Дисертації з теми "Représentation mentale – Aspect physiologique"
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Li, Tianyi. "Vision, mutlisensory integration and aging in an integrated computational model of spatial memory." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS612.
An ever growing body of neuroscientific data is becoming available from various animal species, including humans, due to technological advances in capturing brain signals and behavior linked with them. These increasing amounts of data, together with an unprecedented power and memory capacity of present day computers calls for large scale computational models with the objective of unifying, storing and analysing these data. Moreover, such models allow crosslinking computational studies from various domains and in various levels of neural hierarchy to provide a deeper understanding of neuronal mechanisms underlying various cognitive phenomena and their link with behavior. The objective of this thesis is to develop an integrated model of human behavior in the context of spatial orientation and its deterioration with age. The problem of spatial cognition is considered as a problem of combining external sensory cues coming from the environment and internal sensory cues coming from self-motion information, with the objective to build a mental representation of surrounding space. A large body of experimental research suggests that this representation is constructed within an intricate network of brain areas residing in the medial temporal lobe, with external sensory input arriving via a ``dorsal'' visual path originating in early visual areas and passing via the parietal cortex. Aging has been shown to strongly affect medial temporal lobe networks and associated memory-based behaviors, and in particular the creation of mental representations of space. In this thesis we develop an integrated neural network model of spatial memory by based on anatomical and functional experimental evidence of sensory information processing in the dorsal visual path and medial temporal lobe networks. We use this model to simulate a number of experiments linking human visual functions with spatial orientation behaviors, and propose how visual cues are combined with self-motion input during the construction of mental maps of space. We then test the hypothesis that aging exerts its deteriorating effects on spatial memory via acting on neuromodulatory action in the brain and is linked with reduced novelty processing in the medial temporal lobe. Overall, the work performed during this doctoral thesis provides a first step towards building an integrated computer platform for human behavior simulation and contributes to a better understanding of how spatial representations are built from sensory signals and are affected by aging
Watier, Christian. "Caractéristiques de la représentation mentale dans une tâche d'identification absolue." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/63872.
Parent, Mark, and Mark Parent. "Diagnosticité des mesures physiologiques périphériques de la charge mentale." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33770.
La charge mentale est un concept très utile dans les domaines dont l’objet d’étude et d’analyse est le travail et la performance humaine. Typiquement, la charge mentale est mesurée à l’aide des mesures subjectives (c.-à-d. des questionnaires) ou par des mesures comportementales (c.-à-d. les actions des individus). La charge mentale peut également être mesurée à l’aide de l’activité physiologique périphérique (p.ex. l’activité cardiaque). Il est cependant difficile de déterminer la source de la charge mentale à l’aide des mesures physiologiques périphérique. En effet, les sous-dimensions de la charge mentale, comme l’exigence, l’effort, le stress et la fatigue, provoquent souvent des manifestations physiologiques similaires. En plus de cette problématique, les mesures physiologiques de la charge mentale sont trop souvent étudiées dans des contextes de laboratoire et trop rarement étudiées dans des milieux de travail réels. Il est donc crucial d’investiguer leur potentiel dans des contextes réels. Cette thèse vise donc à investiguer le potentiel diagnostique (le potentiel à déterminer la source) des mesures physiologiques périphériques de la charge mentale. Pour y arriver, une méthode combinant l’approches cognitive traditionnelle et l’apprentissage automatique est utilisée. La thèse rapporte les résultats de deux expériences : une première menée en contexte de laboratoire et une seconde menée dans une simulation de commandement et contrôle reproduisant un milieu de travail réel. Les résultats montrent que les mesures physiologiques périphériques peuvent prédire, avec une bonne précision, la sousdimension qui est à l’origine de la charge mentale en contexte de tâche simple. Bien que moins précise, il reste possible de faire cette prédiction dans des contextes de tâche réelle. Dans l’ensemble, cette thèse apporte plusieurs contributions essentielles afin de rendre possible les mesures physiologiques périphériques de la charge mentale dans les milieux de travail réels.
Mental workload stands out as a key concept as soon as human work and human performance is discussed. Mental workload is often measured using subjective questionnaires or behavioral cues. Peripheral physiological measures (e.g. heart rate) can also be used to measure workload. However, it is particularly difficult to determine the source of workload using peripheral physiological measures. Sub-divisions of mental workload, such as task load, mental effort, stress and fatigue, often trigger similar physiological reactions, blurring the diagnostic potential of physiological measures. Furthermore, physiological measures are too often investigated in laboratory settings, making it hazardous to determine their performance in real world settings. This thesis aims at investigating the diagnostic potential of peripheral physiological measures. A mixed methodology, combining traditional cognitive approach as well as machine learning techniques, is used. This thesis presents results of both a laboratory setting experimental as well as an ecological command and control simulation. Results show that peripheral measures can be used to predict, with high accuracy, the source of workload in laboratory settings. While not as accurate, results also show that it is possible to perform a diagnostic measure of workload in an ecological work simulation. This thesis contribute to improve the potential of peripheral physiological measures in real work settings.
Mental workload stands out as a key concept as soon as human work and human performance is discussed. Mental workload is often measured using subjective questionnaires or behavioral cues. Peripheral physiological measures (e.g. heart rate) can also be used to measure workload. However, it is particularly difficult to determine the source of workload using peripheral physiological measures. Sub-divisions of mental workload, such as task load, mental effort, stress and fatigue, often trigger similar physiological reactions, blurring the diagnostic potential of physiological measures. Furthermore, physiological measures are too often investigated in laboratory settings, making it hazardous to determine their performance in real world settings. This thesis aims at investigating the diagnostic potential of peripheral physiological measures. A mixed methodology, combining traditional cognitive approach as well as machine learning techniques, is used. This thesis presents results of both a laboratory setting experimental as well as an ecological command and control simulation. Results show that peripheral measures can be used to predict, with high accuracy, the source of workload in laboratory settings. While not as accurate, results also show that it is possible to perform a diagnostic measure of workload in an ecological work simulation. This thesis contribute to improve the potential of peripheral physiological measures in real work settings.
