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Статті в журналах з теми "Relativistic processe"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Supriadi, Bambang, Singgih Bektiarso, Arita Fajar Damasari, Putri Indah Ramadhani, Trias Rizqi Febrianti, and Lubna Lubna. "RESPON SISWA TERHADAP METODE PYTHAGORAS SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SOAL ENERGI RELATIVISTIK." ORBITA: Jurnal Kajian, Inovasi dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Fisika 8, no. 1 (2022): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v8i1.8582.

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ABSTRAKTeori relativitas khusus merupakan teori yang dikembangkan Albert Einstein berkaitan kerelativitasan ruang dan waktu. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui respon siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas terhadap penyelesaian soal energi relativistik dengan metode phytagoras. Metode penelitian adalah metode penelitian survei dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas XI MIPA 1 SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember tahun ajaran 2021/2022 berjumlah 28 orang. Penelitian merupakan penelitian pengembangan dari peneliti sebelumnya. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan sampling jenuh menggunakan angket

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2

Whelan, Colm T., J. Rasch, H. R. J. Walters, S. Keller, H. Ast, and R. M. Dreizler. "Inner shell (e, 2e) processes." Canadian Journal of Physics 74, no. 11-12 (1996): 804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p96-114.

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The great advantage of coincidence measurements is that by suitable choice of the kinematical and geometrical arrangement one may probe delicate physical effects that would be swamped in less differential experiments. The calculation of the triple-differential cross section for the inner shell ionization of high-Z elements at relativistic energies presents a serious challenge to theory. Relativistic effects enter in both the kinematics and the nature of the target, and the large atom exerts a strong distorting influence. We consider such processes in a range of geometries and kinematics. We re

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3

Nakel, W. "Relativistic (e,2e) processes." Physics Reports 315, no. 6 (1999): 409–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-1573(98)00129-x.

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4

REIMER, ANITA. "HADRON-INITIATED EMISSION PROCESSES IN BLAZAR JETS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 18, no. 10 (2009): 1511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021827180901559x.

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Despite many advances in AGN physics, observationally as well as theoretically, the relativistic matter composition of extragalactic jets remains concealed. In contrast to the so called leptonic AGN emission models, hadronic models consider relativistic protons to be present in those sources, in addition to the relativistic electrons and positrons, and possibly cold material. Here I briefly discuss most processes that are commonly believed to characterize the so-called hadronic AGN emission models, and these include leptonic as well as hadronic processes. As an application predictions for the

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5

Glushkov, A. V., V. B. Ternovsky, V. V. Buyadzhi, P. A. Zaichko, and L. V. Nikola. "ADVANCED RELATIVISTIC ENERGY APPROACH TO RADIATION DECAY PROCESSES IN ATOMIC SYSTEMS." Photoelectronics, no. 24 (December 28, 2015): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/0235-2435.2015.24.157999.

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We consider the fundamental aspects of the advanced generalized energy approach to relativistic calculation of the radiative decay (transitions) probabilities in heavy neutral atomic systems and multicharged ions. The approach is based on the Gell-Mann and Low S-matrix formalism and the relativistic many-body perturbation theory (PT) with using the optimized one-quasiparticle representation and an accurate account of the relativistic and correlation. In relativistic case the Gell-Mann and Low formula expresses an energy shift through the electrodynamical scattering matrix including the interac

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6

VILA, GABRIELA S. "RADIATIVE PROCESSES IN JETS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 06 (2010): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810016841.

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Relativistic jets and collimated outflows are ubiquitous phenomena in astrophysical settings, from young stellar objects up to Active Galactic Nuclei. The observed emission from some of these jets can cover the whole electromagnetic spectrum, from radio to gamma-rays. The relevant features of the spectral energy distributions depend on the nature of the source and on the characteristics of the surrounding environment. Here the author reviews the main physical processes that command the interactions between populations of relativistic particles locally accelerated in the jets, with matter, radi

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7

Enßlin, Torsten A., and Christoph Pfrommer. "Particle acceleration processes in the cosmic large-scale structure." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, no. 14 (2006): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307011040.

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AbstractThe energetic shock waves associated with the violent large-scale structure formation process are able to accelerate relativistic electrons and protons. The induced non-thermal emission, especially at long radio wavelength, provides a fascinating perspective into structure formation, the relativistic Universe, and cosmic magnetic fields.

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8

Hsiao, Ju-Tang, Hsiao-Ling Sun, Sheng-Fang Lin, and Keh-Ning Huang. "Photoionization Processes of the Single-Ionized Boron." Journal of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 2011 (March 13, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/452026.

