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Книги з теми "Repeated problems"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 24 травня 2022

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1

Kenny, Sean P. Approximate analysis for repeated eigenvalue problems with applications to controls-structures integrated design. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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2

Thomas, Jonathan. Income fluctuation and asymmetric information: An example of a repeated principal-agent problem. University of Reading. Department of Economics, 1987.

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3

Thomas, Jonathan. Income fluctuation and asymmetric information: An example of a repeated principal-agent problem. University of Reading, 1987.

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4

Thomas, Jonathan. Income fluctuation and asymmetric information: An example of a repeated principal-agent problem. University of Reading Department of Economics, 1987.

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5

Repeat after me. M.A.C Printing & Publications, 1985.

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6

Black, Claudia. Repeat after me. M.A.C. Printing & Publications, 1985.

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7

Webster, A. J. Can a brief, three session intervention of play therapy help a school age child to explore feelings of being able to cope (or not) with the disruption of repeated hospital admissions caused by a chronic health problem? University of Surrey Roehampton, 2000.

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8

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Expressing the sense of the Congress that states should work more aggressively to attack the problem of violent crimes committed by repeat offenders and criminals serving abbreviated sentences: Report (to accompany H. Con. Res. 75). U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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9

Judiciary, United States Congress House Committee on the. Expressing the sense of the Congress that states should work more aggressively to attack the problem of violent crimes committed by repeat offenders and criminals serving abbreviated sentences: Report (to accompany H. Con. Res. 75). U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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10

Jan, Show-Li. Interdirection tests for repeated measures and one-sample multivariate location problems. 1991.

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11

Approximate analysis for repeated Eigenvalue problems with applications to controls-structures integrated design. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1994.

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12

Colin Duncan, W. Problems in early pregnancy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0032.

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One in three women will present with problems, usually bleeding and/or pain, in early pregnancy prior to their planned maternity booking appointment at the end of the first trimester. The mainstay of investigation is pelvic ultrasonography. However, often the diagnosis is not clear and further ultrasound scans or repeated measurements of serum human chorionic gonadotropin concentrations are required. Most women with bleeding in early pregnancy will have an ongoing pregnancy and can be reassured. However, around 15% of pregnancies will miscarry in the first trimester. Management of miscarriage

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13

Schmitt, Stéphane. Serial Homology as a Challenge to Evolutionary Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199377176.003.0011.

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The problem of the repeated parts of organisms was at the center of the biological sciences as early as the first decades of the 19th century. Some concepts and theories (e.g., serial homology, unity of plan, or colonial theory) introduced in order to explain the similarity as well as the differences between the repeated structures of an organism were reused throughout the 19th and the 20th century, in spite of the fundamental changes during this long period that saw the diffusion of the evolutionary theory, the rise of experimental approaches, and the emergence of new fields and disciplines.

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14

Partridge, Brad, and Wayne Hall. Concussion, neuroethics, and sport: Policies of the past do not suffice for the future. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0026.

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Concussion management policies have become a major priority worldwide for sports that involve frequent collisions between participants because repeated head trauma has been associated with long-term cognitive impairments, mental health problems, and some forms of neurological degeneration. A number of concussion management policies have been developed by professional bodies and subsequently adopted by various sporting leagues. These have offered little guidance on how to navigate ethical issues in identifying and managing concussion. This chapter discusses ethical issues that arise in the diag

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15

La Caze, Adam. Frequentism. Edited by Alan Hájek and Christopher Hitchcock. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607617.013.17.

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This chapter introduces the key frequentist interpretation of probability as developed by Venn, von Mises and Reichenbach. Frequentists identify probabilities with frequencies; but there are problems with this identification. Finite frequentism is beset with problems, including the problem of the single case. Hypothetical frequentism, identifying probability with limiting relative frequencies in infinitely repeated trials, provides a response to the problems of finite frequentism and is consistent with the interpretation of probability in many areas of science. But identifying probability with

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16

Bowles, Samuel, and Herbert Gintis. The Evolutionary Basis of Collective Action. Edited by Donald A. Wittman and Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0053.