Lacroix, Natasha. "Elaboration et organisation macrostructurales lors du traitement de textes documentaires." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT5006.
This study iwas designed to investigate the mecanisms of macrostructural construction when readin documentary texts. We consider two levels in the macrostructural processing : the macrostructural drawing-up level (selection of information), the macrostructural organization level (ideas structuring). We used a method that could account for the buildings producted at the 2 levels. The experiments produced aim at studing the effect of textuel and conceptual factors on macrostructural construction in a particular situation of reading : the hypertext reading. The results show that the macrostructural construction is more of less constraint according to the facilitation degree of drawing-up and-or organisation level. It seems that the macrostuctural studying can be understood considering the two levels. These levels were independant or interractive according to the reading situation
Palomèque, Christina. "Didactique de l'espagnol dans l'enseignement supérieur : analyse d'un dispositif et évaluation des résultats : l'enseignement/apprentissage entre déterminisme et liberté." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12015.
What are the means that need be put in place for the leaming of Spanish for beginner adults in higher education who receive 12, 15 or 20 hours of face-to-face teaching and who will be evaluated at a B2 level of the Common European Framework of Referencefor Languages ? Within the field of Education Sciences, our approach provides a novel insight into knowledge domains and related disciplines that contribute to the empirical dimensions of the dldactIc sItuatIon. The ensuing theoretical joumey of integrating language lessons into an anthropologIcal. perspectIve, fed by phllosophlcal and neurological science principles, opens up the posslblhtIes for pragmatlc practlces. These include the construction of a language "theory" with empirical aims that incorporates a "probabilist model" of the theory. ln so doing, it constitutes a model of reference for leamers / teachers wanting to establish identifiable strategies for actors in the didactic situation. The linguistic dimension of our research is based on the hypothesis that personal meaning produced by a locutor is an integral part of the individual' s vital Space-Time experience. Based on this common vital experience, we put forward a didactic framework, we cali LA.S.T.R.A.S. (LAnguage, Space, Time, Representation, Autonomy, Strategy). The three initial sequences of LA.S.T.R.A.S. set up the link between the new conventions of a foreign language and its target contexts. Our study evaluated this framework. ln encouraging the construction of foreign language leaming, leamers are offered an explicit representation of constraints that constitutes the knowledge domain they seek to acquire in an authentic awareness of their essential freedom as locutors. This "existential paradox of language production" is a lived situation within an institution concemed with the "knowledge domain of living languages"
Grasso, Francesco. "La représentation de l'enfant handicapé : clinique du suivi des enfants handicapés et approfondissement théorique du concept de représentation." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070066.
This work is based on different studies, psychoanalytical and not, to demonstrate that the parental representations of his handicapped child, concerning a similar traumatic experience, regard the functioning of different levels of mental Systems, the hierarchical organization of mind and the social significance of handicap. The complexity of the relation between the parents and their children depends on many types of psychic representations that need "to follow" in clinical practice. First chapter: the phenomenological aspects of handicap (evaluation and classification, social and politic values, legislative references) and clinic aspects (parental, familial and couple topics) Second chapter - three sections a) The structural theories of the mind and the multiplicity of representational systems in the humans (and in the complex animals) b)Comparing the development of human and animal behavioural systems. The effects of the child's impairments on parental representational systems. The author discuss the observations regarding the phylogenetic level by the ethological studies and the ontogenetic level, by a critical revision of the Bowlby's Attachment Theory. C)the synthesis of theoretic and clinics aspects presented on the other two sections of this chapter by an explanatory hypothesis of the traumatic parenthood experience of the birth of an handicapped child. Third Chapter The concept of parenthood in handicap experience. The analysis of parents' psychic representations explained by clinical histories of the infants and parents
Quintana, Marie-Pilar. "Influence des forces de connexion causale sur la construction d'une représentation en mémoire sous forme de réseau : étude de la nécessité et de la suffisance." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/quintana_mp.
The studies presented here focus on the nature of mental representations individuals construct during narrative reading, as well as on the influence of causal strngths differences on the construction of those representations and on the storage and retrieval of information contained in those representations. As a matter of fact, we consider text comprehension as a problem solving task. To understand a text requires to indentify the relations beween text units as well as the ones between the text and the reader's knowledge. A text is then perceived and represented in memory as a coherent structure using the causal reasoning. Our studies allowed us to evidence for the psychological pertinence of the representation of the narrative causal structure as a network in which multiple connections are allowed towards one text unit. On another hand, we evidenced that the strength and the nature of a causal relation depend on the philosophical critera of necessity and sufficiency, in the circumstances, of the cause for its consequence. Moreover, the causal strengh (mainly determined by sufficiency) prevails on the number of connections an event has with others. At last, we showed the influence of sufficiency on the generation of forward causal inferences as well as the influence of distance between statements in the text surface structure on the cognitive representation of causal events varying according to their connection strength. Thus, the reader uses his knowledge and his causal reasoning to construct a coherent representation of textual information as a network
Tartari, Manuela. "Les representations du corps dans la pratique funeraire de cremation, de l'antiquite au monde moderne." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0083.
This work deals with the modifications in the images of the body during the funeral rite of cremation, all along the centuries from the ancient times to nowadays. It is studied starting from the indian pattern certified by the veda, it is explored in the ancient greek world, it is seen through the primitive christian wooden metaphors, and through the alchemy ones, till the illusions of positivism. The starting point is a research on the recent motivation of the cremation choice, which has given the evidence of the re-proposal of the 19th century cremation, being a secular and modern rite. This work wants to explore the two main images of the body, which are playing a basic role in the western funeral rite, concise named: the mirror body and the prison body
Taschereau-Dumouchel, Vincent. "Les fondements génétiques de la représentation des actions d'autrui." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26551.