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The relativistic calculations of the cross-section σ, the angular-distribution parameter β, and spin-polarization parameters {ξ,η,ζ} of photoelectrons using the multiconfiguration relativistic random-phase approximation theory for the photoionization of the B+ ion are presented. Precise energies and widths of all five Rydberg series of doublyexcited states (2pns)1P1o, (2pns)3P1o, (2pnd)1P1o, (2pnd)3P1o, and (2pnd)3D1o are determined. Our predictions are in very close agreement with experiments and are consistent with other calculations.

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9

TSUPKO, OLEG YU. "MAGNETO-PLASMA PROCESSES IN RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS: MODERN DEVELOPMENTS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 07 (2013): 1330016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813300164.

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This contribution is a review of some talks presented at the session "Magneto-Plasma Processes in Relativistic Astrophysics" of the Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting MG13. We discuss the modern developments of relativistic astrophysics, connected with presence of plasma and magnetic fields. The influence of magneto-plasma processes on the structure of the compact objects and accretion processes is considered. We also discuss a crucial role of magnetic field for the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions. Gravitational lensing in plasma is also considered.

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10

Fasshauer, Elke, Přemysl Kolorenč, and Markus Pernpointner. "Relativistic decay widths of autoionization processes: The relativistic FanoADC-Stieltjes method." Journal of Chemical Physics 142, no. 14 (2015): 144106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4917255.

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11

Tong, Xiao-Min, Lei Liu, and Jia-Ming Li. "Relativistic effect of atomic radiative processes." Physical Review A 49, no. 6 (1994): 4641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.49.4641.

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12

Bulanov, S. V. "Fundamental processes in relativistic laser plasmas." European Physical Journal Special Topics 175, no. 1 (2009): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2009-01136-1.

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13

Park, Hyunchul, and Renming Song. "Trace Estimates for Relativistic Stable Processes." Potential Analysis 41, no. 4 (2014): 1273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11118-014-9423-8.

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14

Mizuno, Yosuke. "GRMHD Simulations and Modeling for Jet Formation and Acceleration Region in AGNs." Universe 8, no. 2 (2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8020085.

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Relativistic jets are collimated plasma outflows with relativistic speeds. Astrophysical objects involving relativistic jets are a system comprising a compact object such as a black hole, surrounded by rotating accretion flows, with the relativistic jets produced near the central compact object. The most accepted models explaining the origin of relativistic jets involve magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes. Over the past few decades, many general relativistic MHD (GRMHD) codes have been developed and applied to model relativistic jet formation in various conditions. This short review provides a

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15

CHEVALIER, C., and F. DEBBASCH. "A UNIFYING APPROACH TO RELATIVISTIC DIFFUSIONS AND H-THEOREMS." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 06 (2008): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908014845.

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A new, wide class of relativistic stochastic processes is introduced. All relativistic processes considered so far in the literature (the Relativistic Ornstein–Uhlenbeck Process as well as the Franchi–Le Jan and the Dunkel–Hänggi processes) are members of this class. The stochastic equations of motion and the associated forward Kolmogorov equations are obtained for each process in the class. The corresponding manifestly covariant transport equation is also obtained. In particular, the manifestly covariant equations for the Franchi–Le Jan and the Dunkel–Hänggi processes are derived here for the

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16

Rubin, Jacques L. "Relativistic Localizing Processes Bespeak an Inevitable Projective Geometry of Spacetime." Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9672417.

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Surprisingly, the issue of events localization in spacetime is poorly understood and a fortiori realized even in the context of Einstein’s relativity. Accordingly, a comparison between observational data and theoretical expectations might then be strongly compromised. In the present paper, we give the principles of relativistic localizing systems so as to bypass this issue. Such systems will allow locating users endowed with receivers and, in addition, localizing any spacetime event. These localizing systems are made up of relativistic autolocating positioning subsystems supplemented by an ext

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17

MAHDAVI, M., and B. KALEJI. "DEGENERACY EFFECT ON THE COMPTON SCATTERING POWER." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 17 (2011): 1273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311035742.

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The Compton scattering is one of the loss processes in fusion media. In this paper the Compton cross-section is calculated in three limits of temperature, non-relativistic, relativistic and ultra-relativistic temperatures. By considering the electron distribution function for all the temperature limits, we found the power of Compton scattering in degenerate media. These results show that the Compton scattering power increases with decreasing electron temperature. So, in degenerate conditions, the Compton loss processes decrease in fusion media.

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18

Svinarenko, A. A., and M. V. Smishchenko. "Study of characteristics elementary atomic processes in the neon-like multicharged ions plasma within an energy approach." Physics of Aerodisperse Systems, no. 61 (December 9, 2023): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/0367-1631.2023.61.291826.