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This article discusses two problems in the study of political behaviours that support collective action. It reviews recent behavioural experiments documenting the variety and extent of these so called social preferences, as well as the manner in which the existence of individuals — even a minority — can affect group behaviour dramatically. This article shows that repeated interactions and kin-based altruism do not provide an adequate account of the forms of cooperation detected in natural and experimental settings.

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17

Larson, Rhett B. Just Add Water. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190948009.001.0001.

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Scientists have long been searching for a unified field theory—one answer to all of the questions about the physical universe. In Just Add Water: Solving the World’s Problems Using Its Most Precious Resource, I take a similar approach to social policy questions. What if we could find a unified social policy theory—the answer to every question, from how to prevent war to how to promote gender equality? Nearly all of our most serious global challenges are complex, multifaceted “wicked problems.” But perhaps the first step in solving wicked problems as seemingly distinct as racism and disease epi

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18

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Difficult eating behaviour in the young child. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0016.

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Appetite 114Common feeding problems in 1–5 year olds 116How to increase energy intake 117Food refusal is common in early life. During the first year infants will try food because they are hungry, or because they are using their mouths to explore the environment. Later on, there has to be motivation to try new foods, and this usually comes from imitation of other people eating. In early childhood it is the presentation of safe and socially appropriate foods and their repeated ingestion that leads to them being liked....

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19

Brunsson, Nils. Organizational Reforms as Routines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198296706.003.0005.

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This chapter argues that organizational reforms are driven by problems to be addressed, by solutions to be applied, and by forgetfulness. The greater the supply of any of these factors, the more likely it is that reforms will occur. Without problems, reforms are difficult to justify; without solutions they cannot be formulated; and without forgetfulness there is a risk that people will be discouraged by the fact that similar reforms have been tried and have failed in the past. In contemporary large organizations, problems tend to be easily found. Those interested in selling solutions often try

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20

Mody, Ashoka. Three Leaps in the Dark, 1950–1982. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199351381.003.0002.

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This chapter describes the evolution of Europe's monetary union as a French initiative motivated by goal of achieving monetary and economic parity with Germany. The Schuman Declaration in 1950 brought European nations together in a spirit of reconciliation and laid the preparatory basis for post-War Europe. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome enabled the flowering of the European community—which, by the mid-1960s, had completed its primary task of establishing an institutional framework for cooperative coexistence and, by opening trade borders, had enhanced the material capabilities of the nation stat

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21

Golan, Amos. Rational Inference. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199349524.003.0002.

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In this chapter I present arguments for the use of info-metrics as a fundamental framework for rational inference. The chapter consists of two interdependent parts. In the first I provide the framework for rational inference, which involves the use of a specific decision function to achieve the desired inference. In the second part I summarize four sets of axioms to justify the decision function argued for in the first part. All axioms lead to the same decision function: the entropy function of Boltzmann, Gibbs, and Shannon. In this chapter I emphasize underdetermined problems and problems of

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22

Why the Navy Act should be repealed: Imperial problems. s.n., 1994.

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23

Pontes Filho, Raimundo Pereira. Desafios à segurança pública no Brasil. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-169-1.

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The problems and themes dealt with in the course of this work constitute repeated challenges to public security in Brazil. There are several others, no doubt, but here is a simple sample of the main ones. The urgent need to review the concept and the model put into practice, predominantly, as a public security paradigm in Brazilian society is evident. It is a demanding task, it requires considerable effort, however, it is essential to the perspectives of life in society in the country, under penalty of making the social reality increasingly dramatic and violent. In this sense, without pretendi

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24

Olds, David D., and Fredric N. Busch. Psychotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199326075.003.0017.

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The psychoanalytic psychotherapies, which include brief psychodynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy, transference focused psychotherapy, mentalization based treatment, and panic focused psychodynamic psychotherapy, are based on the underlying theory that symptoms stem from unconscious traumatic memories or conflicts about sexual and aggressive wishes as well as maladaptive or self-destructive behavior patterns that are unconsciously repeated. The cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies, which include cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior the

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25

Macartney, Huw. The Bank Culture Debate. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843764.001.0001.