Many questions were raised by the discovery of the mirror neuron system (MNS), a neural system involves in the transformation of visual representations of action into fined-grained changes in the motor system during action observation. Notably, how does this system acquire this property and what is its function? Contemporary perspectives propose that the MNS might be regulated both by genetics and associative learning in order to facilitate higher-order social cognitive processes, such as empathy. Although, so far, no genetic variant was directly or indirectly associated to the development or to the function of this system. This dissertation aims at determining the influence of a specific genetic variant, the polymorphism Val66Met of the Brain-derived Neurotrophic factor (BDNF), on the activity and the function of the system. This genetic variant has previously been associated to motor learning and to visuomotor adaptation in regions of the mirror system. The results indicate that the BDNF val66Met polymorphism influences the response of the MNS during action observation. More precisely, this effect might be confered throught the action of the polymorphism on visuomotor associative learning (Article 1). Moreover, the results indicate an association between this polymorphism and self-reported empathy that cannot be explained by two other genetic variants commonly associated with this measure (Article 2). These observations led to the propostion of a new psychophysical conceptualisation of the effect of genetic variants in genetic neuroimaging that could facilitate the study of the complex gene-by-gene and gene-by-environement interactions in the field (Article 3). These results represent the first empirical evidence suggesting an influence of a specific genetic variant on the activity and function of the MNS. Our results do not indicate a direct link between the MNS and self-reported empathy, but indicate independent influences of the BDNF Val66Met on both phenotypes. This scientific contribution furthers our understanding of the mirror neuron system, a system widely studied for its role in psychopathologies linked to social cognitive symptoms such as schizophrenia.
Dompnier, Lucille. "Le jugement de qualité d'un objet manufacturé : le réseau conceptuel sous-jacent." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5013.
Quality has become an absolute necessity for a product's manufacture. Therefore, knowing what representation a person has of that quality has became an important goal. Conceptual representation of objects and of their properties is analyzable in semantic features. The theories known as "theory-based" theories (Ahn, 1998 ; Rehder & Hastie, 2001) postulate on the existence of a network of causal relations between features. The goal of our study is to highlight these causal relations for two objects (a car and a computer) in the context of quality judgment and to determine the effect of the knowledge of the participants on this network. Our results point out that the feature's nature determines its causal status and this feature's causal status determines its relief and its verbalization. The level of knowledge of the participants has an impact on the establishment of relations between features' values. The results are discussed using the models of "theory-based" theories
Le, Bigot Nathalie. "Élaboration de la représentation visuo-spatiale du texte pendant l'activité rédactionnelle : étude du souvenir de la localisation des mots." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Le-Bigot-Nathalie/2008-Le-Bigot-Nathalie-These.pdf.
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine construction of the visual spatial representation of the text during writing. To reach that end, memory for words location in text was measured. Studies were conducted in two phases : in the first phase, participants processed one page long text, and in the second phase participants had to locate some of the words contained in the text. Different conditions of text processing in the first phase were manipulated to measure the impact of such differences on location performances. Three issues were addressed : (1) to show that writers can access visual spatial representation of their text, (2) to analyse the nature of resources involved in the construction of the text representation supporting memory for words location, (3) to examine the kind of information that is involved in the construction of this representation. The main conclusion is that writers construct a visual spatial representation of their text when composing their text
Huet, Marie-Laurent. "Comprendre et mémoriser des textes d'action : rôle des représentations motrices chez les enfants lecteurs." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H068.
The purpose of this research is to show the multimodal and kinesthesic nature of representations and mental models that 9-10 year old readers build up when they must recall + action ; texts through words and movements. In the first experiment, we conclude that subjects use kinesthesic representations but the contents of the texts seem very important. In a second experiment, we test and validate the hypothesis of an automatic activation of kinesthesic representations when the subjects are confronted to a + script; text, and of an optionnal activation of these kinesthesic representations when the subjects must recall through movements an + unusual; text. Two variables seem to modulate this result: gender and gestural evocation level. In this second experiment, the reading time variations show that the perception of the task difficulty elicits a metacognitive control. These results are commented in the light of different theoretic fields concerning text comprehension, action and event memory, motor representation and visual and kinesthesic imagery
Tchokote, Emilie Clarisse. "Sujet confronté à une déficience motrice acquise à l'âge adulte au Cameroun : représentations du vécu et du devenir." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUEL007.
This work focuses on representation of living and become of subject with motor deficiency acquired at adulthood. To understand how the subject attributes meaning to his future state, it is necessary to focus on the supports he needs and uses to surpass the adversity in the process of resilience. This is a dynamic process influenced by a subtle and evolutionary equilibrium between protection and risk factors. (Anaut, 2005 ; Cyrulnik, 2002 ; Dyer et McGuinness, 1996 ; Manciaux, 2006). However, the overlap of the internal and external resources likely to predict the subject's resilient capacities can experience distortions depending on the quality of support given to the subject. Thus, we formulated the hypothesis that « the establishment of the process of resilience through the resources (internal and external) makes it possible to understand the process of representation of living and become of the subject with motor deficiency acquired at adulthood ». In this study we were interested on men who are lodged in CNRPH in Yaounde. The purposive sampling technique (Depelteau, 2000), was used to get fifteen subjects who took part in a semi-directive interview based on the clinical method of qualitative research. The results showed that the subjects mobilise their internal and external potentialities and use them to fight against the psychological disorder. But the « psychic scars » are observed because of the difference that exist in the quality of support brought by the microsystem, exosystem and the mesosystem. The meeting point with the motor deficiency peers considered as resilience tutors offers the possibility for the subjects to have area for affection, mutual aid, mutual solidarity, activities and words space. The cultural representations are used in an ambivalent manner (positive and negative) and which either favour and/or disfavour the search for internal equilibrium. These cultural representations orientate how the subject rebuilds identity feelings and influences positively and/or negatively the search for psychic equilibrium. Moreover, it arises that from the same factor supposed to protect the subject, the same variable can block and facilitate the use of the resilience process obliging the subject to manage the internal difference of the factor or between the factors. This management is a function of circumstances, the cognitive evaluation and the resources which he has during this period of his existence. It is necessary to put in place a therapeutic framework to reinforce the resources. But, these results deserve to be in-depth by varying the tools for data-collection through inferential techniques from a projective situation
Savy, Christine. "Comment des enfants de 5 à 11 ans dessinent ce qu'ils ont dans leur tête : leurs conceptions retrouvent-elles les modèles historiques ?" Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10075.