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We present the theoretical foundations of an advanced relativistic approach to computing the main energy, spectral characteristics of radiative-collisional processes in the plasma (in particular, the Debye plasma) of atomic as the example, neon-like) ions with simultaneous, quantitatively consistent consideration of the complex relativistic, interelectron exchange-correlation and plasma environment effects. The approach is based on the combination of a relativistic energy approach (S-matrix Gell-Mann and Low formalism), the relativistic gauge-invariant many-body perturbation theory with optimi

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19

Baur, G. "Electromagnetic Processes in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions." Physica Scripta T32 (January 1, 1990): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1990/t32/013.

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20

Bradnova, V., M. M. Chernyavsky, A. Sh Gaitinov, et al. "Nuclear clustering in processes of relativistic multifragmentation." Nuclear Physics A 734 (April 2004): E92—E95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.03.028.

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21

Bertulani, Carlos A., and Gerhard Baur. "Electromagnetic processes in relativistic heavy ion collisions." Physics Reports 163, no. 5-6 (1988): 299–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(88)90142-1.

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22

Barreto, Willians, Luis Herrera, and N. O. Santos. "Diffusion processes in general relativistic radiating spheres." Astrophysical Journal 344 (September 1989): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/167786.

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23

Bertulani, C. A., and G. Baur. "Electromagnetic processes in relativistic heavy ion collisions." Nuclear Physics A 458, no. 4 (1986): 725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(86)90197-1.

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24

Papenfuss, Christina. "A Special Relativistic Exploitation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and Its Non-Relativistic Limit." Entropy 25, no. 6 (2023): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25060952.

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A thermodynamic process is a solution of the balance equations fulfilling the second law of thermodynamics. This implies restrictions on the constitutive relations. The most general way to exploit these restrictions is the method introduced by Liu. This method is applied here, in contrast to most of the literature on relativistic thermodynamic constitutive theory, which goes back to a relativistic extension of the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes. In the present work, the balance equations and the entropy inequality are formulated in the special relativistic four-dimensional form for a

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25

Chen, Hui, and Frederico Fiuza. "Perspectives on relativistic electron–positron pair plasma experiments of astrophysical relevance using high-power lasers." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 2 (2023): 020601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134819.

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The study of relativistic electron–positron pair plasmas is both of fundamental physics interest and important to understand the processes that shape the magnetic field dynamics, particle acceleration, and radiation emission in high-energy astrophysical environments. Although it is highly desirable to study relativistic pair plasmas in the laboratory, their generation and control constitutes a critical challenge. Significant experimental and theoretical progress has been made over recent years to explore the use of intense lasers to produce dense relativistic pair plasma in the laboratory and

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26

Bosch-Ramon, Valentí. "Nonthermal processes in microquasars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S275 (2010): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310016066.

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AbstractMicroquasars are X-ray binaries that show extended radio jets. These jets can accelerate particles up to relativistic energies that produce non-thermal emission from radio to TeV, and could also make a non-negligible contribution to the galactic CRs in some energy ranges. The orbital motion and compactness of these sources allow the study of high-energy astrophysical phenomena in extreme conditions that change in accessible timescales. In this work, I briefly discuss the production of broadband non-thermal emission in microquasars, putting special emphasis on the high- and the very hig

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27

NITTA, HIDEO. "DIFFRACTED CHANNELING RADIATION AND OTHER COMPOUND RADIATION PROCESSES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, supp01 (2010): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10049979.

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Radiations from a crystal irradiated with relativistic charged particles are reviewed with the emphasis on their fundamental processes. As their "compound processes" diffraction of both channeling radiation and coherent bremsstrahlung are considered. Coherent polarization radiation from neutral particles with magnetic moment is discussed within the framework of classical electrodynamics.

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28

Кичигин, Геннадий, and Gennadiy Kichigin. "Shock waves raised by explosions in space as sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays." Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika 1, no. 1 (2015): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7350.

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The paper discusses the possibility of particle acceleration up to ultrahigh energies in the relativistic waves generated by various explosive processes in the interstellar medium. We propose to use the surfatron mechanism of acceleration (surfing) of charged particles trapped in the front of relativistic waves as a generator of high-energy cosmic rays (CRs). Conditions under which surfing in these waves can be made are studied thoroughly. Ultra-high-energy CRs are shown to be obtained due to the surfing in the relativistic plane and spherical waves. Surfing is supposed to take place in nonlin

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29

VOITKIV, A. B. "FEW-BODY QUANTUM DYNAMICS IN RELATIVISTIC ION-ATOM COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 01 (2006): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206033127.