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Following the global financial crisis and repeated scandals, US and UK state managers made substantial efforts to reform the culture of their banking sectors. This book argues though that they focused on an extremely narrow definition of bank culture. They did so for two reasons: firstly, because the structural pressures of financialization—which are a far more important driver of the problematic features of bank culture in Anglo-America—are harder to remedy; but secondly, state managers also used their bank culture response to tackle a legitimacy crisis facing their institutions of government

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26

Sakauye, Kenneth, and James E. Nininger. Trauma in Late Life. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0009.

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This chapter focuses on the prevalence of trauma exposure and posttraumatic problems in the elderly and reviews information on resilience and suggested treatment approaches. While posttraumatic stress disorder in the elderly has been studied, less is known about other common trauma- and stressor-related disorders including adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, and traumatic grief. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition) defines trauma as “exposure or actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.” It must be directly experienced, witness

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27

Freitag, Lisa. Competence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491789.003.0006.

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Parents caring for children with special health care needs or long-term disabilities are called to a new level of competence as medical caregivers, often as soon as the child is discharged from the hospital. There is no accepted measure for success with this task, though failure can be met with repeated hospitalization or removal of the child from the home. This chapter evaluates, through parent narratives, how parents obtain and view their competence. Some parents perform in-depth research into their child’s medical problems and achieve a surprisingly high level of knowledge. This is often di

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28

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. Brain Death. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190662493.001.0001.

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The core of the text of this book combines the theory and practice of determining brain death. The history and development of clinical criteria of brain death is revisited. The complex neurological evaluation and its pitfalls are discussed in great detail. Moreover, the many facets of brain death determination as well as its communication to family members are examined. These include cultures beliefs, bioethical problems, discussion with family members, and many of the issues associated with organ procurement. The process of organ procurement, which is separate from brain death determination,

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29

Williams, Neil E. The Powers Metaphysic. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833574.001.0001.

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Systematic metaphysics is defined by its task of solving metaphysical problems through the repeated application of a single, fundamental ontology. The dominant contemporary metaphysic is that of neo-Humeanism, built on a static ontology typified by its rejection of basic causal and modal features. This book offers and develops a radically distinct metaphysic, one that turns the status quo on its head. Starting with a foundational ontology of inherently causal properties known as ‘powers’, a metaphysic is developed that appeals to powers in explanations of causation, persistence, laws, and moda

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30

Adleyba, Dzhulyetta. The stylistic and poetical-compositional system of a fairy tale. Volume 1 : Oral stylistic foundations of a fairy tale. Experimental study on the Abkhaz material. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1473.978-5-317-06459-4_v1.

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In the present edition “The stylistic and poetical-compositional system of a fairy tale” in 2 volumes, the author's works in the field of the study of the stylistic system of a fairy tale, carried out within the framework of an experimental direction in folklore studies, are combined. The study of the problem in this direction was undertaken by the author on the initiative of the outstanding scientist V.M. Gatsak, Doctor of Philology, Corresponding Member RAS, and was conducted over a number of years. The monograph “Oral stylistic foundations of a fairy tale. Experimental study on the abkhaz m

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31

Black, Claudia. Repeat After Me. Mac Publishing, 1991.

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32

Repeat After Me. 2nd ed. Mac Publishing, 1995.

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33

Moore, Scott M. Subnational Hydropolitics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864101.001.0001.

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The prospect of international conflict over water has long been the subject of academic and popular concern, but subnational political conflict is considerably more common, and almost certainly imposes greater economic and environmental costs. Indeed, subnational hydropolitics are an important feature of several large countries, including the United States, India, and China. Moreover, disputes between water users in shared river basins have often persisted despite repeated attempts by central governments to resolve them through both persuasion and coercion. Yet despite the growing threat of wa

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34

Koch, Susanne, and Peter Weingart. The Delusion of Knowledge Transfer: The Impact of Foreign Aid Experts on Policy-making in South Africa and Tanzania. African Minds, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331391.

