomes of clusters which are classified as productivity, innovativeness, new business formations and social capital. Indicators are selected based on extensive literature survey under these four determinants, and a scorecard is developed. After the design phase, the performance of two cluster cases from Turkey is studied. In order to improve clustering approach, it is important to monitor, measure identify the progress of clusters. It is believed that this work will be utile for policy makers to identify whether the interventions, incentives and promotions are beneficial for the desired purposes and whether they are used effectively.

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7

Grillitsch, Markus, Josephine Rekers, and Franz Tödtling. "When drivers of clusters shift scale from local towards global: What remains for regional innovation policy? PEGIS, Papers in Economic Geography and Innovation Studies." University of Vienna, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Agder, Kiel University, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6785/1/geo%2Ddisc%2D2019_03.pdf.

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Industries and regional economies evolve as a result of the interplay between local and non-local factors. Increasing globalization of both production- and innovation activities implies a shift in the relevant scales of interaction from the local towards the global level. This paper is concerned with the implications of such scale shifts for the role of the region and for cluster-related regional policies. It examines what is left of the role of regional settings in fostering economic development when extra-regional drivers of change increase in importance. We investigate this crucial question with two in-depth case studies of the medical technologies sector, in which such scale shifts have been particularly pronounced. Our findings from empirical material collected in Scania/Sweden and Vienna/Austria illustrate the ways in which changes in national and supra-national regulatory frameworks have had a profound impact on the innovation activities of individual firms and the way to develop and launch new products, and subsequently on the regions in which they cluster. Such scale-shifts have on the one hand limited the potential for regional policy to shape the cluster's path through support for supply-side factors. Yet some critical assets remain local but are increasingly difficult to access. By addressing such barriers to access, regional policy can still strongly affect the opportunities for innovation. Furthermore, in an increasingly open industry system, we see an expanded role for regional policy in supporting firms to access critical assets and sources of innovation found external to the region.

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8

Marini, Marcos Junior. "Arranjos produtivos locais e desenvolvimento sustentável regional: uma proposição metodológica de análise aplicada no APL de confecção do sudoeste do Paraná." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/891.

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A sociedade mundial está vivenciando transformações desencadeadas principalmente a partir de meados do século XX, incluindo as esferas econômica, social, ambiental, cultural, espacial, política e institucional. Na literatura são apontados fatores como a globalização, os avanços tecnológicos e a reestruturação dos sistemas produtivos, como principais responsáveis por essas mudanças. Neste contexto, observa-se uma orientação do processo de desenvolvimento a partir das questões territoriais, como ocorre na articulação dos agentes locais para a formação dos clusters ou arranjos produtivos locais. Logo, APLs encontram-se no centro do debate contemporâneo sobre planejamento regional e políticas públicas de desenvolvimento regional. Diante do exposto, o objetivo geral desta tese é construir uma proposição metodológica para analisar a contribuição do arranjo produtivo local para o processo de desenvolvimento sustentável regional. Assim, inicialmente é apresentada uma proposta de configuração de matriz para este cenário, incluindo os principais componentes do APL e suas relações com as dimensões territoriais. Na sequencia, é construída a proposição metodológica de análise, com a sua aplicação em quatro etapas: seleção do APL, mensuração da eficiência coletiva (IEC), mensuração do impacto territorial (IIT), e a integração destes resultados em um painel denominado APL-DSR. Com relação aos aspectos metodológicos, a pesquisa está classificada como explicativa, com a aplicação do método de estudo de caso. A coleta de dados baseou-se em fontes primárias e secundárias, incluindo pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e pesquisa de campo. O estudo de caso foi realizado no APL de Confecção do Sudoeste do Paraná, com a pesquisa de campo envolvendo os agentes locais deste arranjo produtivo, a partir de entrevistas estruturadas. Os resultados da coleta de dados foram analisados e interpretados em uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, seguindo três encaminhamentos: análise qualitativa das respostas da pesquisa de campo, análise baseada na proposta metodológica APL-DSR, análise temporal baseada em simulações. Como principais resultados ressalta-se que o APL de Confecção do Sudoeste do Paraná alcançou uma boa avaliação na mensuração da eficiência coletiva, atingindo dois terços da escala IEC. Porém, apesar de positivo, o impacto territorial na região analisada foi discreto, atingindo um terço da faixa positiva normalizada da escala IIT. Para finalizar, evidencia-se a contribuição desta tese, a partir da construção da proposta metodológica de análise para avaliar a relação do APL no contexto do desenvolvimento sustentável regional, o que poderá auxiliar tanto na tomada de decisão para as políticas públicas, bem como no processo de autoavaliação do APL.
The world society is experiencing transformations triggered mainly from mid-twentieth century, including the economic, social, environmental, cultural, spatial, political and institutional. The literature pointed to factors such as globalization, technological advances and the restructuring of production systems as the main responsible for these changes. In this context, there is an orientation of the development process from territorial issues, as occurs in the articulation of local agents for the formation of clusters. Thus, clusters are at the center of contemporary debate on regional planning and regional development policies. Given the above, the general objective of this thesis is to build a methodological proposition to analyze the contribution of clusters to the process of regional sustainable development. Thus, is initially presented a framework configuration for this scenario, including the main components of cluster and its relations with the territorial dimensions. In sequence, is built a methodology of analysis with its application in four steps: selection of cluster, measurement of collective efficiency (IEC), measurement of regional impact (IIT), and the integration of these results on a panel called APL-DSR. Considering the methodological aspects, the research is classified as explanatory, with the method of case study. The data collection procedure was based on primary and secondary sources, including literature, documentary and field research. The case study was conducted at Clothing Cluster in Southwest of Paraná, with field research involving local actors of this productive arrangement, from the application of structured interviews. The results of the data collection were analyzed and interpreted in a quantitative and qualitative approach, following three referrals: a qualitative analysis of the responses of field research, analysis based on methodological proposal APL-DSR, temporal analysis based on simulations. The main results emphasizes that the Clothing Cluster in Southwest of Paraná achieved a good rating in the measurement of collective efficiency, reaching two thirds of the scale IEC. However, although positive, the territorial impact in the region analyzed was low, reaching a third of the positive range of the scale normalized IIT. Finally, highlights the contribution of this thesis, from the construction of the proposed methodology of analysis to assess the relation of cluster in the context of sustainable regional development, which could help both in decision making for public policy, as well as in the process of self-evaluation of cluster.
5000

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9

Anz, Michael. "Entstehung von Clustern unter Berücksichtigung der Effekte regionalisierter Innovationspolitik." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-33395.

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Während man sich bislang auf die Gründe für die Entwicklung existierender Cluster konzentrierte, steigt das Interesse an den Prozessen, welche deren Entstehung bewirken. Diese unterscheiden sich jedoch von jenen zusammenhängen, welche ein reifes und dynamisches Cluster kennzeichnen (Bresnahan, Gambardella 2004, S. 842; Henn 2006b). Einige Beispiele haben gezeigt, dass Politik durchaus eine Rolle in der Entwicklung von Clustern spielen kann (z. B. Feldmann et al. 2005, S. 131; Dohse 2000b). Es herrscht jedoch Konsens, dass eine direkte Steuerung und Initiierung von Clustern „wishful thinking“ bleiben muss (Enright 2003, S. 104; Rosenfeld et al. 2006). Indes zeigen sich unternehmerische Akteure im Umfeld von Forschungseinrichtungen bevorteilt, wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse in neuen Technologiefeldern zu verwerten. In jüngerer Zeit werden deshalb regionalisierte Innovationspolitiken implementiert, welche diesen Prozess unterstützen sollen. Über die Wirkungsweise und die Effekte einer solchen räumlich fokussierten Politik herrscht bislang jedoch noch Unklarheit (Raines 2002b, S. 8; Fromhold-Eisebith, Eisebith 2005, S. 1251; Kiese 03.10.2007). Diese Fragestellungen aufgreifend werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit anhand der Fallbeispiele Dresden und Leipzig die Prozesse der Clusterentstehung im Technologiebereich der Biotechnologie vor dem Hintergrund der Post-Transformationsphase Ostdeutschlands analysiert. Zudem wird die umfangreiche, regionalisierte Innovationspolitik des Freistaates Sachsen hinsichtlich ihres Beitrages bei der Clusterentstehung untersucht. Mit diesem Untersuchungsansatz wird ein Beitrag zur noch jungen Diskussion der Clusterentstehung geleistet sowie Einblick in die Wirkungsmöglichkeiten regionalisierter Innovationspolitik gegeben. Auf der Grundlage der theoretischen Diskussion zu Clustern und regionalisierter Innovationspolitik wird ein Untersuchungsmodell abgeleitet, welches sich an den multidimensionalen Analyserahmen Bathelts anlehnt (Bathelt 2002) und um die von Henn diskutierten Entstehungsdimensionen Ansiedlung, Lernen und Gründung erweitert (Henn 2006b). Schwerpunkt der empirischen Analyse ist ein Mix aus leitfadengestützten Interviews und quantitativer Analyse sozialer Netzwerke. Bei der Analyse zeigt sich, dass „klassische“ Erklärungsmuster zur Clusterentstehung teilweise auf Prozesse hinweisen, die sich so nicht feststellen lassen. Als wesentlich erweisen sich vor allem Gründungs- und Ansiedlungsprozesse. Zu ihrer Erklärung kann jedoch kaum auf einfache Standortfaktoren zurückgegriffen werden, vielmehr müssen Forschernetzwerke zur Erklärung herangezogen werden. Bei der Analyse der Effekte der regionalisierten Innovationspolitik zeigt sich, dass die Wirksamkeit maßgeblich von der Gestaltbarkeit und Anpassung der Politik an sich ändernde Governancebedingungen abhängt. Dies betrifft sowohl das regionale technologische Umfeld als auch die Region im Allgemeinen. Daneben 243 ist die Unterstützung der Erzeugung materieller Vorraussetzungen u. a. für den Erfolg von Ausgründungen, Ansiedlungen sowie von unternehmerischen Lernprozessen relevant. Diese müssen jedoch in flexible Strukturen eingebettet werden, die es zu entwickeln gilt. Dafür werden am Ende der Arbeit Handlungsempfehlungen aufgezeigt
While focussing on the development of existing clusters there is a growing interest in those processes which lead to the emergence of clusters. Those differ from these ones which are typical for a ripe cluster (Bresnahan, Gambardella 2004, p. 842; Henn 2006). Several cases show that policy has an impact on the development of a cluster (z.B. Feldmann et al. 2005, p. 131; Dohse 2000). Though there is a consensus that wishing to stear or initiate a cluster is „wishful thinking“ (Enright 2003, p. 104; Rosenfeld et al. 2006). Entrepreneurs in the surrounding of research institutions are in an advantage commercialising knowledge in new technology fields. This is why regionalised innovation policies are implemented recently, which aim to support this process. The effects and mechanisms of such a spatially focused policy have yet to be clarified (Raines 2002, p. 8; Fromhold-Eisebith, Eisebith 2005, p. 1251; Kiese 3. Oktober 2007). Taking up this question in this thesis the process of emerging clusers is analysed in the field of biotechnology for the cases of Dresden and Leipzig under conditions of post-transformation in Eastern Germany. Further the influence of the complex, regionalised innovation policy of the Free State of Saxony is studied concerning the emgergence of clusters. The aim is to contribute to the discussion on emerging clusters as well as to point out the impact regionalised innovation policy can have. A research model is deduced from theoretical discussion on clusters and regionalised innovation policy. It refers to the multidimensional model of Bathelt (Bathelt 2002) and the relevant dimensions for the emergence process, settlements, learning and founding (Henn 2006). To implement this model among others a mix of semi-structured interviews and social network analysis is used. The analysis shows that “classical” explanations for emerging clusters can not be verified. Founding and settling processes of enterprises seem to be most important. A simple location factor based explanation does not give satisfying answers. Explanations have to take researcher-entrepreneurial networks into account. The analysis shows that the impact of regionalised innovation policy depends on a continual development and evolution of policy in accordance with a changing governance structure in the regional technological surrounding as in the overall region. Monetary support proves to be favourably for spin offs and settlements as well as for entrepreneurial learning processes. Those have to be embedded in flexible and developing governance structures

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10

Exner, Jan-Philipp, and Ergin Yücel. "Structural change in European border zone agglomerations : A comparative analysis between Copenhagen and Saarbrücken." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2156.