Brochet, Frédéric. "La dégustation : étude des représentations des objets chimiques dans le champ de la conscience." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28743.
Reilhac, Gilles. "Activation automatique des connaissances perceptives : une étude sur la couleur et la taille." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30027.
In this work we are defending the hypothesis of an automatic processing of the knowledge pertaining to the perceptual characteristics of an object in its absence. In order to eliminate any lower-level process, we do not concern ourselves with information that is directly visible within an object, but instead focus on perceptual knowledge that is latent in the semantic memory and could be triggered by the object. The two perceptual dimensions which are the subject of our study are colour and size while category is the non-perceptual dimension. We make use of black and white drawings of objects which appear on screen in their real-life sizes. These drawings are subjected to decisions relating to their category, real-life sizes and typical (unrevealed) colour. To begin with, the decisions relate to drawings shown in isolation. We then use the same drawings in several experiments following a priming procedure whereby we vary the SOA(Stimulus Onset Asynchrony). Finally, we manipulate the chromatic link between a referent and a distractor in a task of category matching. We obtain a facilitation for the task pertaining to category when the prime and target are of congruent colours which, in our opinion, implies an implicit treatment of the colour of the prime leading to a facilitation of the treatment of the target. We interpret this facilitation in terms of a diffusion of the triggering/activation mechanism within the semantic network. Moreover, we observe the interference of colour with the task of category matching, thereby reinforcing the results obtained in the priming paradigm. As regards size, the results obtained are analogous to those registered for colour
Martin-Lavaud, Virginie. "Présence et fonctions du monstre dans la vie psychique des enfants." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA131010.
This research relates to the presence and the functions of the monster in the psychic life of children from 6 to 11 years old, who engaged in a psychotherapy work. At first, it locates the monster in a historical and aesthetic dimension and examines after the statute of its representation. The questions treated concern the formal regression characteristic of dreams and the aesthetic methods of constructions of the monster by metamorphosis, deformation and “assemblage-collage”. In the second part are examined, starting from clinical situations, three introduction modes of the monster into the speech of the children : see monster, to be monster and to become monster. In the third part, four functions of the monster are developed : the apocalyptic function which relates to the unconscious's subjective truth, the phallic function which engages the sexuation, the topographic function who's builds limits, and the aesthetic function which organises the threatening and unknown
Grego, Fabien. "Fatigue et fonction cognitive lors d'exercices de longue durée : approche neurophysiologique et métabolique." Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0013.
The physiological effects of prolonged exercise of moderate intensity are well known. On the opposite, few studies have focused on the effects of matabolic and neurophysiological modifications on central nervous sustem working and on cognitive function. The aim of thie work was to test the hypthesis always suggested but rarely validated that the modification of the physiological state by prolonged exercise affect information processins afficiency. Ours results confirm, for duration's inferiors to one hour, the positive effects of exercise and validate the empiric idea observed experimentally of an alteration capacities of subjects for exercise duration exceeding 2 hours. Further studies, in particular in animal model, are necessary to evaluate the respective influence of certain cerebral neurotransmitters in cognitive fatigue processes
Ferrari, Vincent. "Perception dynamique au jeu d'échecs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10085.
Marot, Valérie. "Développement de l'organisation syntaxique du dessin chez l'enfant de 5 à 10 ans et l'adulte et sensibilité au contexte." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL021.
The syntactic level of drawing refers to the way the subject organizes the production of his/her movements. This organization may be described at a local level, which concerns the way in which a segment is traced (graphic rules), or at a global level, which corresponds to the order in which the units are drawn (graphic strategies). The aim of this thesis is to determine if some features are characteristic of syntactic organization at different ages, which would reflect a sequential development, or if major variability exists in graphic production according to contextual manipulations. Different tasks involving the copying of geometrical figures were submitted to children aged between 5 and 10 years old and to adults. The first study reveals the existence of three developmental steps in the use of graphic rules according to pattern complexity. The second experimental section studied the development of graphic strategies. One experiment, in which the subjects were asked to copy freely, indicates that strategy types are characteristic of different ages. Four priming studies and a study presenting a completion task were also conducted and reveal changes in the relationship between age and strategy type. Nevertheless, 6 year old children and adults modify their graphic behavior only if the task obliges them to do so. All our results suggests the necessity of integrating models which postulate the existence of a sequential development and those which insist on the impact of context. Finally, the last experimental section concerns the drawing behavior of dyslexic children. These children adhere less to graphic rules and present more planning difficulties than children of the same age who read normally
Robert, Christelle. "Étude des processus de base de la lecture : activation et inhibition dans la reconnaissance visuelle des mots." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21240.
The aim of this research is to study the effects of orthographic similarity between words in order to specify the processes of visual word recognition. The joint effects of neighbourhood and masked orthographic priming are studied in experiments 1, 2, 3a-d and 4a-b. The data from the lexical decision task are globally consistent with the predictions from simulations run with the interactive activation model (McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981). In addition, the effects of frequency and orthographic neighbourhood are studied in older adults in order to examine whether the processes of lexical activation and inhibition are modified with aging (experiments 5a-b and 6). As a whole, the interactive activation model is consistent with our results, which confirms the influence of activation and inhibition processes in visual word recognition
Groen, Saskia. "Les inférences émotionnelles dans la compréhension de texte." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30002.
Roman, Marie-Laure. "Le dessin d'enfant, un malentendu graphique ? : Logique de la représentation et processus de subjectivation." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30021.