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Until recently the theory of relativistic ion-atom collisions was basically restricted to the description of the motion of a single electron in the external field generated by the atomic nucleus and that of the ion-projectile. In the present article we review some of the very recent developments in the theory of relativistic ion-atom collisions which go beyond the single-active-electron picture. Here we discuss processes in which two electrons actively participate and focus our attention in the following two kinds of such processes: (i) double ionization of helium by relativistically moving hi

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30

Kudryashova, T. A., S. V. Polyakov, and N. I. Tarasov. "Simulation of Emission Processes in Strong Electromagnetic Fields." Журнал вычислительной математики и математической физики 63, no. 8 (2023): 1354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044466923080100.

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The problem of calculating the processes of electron emission from metal surfaces in strong electromagnetic fields is considered with allowance for relativistic effects. One of the methods of simulation in these processes is the particle method combined with grid calculation of fields on the basis of Maxwell’s equations. Similar techniques have been developed since the 1960s to the present. However, existing approaches have certain limitations. In this work, for an axisymmetric geometry of the generating system, a new numerical technique simulating the processes of electron emission from metal

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31

Botvina, Alexander, and Marcus Bleicher. "Processes of hypernuclei formation in relativistic ion collisions." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 13001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817113001.

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The study of hypernuclei in relativistic ion collisions open new opportunities for nuclear and particle physics. The main processes leading to the production of hypernuclei in these reactions are the disintegration of large excited hyper-residues (target- and projectile-like), and the coalescence of hyperons with other baryons into light clusters. We use the transport, coalescence and statistical models to describe the whole reaction, and demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach: These reactions lead to the abundant production of multi-strange nuclei and new hypernuclear states. A broad

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32

Bonfert, J., H. Graf, and W. Nakel. "Relativistic (e,2e) processes on atomic inner shells." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 24, no. 6 (1991): 1423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/24/6/026.

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33

Sümmerer, K., J. Reinhold, M. Fauerbach, et al. "Charge-pickup processes in relativistic heavy-ion reactions." Physical Review C 52, no. 2 (1995): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.52.1106.

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34

Di Prisco, A., N. Falcón, L. Herrera, M. Esculpi, and N. O. Santos. "Pre-relaxation Processes in a Radiating Relativistic Sphere." General Relativity and Gravitation 29, no. 11 (1997): 1391–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1018882029178.

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35

Davydov, S. V., V. N. Pavlenko, L. Stenflo, and J. Weiland. "Nonstationary parametric processes in a relativistic plasma beam." Physica Scripta 45, no. 3 (1992): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/45/3/009.

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36

Izquierdo, E. D., G. Barenboim, and A. O. Gattone. "Relativistic two-body processes in axial-charge transitions." Nuclear Physics A 609, no. 4 (1996): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00276-x.

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37

Kropotkin, A. P. "Relativistic electron transport processes associated with magnetospheric substorms." Radiation Measurements 26, no. 3 (1996): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4487(96)00009-1.

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38

Leinson, L. B., and A. Pérez. "Relativistic direct Urca processes in cooling neutron stars." Physics Letters B 518, no. 1-2 (2001): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)01042-5.

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39

Giona, M. "Relativistic Poisson-Kac processes and equilibrium Jüttner distribution." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 126, no. 5 (2019): 50001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/126/50001.

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40

Belmont, R., J. Malzac, and A. Marcowith. "Simulating radiation and kinetic processes in relativistic plasmas." Astronomy & Astrophysics 491, no. 2 (2008): 617–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200809982.

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41

Bañuelos, Rodrigo, Jebessa B. Mijena, and Erkan Nane. "Two-term trace estimates for relativistic stable processes." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 410, no. 2 (2014): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.09.015.

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42

Grigelionis, B. "On stochastic processes associated with relativistic stable distributions." Lithuanian Mathematical Journal 48, no. 1 (2008): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10986-008-0006-5.

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43

Tsudik, A. V., and A. V. Glushkov. "SPECTROSCOPY AND DYNAMICS OF NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN RELATIVISTIC BACKWARD-WAVE TUBE WITH ACCOUNTING FOR EFFECTS OF SPACE CHARGE, DISSIPATION AND WAVE REFLECTIONS." Photoelectronics, no. 30 (August 21, 2022): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/0235-2435.2021.30.262863.