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In this study we made an investigation on the transformation of economic structure of two border city regions, Saarbrücken and Copenhagen. The motivation for a comparative analysis is that they have similar industrial background. Both city regions were dynamic in the first half of the 20th century however in the second half they slowed down and gradually lost some of their industrial base. This decline of industry also brought some transformation of the economic structure. To some extent they followed similar trends such as decline of industry and rise of service sector. However there are differences as well, like the diversification of economy, dependence on industry, potential for attracting the creative class and so on. Another reason for comparison is that they are both border regions and have a potential to integrate with the other side of the border. Saarbrücken has increased its interaction with the French region Lorraine and the opening of the High Speed Railway East to Paris is likely to contribute to this interaction and may lead to integration. Copenhagen, too, has been increasing its interaction with Malmo and Lund on the Swedish side. Especially after the opening of the Öresund Bridge in 2000 this interaction even got accelerated and seems to evolve towards integration. We have discussed this cross-border interaction and tried to identify to what extend these regions integrated with the other side of the border. Furthermore we tried to reveal the similarities and the differences in this integration processes in both border regions. As theoretical approach we have chosen Kondratieff Wave Theory, Porter’s Cluster Theory and Florida’s Creative Class Theory as these theories seem to explain the developments in the two regions quite well. The Wave theory makes up the theoretical framework as it reflects a global shift in the western economies especially in the old industrial zones. The two other theories points out to more specific developments in two regions such as emergence of high tech sectors as a result of creative class. Our overall conclusion is that the two regions have similarities in their transformation but also differences. Every region has its own transformation story as some local elements are involved in the process. It is not possible to have identical developments; however regions can induce similar development with the more dynamic regions in case they create similar conditions for new sectors. And it is increasingly easier to do so as the globalisation makes the production factors more mobile.
Jan-Philipp Exner Hauptstrasse 84 66127 Saarbrücken-Klarenthal Fon: +49 6898 32459 Mail: jan-exner@web.de -------------------------------------- ERGIN YUCEL +46735623450 www.eyucel.com

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11

Olsson, Fredrik. "Järnhanteringens dynamik : Produktion, lokalisering och agglomerationer i Bergslagen." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ekonomisk historia, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1133.

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Abstract This thesis explores early modern industrial dynamics and especially the long-term performance of iron production and its localisation in Central Sweden during the period 1368-1910. Iron production, iron export and localisation in a national perspective as well as the regional industrial development in Central Sweden during the period 1805-1910 are studied. The production and localisation changes of the industry in the early modern period were investigated by processing easily available but scattered data. The study of the iron industry in the period 1805-1910 was based census data on employment structure in the Central Swedish parishes in four benchmark years, 1805, 1855, 1890 and 1910 and was carried out with the help of statistical cluster analysis. The first important result is that the Swedish iron export increased rapidly in the 16th the 17th centuries. This had to do with the breakthrough of bar iron which soon replaced the old form of iron called osmund iron. The export continued to increase up to the 1740s. From the 1740s there was stagnation till the 1820s when an expansion commenced and in the rest of the period under study the export grew fourfold. The distribution of iron production showed variations as to geographical patterns over time and there were rather distinct chronological phases as well. An expansion of established ironworks and tilthammers commenced in the end of the 16th century and reached its highest annual average in the 1630s. The localisation of new establishments in the 16th and early 17th centuries was mainly concentrated to the interior of Central Sweden. The localisation became more and more scattered over the country in the early modern period. Thus, the tendency towards diffusion outside the administrative Bergslagen became more and more obvious in the 18th century with new ironworks and tilthammers in Northern and Southern Sweden. In the late 19th century the number of industrial parishes had increased and so had the share of employed in manufacturing industry. Furthermore, the industrial parishes were concentrated to a large cluster which covered the inner parts of Central Sweden. However, the analysis of industrial branches also showed a diversification where the wood, paper and pulp industries and above all the metal industries were fast growers. The metal industries also proved a geographical closeness to the traditional iron and steel industry The second main outcome of the investigation has to do with the continuity concerning the localisation of the iron industry. The historical continuity and the confinement to a certain area are evident from the analyses of various localisation factors in which a number of logit-models were employed. The status of a parish as industrial at one time point was to a great extent decisive for its status as industrial at a later date. The existence of iron ore mining in the parish and if the parish was situated inside the institutional region of Bergslagen also enhanced the probability for it to be defined as an industrial community also long after the institutional regulation had been abolished in the 1850s. In a long-term perspective, the analysis revealed that there was a marked continuity between the early modern patterns of localisation of the iron industry and the localisation of the engineering industrial firms in the 20th century. However, the early modern localisation did not show a significant connection with the industrial parishes’ localisation in 1855, 1890 and 1910, which means that the results are not unambiguous. The third main result of the study is that geographical vicinity of communities to others with industrial activities contributes to industrial growth. In this way industrial communities tend to concentrate geographically and thereby to form clusters. For 1855 this was not significant but for 1890 it was evident. For 1910 it was shown that if a parish had more than one neighbouring industrial community, the probability of its being industrial was great. In a long-term perspective it seems that agglomerations of industrial activities form an environment which can cope with episodes of increasing transformation pressure in a better way than isolated units. Geographical concentrations which, historically seen, are characterised by “industry in the air” have a high propensity to adapt to changes in the industrial environment.

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12

Barros, Rodrigo de. "Proposta de uma ferramenta para análise da competitividade de destinos turísticos pela abordagem de redes de empresas." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1470.

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de uma Ferramenta para Mensuração da Competitividade em Produtos Turísticos pela abordagem de redes de empresas. Para esta finalidade fez-se uso de revisão bibliográfica geral sobre as características diversas do setor de Turismo, Clusters, redes de empresas, cooperação e competitividade. A partir desta revisão, desenvolveu-se a construção de um novo referencial o qual foi construído por meio de análise bibliométrica com a utilização de palavras-chave alinhadas e delimitadas à temática da pesquisa, visando um banco de dados que fornecesse os subsídios científicos necessários ao desenvolvimento da Ferramenta. Este novo banco de dados foi gerado a partir de artigos publicados somente entre os anos de 2002 e 2012 que constavam no Portal Periódico Capes com acesso via Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Estas publicações embasaram, portanto, a construção do modelo aqui apresentado, o qual é composto por onze dimensões, cinquenta e cinco fatores críticos, cento e cinquenta e cinco variáveis, seiscentas e cinco premissas e quinhentos e dezeito indicadores. Para cada indicador atribui-se uma escala de zero a um, sendo que a média calculada entre todos os indicadores resultaria no desempenho da competitividade referente a cada uma das onze dimensões. Desta forma, a média calculada das onze dimensões resulta no chamado Índice Macro de Competitividade para o Turismo. Estas características estruturais da ferramenta permitiram que a mesma se caracterizasse como abrangente e direcionada especificamente para Produtos Turísticos originados da regionalização e cooperação. Ou seja, a Ferramenta possui dimensões interdependentes para análise da competitividade macro do Destino em questão, ao mesmo tempo que as dimensões são dependentes para análises mais específicas, por exemplo. Por fim, destaca-se que embora o modelo apresentado seja estruturado a partir do cálculo da média dos indicadores e dimensões, entende-se que uma nova abordagem quantitativa para o modelo é possível, visando resultados ainda mais eficazes sobre a mensuração da competitividade.
This research aimed to develop a Model for Measuring Competitiveness in Tourism Products by approach of business networks. For this purpose it was used a literature review about characteristics of the tourism sector, clusters, business networks, cooperation and competitiveness. Thereafter, it was developed the construction of a new framework which was built through bibliometric analysis with the use of keywords aligned and delimited to the topic of research, aiming a database that provides the necessary scientific equipment to the model development. This new database was generated from only articles published between the years 2002 and 2012 which appeared in “Periódicos Capes” with access at Federal Technological University of Paraná. These publications are based for building the model presented here, which consists of eleven dimensions, fifty-nine critical factors, one hundred fifty-five variables, sixty hundred and five assumptions and five hundred eighteen indicators. For each indicator is assigned a scale from zero to one, and the averaged across all performance indicators in the result of competition for each of the eleven dimensions. Thus, the averaged results in eleven dimensions called Tourism Macro Competitiveness Index. These structural features of the tool allowed the same be characterized as comprehensive and targeted specifically for tourism products originated regionalization and cooperation. That is, the tool has interdependent dimensions for analysis of competitive macro destination in question, while the dimensions are dependent for more specific analysis, for example. Finally, it is noteworthy that although the model is structured by calculating the average of the indicators and dimensions, it is understood that a new quantitative approach to the model is possible, seeking even more effective results on the measurement of competitiveness.

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13

Tödtling, Franz, Michaela Trippl, and Lukas Lengauer. "Towards regional knowledge economics. Routes and policy options." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/266/1/document.pdf.