In a psychotherapy, drawing pictures the sketch of an inconscious representation mobilised by the “trait unaire” (Lacan). The child, though successive tentative efforts, uses it to build up then unbuild the representations which fill him, and turn into dialectisation in the supposed request of the Other One. Through the effort of sense which he arouses, and the words that make him ask questions, drawing inscribes itself as the support of subversion that develops subjectivity. When the surrounding prove to be failing, the process of becoming a person is therefore adulterated. The child is then unable to symbolize the pictures which fill him as support oh the Other One's desire. The risle lies in the impossible dialectisation between the ideal ego and the ego ideal. Involved in transference processes the child reproduces what creates a stasis according to him, and which he can't integrate into though, therefore into language. From what has just been said, the treatment will be the place for starting again the process of becoming a subject. From the symptom to the “sinthome” (J. Lacan) the child thus the expression of his first thought of existence, he becomes his own author
Veyrac, Hélène. "Approche ergonomique des représentations de la tâche pour l'analyse d'utilisation de consignes dans des situations de travail à risques." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20046.
This ergonomics research deals with instructional manuals using in hazardous work situations. It focused on the aid involved by these instructions. Because instructions in work situations are both aid and obligation, they deal with prescribed task. Prescribed task and task representations were distinguished. Task representations are composed of two kinds of rules: "understood rules" and "self-generated rules". The former is what the operator understands of the prescribed task in the instructions; the latter is a kind of rules for which the operator cannot say the obligation for certain. A psychology task analysis of instruction using suggests the mental model of the instruction is supposed to be elaborated by perception and contextualisation and compared to task representations. In this way, a new task representation is generated. Observations on simulators and interviews of train drivers and railways points men of the French railways company the "Société nationale de chemins de fer français" were collected. The data were used to describe task representations, to show discrepancies between operators' rules and the prescribed rules, to contribute to the development of researches about the factors influencing when instructions will be read and to identify instructions effects in the new task representation generation. The results showed that experiences of work situations were not related with operators' knowledge and beliefs on task representations. Self-generated rules were depended on operators; discrepancies from the operator view were not always the real discrepancies. Compared to other studies, new operators' justifications about self-generated rules have been showed. Few instructions were used, although information needs existed. Operators attributed metacognitive factors of overconfidence to this fact. They complied with instructions without necessarily becoming aware of the effects of instructions using on their task representations
Pariollaud, Fanelly. "Verbes, agents et patients : questions de sémantique : étude de verbes de relations interpersonnelles." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5018.
The verb, excluded a long time from semantic research, is only recently considered as denoting an action-concept. This work aimed to study verbs under a semantic approach and to determine if a verb rapidly activates semantic knowledge of its patient and agent thematic roles. Action-concepts organization is questioned jointly with verbs processing by an experimental study of interpersonal verbs. Lexical decision task paradigm, used here, revealed an automatic activation of the priviledge -nonassociated - agent representation durgin verbs' on-line processing. Although a same methodology was used for the patients and agents, the results obtained were non identical : patient preferred representation had been only actived when strategic processes were engaged. So, if verb-agent link can be reasonably considered as purely semantic, the verb-patient one should be thought as being semantico-associative
Bellenger, Pascale. "L' erreur humaine : élaboration d'un modèle représentationnel des risques dans le secteur agroalimentaire." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN1548.
Boyer, Bruno. "La dénomination orale et écrite d'actions : comparaison avec la dénomination d'objets." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CLF20005.
Golhen, Eric. "Contribution à une approche anthropologique de la citoyenneté en formation alternée : le cas de groupes d'élèves de l'enseignement technologique agricole de niveau IV." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU1009.
The general subject of this thesis consists in the exploration of the relationships between a command to train future citizens, written in the systems of references of the curricula, and the knowledges of pupils registered in pedagogical and technological trainings in agriculture. This peculiar training form accentuates some contradictions. Though they are directly confronted to the reality of technology and to active forms of citizenship, the pupils involved in alternance training can't speak about it. The object of this thesis, after a study of the epistemological settlings of citizenship and technology, and an analysis of the talks of the pupils - will lead to the construction of an anthropological model of education, opening on different readings of alternance training. The present methodology gathers two studies : a quantitative one, based on questionnaires proposed twice to the same amount of pupils ; then a qualitative one, based on five meetings with groups of pupils registered in alternance trainings. The theorical background of the thesis is based, first, on studies about technology as part of the curricula and about citizenship at school. The final approach, towards mythology and hermeneutics, uses the researches of P. Ricoeur, J. Gagnepain, G. Durand, J. -P. Vernant and F. Lerbet-Séréni
Cometti, Dominique. "Evolution langagière des représentations de la danse : la différence garçons/filles à 10, 11 et 15 ans." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL026.
A three-dimensional organisation of dance representation was revealed in this study through speech analysis. The various ways of speaking about dance in terms of: "social image", "concept" and "activity" were found to differ according to age. There is a distinct boy/girl difference at 10 years old: girls emphasize the "activity" more. Eleven year old boys aren't hesitant to speak of dance style revealing identity concerns. Fifteen year olds debate about dance style yet conform to their gender stereotype. They prefer hip hop. One needs to consider the social logic of dance regarding masculine/feminine gender differentiation on the one hand, and the biological and cognitive logic concerning development on the other hand
Ammar, Wafa. "Processus des représentations de la formation continue dans les entreprises tunisiennes." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUEL428.
The objective of this work is to study the process that direct the representations of sustained training and the factors that are likely to make them develop either in executive or non-executives members, trained or untrained subjects in three types of enterprise that are national, international, or small and medium-sized firms. An analysis by means of interviews, questionnaires and cognitive maps allowed to highlight the differences among the representations of the different groupsof thepopulation (polydoxy with the trained and more positive represent ions with the untrained). Next to these results and at the level of enterprises, we notice the predominance of the "role" climate that seems to act as important factor in the representations process. In fact, though we notice a positive evolution of the representations for human relations training, it was ephemeral. Ohter factors, such as the psychological climate, training pratcices evaluation, and transfer difficulties have taken the same direction
De, Vincenzo Mario. "L’impossibilité de penser : du vide à la désertification psychique. Une étude psychanalytique sur les défauts de symbolisation." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7067.