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With the rise of the knowledge for development paradigm, expert advice has become a prime instrument of foreign aid. At the same time, it has been object of repeated criticism: the chronic failure of technical assistance a notion under which advice is commonly subsumed has been documented in a host of studies. Nonetheless, international organisations continue to send advisors, promising to increase the effectiveness of expert support if their technocratic recommendations are taken up. This book reveals fundamental problems of expert advice in the context of aid that concern issues of power and

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35

Revesz, Richard, and Jack Lienke. Struggling for Air. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190233112.001.0001.

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Since the beginning of the Obama Administration, conservative politicians have railed against the President's "War on Coal." As evidence of this supposed siege, they point to a series of rules issued by the Environmental Protection Agency that aim to slash air pollution from the nation's power sector . Because coal produces far more pollution than any other major energy source, these rules are expected to further reduce its already shrinking share of the electricity market in favor of cleaner options like natural gas and solar power. But the EPA's policies are hardly the "unprecedented regulat

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36

Curwen, Tracey. Differentiating children with and without a history of repeated problematic sexual behaviours following adult reprimand. 2007.

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37

Kolenda, Christopher D. Zero-Sum Victory. University Press of Kentucky, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813152769.001.0001.

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Why have the major post-9/11 US military interventions turned into quagmires? Despite huge power imbalances in the United States' favor, significant capacity-building efforts, and repeated tactical victories by what many observers call the world's best military, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq turned intractable. The US government's fixation on zero-sum, decisive victory in these conflicts is a key reason why military operations to overthrow two developing-world regimes failed to successfully achieve favorable and durable outcomes. In Zero-Sum Victory, retired US Army colonel Christopher D. K

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38

Roberts, Julian V., and Jan W. de Keijser. Sentencing the Multiple-Conviction Offender. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607609.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on the punishment of offenders sentenced for multiple offenses that have not been separated by independent prosecution and sentencing. Most scholars believe that the striking discrepancy between sentences imposed on multiple and repeat offenders cannot be justified in terms of retributivism. The existing solutions to the overpunishment of offenders convicted of multiple crimes invoke concurrent sentencing or the exercise of mercy by a sentencing court. Both approaches mitigate excessive punishment, but also create a number of problems. This chapter first considers the natu

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39

Vanderschraaf, Peter. A Limited Leviathan. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199832194.003.0006.

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The state social contract relationship between rulers and the ruled in civil society is fruitfully understood as a governing convention. This relationship is modeled with an indefinitely repeated Humean Sovereignty game, where subjects and their sovereign maintain a governing convention by respectively obeying and providing adequate government. The ruled and their rulers maintain an implicit contract that is self-enforcing rather than an explicit contract requiring third-party enforcement. This model is motivated by the Trust problem in game theory and dynamic programming models of employment

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40

Repeat After Me: A Workbook for Adult Children Overcoming Dysfunctional Family Systems. Central Recovery Press, 2018.

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41

Miyazaki, Hirokazu. Gifts and Exchange. Edited by Dan Hicks and Mary C. Beaudry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199218714.013.0010.

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A gift contains within itself a part of its giver: ‘to make a gift of something to someone is to make a present of some part of oneself’. This article traces the trajectories of debates in socio-cultural anthropology that have stemmed from Mauss' solution to the problem of reciprocity, with a view to stepping outside these trajectories. The first half of this article seeks to demonstrate that the succession of debates following Mauss' essay consists of repeated attempts to rework the relationship between Mauss' original problem and solution. This article draws upon the ideas of the French soci

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42

Kurtz, Suzanne M., and Lara J. Cooke. Learner-centred communication training. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0011.

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This chapter provides an overview of core principles and key strategies for teaching communication skills using a learner-centred approach. Goals of communication teaching are summarized. Attitudes are important to be developed as a foundation to the masterful use of skills crossing several different communication issues. Communication should focus on mutual understanding. Effective strategies for teaching communication include experiential, learner-centred small-group work that uses observation, feedback, and repeated practice. The Calgary–Cambridge Model is used as an example of a skills-bas

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43

Ludwig, Kirk. Status Functions and Conventions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789994.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 argues first that the assignment of a status function to an object or type of object for use on repeated occasions constitutes a convention. The relevant notion of convention is that of collective acceptance by a group of a solution to a coordination problem. This is contrasted with David Lewis’s account of convention. Next, it provides an analysis of collective acceptance as a matter of members of a group having either appropriately interlocking we-intentions directed at particular objects or appropriately interlocking conditional we-intentions directed at objects or types of object

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44

Wise, Elspeth. Primary care presentation. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0015.