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In recent years a move towards knowledge economies has been observed in many advanced countries. Knowledge based sectors and related activities have been expanding rapidly. However, the preconditions for developing such activities differ strongly between types of regions, depending on their location conditions, firm structure and institutional fabric. The regional innovation systems (RIS) approach captures such different settings in a useful way, allowing us to distinguish e.g. between well endowed and networked, fragmented and thin RIS. Using this approach we will study which conditions, potentials and barriers exist in different types of RIS for developing knowledge based industries and activities, and which routes and policy options might be adequate in different regional settings. We investigate these questions at first conceptually, drawing on the literature on RIS, and location and clustering of knowledge based sectors. Empirically we will present evidence on three regions in Austria (Vienna, Upper Austria and Salzburg) representing different types of RIS. Based on the conceptual findings we will compare these regions regarding their RIS characteristics, their preconditions for and strengths of knowledge based sectors focussing in particular on the ICT sector. Furthermore we will analyse routes and policy options for developing knowledge based sectors for such different types of regions. (author´s abstract)
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

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14

Fourie, Colin Ralph. "Collaborative regional organisational networks : cultivating regional knowledge diffusion to become globally competitive." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97096.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis takes as its focus collaborative regional organisational networks. It is argued that in knowledge intensive sectors, such collaboration clusters are an important factor for being competitive in a global economy. To substantiate this claim, both a regional case study of the KwaZulu-Natal Information and Communications and Electronics Technology (ICTE) cluster forum is undertaken and a single firm case of MicroVision Software, a member of the cluster forum. The introductory chapter provides background about the global extent of collaborative activity especially in the high technology and knowledge-intensive sectors. Chapter 2 examines how regions across the world have developed strategies to grow and maintain their economic strengths in the knowledge economy. This is primarily described through two reference cases studies. The case of the Humberside Training and Enterprise Council (TEC) conducted by Fryer, comprising around 70 organisations, is an example of how the principles of complexity theory can be implemented to yield a network model based on autonomy, connectivity, feedback, community and leadership. This case provides a reference model for how to provide an enabling environment for collaborative knowledge networks. The flat panel display (FPD) research done by Spencer demonstrates the effectiveness of successful regional strategies for convergent, knowledge-diffusion networks. Spencer’s work shows that whilst most FPD technologies were initially invented in US laboratories in the 1960s, all portable computers produced after 1989 contained Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screens that were primarily manufactured in Asia. Spencer found that regions were most competitive when the regional knowledge-diffusion networks are at their highest density levels and when guided by a strategic centre. Chapter 3 turns to the macro case study of the KZN ICTE Cluster Forum. The forum was established to address factors identified in a study commissioned by the KZN DEDT, which found that whilst the electronics sector in KZN has many innovative firms and skilful graduates, knowledge diffusion networks are virtually non-existent. The case study shows how this forum tried to encourage collaboration, but failed to accomplish most of its goals. Chapter 4 provides a micro case study of a particular organisation, MicroVision Software, that participated in the KZN ICTE Cluster Forum. The case takes the form of participatory or action research, because it is about the author's own journey as an entrepreneur. The case study shows the critical role that network ties and networked organisation played in the projects undertaken. It is shown how the organisation underwent many phases of re-invention as a result of changes in the ICT environment. It is argued that the various education management systems developed, which involve large systems integration challenges, can only succeed if a clustered organisation is developed around it. The concluding chapter considered how the ICTE Cluster Forum could be re-invigorated, given the lessons from the reference case studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis fokus op organisatoriese streeksamewerkingsnetwerke. Hierin word daar argumenteer dat in kennis intensiewe sektore in die globale ekonomie sulke samewerkingsnetwerke ‘n sentrale kompeterende faktor is. Om hierdie stelling te bevestig word twee gevallestudies ondersoek, naamlik die KwaZulu-Natal Information and Communications and Electronics Technology (ICTE) groepsforum en ‘n enkele firma, MicroVision Software, wat ‘n lid is van hierdie forum. Die inleidende hoofstuk skets die agtergrond van die globale omvang van samewerkingsnetwerke met die klem op die hoë tegnologie- en kennis- intensiewe sektore. Hoofstuk 2 ondersoek hoe streke wêreldwyd strategieë ontwikkel het om hulle ekonomieë te groei en hulle ekonomiese voordeel te handhaaf in die kennis- ekonomie. Dit word hoofsaaklik beskryf met die hulp van twee gevallestudies wat as verwysingspunt dien vir die latere gevallestudies wat uitgevoer is. Die geval van Humberside Training and Enterprise Council (TEC), ‘n ondersoek van ongeveer 70 organisasies deur Fryer, is ‘n voorbeeld van hoe die beginsels van kompleksiteitsteorie geimplimenteer kan word om ‘n netwerkmodel te vestig wat geskoei is op outonomie, konneksies, terugvoerlusse, en leierskap. Die geval bied ‘n verwysingsraamwerk vir die skep van ‘n vrugbare omgewing vir samewerkende kennisnetwerke. Die platpaneelskerm (Flat Panel Display) industrie navorsing deur Spencer demonsteer die effektiwiteit van suksesvolle streekstrategieë vir uiteenlopende, kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke. Spencer se werk illustreer dat alhoewel die meeste platpaneelskerm-navorsing aanvanklik in Amerikaanse laboratoria plaasgevind het, alle skootrekenaars wat na 1989 vervaardig is, vloeikristalskerms (LCD) wat van Asië afkomstig was bevat het. Spencer het bevind dat areas hoogs kompeterend was wanneer kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke op sy hoogste digtheidsvlakke was en deur ‘n strategiese sentrum bestuur is. Hoofstuk 3 fokus op die makro gevallestudie van die KZN ICTE groepsforum. Die forum is gestig om kwessies wat geїdentifiseer is in ‘n studie aangevra deur die KZN DEDT aan te spreek. Dié studie het bevind dat alhoewel die elektronika sektor in KZN bestaan uit baie innoverende firmas en bedien is deur bekwame graduandi, het kennisgebaseerde verspreidingsnetwerke feitlik nie bestaan nie. Die studie toon hoe hierdie forum samewerking aangemoedig het, maar tog gefaal het in die meeste van sy doelwitte. Hoofstuk 4 bied ‘n mikro gevallestudie van ‘n spesifieke maatskappy, Microvision Software, wat deel was van die KZN ICTE groepsforum. Dit handel oor die outeur se eie wedervaringe as ‘n entrepreneur en is dus aksie navorsing. Dié gevallestudie belig die kritiese rol wat netwerke gespeel het in die sukses van die projekte wat die maatskappy onderneem het. Dit wys hoe die maatskappy verskillende fases van herontdekking en herposisionering as gevolg van voortdurende verandering in die inligtingstegnologie-landskap ondergaan het. Daar word geargumenteer dat die verskeie opvoedkundige bestuurstelsels ,wat grootskaalse integrasieuitdagings bied, slegs suksesvol kan wees wanneer daar ‘n samewerkingsnetwerk daar rondom gevestig word. Die finale hoofstuk oorweeg die moontlikhede van herlewing en bemagtiging van die ICTE groepsforum.

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Mattsson, Henrik. "Locating Biotech Innovation : Places, Flows and Unruly Processes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Social and Economic Geography, [Kulturgeografiska institutionen], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7827.

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16

Sobrinho, Ednaldo Moreno Góis. "A localização e o grau inovativo das aglomerações industriais relevantes do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-23012015-172430/.

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A concentração espacial da indústria no Brasil é histórica e o tema de muitos debates, sendo mais uma das persistentes desigualdades brasileiras. O Sudeste e o Sul concentram a maior parte da produção industrial, um cenário que começou a se modificar somente a partir do fim da década de 60 e início da de 70, porém lentamente. Essas aglomerações industriais não são um evento único do Brasil, ocorrendo em vários outros países, levando os economistas a estudarem o porquê das firmas procurarem se localizar geograficamente próximas, mesmo hoje em dia com a evolução dos transportes e das telecomunicações. Assim, entre outras explicações, existem as chamadas economias de aglomeração, que trazem vantagens para as firmas aglomeradas, sendo então uma força centrípeta no processo de organização territorial. Entre essas forças, uma que vem se tornando cada vez mais importante é o transbordamento de conhecimento, que pode ser responsável pelo crescimento das aglomerações mais recentes e pela transformação de algumas antigas. A importância da inovação para o crescimento econômico vem aumentando, conforme os países vão crescendo e diante dos novos paradigmas tecnológicos, como as chamadas economias do conhecimento, que englobam os setores de alta tecnologia como computação, biotecnologia, meios de comunicação, entre outros. Assim, torna-se importante também verificar o grau inovativo das aglomerações, já que o crescimento do Brasil deve ser cada vez mais impulsionado pela inovação tecnológica, como um meio de desenvolvimento mais sustentado e eficaz. Uma forma de medir esse grau inovativo é através das habilidades, perícias, conhecimentos e outras características do mercado de trabalho das aglomerações, analisando se há uma capacidade inovativa incorporada nas características do mercado de trabalho, considerando ainda o nível tecnológico dos setores e as ocupações diretamente associadas à Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D). Atualmente, a intensidade da concentração no Brasil ainda é grande, e os resultados do presente trabalho revelaram a existência de 17 aglomerações industriais relevantes (AIR) em 2010, sendo que 11 encontraram-se no Sul e Sudeste e concentraram aproximadamente 59% da produção industrial. O resultado central de que ainda há uma enorme concentração territorial da indústria não se altera significativamente ao se considerar outras especificações além do modelo padrão, que foi utilizado para identificar as AIRs. Em compensação, há evidências de que o processo de desconcentração industrial continuou no período de 2000-2010, no entanto ainda sem conseguir alterar significativamente o quadro geral. Além disso, aparentemente a desconcentração intra-regional foi mais intensa que a inter-regional, porém ocorrendo mais no Sul e Sudeste. Os resultados do grau inovativo revelam que o Sul e Sudeste ainda são as regiões mais inovativas, seguidas pelo Nordeste, Centro-Oeste e Norte. Eles também colaboram para a evidência de que o Sul e Sudeste estão conseguindo disseminar a sua infraestrutura e capacidade inovativa para novos polos dinâmicos. As AIRs de Curitiba, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Caxias do Sul e Belo Horizonte foram as mais inovativas em 2012. Identificaram-se 19 clusters de inovação nesse ano, sendo a maioria do Sul e Sudeste e nenhum do Norte. Em relação à evolução do grau inovativo, destacou-se a região do Rio de Janeiro e de Curitiba-Joinville, enquanto São Paulo permaneceu estável no período de 2003 a 2012. Fora do Sul e Sudeste, destacaram-se as regiões metropolitanas de Recife e Salvador, mesmo que essa última tenha perdido espaço no período analisado.
The spatial concentration of industry in Brazil is historic, and the subject of many debates, being one of the most persistent inequalities in Brazil. The Southeast and Southern regions concentrate most of the industrial production, a scenario that began to change only after the end of the 60s and early 70s, but slowly. These industrial clusters are not a single event in Brazil, occurring in several other countries, leading economists to study why firms seek to locate geographically close, even today with the development of transport and telecommunications. Thus, among other explanations, there are so-called agglomeration economies, which bring benefits to clustered firms, then being a centripetal force in the territorial organization process. Among these forces, one that is becoming increasingly important is the spillover of knowledge, which may be responsible for the growth of recent agglomerations and the transformation of some old ones. The importance of innovation to economic growth is increasing as countries evolve and face the new technological paradigms, such as the so-called knowledge economies, which include the high-tech sectors like computing, biotechnology, media, among others. Thus, it becomes important to also check out the innovative degree of the agglomerations, since Brazil\'s growth must be increasingly driven by technological innovation as a means to more sustainable and effective development. One way to measure this innovative degree is through the skills, expertise, knowledge and other characteristics of the agglomeration\'s labor market, analyzing whether there is a built-in innovative capacity in the labor market, also considering the technological level of the sectors and the occupations directly associated with Research and Development (R&D). Currently, the intensity of concentration in Brazil is still great, and the results of this study revealed the existence of 17 relevant industrial agglomerations (AIR) in 2010, of which 11 met in the South and Southeast regions and concentrated approximately 59% of industrial production. The central result that there is still a huge territorial industry concentration does not change significantly when considering other specifications beyond the standard model, which was used to identify the AIRs. In contrast, there is evidence that the process of industrial decentralization continued in the period 2000-2010, however still unable to significantly alter the overall picture. Also, apparently the intra-regional decentralization was more intense than the inter-regional, but occurring more in the South and Southeast regions. The results of the innovative degree reveal that South and Southeast regions are still the most innovative, followed by Northeast, Midwest and North regions. They also collaborate to evidence that the South and Southeast regions are managing to spread its infrastructure and innovative capacity for new dynamic centralities. The AIRs of Curitiba, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Caxias do Sul and Belo Horizonte were the most innovative in 2012. It was identified 19 clusters of innovation this year, most in the South and Southeast regions and none in the North region. Regarding the evolution of innovative degree, was distinguished the regions of Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba-Joinville, while São Paulo remained stable from 2003 to 2012. Out of the South and Southeast regions, the highlights were the metropolitan regions of Recife and Salvador, even though the latter has lost ground in the period analyzed.