This research discusses the phenomenon of the impossibility of thinking. We will study the various clinical and metapsychological models which have as purpose the unrepresentable and unrepresented states of mind in non-neurotic psychopathological constellations. The consideration of the obstacles of clinical practice when we deal with patients with weak representation capacity will lead us to consider the psychic void manifesting itself at certain impasse moments of the treatment in the light of certain psychogenetic and metapsychological hypotheses and models underlying them. These will allow us to understand the logic underlying the heterogeneity of the clinic of non-representation, and this, beyond the phenomenology and the specificities of each particular psychopathological constellation. The Freudian and post-Freudian theoretical contributions on the mental functioning of non-neurotic patients will constitute our common thread for the conceptualisation of a heuristic model allowing us to understand the defect of symbolisation and the impasses of subjectivation with which these patients suffer. The confrontation with destructivity and attacks on links, as typical phenomenons of this clinical practice, will lead us to understand the vicissitudes of the work of the negative and the failures of the primary symbolisation manifesting in the treatment as « blanks » of thought, blind repetitions, somatizations and symbolising discharges. The study of the metapsychology of representation and of non-representation will lead us to rethink the theory of technique and the adjustments of the setting that can allow the analytical couple access to unrepresented experiences. This research aims to understand the vicissitudes of the negative and the psychic figurability processes of the unrepresented states of mind, to rethink the clinical practice modalities that can mobilise the capacities of the creation of the form of this unthinkable that remains in the hollow of the subject as psychic void
Thierry, Alexandra. "Les effets des réseaux sur les représentations du cancer : étude auprès de patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50377-2005-1-1.pdf.
Abdourahamane, Rakia Moulay. "Contribution à l'étude du media exposition comme outil de prévention du SIDA : une analyse de cas au Niger." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0041.
The fight against the AIDS virus started 23 years ago. At the beginning this unknown virus mobilized a great many scientists in the industrial countries like no other. If certain African countries understood early on the threat of this virus, in others, it took almost 10 years for theirs governments to undergo a real prevention policy. Even though in Niger the government has officially made the fight against AIDS a priority, the epidemic keeps on spreading, resulting in a great many death but also in the feeling of shame and the rejection inflicted on the people infected. To analyse the failure of the different prevention campaigns, that were mainly based on explanatory exhibition, we conducted a study on the social and psychological representation of this disease among the young Nigerian population still in school. We have therefore been able to understand the level of general knowledge regarding the AIDS virus, and understand the obstacle induce by the lack of proper information on the disease of the general population. Based on these result we analysed the current exhibition to understand its strength and weakness. This enabled use to propose new ways of teaching and new materials of prevention more adapted to the specific knowledge and culture of the population of Niger. We have therefore defined different objectives and themes for exhibitions, but also different approaches which we think can be more affective and appropriate
Mazens, Karine. "Le changement conceptuel chez l'enfant. Etude developpementale des representations naives du son." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H009.
Conceptual change in the domain of physics, focusing on the phenomenon of sound is investigated in 6- to 10-year-old children. This research describes the organization of naive knowledge and three different theoretical conceptions are considered : ontological categories (keil and chi), knowledge in pieces (disessa) and naive theories (carey and vosniadou). Do children consider sound as made of matter or as being a process? do they assign material properties to sound such as substantiality, permanence and weight and/or do they know about the vibratory process? coherence of this knowledge is studied at different levels : within one property, between properties and between two different concepts belonging to the physical domain (sound and heat). 292 children were interviewed individually using small physical experiments, drawings and questions. For substantiality, four mental models constrained by two theories were shown. An investigation of the coherence between different properties showed a hierarchical organization. Weight and permanence properties were abandoned before the substantiality property. Children knew what was a vibration but without understanding the mechanism for sound. An investigation of sound and heat phenomena showed a similar organization for these two concepts. Children's naive knowledge is coherent and conceptual change is slow and gradual
Bouteloup, Margaux. "Céphalées primaires et variables individuelles : attachement, mentalisation et économie psychosomatique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC015.
According to World Health Organization, headaches are one of the first twenty causes of disability in the world and affect 15 % of the world population. A lot of psycho-medical researches have raised the links between headaches and depression, anxiety or stress (Lantéri-Minet et al., 2007). Psychosomatic theory considers migraine as a somatization which must be thought according to the general psychosomatic functioning of each person (Debray, 1997; Marty, 1951). In addition, some promising but general work on attachment theory in chronic pain and migraine show a correlation between attachement and perception/expression of pain doctor/patient relationship and the subject's commitment to care (Maunder, Hunter, 2008 ; Mistycki, Guédeney, 2007; Wearden, Lamberton, Crook, Walsh, 2005).Two researches with migraine patients at the Besançon Hospital were conducted: a quantitative study (N=101) and a quantitative-qualitative longidunal study (N=32).Our quantitative results highlight that migraine patients have a specific psychological profile, different from the general population on all indicators measured (anxiety, depression, stress, social support, psychological distress and alexithymia), and that is the same results that the symptomatology is chronic or episodic. A majority of patients have an insecure attachment profile and uncertain mentalization’s abilities. The case studies help to refine these results and to appreciate the place of migraine in the psychosomatic functioning of each person.The results lead us to propose a modeling of the evaluation of the place of migraine in the global psychosomatic functioning. This must be related to the inter-subjective, groupal and societal context in which the subject fits. This modeling will make it possible to propose the best therapeutic option to each patient, to arrive at an individualized care in case by case
Raibaud, Julia. "Décrire un dessin : approche développementale." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30039.
The objective of this work is to study the communication of drawing's spatial properties when verbally described by children from different age groups. The originality of this piece of work, in the wider international literature context, is the finalisation of the description : the child actually describes the drawing to the facilitator so that she can draw it herself. In order to communicate this space-related information, children accompany their speech with specific gestures. Our set of results prove that the simplification of the drawing leads to a diminution, and sometimes cancellation of gestures. Moreover, the vocabulary employed to describe the shape of the drawing tends to evolve according to the age. The youngest children name the different elements that pertain to the drawing without locating them in the space. One would think that these children haven't developed special concepts or the vocabulary attached to them yet. In contrast, from the age of 9 year old, children verbally express the actual spatial location of these elements. Whilst the way they phrase this location is still relatively incomplete, they are able to improve their performance when listening to correct phrasing. 7 years seems to be an intermediary age as some children perform as well as some of 5 years-old whilst others' performance is similar to those of 9-year old children
Malard, Lucile. "Evolution des facteurs psychosociaux au travail et de la santé mentale en période de crise économique dans les populations au travail en France et en Europe." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS036V.