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For many patients their first presentation to a medical professional with a musculoskeletal complaint is in a primary care setting. They may have as little as 10 minutes to explain their problem, be examined, and have a management plan determined. Quite commonly the musculoskeletal problem may present as an aside—by the way doctor, while I'm here'. All of this presents a challenge to the assessing primary care physician, who may have had little specific training for what makes up a large part of their workload. What training they have had may be inappropriate for their day-to-day job, as it is

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45

Cicchetti, Dante, and Fred A. Rogosch. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Substance Use. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0002.

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In this chapter, a developmental psychopathology conceptualization of child maltreatment is presented as an overarching heuristic with relevance for understanding the development of alcohol and substance use and abuse. This chapter also provides illustrations from research on how child maltreatment contributes to problem substance use in adolescence. Child maltreatment represents an extreme failure of the caregiving environment to provide many of the expectable experiences necessary to facilitate normal developmental processes. Maltreatment ushers in a probabilistic epigenesis for children cha

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46

Thöni, Christian. Trust and Cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630782.003.0009.

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Most of the empirical research on the role of trust as a determinant for economic prosperity relies on survey measured indicators for trust. In this chapter I discuss a number of studies providing micro-foundations of the link between survey measured trust and cooperative behavior in controlled experiments. The results suggest that the most frequently used survey item on trust correlates with a preference for making the trusting move. In contrast, a survey item on fairness is a strong predictor for a person's expectations about the other's trustworthiness. Applied to a cross-cultural perspecti

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47

Hofer-Robinson, Joanna. Dickens and Demolition. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474420983.001.0001.

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Dickens and Demolition is the first study to trace and measure the material impact of Charles Dickens’s fiction in London’s built environment. The book analyses debates surrounding large-scale metropolitan demolitions, modernisation or reform projects in the mid-nineteenth century and tracks a Dickensian vocabulary in these discussions across multiple media and fora, including written commentaries, parliamentary debates, theatre and the visual arts. It argues that tropes, characters and extracts from his fiction were repeatedly remediated to articulate and negotiate contemporary anxieties abou

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48

Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wall-Paper and Other Stories. Edited by Robert Shulman. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199538843.001.0001.

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Charlotte Perkins Gilman was America's leading feminist intellectual of the early twentieth century. The Yellow Wall-Paper and Other Stories makes available the fullest selection of her short fiction ever printed. In addition to her pioneering masterpiece, ‘The Yellow Wall-Paper’ (1890), which draws on her own experience of depression and insanity, this edition features her Impress ‘story studies’, works in the manner of writers such as James, Twain, and Kipling. These stories, together with other fiction from her neglected California period (1890-5), throw new light on Gilman as a practitione

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Stachowska-Pietka, Joanna, Jacek Waniewski, and Bengt Lindholm. Peritoneal dialysis. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0264.

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The principles of peritoneal dialysis are based on the physiological processes and their driving forces which permit the exchange of water (by ultrafiltration and fluid absorption) and solutes (by diffusion and convective transport) between the peritoneal microvasculature and the dialysate. In peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneal transport system—mesenchymal cells, interstitium, microvasculature, and lymphatics—is repeatedly exposed to high concentrations of an osmotic agent, and a volume load, leading to increased intraperitoneal hydrostatic and osmotic pressure. This results in immediate as w

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Tobin, Martin J. Assessment and technique of weaning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0102.

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Several studies suggest that most patients weaned successfully could have tolerated the weaning attempts had they been initiated a day or so earlier. Such data emphasize the need for the early use of screening tests. A screening test should have a high sensitivity. The ratio of respiratory frequency to tidal volume has been evaluated in more than 25 studies and its average sensitivity is 0.89. Weaning involves undertaking three diagnostic tests in sequence, measuring predictors, a weaning trial, and a trial of extubation. Of the techniques used for a weaning trial, intermittent mandatory venti

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