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Telles, Luciana Oliveira. "Clusters e a indústria ligada à área da saúde em Ribeirão Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-10122002-104359/.

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O trabalho analisa a indústria de equipamentos médicos, hospitalares e odontológicos em Ribeirão Preto usando a literatura dos clusters como referencial teórico. O levantamento do perfil das empresas locais do setor e do arranjo produtivo local foi realizado através de pesquisa de campo com as empresas locais e com os laboratórios das faculdades pertencentes à Universidade de São Paulo. Com isto, espera-se conhecer melhor o que são as empresas deste setor no município e espera-se poder delinear as possibilidades do desenvolvimento de um cluster na área de equipamentos médicos, hospitalares e odontológicos entre as empresas do município como um meio de alavancar o crescimento das empresas e dinamizar a economia local, aproveitando-se da produção local e do aparato institucional existentes.
This work analyses the industry of medical equipments in the city of Ribeirão Preto using clusters literature as theoretical reference. The studies of the characteristics of the local firms and its local arrangements were realized by a research with these firms and with the laboratories of the University of São Paulo. We expect to contribute to the knowledge of this industrial sector in this city and also to contribute to draw the possibilities of development of a medical equipment cluster as a mean to boost the local industry and the local economy, taking advantage of the existing production and the institutional apparatus.

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Teixeira, Eduardo Künzel. "Aglomerações produtivas locais e desenvolvimento econômico regional." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/2635.

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Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000426246-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 646109 bytes, checksum: 80c77cc691385f1561a984774ffdd50b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
This work was developed in order to deepen the knowledge of economic agglomerations, basing the study on three types of research. The first defines the bases and foundations involved in the cluster concept, highlighting the main features of these agglomerations. Second, there is an exhibition of works related with two forms usually found in economic literature: works with an quantitative nature and works with an qualitative nature. Finally, it´s applied on the microregions of Rio Grande do Sul the methodology of identifying clusters developed by Crocco (2003a) comparing it with other quantitative methods of identification. In conclusion, the methodology of identifying clusters shows to be appropriate to describe the local reality, and given the particularities of the Brazilian reality, future studies should be conducted mainly in the identification of emerging clusters, studies emphasizing social relations, and the creation of institutions and agents of support for clusters.
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no intuito de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre aglomerações econômicas, fundamentando o estudo em três formas de pesquisa. Primeiro delimita-se as bases e fundamentos envolvidos no conceito de cluster, evidenciando às características fundamentais destas aglomerações. Segundo, a exposição de trabalhos relacionados as duas formas usualmente encontradas na literatura econômica: trabalhos de cunho quantitativo e trabalhos de cunho qualitativo. Por fim, é aplicada sobre as microrregiões do Rio Grande do Sul a metodologia de identificação de clusters desenvolvida por Crocco (2003a), comparando-a com outros métodos quantitativos de identificação. Como conclusão, a metodologia de identificação de clusters se mostra adequada em descrever a realidade local, e dadas as particularidades da realidade brasileira, futuros estudos devem ser desenvolvidos principalmente na identificação dos clusters nascentes, nos estudos enfatizando as relações sociais, e na criação de instituições e agentes de apoio aos clusters.

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Silva, Jorge Antonio Santos. ""Turismo, crescimento e desenvolvimento: uma análise urbano-regional baseada em cluster"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27148/tde-02122005-231931/.

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Esta tese teve como objeto a análise da condição do turismo, enquanto atividade econômica, de promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento regional, e sob que modelo teórico-metodológico, estrutura e configuração. Um objetivo diretamente vinculado ao objeto da tese consistiu na análise da coerência e propriedade da aplicação do conceito de cluster, formulado por Michael Porter, bem como o de cadeia produtiva, à atividade do turismo, conformando um cluster turístico. Em paralelo buscou examinar a condição de uma configuração de cluster de turismo poder ser considerada como um modelo de desenvolvimento regional. Secundariamente, mas com uma relação direta com o conceito de cadeia produtiva, foi focalizada a noção de fugas ou vazamentos da economia de uma região, decorrentes de pagamentos efetuados a fornecedores localizados fora da região pelo suprimento dos inputs necessários à estrutura produtiva da economia dessa região. Tais vazamentos provocam uma redução na magnitude da retenção local ou regional dos resultados econômicos propiciados pela atividade do turismo. A competitividade e sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento turístico, em base endógena, pressupõe a internalização da produção de tais inputs, através da criação de novas atividades produtivas e do fortalecimento das já existentes, visando eliminar pontos de estrangulamentos e implicando no adensamento dos encadeamentos setoriais, para frente e para trás, que integram a estrutura produtiva da economia da região. Para a elaboração desta tese foi efetuada uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, em fontes primárias e secundárias, e realizado um trabalho empírico junto à hotelaria de Salvador, capital do Estado da Bahia. Este levantamento visou avaliar a incidência de fugas no valor da contribuição do turismo para a economia de Salvador, a partir da rede hoteleira, bem como identificar variáveis influenciadoras e áreas por onde ocorrem os vazamentos, ficando evidenciado que as fugas se relacionam diretamente com problemas e dificuldades que os hotéis encontram com os fornecedores locais de bens e serviços, e também com o tamanho do estabelecimento e a propriedade do capital, se local ou de cadeias nacionais e internacionais. O estudo realizado permitiu concluir que para regiões deprimidas economicamente, o turismo pode atuar como atividade motora de cresciemnto econômico, mas sem condições de, isoladamente, promover o desenvolvimento regional. O modelo de cluster, na concepção de Michael Porter, de enfoque marcadamente empresarial e microeconômico, caracterizado pela presença de grandes indústrias, de dimensão nacional e com elevada amplitude espacial e alto nível de agregação, não se aplica apropriadamente ao turismo e não pode ser considerado como uma estratégia de desenvolvimento regional. O agrupamento que tem o turismo como atividade nuclear, com foco no destino turístico entendido como um microcluster e que apresente as características de delimitação da amplitude geográfica de seu entorno, delimitação da abrangência territorial do próprio agrupamento, delimitação do segmento turístico principal e dos seus sub-segmentos, bem como do próprio mercado alvo, pode ser qualificado como um cluster de turismo que reúne as condições de modelar estratégias e promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de micro-regiões ou zonas turísticas. Deste modo, o microcluster constitui o modelo viabilizador do alcance e sustentação do desenvolvimento regional, como resultado da interação entre a função de especialização o turismo, e o território o destino turístico e seu entorno próximo.
This thesis had as object the analysis of the condition of tourism, while economical activity, of promoting the growth and the regional development, and under that theoretical-methodological model, structure and configuration. An objective directly linked to the object of the thesis consisted in the analysis of the coherence and property of the application of the cluster concept, formulated by Michael Porter, as well as the one of productive chain, to the activity of tourism, conforming a tourist cluster. In parallel it looked for to examine the condition of a configuration of cluster of tourism to be considered as a model of regional development. Secondarily, but with a direct relationship with the concept of productive chain, it was focused the notion of escapes or leaks of the economy of an area, current of payments made to suppliers located out of the area by the supply of the necessary inputs to the productive structure of the economy of that area. Such leaks provoke a reduction in the magnitude of local or regional retention of the economical results propitiated by the activity of the tourism. The competitiveness and support of the tourist development, in endogenous base, presupposes to immerse the production of such inputs, through the creation of new productive activities and of the invigoration of the already existent, seeking to eliminate strangulation points and implicating in the aggregation of the sectorial linkages, forward and back, that integrate the productive structure of the economy of the region. For the elaboration of this thesis an extensive bibliographical revision was made, in primary and secondary sources, and accomplished an empiric work close to the hostelry of Salvador, capital of the State of Bahia. This experiment sought to evaluate the incidence of escapes in the value of the contribution of the tourism for the economy of Salvador, starting from the hotel net, as well as to identify variables that influence and areas through where happen the leaks, being evidenced that the escapes link directly with problems and difficulties that the hotels find with the local suppliers of goods and services, and also with the size of the establishment and the property of the capital, if place or of national and international chains. The accomplished study allowed to end that for areas economically depressed, the tourism can act as motive activity of economical growth, but without conditions of, separately, to promote the regional development. The cluster model, in Michael Porter's conception, of focus remarkably business and micro economic, characterized by the presence of great industries, of national dimension and with high space width and high aggregation level, it doesn't reply adequately to the tourism and it cannot be considered as a strategy of regional development. The grouping that has the tourism as nuclear activity, with focus in the destiny tourist expert as a micro cluster and that it presents the characteristics of delimitation of the geographical with of its spill, delimitation of the territorial inclusion of the own grouping, delimitation of the main tourist segment and of their sub-segments, as well as of the own target of market, it can be qualified as a cluster of tourism that gathers the conditions of to model strategies and to promote the growth and the development of micro regions or tourist zones. This way, the micro cluster constitutes the model that makes possible the reach and support of the regional development, as a result of the interaction among the specialization function - the tourism, and the territory - the tourist destiny and its spills close.

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Kaminski, Sandra. "Die regionale Clustermarke Konzept strategischer Markenführung /." Wiesbaden : Gabler Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden, 2009. http://sfx.metabib.ch:9003/sfx_locater?sid=ALEPH:DSV01&genre=book&isbn=978-3-8349-8252-0&id=doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-8252-0.

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Nuur, Cali. "Cluster Dynamics and Industrial Policy in Peripheral Regions : a study of cluster formation as a local development process." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Industrial Economics and Management, Royal Institute of Technology : Arbetslivsinstitutet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-475.

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MICELI, VALERIA. "Politiche per l'innovazione: i distretti tecnologici italiani e i loro contesti innovativi regionali." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/223.

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Questo lavoro ha lo scopo di valutare i distretti tecnologici italiani. A tal fine sono stati sinteticamente presentati nel primo capitolo alcuni concetti chiave della letteratura economica rilevanti ai fini di questo lavoro. Nel secondo capitolo è stata condotta un'analisi di tipo descrittivo relativamente a tutti i distretti tecnologici approvati dal MIUR alla data del novembre 2007. Nel terzo capitolo si passa ad un'analisi di tipo quantitativo che sulla base di dati provenienti da varie fonti misura: il livello di specializzazione delle varie regioni italiane relativamente all'area tecnologica prescelta per l'implementazione del distretto tecnologico; il livello di performance delle varie regioni relativamente ad una serie di indicatori di attività scientifico-tecnologiche; il livello dell'ambiente economico in termini di tasso di imprenditorialità e di disponibilità di finanziamenti di tipo venture capital. Nel quarto capitolo si procede alla creazione di quattro indicatori sintetici: uno di specializzazione tecnologica; uno di performance scientifico-tecnologica; uno economico-ambientale; l'ultimo riassuntivo dei precedenti. Nel capitolo quarto i dati degli indicatori ottenuti dall'analisi quantitativa vengono combinati con le informazioni riportate nel capitolo secondo utilizzando un'analisi di tipo dicotomico. La visione d'insieme che ne deriva diventa la base per alcune considerazioni di policy sull'implementazione di questo strumento di politica innovativa.
This work analyses a specific policy instrument namely the establishment of technological districts (TD) in Italy. After a selective literature review of the main theoretical concepts used in the research (chapter 1), the work provides a general overview of the Italian TDs approved by MIUR at November 2007 (chapter 2). In the third chapter the work provides a statistical analysis of the regional innovation contexts using a wide set of indicators measuring: levels of regional specialization in the sectors chosen for TDs implementation; science and technology performances; features of the economic environment (entrepreneurship and venture capital funds). In the fourth chapter it is presented a system of four synthetic indices providing information on: 1) regional specializations; 2) scientific-technological performances; 3) economic environment. The fourth synthetic index, being the combination of the previous three, reflects simultaneously all the three dimensions. The analysis of statistical data is complemented, in chapter 4, by an evaluation of the institutional features of the TDs based on the information gathered in chapter 2. This has allowed to bring together the outcomes of chapter 2 and of chapter 3 in order to formulate some policy conclusions.