Since 2008, the developed countries have had to face a severe economic crisis which could have affected psychosocial working conditions and mental health. The aim of this thesis was to assess the changes in psychosocial work factors and in mental health in the working populations in Europe and in France in times of the 2008 economic crisis, and to study whether these changes were different according to various subgroups of population.Data from European periodical cross-sectional surveys in 30 European countries in 2005 and 2010 (73496 employees) and a national prospective French survey in 2006 and 2010 (5600 workers) were used.Psychosocial work factors displayed mixed changes among European employees between 2005 and 2010, with both deteriorations and improvements, and worsened in France between 2006 and 2010, especially among women. Workers in the countries highly hit by the crisis, younger workers, low-skilled workers and public sector workers were more likely to be affected by these negative changes. No change in mental disorders was found in the French working population. Nevertheless, behaviours and indicators of mental health (alcohol use, smoking, sleep problems and self-reported health) worsened between 2006 and 2010, in particular among younger workers and workers with permanent contract.Prevention policies could be useful to reduce the deterioration of psychosocial working conditions and mental health especially among some subgroups of population most affected by this deterioration
Renau, Op't'Hoog Céline. "Influence de la dimension spatiale et des capacités mnésiques des lecteurs sur les processus de suppression et de réactivation d’informations textuelles." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20117/document.
The objective of this research is to study an aspect of comprehension text; the construction of the mental representation and the preservation of coherence, according to working memory capacities of the reader. To understand a text, the reader is brought to elaborate a mental representation of the situation evoked by this one (i.e., the model of situation). To this aim, the reader should put in relation the information in the course of treatment with those handled earlier and delete information became irrelevant to maintain the coherence of the meaning (Kintsch, 1998; Gernsbacher, 1990). Memorial skills are thus essential in the implementation of this coherence. Besides, this research of coherence should be made from several dimensions of the text, namely the spatiality, the temporality, the causality, and the emotion (Zwaan, Langston and Graesser, on 1995).Our first objective was to highlight the existence of the mechanism of suppression of the spatial information during the construction of the mental representation. For that purpose, we presented texts containing two spatial informations, one of this information was developed in a preferential way (the other one becoming irrelevant) and we made vary the quantity of textual data presented according to texts. This protocol allowed us to test the inhibition, and the suppression of this spatial information. To study the link between working memory capacities and the process of suppression, we used a test that evaluates the capacity of the working memory of the participants (i.e. Corsi’s blocks).Our second objective was to test in a more complete way the implementation of inhibition and suppression processes during reading of a text according to the type of presented information (relevant, irrelevant and incoherent with the story of the text).Obtained results allowed us to confirm the existence of a process of inhibition which intervenes for the incoherent information of a text, and a mechanism of suppression occurring for the irrelevant information. The inconsistent information seems to be inhibited at first, before definitively eliminated by the mental representation of the text. These two processes are necessary to the construction of a coherent model of situation of a text
Coriano, Melissa. "Étude descriptive de la mentalisation chez les personnes présentant une obésité sévère et morbide candidates à une chirurgie de l'obésité : une approche psychodynamique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/CORIANO_MELISSA_2019_ED519.pdf.
Obesity has been a public health issue for years. Its management through bariatric surgery, which is booming, is one of the current responses considered to be the most effective in terms of "sustainable" weight loss. However, this surgery is always accompanied by psychological repercussions which can sometimes have serious consequences (increased suicide attempt risk, depression, psychotic breakdown, development or aggravation of addictive behaviors, difficulties in appropriating one's new body shape and possibility of weight gain). In order to prevent these psychological risks, the personality of obese people has been the subject of many studies. However, most studies agree that there’s no single personality type that characterizes the obese patient. In this descriptive study we used projective test (Rorschach and TAT) to study the mentalization process in 41 subjects who are candidates for obesity surgery. Mentalization is a key process in any individual. It makes it possible to "regulate" the psychic apparatus, which is not necessarily determined by the underlying personality. Finding impairments in the mentalization ability could elucidate many of the issues commonly found in people seeking bariatric surgery and can also be a prognostic factor for outcome after bariatric surgery. The results showed impairments in the mentalization process of our subjects and demonstrate the richness that projective tests bring to the study of psychic functioning and mentalization. The assessment of the mentalization process and the implementation of therapies aiming for its enhancement could contribute to improving patient care of people seeking this surgery
Boukilinam, Kawaka Têtouhêwa. "Notion d'empêchement ou d'enfermement psychique des personnes touchées par un trouble mental en post-hospitalisation au Togo." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC025.
This exploratory study has focused on the concept of impediment or psychic confinement of people affected by a mental disorder in post-hospitalization.Objective: Explore through the description of the socio-cultural factors responsible for collapse or narcissistic injuries. Determine the indices of anxiety, indices of barriers and penetration of the variable of Fischer and Cleveland, and the nature of the intra and inter psychic conflicts, cause of the impediment.Method: this is an exploratory cross-sectional study, carried out in Togo, with twenty subjects, treated for mental suffering of which we present six clinical illustrations. From a methodological point of view, we used the directive clinical interview and the direct observation coupled with the Rorschach projective test and a "free drawing of the lifeline".Result: All of the patients believe that their suffering is of mystical origin. The disorder is therefore perceived as an attack which can come from the outside, in particular from: society, the family, the supreme being, fetishes or even intermediate spirits. Despite the total improvement of the clinical signs of the disease, the ego is still "locked" by experience and representation. The anxiety indices are high. The barrier / penetration indicators testify either to the porosity of the ego-body image, that is to say the fragility of the psychic envelopes; Either of its solidity, and would serve as a separation and isolation membrane against the threat of narcissistic dismantling.Conclusion: Psychic confinement or impediment is largely influenced by environmental factors of a socio-cultural nature
Marchal, Cynthie. "Post-hoc prescience: retrospective reasoning and judgment among witnesses of interpersonal aggression." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209818.