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An effective universal, approach to solving the problems of quantitative modelling and analysis of the fundamental characteristics of spectroscopy and dynamics of the nonlinear processes in relativistic microwave electronics devices, in particular, a relativistic backward wave tube (RBWT) has been developed and implemented. It has been performed modelling, analysis, and prediction of chaotic dynamics of RBWT with simultaneous consideration of not only relativistic effects, but also the effects of dissipation, presence of space charge, wave reflections at the ends of the decelerating system, et

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44

Mazur, E. A. "Effects of Resonant Scattering of Channeling Particles with the Generation of Electron and Phonon Excitations." Поверхность. Рентгеновские, синхротронные и нейтронные исследования, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1028096023030093.

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The effects of resonant scattering of fast relativistic leptons directed at small angles relative to a selected crystallographic plane are considered. Simultaneously, the processes of radiation and generation of excitations in crystals by a collimated beam of channeled leptons entering a single crystal at small angles (both greater and less than the Lindhard angle \({{\theta }_{{\text{L}}}}\)) are considered from a unified point of view. The processes of Raman scattering of a monochromatic electromagnetic wave by channeled relativistic leptons (electrons, positrons), which experience the effec

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Asseo, Estelle. "Plasma Instabilities: Sources for Coherent Radio Emission." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 160 (1996): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100041312.

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AbstractThe mechanism for the generation of pulsar radio emission has not yet been identified. Several coherent emission processes, linked to the motion of relativistic particles in the extremely strong pulsar magnetic field, have been proposed as possible candidates. Essential improvements, based on fundamental concepts of plasma physics, prove that collective plasma effects can provide the necessary degree of coherence. Progress in the 1990s, which is reported here, relates to curvature maser emission processes and relativistic plasma emission mechanisms.

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Vyas, Ashish, Ram Kishor Singh, and R. P. Sharma. "Study of coexisting stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering at relativistic laser power." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 4 (2014): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000688.

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AbstractThis paper presents a model to study the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) simultaneously at relativistic laser power. At high intensity, the relativistic mass correction for the plasma electrons becomes significant and the plasma refractive index gets modified which leads to the relativistic self-focusing of the pump beam. This filamentation process affects the scattering processes (SRS and SBS) and at the same time the pump filamentation process also gets modified in the presence of the coexisting SRS and SBS due to the pump depletion. We hav

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47

Dattoli, Giuseppe, Emanuele Di Palma, Silvia Licciardi, and Elio Sabia. "Generalized Bessel Functions and Their Use in Bremsstrahlung and Multi-Photon Processes." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020159.

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The theory of Generalized Bessel Functions is reviewed and their application to various problems in the study of electro-magnetic processes is presented. We consider the cases of emission of bremsstrahlung radiation by ultra-relativistic electrons in linearly polarized undulators, including also exotic configurations, aimed at enhancing the harmonic content of the emitted radiation. The analysis is eventually extended to the generalization of the FEL pendulum equation to treat Free Electron Laser operating with multi-harmonic undulators. The paper aims at picking out those elements supporting

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Потапов, Александр, and Alexander Potapov. "Relativistic electrons of the outer radiation belt and methods of their forecast (review)." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 3, no. 1 (2017): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_58f9703837c248.84596315.

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The paper reviews studies of the dynamics of relativistic electrons in the geosynchronous region. It lists the physical processes that lead to the acceleration of electrons filling the outer radiation belt. As one of the space weather factors, high-energy electron fluxes pose a serious threat to the operation of satellite equipment in one of the most populated orbital regions. Necessity is emphasized for efforts to develop methods of forecasting the situation in this part of the magneto-sphere, possible predictors are listed, and their classifi-cation is given. An example of a predictive model

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Rieger, Frank M., and Peter Duffy. "Cosmic particle acceleration in astrophysical shear flows." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, no. 14 (2006): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307010034.

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AbstractShear flows are ubiquitous phenomena in astrophysical environments. In the present contribution the stochastic acceleration of energetic charged particles by Fermi-type processes in relativistic shear flows is considered. We briefly summarize recent theoretical progress in the field of viscous shear acceleration and indicate its significance for particle energization in relativistic flows of AGNs and GRBs.

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Ganse, Urs, Felix Spanier, and Rami Vainio. "Kinetic Simulations of Type II Radio Burst Emission Processes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S274 (2010): 470–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311007526.

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AbstractUsing a fully relativistic, 3D particle in cell code we have studied Langmuir- and electromagnetic wave processes in a CME foreshock plasma with counterstreaming electron beams. Langmuir wave excitation in resonance with the plasma frequency is observed, with timescales in accordance with theoretical predictions. However, no three wave interaction leading to emission of electromagnetic waves were detectable within the timeframe of our simulations.

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