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Speirs, Leland V. Jr. "The land of oz : a case study of rural cluster development in Wamego, Kansas." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1331.

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Figueiredo, Jeovan de Carvalho. "Clusters industriais e performance regional: contribuições à teoria da vantagem competitiva sustentável." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/4606.

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Este trabalho aborda o tema das aglomerações geográficas de organizações interconectadas, ou os assim chamados clusters empresariais. Sendo que a competitividade encontra seus fundamentos na ação das empresas, e estas podem não somente criar lucro econômico, mas também gerar benefícios para a sociedade local e o país, é necessário compreender melhor os efeitos decorrentes da aglomeração empresarial, para o conjunto de organizações que atuam conjuntamente na mesma região, e principalmente, para a sociedade local. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar quais são os efeitos dos clusters nos municípios onde se encontram estabelecidos. Para tanto, adotou-se uma estratégia de pesquisa de múltiplas etapas, envolvendo inicialmente uma pesquisa exploratória em um reconhecido cluster de tecnologia da informação e comunicação, cujos subsídios foram utilizados no refinamento de hipóteses testadas em uma pesquisa quantitativa, na qual foram analisadas 645 observações, correspondentes aos municípios do estado de São Paulo. Os resultados sugerem que os municípios que contam com clusters industriais são aqueles que apresentam desempenho superior, em termos de intensidade exportadora e agregação de valor. Estes municípios apresentam ainda níveis elevados de riqueza para os munícipes, e, nas cidades com clusters industriais, há também maior longevidade dos cidadãos. Mas não há qualquer evidência de que municípios com concentrações estão relacionados à maior escolaridade, um resultado contra-intuitivo, já que supostamente, a atividade industrial demanda gestores mais especializados, e mão-de-obra mais qualificada. Uma evidência interessante se refere aos problemas ambientais. O grupo de municípios com clusters apresentou mais problemas relacionados a alterações ambientais. Sendo qualquer teoria resultado de características histórico-culturais bastante específicas, seu poder explicativo pode diminuir à medida que novas demandas sociais adentram nos campos científicos. Como tal, uma necessária revisão do modelo de vantagem competitiva em clusters é sugerida neste trabalho, contemplando as questões da sustentabilidade, que se fazem presentes na economia e na sociedade contemporâneas.
This study provides evidence regarding the strategic dynamics of competitive clusters. It’s suggested that the competitiveness must be pursued not only by the increasing of economic profits, but it also must generate benefits for the local society and the country. This is necessary to understand better the whole effects of the clusters for the set of organizations who act jointly in the same region. This work aims to determine which are the effects of clusters in the region where they are established. A strategy of research of multiple stages was adopted, having involved initially an exploratory research, in a cluster of information and communication technology. The results had been used in the refinement of hypotheses for a quantitative research, in which 645 observations had been analyzed, correspondent to the cities of the state of São Paulo. The results suggest that the industrial clusters cities are those who present superior performance of exporting intensity and aggregation of value. These cities still present high levels of wealth for the townspeople, and the cities with industrial clusters, also have bigger longevity of the citizens. But any evidence of that cities with clusters are related to the biggest years of study was found. An interesting evidence is related to the environmental problems. The group of cities with clusters presented more related ambient alterations. Thus, a necessary revision of the model of competitive advantage in clusters is suggested in this work, contemplating the contemporary questions about environmental problems.

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Debiasi, Fernanda. "Modelo de identificação de mapeamento de clusters para elaboração de proposta de desenvolvimento reagional." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82187.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção
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Este trabalho desenvolveu um método de análise para identificação e mapeamento de clusters para ser aplicado nas regiões brasileiras, levando em consideração os dados disponíveis. O método de análise formulado é composto de cinco fases, sendo que duas delas são divididas em etapas: definição dos objetivos, identificação dos clusters da região (aplicação dos location quotients, definição dos possíveis clusters, validação com especialistas), mapeamento dos clusters (análise de dados secundário, focus group, entrevistas com representantes do cluster, mapa comentado do cluster), elaboração de propostas e aplicação das propostas.

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Teixeira, Eduardo K?nzel. "Aglomera??es produtivas locais e desenvolvimento econ?mico regional." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/3893.

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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no intuito de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre aglomera??es econ?micas, fundamentando o estudo em tr?s formas de pesquisa. Primeiro delimita-se as bases e fundamentos envolvidos no conceito de cluster, evidenciando ?s caracter?sticas fundamentais destas aglomera??es. Segundo, a exposi??o de trabalhos relacionados as duas formas usualmente encontradas na literatura econ?mica: trabalhos de cunho quantitativo e trabalhos de cunho qualitativo. Por fim, ? aplicada sobre as microrregi?es do Rio Grande do Sul a metodologia de identifica??o de clusters desenvolvida por Crocco (2003a), comparando-a com outros m?todos quantitativos de identifica??o. Como conclus?o, a metodologia de identifica??o de clusters se mostra adequada em descrever a realidade local, e dadas as particularidades da realidade brasileira, futuros estudos devem ser desenvolvidos principalmente na identifica??o dos clusters nascentes, nos estudos enfatizando as rela??es sociais, e na cria??o de institui??es e agentes de apoio aos clusters.

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dos, Santos Raquel Sofia Lino Ferreira. "Análise da viabilidade de um cluster da moda na área metropolitana do Porto." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/19037.

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Mestrado em Inovação e Políticas de Desenvolvimento
Esta dissertação tem por objectivo contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do papel dos territórios enquanto protagonistas fundamentais do desenvolvimento económico, pelo aproveitamento dos seus recursos e pelo planeamento das suas actividades. O presente trabalho assenta em quatro vertentes. Na primeira vertente, pretendeu-se reflectir sobre o contexto económico actual, reconhecendo a inovação como um requisito fundamental ao desenvolvimento regional, enfatizando o contributo da organização e do planeamento das actividades económicas, sociais e institucionais no desenvolvimento e crescimento das regiões, e reconhecendo o cluster como a configuração territorial com mais aptidão para incentivar processos de inovação. Reconhecendo a Moda como um sector de actividade emergente e com um forte potencial de desenvolvimento na Área Metropolitana do Porto, a segunda vertente procura esclarecer alguns conceitos e dinâmicas associados ao fenómeno da Moda, relevando a sua componente económica, que sustenta o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho. A terceira vertente procura relacionar as temáticas da Moda e do Território, pela definição conceptual de um cluster da Moda adaptado à realidade em estudo, e pela análise de dois exemplos de sucesso a nível europeu. Finalmente a quarta vertente, constitui a componente prática do trabalho, na qual se identifica e caracteriza as condições económicas, sociais e institucionais de viabilidade ao desenvolvimento de um cluster da Moda à escala regional do Porto. Com base nas quatro vertentes acima enunciadas, reconhece-se a oportunidade de afirmação da cidade do Porto e sua envolvência numa rede global de relações de fornecimento e produção de Moda, sobretudo pela existência de um tecido industrial e empresarial activo e consolidado, organizado em torno de áreas de mono-especialização sectorial. As conclusões do presente estudo apontam, contudo, para algum subaproveitamento e desorganização dos recursos internos, particularmente pela ausência de redes de cooperação e partilha de informação e conhecimento entre os agentes económicos, sociais e políticos envolvidos no processo de desenvolvimento regional. Consequentemente aponta-se como principal desafio de desenvolvimento, o aproveitamento sustentado da massa crítica existente e consolidada no território, e a colmatação das principais falhas identificadas, nomeadamente ao nível da cooperação e aprendizagem entre os agentes de desenvolvimento presentes.
This work aims to be a contribution for a better understanding of the regions’ role as agents of development, by exploitation of its endogenous resources and by planning its internal economic, social and institutional activities. The work is based on four mains parts. Firstly, some issues about the global economic context are argued, namely the acknowledgment of innovation as a fundamental motor of regional development, the relevance and contribution of territorial planning and organization of regional activities and the importance of cluster as the optimal territorial configuration in promoting innovation processes. Secondly, by recognising Fashion as an emergent economic sector in Porto’s Metropolitan Area, some concepts and issues related with fashionphenomenon are addressed, especially those related with its economic aspects. Thirdly, a conceptual framework, which sustains the national fashion cluster, is developed; first, in a theoretical approach, and secondly by illustrating with two successfully European examples. Finally, in the last part of the present work, is developed the practical component, which comprised a diagnosis of Porto’s economic and institutional context, and the evaluation of existent conditions by which a fashion cluster can be sustained. Based on this framework, it is recognized an opportunity to develop a fashion cluster around Porto urban area, mainly by the presence of an effective and dynamic industrial and business support. The conclusion of this work stresses, however, the under exploitation of the favourable endogenous resources, mainly caused by absence of co-operation and learning networks between local development actors. Consequently, it is pointed out as a major challenge to be accomplished, by one hand, to turn to advantage the favourable factors and conditions present on the territory, an by the other hand, to promote and incite co-operation and learning linkages and interactions among local development agents.

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Beyhan, Burak. "The Role Of Labor Mobility In The Cognitive Architecture Of An Industrial Cluster: The Case Of Siteler In Ankara." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607449/index.pdf.

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The aim of this thesis is to unveil the cognitive architecture of an industrial cluster by drawing on the roles of the labor mobility in particular as a mechanism of knowledge transmission and in general as a kind of social glue that holds together small production communities operative within a given territory. To what extent innovations occur in connection with labor mobility is one of the primary concerns of this thesis in accordance with its central role as a mechanism of knowledge spillover. In an effort to draw the wider theoretical framework within which knowledge spillover effects of labor mobility can be placed, this thesis firstly unveils the debates revolving around the increasing importance ascribed to (tacit) knowledge in (regional) economic development and the historical evolution of labor mobility studies. This thesis not only draws on but also develops a wide range of analytical tools designated for the particular needs of the questions addressed. The empirical dimension of this thesis is explored by employing a telescoping of view of both spatial and sectoral coverage. In this context, this thesis does not only attempt to grasp the small production communities operative in a socio-spatial system and to compare the innovation capacities of the respective communities by drawing on the contexts of labor mobility but also justifies the designation of the case study area and sectors in a detailed way. The method employed in the thesis is rather a holistic effort with regard to conceptualization of social, historical, economical and spatial processes.

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Westgaard, Hilde Kristin, and Petter Lexander. "Klyngeinitiativ i Hedmark : Praktiske tilnærminger til klyngeinitiativ og utvikling av regionale innovasjonssystem - og graden av behov for management i ulike staider av prosessen. To eksempler fra Hedmark Fylke." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-488.

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Innlandet har flere klyngeinitiativ som blir fulgt opp og utviklet i regi av virkemiddelapparatet, herunder også Kunnskapsparkene. Kunnskapsparken Hedmark har bioforedling og kulturnæringer som fokusområder. I denne avhandlingen har vi valgt å presentere og belyse utfordringer knyttet til utviklingen av to ulike klyngeinitiativ, en på anvendt bioteknologi og en på musikk (pop/rock). Begge klyngeinitiativ er initiert og har sitt hovedsete i Hedmark, med tilknyttede aktører i Oppland, men også i andre regioner.

Fokuset på å utvikle regionale næringsklynger bunner først og fremst i behovet for at næringsaktører og FoU miljø i større grad samarbeider og samhandler for å øke konkurransekraften. Ved å initiere fellesprosjekter bidrar man til å øke verdiskapingen i regionen, konsekvensen blir at man løfter ulike fagmiljø til å bli mer attraktive og man kan slik lettere rekruttere ny arbeidskraft, flere studenter og på alle måter skape merverdi. Et regionalt klyngeinitiativ går aktivt inn i prosessen med å fjerne barrierer mellom de ulike aktørene, så som mellom næring og høgskole/universitet. Det handler om å smelte sammen ulike kulturer og synliggjøre verdien av samarbeid med tanke på synergier og økt nasjonal og internasjonal konkurransekraft. Målsettingen vil da være å bli en lærende region, dvs. et innovasjonssystem der alle barrierer er fraværende og kommunikasjonsflyten derved er svært god. Slik kan man ta ut merverdien og skape et godt innovasjonsmiljø.

Denne avhandlingen knytter arbeidet med klyngeutvikling opp til relevant teori og belyser slik de utfordringer man står overfor, systemisk og praktisk. I begynnelsen av utviklingsprosessen ligger det en forventning om sterkt offentlig engasjement, i forhold til ledelse og koordinering samt finansiering. Gjennom å gradvis få tettere dialog med de ulike næringsaktørene og evt. et FoU miljø ligger det en forventning om at næringsaktørene gradvis går inn mer aktivt i klyngeutviklingen, både med menneskelige ressurser og kapital. Forankringen hos de ulike aktørene og det å alliere seg med en respektert person som kan snakke varmt om klyngeprosessen er en kritisk suksessfaktor. Etter hvert som klyngeutviklingen blir mer kjent, forstått og akseptert kan klyngefasilitatoren rette blikket utover, fra det regionale til det nasjonale og etter hvert det internasjonale miljø.

I Norge finnes det to hovedprogrammer for klyngeutvikling, Arena og Norwegian Centres of Expertise. Arena er ment for de mer umodne miljøene, mens NCE programmet er tiltenkt de klyngene som har størst vekstpotensial og som gjør seg gjeldende i et internasjonalt marked. Denne avhandlingen presenterer to case; BIOINN som har avsluttet sin programperiode som Arenaprosjekt og nå står på egne ben på regionale offentlige og private midler, samt musikk-klyngen i Hedmark som er i tidlig fase i utviklingen, men har et stort potensial og er i god driv. Kravet til ledelse varierer i forhold til hvilket utviklingstrinn klyngen er i, og arbeidets grad av suksess er gjerne knyttet til at man ikke slipper fokus og er i aktiv dialog med alle aktørene. Man må kontinuerlig være på post og drive aktiv markedsføring, motiveringsarbeid og på ulike måter holde trykket og entusiasmen oppe.

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Cetin, Dilek. "Exports And Clusters: A Spatial Econometric Analysis On Ankara And Istanbul Oizs." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615035/index.pdf.

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Organized Industrial Zones (OIZs) are used as a main and important industry policy tool in Turkey. In 2012, the number of OIZs is 263 with 148 active and 115 planned ones. Network between the firms reveal the knowledge spillovers which is inevitable for economic growth of a country for neo-classical economists. In this thesis, existence of intra-OIZ and intra-industry knowledge spillovers in Ankara and Istanbul is tested by the help of an export decision function. As it considers the spatial dependence between the regional units the spatial econometric method is preferred for the analysis. The data set is taken from the &ldquo
Field Research Survey&rdquo
of Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization (SMEDO). It consists of 62,137 firm level observations from 24 manufacturing industries in 81 provinces between 2004 and 2007. After the cleaning process of the data, 1545 and 1172 observations are left for Ankara and Istanbul, respectively. The results show that the size of the firm (which is proxied by logarithm of total labor), technology (which is proxied by computer usage), organizational proximity and foreign language knowledge of the administrator are the common determinants of export decision for Ankara and Istanbul for both intra-IOZ and intra-industry relations when spatial dependence is not ignored. Besides these variables, in Ankara percentage of high skilled labor is significant while in Istanbul cluster proximity is significant. Moreover, for Ankara while for intra-OIZ relations the spatial effect is one third of the total effect, it is one fourth of the total effect for intra-industry relation. For Istanbul one fourth of the total effect is from spatial effects for both intra-OIZ and intra-industry relations.

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Nascimento, Patrícia Danielle Gomes do, Renata Cristina Navarro Domingos, and Renata Facchini Lellis. "Desenvolvimento do cluster de economia criativa na área central da cidade de São Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/14113.

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The present dissertation discusses the structuring of a technology-related creative economy cluster in the downtown region of São Paulo. The choice of this region, as well as of the creative economy as an impulse for the economic requalification and social re-occupation of the area, aims to tackle the downtown’s emptying issue, impelling entrepreneurship and the positioning of the region as a place for social gathering. In order to analyze the feasibility and adequacy of this proposal, the applied research method, comprising proceedings related to a brief literature review and also interviews with creative industry professionals, was chosen. The study of international and national cases, the study of the Brazilian regulation, the evaluation of the development level of creative industries in São Paulo and the reflection about the city vocations were considered in this method. Taking such background into account, the modeling of the technology cluster in the Creative District of Sé/República was designed, aiming to outline proposals that could be developed in the short, medium and long terms. Immediate actions, such as the branding of ongoing activities, as well as medium term measures, such as partnership agreements, and others mostly related to structuring processes, such as the requalification of spaces and projects, were proposed. All these measures aimed to optimize the municipal action in the search of downtown re-occupation and, consequently, in the attraction of investments for this region, in order to restrain the degradation process and leverage the process of placing São Paulo’s downtown back in its position of valuable economic and cultural nucleus for the municipality. By means of this work, it can be concluded that there are examples in Brazil and worldwide that can serve as an inspiration to the development of the action proposed and that the possibility of generating a positive impact, even in times of budgetary constraints, is quite plausible.
A presente dissertação trata da estruturação de um cluster de economia criativa no centro da cidade de São Paulo, voltado à área de tecnologia. A escolha da região central, assim como da economia criativa como impulso para a requalificação econômica e reocupação social da área, tem como objetivo enfrentar o problema do esvaziamento do centro da cidade, impulsionando o empreendedorismo e o posicionamento da região como local de convivência. Para análise da viabilidade e adequabilidade dessa proposta optou-se por uma pesquisa aplicada, cujos procedimentos englobaram uma breve revisão da literatura e também entrevistas com profissionais do setor criativo. Foram realizados estudos de casos internacionais e nacionais; estudo da legislação brasileira; avaliação do nível de desenvolvimento dos setores criativos em São Paulo e reflexão sobre as vocações da cidade. Com essa bagagem, iniciou-se a modelagem do cluster de tecnologia do Distrito Criativo da Sé/República, por meio da qual se objetivou traçar propostas de ações que pudessem ser desenvolvidas em curto, médio e longo prazos. Foram apresentadas ações mais imediatas, como a realização de um branding das atividades já em andamento, medidas realizáveis no médio prazo, como a concretização de parcerias, e outras um tanto mais estruturantes, como a requalificação de espaços e de projetos. Todas essas medidas almejam otimizar a ação municipal na busca pela reocupação da região e, consequentemente, na atração de investimentos para o local, de modo a frear o processo de degradação e alavancar o processo de reposicionamento do centro da cidade de São Paulo como valioso núcleo econômico e cultural para o Município. Com o presente trabalho, chega-se à conclusão de que há exemplos no Brasil e no mundo que podem servir de inspiração para o desenvolvimento da ação proposta e que a possibilidade de se gerar um impacto positivo, mesmo em épocas de dificuldades orçamentárias, é bastante plausível.

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32

Pereira, Elizabeth da Costa. "Clusters industriais e sistemas de inovação: o caso da Marinha Grande." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8079.

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Mestrado em Economia
O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a importância dos clusters para a economia portuguesa como sistema que incentiva as relações de complementaridade e interdependência entre os agentes económicos e as instituições que o constituem, promovendo um forte ambiente competitivo. Com base nos vários estudos desenvolvidos na literatura económica em redor do conceito de clusters, este trabalho analisa o caso específico da Marinha Grande, evidenciando os sectores do vidro, moldes e plástico. Para a realização do estudo recorre-se a uma análise qualitativa sustentada em revisão bibliográfica, que possibilita o desenvolvimento de um referencial teórico para o estudo da importância crescente do conceito de cluster, que assume a região como centro de desenvolvimento, inovação e diversificação, e da influência dos sistemas de inovação como factor impulsionador do seu crescimento. Com base no estudo de indicadores que constituem medidas de concentração geográfica pretende-se analisar se existe na Marinha Grande um potencial cluster regional e através de uma análise shift-share investigar as dinâmicas sectoriais e as especificidades regionais no desenvolvimento económico regional. Os resultados obtidos através dos referidos indicadores apresentam a evidência de um potencial cluster regional na Marinha Grande. No que concerne aos resultados da análise shift-share verifica-se a existência de uma componente sectorial positiva para todos os sectores na Marinha Grande e de uma componente regional positiva apenas para o sector de plásticos, para os anos de 2002 a 2009. Agregando os sectores do vidro, moldes e plástico realiza-se uma nova análise shift-share, de forma a analisar o comportamento da componente regional para os períodos de 2002 a 2008 e de 2002 a 2009. Para o primeiro período, a componente regional apresenta valores positivos, contrastando com o segundo período em que a mesma componente exibe um comportamento negativo. Assim, conclui-se que, a Marinha Grande no período de 2002 a 2008 é uma região especializada em sectores dinâmicos, apresentando vantagens competitivas em relação ao comportamento médio observado a nível nacional.
The present study aims to analyse the importance of clusters for the Portuguese economy as a system that promotes the relations of complementarity and interdependence among economic actors and institutions that constitutes it, promoting a strong competitive environment. Based on several studies in economic literature around the concept of clusters, this work examines the specific case of Marinha Grande, standing out the sectors of glass, molds and plastic. The study relied on qualitative analysis supported on literature review, which enables the development of a theoretical framework for the study of the increasing relevance of cluster concept, which assumes the region as centre of development, innovation and diversity and the influence of innovation systems as a key driver of growth of clusters. Based on indicators that constitute geographical concentration measures is intended to analyse if there is, in Marinha Grande, a potential regional cluster and through a shift-share analysis investigate the sectorial dynamics and the regional specifies in the economic regional development. The obtained results through the above mentioned indicators show the evidence of a potential regional cluster in Marinha Grande. In what concerns to shift-share results analysis there is a positive sectorial component for all Marinha Grande sectors and positive regional component only for plastic sector, for 2002 to 2009 period. Aggregating sectors of glass, molds and plastic a new shift-share analysis is carried out in order to analyse the behaviour of the regional component for the periods 2002 to 2008 and 2002 to 2009. For the first period, the regional component presents positive values, however in the second period the same component shows a negative behaviour. Thus, the general conclusion is that Marinha Grande is, between 2002 and 2008, a specialized region on dynamic sectors, presenting competitive advantages relative to the average behaviour observed at a national level.

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33

Taylor, Mollie Marie. "A comprehensive assessment of Atlanta's status as a high-technology cluster." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22628.

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Carmvall, Louise. "Regional Clustering to support Start-up businesses : - A study on social networks in Gnosjöandan and Silicon Valley -." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-6473.

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The report is aimed to stress the support of start-up businesses that exists in the environment of cluster regions. The author will introduce the reader to the conceptions of cluster regions and different shapes of social capital. The empirical study is based on two specific networks operating in two cluster areas – contributing with a broader aspect of the conception of integration. The districts are the region of Gnosjö in southern Sweden and Silicon Valley in southern San Francisco, USA. The author explore relationships between actors within the two networks and highlight two different approaches the networks use dealing with different perspectives as supporting start-up businesses. She emphasizes the importance of nurturing relations in the regional environment, with stand in natural routines and informal meetings. This will be illustrated through examples of intimate interaction in Gnosjöandan and Silicon Valley, through a perspective of regional advantage, facing global markets. The analysis is based on theoretical support with foundation in several themes of conditions for a start-up business to establish on the market. With basis in theoretical frameworks and empirical facts the report has generated an interesting argumentation of critical conditions for establishment of start-up businesses. The discussion is based on different perspectives due to the dissimilar cases used in the study. Consequently, start-up conditions, generated in cluster atmospheres, are highlighted through three interesting aspects.

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35

LEE, BOYOUNG. "METROPOLITAN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS: A CINCINNATI CASE STUDY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1054822656.

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36

Konstantynova, Anastasiia [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Genosko, Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Pechlaner, and James R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wilson. "Regional cluster policy and economic development : case study of the Basque Country and Upper Austria / Anastasiia Konstantynova ; Joachim Genosko, Harald Pechlaner, James R. Wilson." Eichstätt-Ingolstadt : Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121105858/34.

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37

Lundequist, Per. "Spatial clustering and industrial competitiveness : Studies in economic geography." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/99-2002-0429140456/.

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38

Bergman, Edward M., Gunther Maier, and Patrick Lehner. "Banning the Bahn: transport infrastructure effects on Austrian cluster firms." Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1702/1/document.pdf.

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The adequacy of existing transport infrastructure to four distinct clusters in Austria's key regions is tested by examining the willingness of logistics managers to pay for additional service improvements. Findings show an overall willingness to pay for multiple service improvements; this reveals a general dissatisfaction with current shipping options, regardless of transport mode, where rail mode services ("Bahn") provoke the greatest dissatisfaction. Willingness to pay for improvements generally increases by degrees of regional EU remoteness and relative youth of cluster industries, as hypothesized from Schumpterian assumptions concerning infrastructure innovation.
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

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39

TETTAMANTI, STEFANO. "Fondi Strutturali Europei 2000-2006: Ricostruzione della distribuzione regionale e valutazione del loro impatto sulla convergenza regionale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3675.

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Ampia discussione è in corso riguardo ai Fondi Strutturali Europei, uno strumento creato dall’Unione Europea per ridurre le differenze economiche tra le sue regioni. Durante il CSF 2000-06 essi hanno rappresentato 1/3 del budget comunitario. Nonostante tale sforzo, parte della letteratura trova scarsi effetti e persistenza nei differenziali di PIL che i fondi dovrebbero ridurre. In questo lavoro si affronterà la questione osservando le regioni dell’EU-15, nel periodo 2000-07. L’effetto dei fondi è stato dapprima stimato con modelli di convergenza assoluta e considerando problemi come l’autocorrelazione spaziale e l’eterogeneità delle regioni. L’attenzione si è quindi diretta alla costruzione di un dataset contenente cifre dettagliate dei fondi pagati annualmente a ciascuna regione, tramite combinazione di informazioni da fonti ufficiali e tramite stime per coprire le cifre per cui tali informazioni erano mancanti. Con questo dataset sono quindi stati stimati modelli che considerassero effetti di spill-over e la possibilità di cluster convergence. È risultato che i fondi strutturali hanno effetti tutto sommato positivi. L’utilizzo di modelli più complessi e realistici ha però mostrato una debole convergenza, lasciando quindi dubbi sull’effettiva efficacia dei fondi.
A vast discussion is underway regarding European structural funds, an instrument the European Union created in order to reduce the economic differentials among its regions. During the 2000-2006 CSF they represented 1/ 3 of EU budget. Despite these efforts, part of the literature finds small effects and persistence in those differences in GDP which these funds should reduce. In this work the issue will be addressed by looking at regions within EU-15, in the period 2000-2007. Proof of the positive effect of funds was first searched using models of absolute beta convergence and addressing issues like spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity between regions. The attention moved then to the task of constructing a dataset which could provide detailed figures on funding paid to each region each year, by combining information available from official sources and through the estimation of those figures for which information was missing. On the base of this dataset new models were estimated, taking into account the spill-over effects and the possibility of cluster convergence. The result was that structural funds have, overall, a positive impact. Once we move to more complex and realistic models, convergence becomes weaker, casting some doubts on the effectiveness of these funds.

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40

Pezoa, Fuentes Claudia Andrea. "Elementos competitivos en base a la eficiencia colectiva de las empresas pertenecientes a un cluster emergente: el cluster minero de antofagasta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8823.

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La tesis analiza el impacto de los factores determinantes de la competitividad empresarial (sectoriales, empresariales y, sobre todo, sistémicos) en un cluster emergente. El énfasis en los factores sistémicos se deriva de que son los que se vinculan directamente con las ventajas que proporciona la ubicación geográfica. Así, se desarrolla un marco de análisis a partir del concepto de eficiencia colectiva, en el cual tanto los factores económicos ligados al territorio (economías externas) como los factores socioculturales vinculados a la comunidad (acciones conjuntas) se relacionan con el desempeño y resultados empresariales, su capacidad para competir y su capacidad innovadora. Las hipótesis planteadas se comprueban para una muestra representativa de empresas del cluster minero de Antofagasta (Chile), de cuyo estudio empírico se desprende que las economías externas dinámicas son las que presentan un efecto significativo, por encima de las estáticas y de las acciones conjuntas.
This thesis analyzes the impact of the determinants of corporate competitiveness (sectoral, business and, especially, systemic) on an emerging cluster. Emphasis has been placed on the systemic factors, because they are directly associated with the advantages provided by the geographical location of the firms. Thus, an analytic framework has been developed based on the concept of collective efficiency. In this framework, both economic factors related to the territory (external economies) and socio-cultural factors linked to the community (joint actions) are associated to the firms' performance, competitiveness and innovative capacity. To test the hypotheses formed, fieldwork was carried out using a representative sample of companies in the mining cluster in Antofagasta (Chile). Results show that dynamic external economies have a significant effect, above the static and joint actions.

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41

Picou, Stephen C. "Louisiana's Water Innovation Cluster: Is it ready for global competition?" ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1887.

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The rapid growth of Louisiana's coastal restoration science and technology assets is paralleled by the growth of business resources to fulfill myriad project needs. Many institutions and organizations in Louisiana seek to further develop the state's research, education, engineering and related restoration assets into a globally competitive set of industries with exportable expertise and products that help the state capitalize on its water challenges. Globally, similar efforts are identified (and often branded) as water technology innovation clusters (or more simply water clusters). This paper explores the phenomenon of the development of water clusters by public-private partnerships and initiatives, nationally and internationally, in a comparative analysis with Louisiana.

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42

Ткачук, О. В., та Olga Tkachuk. "Формування регіональних інноваційних кластерів як чинник стратегічного розвитку економіки України". Thesis, Просвіта, 2017. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/6351.

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43

Cincunegui, Carmen. "Cluster industrial y desarrollo territorial: el caso del polo petroquímico de Bahía Blanca (Agentina)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283264.

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La tesis es un estudio de caso del Polo Petroquímico de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), que analiza su evolución y su configuración actual centrándose en su adecuación o no al modelo de cluster industrial y su contribución al desarrollo regional. El estudio de este cluster en cierta medida “no exitoso” permite cuestionar ciertas nociones de la perspectiva teórica del Nuevo Regionalismo o Teoría del Desarrollo Endógeno. Este estudio se basa en encuestas a las cuatro empresas petroquímicas que componen el Polo y entrevistas a informantes de las empresas y de los principales agentes institucionales que componen el contexto local vinculados a la actividad de las empresas (asociaciones empresariales representantes de las empresas petroquímicas y de los proveedores locales, sindicato, gobierno local, universidades e institutos de I+D). A su vez, se realiza una revisión de los modelos de desarrollo a nivel nacional que sirven de contexto para entender la evolución de la aglomeración de empresas petroquímicas.
The thesis consists of a case study of Bahía Blanca’s Petrochemical Pole (Argentina), analyzing its evolution and present configuration focusing on its adequacy or not to the model of industrial cluster and its contribution to regional development. The case study of a partially “non successful” industrial cluster allows us to question certain notions of New Regionalism and Endogenous Development Theory. The case study is based on a survey of the four petrochemical enterprises and semi-structured interviews to enterprises managers and main institutional agents that shape the local context of the enterprises activity (petrochemical enterprises and local suppliers entrepreneurial associations, the union, local government, universities and R&D institutions). A review of national development models is made in order to provide a context to understand the petrochemical enterprises agglomeration evolution.

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44

Deva, Faton. "A Future Wine Cluster in Kosova?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5724.

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This thesis deals with the Kosovar agricultural economy and the introduction of new approaches. Kosova is an economy in transition with high unemployment, young population and structural problems. The privatization process promises a better future and economic growth. However, hard work and new approaches are needed. Privatization does not mean immediate growth. Hereby, clusters are considered as an appropriate approach to develop rural areas. Especially the wine sector in Kosova could be an example for cluster development as it is a promising sector. Wine has a long history in Kosova although wine consumption is not widespread. This sector is a rare example where exports are higher than imports. Climate conditions cheep working force and as stated the background make this sector attractive. Foreign agencies and investors are very interested in this sector. This thesis will show the main problems and main opportunities of this sector. It will describe the structural changes and current developments. Cluster creation is not a government function. Further, it is not a tailor-made solution. In fact, clustering involves many roles. Each participant has certain duties but the whole process needs coordination. The monitoring and supervision of the whole process, the identification of needs and permanent exchange of the participants are organized in a cluster. At the end, a win-win situation is created even if competition is raised to a high level. Competition and the functioning of free markets guarantee the success of the sector and as a results regional development. One cluster helps to create another. Starting one process means that many others could follow. By reading this thesis, the reader should recognize potentials and understand the local circumstances. This is the aim of the study.
Faton Deva "Shkodra" 14, Prishtina 10000 Kosova mob: +377(0)44122883 e-mail:faton99d@gmail.com

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45

Henkel, Cathy. "Development of audiovisual industries in the Northern Rivers Region of NSW." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.

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The proposition that this thesis investigates is that the Northern Rivers region of NSW, the area from Grafton to Tweed Heads, is growing as a lifestyle and learning region with the potential for audiovisual industry activity to develop as a series of networked industry clusters. The cluster model is explored as an alternative approach to industry development that offers new opportunities for enterprise building and new options for government intervention in the cultural industries in the region. The concept of creative industries is also applied to scope new collaboration and economic development options for the cultural industries, creative arts, media and communications sectors and a new agenda for collective action amongst industry players in the region. The thesis confirms that audiovisual and creative industries' activity in the Northern Rivers region has reached a significant level in terms of representation in the workforce and economic and social benefit to the region. The research identified a total of 1,621 people involved in audiovisual industries in the region, representing a growth of 214% since 1996. The total number of people involved in creative industries in the region in 2000 was conservatively estimated to be 3,500, which is 4.1 % of the local work force, a significant figure for a non-metropolitan region. The thesis questioned the usefulness of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data in providing an accurate picture of creative industries, and the research may be considered a pioneering work in its method of collecting data on creative industry cluster developments in Australia. The thesis concludes that the Northern Rivers region has an active, significant and growing audiovisual industry within the creative milieu of a lively and growing creative industries' sector, and has the potential to develop as a series of networked creative industries' clusters. However, considerable barriers and difficulties exist at both the local and national levels for these industries, and specific measures need to be taken urgently to support this developing sector and to provide the infrastructure and mechanisms needed to ensure that the current growth is sustainable.

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Nogueira, Rodrigo Hisgail de Almeida. "A teoria da localização industrial e o Programa Paulista de Arranjos Produtivos Locais: limites do modelo de competitividade no plano regional (2002 a 2012)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9250.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Hisgail de Almeida Nogueira.pdf: 9041971 bytes, checksum: 606c3c9bd04ceaa8f508da286f310f52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Motivated to evaluate the contribution of Local Productive Systems (LPSs) for the development of the localities in which they were implemented in the State of São Paulo, this study sought to prove based on the analysis of some of the leading authors of the theory of industrial location, in first, if this theory is the main theoretical support base for formulating the development program the Local Productive Systems in Brazil, particularly in the state of São Paulo experience . In the mid-2000s , before a change in the framework of international economic order, with the advent of neo-liberal assumptions, degradation of the Brazilian industrial base , and deterioration of the social relations of production in urban areas, great hope is putted on clusters as endogenous growth promoter and promotion of territoriality in which it operates , as of successful international experiences of the industrial districts of the Third Italy , and high-tech Silicon Valley and Route 128 districts , both in the US . From the processing and analysis data selected on the São Paulo LPSs Program and especially the case study on the implementation of clusters in the Greater ABC Region , it was found that despite the contributions , regional competitiveness as a development proposal is insufficient and not alone serve the needs and social interests historically determined in this region
Motivado em avaliar a contribuição do Programa de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) para o desenvolvimento nos territórios em que foram implementados no Estado de São Paulo, o presente trabalho procurou comprovar com base na análise de alguns dos principais estudiosos da teoria da localização industrial, que esta teoria é a principal base de sustentação para formulação do Programa de fomento a Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) no Brasil, particularmente na experiência do Estado de São Paulo. Em meados dos anos 2000, frente a um quadro de mudança da ordem econômica internacional, com o advento dos pressupostos neoliberais, de degradação da base industrial brasileira, e de precarização das relações sociais de produção nas áreas urbanas, grande esperança é depositada nos APLs como promotor de crescimento endógeno e dinamização das territorialidades em que atua, a partir das exitosas experiências internacionais dos distritos industriais da Terceira Itália, dos distritos de alta tecnologia do Silicon Valley e da Route 128 nos EUA. A partir do tratamento e análise dos dados selecionados sobre o Programa Paulista de APLs e principalmente do estudo de caso sobre a implementação de projetos de APLs na Região do Grande ABC, constatou-se que apesar das contribuições, a competitividade regional como proposta de desenvolvimento é insuficiente e não responde por si só às necessidades e interesses sociais historicamente determinados nestas regiões

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Mohd, Yusof Zatun Najahah. "The role of university-industry-government relationship in cluster development : the case of MSC Malaysia." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20387.

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Malaysia is a transition economic country that aims to be a developed country by 2020. In realising this mission (Vision 2020), the cluster concept has been an interest and adopted by the central authorities. There are few years ahead to reach the targeted year and it interest of this study to investigate the relevant development on its own engineered cluster of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) that was put forward on the success of Silicon Valley in the US. This thesis focuses on the development of the MSC cluster in the Malaysia context. It examines and measures the state of the cluster, the role played by its core actors (from Triple Helix perspective) and their relationship in the MSC. The role of collaboration has been used to measure the relationship among actors with the key determinants of cluster formation. A mixed data collection method was used to answer the research question and objectives involved. A conceptual model for analysing the MSC cluster is proposed, bringing together insights from the literature on clusters, role of actors, collaborative relationship and the complex systems of innovation approach. This conceptual model uncover the weaknesses of social dimension (social infrastructure) in Porter’s diamond model and the general approach of Triple Helix model in the cluster development. The cluster lifecycle model is used to add the depth to the analysis on the condition of cluster development.

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48

Kleinschmitt, Sandra Cristiana. "Análise espacial dos homicídios nos municípios do Estado do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2009. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2247.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra C Kleinschmitt.pdf: 1716732 bytes, checksum: e8f8b01c3b62129ddcc186836f7688b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-06
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The central objective of this research was to analyze the spatial distribution of homicides in the state of Paraná, over the years 2001 and 2005 and the relationship between this phenomenon and socioeconomic, demographic and urban infrastructure variables as well. The method of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) was used to measure the degree of spatial autocorrelation among the studied variables, based on the characteristics of the 399 municipalities in the State of Paraná, presently. Initially, the ESDA was used to check the existence of spatial autocorrelation among the state municipalities considering the homicide rates. The results demonstrated the existence of spatial autocorrelation of homicide rates in the municipalities of Paraná State. When considering the mapping of clusters, there was the indicative of four clusters of High High type- (HH) and four large clusters of low-low type (LL). The highest homicide rates were found in clusters of municipalities located in the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Curitiba, in the North Central Mesoregion, West Mesoregion, and in a number of municipalities from Center South, Center West, West and Southwest Mesoregions. The clusters of type LL were in the Northwest and in the Central North Mesoregion, and Pioneiro North and Southwest Mesoregion. The common manifestations of variables in the four clusters of HH type were: the high average of residents per home (ARH), the high number of head of family without income, low number of kindergartens, low number of cultural facilities, low number of people over 60 years and the low incidence of infant mortality. The other tested variables autocorrelated in the cities with the rates of murder, but according to their particular regions. The exception was the variables: water supply and sewerage, per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and head of family over 15 years literate, not significant, at a 5% significance.
O objetivo central desta pesquisa é analisar a distribuição espacial dos homicídios no Estado do Paraná, entre os anos 2001 e 2005, e a relação entre este fenômeno e as variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e de infraestrutura urbana. O método de Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) foi utilizado para medir o grau de autocorrelação espacial entre as variáveis estudadas, a partir das características dos 399 municípios existentes no Estado do Paraná, na atualidade. Num primeiro momento utilizou-se a AEDE para verificar a presença de autocorrelação espacial entre os municípios do Estado, considerando as taxas de homicídio. Os resultados demonstraram a existência da autocorrelação espacial das taxas de homicídio entre os municípios paranaenses. Ao considerar os mapas de clusters, verificou-se a presença de quatro grandes clusters do tipo Alto-Alto (AA) e quatro grandes clusters do tipo Baixo-Baixo (BB). As maiores taxas de homicídio foram encontradas nos clusters constituídos por municípios situados na Mesorregião Metropolitana de Curitiba, na Mesorregião Norte Central, na Mesorregião Oeste e num conjunto de municípios das Mesorregiões Centro-Sul, Centro-Ocidental, Oeste e Sudoeste. Os clusters do tipo BB constituíram-se nas Mesorregiões Noroeste e Norte Central, na Mesorregião Norte Pioneiro e na Mesorregião Sudoeste. As manifestações comuns das variáveis nos quatro clusters do tipo AA, foram: a alta média de moradores por domicílio (MMD), a alta presença de chefes de família sem renda, a baixa presença de creches, a baixa presença de equipamentos culturais, a baixa presença de população com mais de 60 anos e a baixa incidência de mortalidade infantil. As outras variáveis testadas se autocorrelacionaram nos municípios com as taxas de homicídio, mas de acordo com suas particularidades regionais.

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Xiao, Wenbin. "Determinants of New Technology-Based Firms’ Performance in Catch-Up Regions: Evidence from the U.S. Biopharmaceutical and IT Service Industries." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/26.

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This study investigates the impacts of regional characteristics on the early-stage performance of New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs) in catch-up regions where a mature industrial cluster has yet to be formed. It hypothesized that the average NTBF performance in a region is a function of its scientist job market conditions, cultural diversity, venture capital, academic research, industrial structure, and local entrepreneurial climate. Using the events of Initial Public Offerings (IPO) and Merger & Acquisitions (M&A) as an indicator of early-stage success of NTBFs, this study constructs a set of Zero-Inflated-Negative-Binomial (ZINB) models to predict the spatial distribution of such events in the U.S. biopharmaceutical and Information Technology (IT) service industries during the period from 1996 to 2005. Several empirical findings emerge from this study. First, the local entrepreneurial climate plays a significant and positive role on NTBF performance in both industries. Second, the positive impact of cultural diversity is more significant in the IT service industry than in the biopharmaceutical industry. Third, the scientist job market size and absolute salary level have positive impacts on NTBF performance, but the effect of relative salary level is negative. Fourth, proximity to venture capital firms has positive but non-linear effects, but the adverse effect of excess venture capital is stronger in the IT service industry. Fifth, there is little evidence of the direct effects of academic research in determining the NTBF performance in both industries. Finally, industrial specialization is significant and positive only in the IT service industry. The results suggest that promoting local entrepreneurial climate and cultural diversity are two effective policy instruments for catch-up regions to foster their NTBF growth.

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Фоменко, В. Ю. "Перспективи кластерної моделі розвитку туризму в Україні (на прикладі Івано-Франківської області)". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Fomenko.pdf.

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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижче
У роботі розглядаються науково-теоретичні аспекти туристичних кластерів як детермінанти соціально-економічного розвитку регіону, досліджені сутність та види кластерних моделей розвитку туризму, визначені переваги кластерної моделі організації туристичного бізнесу в регіоні. Надана оцінка перспектив кластерної моделі розвитку підприємств туризму в Україні та охарактеризований регіональний потенціал розвитку туристичних кластерів в Івано-Франківській області. Здійснений аналіз функціонування кластеру сільського туризму «Бойківський колорит» в Долинському районі Івано-Франківської області. За результатами аналізу запропоновані шляхи удосконалення діяльності кластеру сільського зеленого туризму «Бойківський колорит». Для розвитку кластеру розроблений проект створення еко-садиби «Бойківська легенда» та представлені економічні обґрунтування заходу, визначений період окупності інвестицій.
The scientific-theoretical aspects of tourist clusters as a determinant of social and economic development of the region are considered in the work, the essence and types of cluster models of tourism development are determined. to determine the advantages of the cluster model of tourism business organization in the region. An assessment of the prospects of the cluster model of tourism enterprises in Ukraine is given and the regional potential of tourism clusters development in Ivano-Frankivsk region is characterized, the functioning of the rural tourism cluster «Boykivsky Koloryt» in Dolyna district of Ivano-Frankivsk region is analyzed. According to the results of the analysis, ways to improve the activities of the cluster of rural green tourism «Boykivsky Kolorit» are proposed. For the development of the cluster the project of creation of the eco-estate «Boykivska legenda» is developed and the economic substantiations of the event are presented, the payback period of investments is defined.

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