Lorsque les témoins jugent une agression interpersonnelle, il est généralement attendu d’eux qu’ils considèrent rationnellement ce qu’une personne raisonnable aurait pu penser, savoir et faire dans pareille situation, et ce en se fondant uniquement sur les preuves qui leur sont fournies. Il n’en reste pas moins que leur analyse sera toutefois tronquée par des biais de jugement et des motivations personnelles. C’est pourquoi la détermination du blâme et l’influence des déformations rétrospectives et évaluatives sont au cœur de cette recherche. Ainsi, nous investiguons plus particulièrement le biais de rétrospection, à savoir l’erreur commune qui laisse à l’individu penser qu’il est en mesure de prévoir n’importe quel événement, alors qu’en réalité, il n’en est rien. Une telle erreur peut cependant avoir de graves conséquences pour la victime dès lors que les témoins sont amenés à croire qu’elle aurait « dû » prévoir ce qui allait survenir. Dans cette thèse, nous envisageons également les modérateurs de ce biais, dont le rôle du contexte communicationnel. Nous avons, dès lors, fait l’hypothèse que le contexte communicationnel pourrait affecter l’angle sous lequel les témoins considèrent l’événement et la distance perçue par rapport à celui-ci. Ce faisant, nous pensions que le biais de rétrospection et le blâme de la victime seraient réduits lorsque le contexte diminuait la distance perçue vis-à-vis de l’événement (en l’occurrence, la distance temporelle et la proximité perçue avec le sort de la victime). De même, il était attendu que l’agresseur soit davantage blâmé dans pareille condition. Les quatre premières études s’intéressaient donc au rôle des buts poursuivis lors de la communication à propos de l’agression, afin d’envisager en quoi décrire comment (vs. pourquoi) l’agression s’était produite aidait à réduire la distance perçue. Une cinquième étude nous a ensuite permis de considérer si la voix passive (versus active) avait aussi un effet similaire. Quant aux quatre dernières études, elles avaient pour objectif d’investiguer dans quelle mesure l’ordre de présentation des informations (connaître la fin avant, vs. après les antécédents) pouvait avoir également une incidence sur la prise de distance par rapport à l’événement et aux jugements. Plus précisément, nous faisions l’hypothèse que connaître l’événement en premier lieu (avant ses antécédents) facilitait la réduction de la distance perçue. Les résultats obtenus dans les cinq premières recherches semblaient confirmer nos hypothèses :Un contexte communicationnel qui réduisait la distance psychologique perçue par rapport à l’événement pouvait non seulement diminuer le biais de rétrospection et le blâme de la victime, mais augmenter aussi le blâme de l’agresseur. Toutefois, les dernières recherches ont semblé démontrer, a contrario, que connaître l’agression en premier lieu pouvait réduire le blâme de l’agresseur et augmenter celui de la victime, alors même que la distance perçue avec les événements était réduite. In fine, ce travail suggère donc que le contexte communicationnel, dans lequel le biais émerge, et la prise de distance face à l’événement négatif sont autant de pistes qu’il faudrait creuser à l’avenir pour mieux comprendre le raisonnement et les jugements rétrospectifs des témoins.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Jean, Alexandra. "Contribution des récepteurs 5-HT4 à la motivation et la prise de décision de manger." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T024.
To understand how the brain inhibits appetite despite an energy demand, we study the neuronal mechanisms, which underlie the hypophagic effect induced by the 3,4-N-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA: « Ecstasy ») and stress (forced immobilization) because these factors reduce appetite in animals, even starved. We show that stimulating serotonin 4 receptors (5-HTR4), or their overexpression (ectopic, physiological) in a brain reward area (nucleus accumbens: NAc), reduced hunger in increasing the appetite-suppressant effect of an addiction peptide: CART. Against the energy balance, the appetite-suppressant effect induced by stimulating 5-HTR4 in the NAc comes along with hyperactivity, often described in human suffering from anorexia nervosa. Supposing that a rewarding effect prevails over the danger of an energy imbalance, we show indeed that injecting 5-HTR4 antagonist in the NAc reduced the appetite-suppressant effect, the hyperactivity and the rewarding effect provoked by MDMA. If food deprivation is rewarding, mouse overexpressing 5-HTR4 in the NAc, after a low and transient diet period, should continue to self-imposed food refusal even in the presence of food ad libitum. The answer is positive. In contrast, 5-HTR4 in the NAc does not contribute, à priori, to stress-induced hypophagia. Because the reward system is included in the neuronal network of the decision-making, mainly controlled by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), we postulated that hypophagia following stress uses cortical 5-HTR4. Injecting nucleic treatments (siRNA, virus), in the mPFC of wild-type or 5-HTR4 null mice, shows that only the stimulation of 5-HTR4 in the mPFC sparks off the hypophagic effect of stress. Our results suggest that [1] stress activates 5-HTR4 in the mPFC and reduces density of the 5-HT transporter, promoting [2] increase of the extracellular 5-HT level in the dorsal raphe nucleus and thus [3] an inhibitory control of t he activity of 5-HT neurons by 5-HTR1A allowing to avoid that the period of food restriction persists (anorexia-like behavior). Colectively, our findings support the the neuronal network of addiction and decision-making to eat after stress include the neuronal pathway related to anorexia, with so far, a clear contribution of 5-HTR4
Glady, Yannick. "Raisonnement par analogie et son développement : rôle des fonctions exécutives et du but de la tâche." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL036/document.
This manuscript develops an issue related to the involvement of goal management capabilities and executive functions in this type of reasoning and its development. The first three experiments examine this issue in two tasks of analogical reasoning, the scene analogy task and the A:B::C:? task, through the study of visual strategies used by adults, and children aged 6-to-7. The results show differences in visual patterns related to goals, and to the inhibition of irrelevant information for the solution of the problems, between the different tasks, and between children and adults. The following two experiments study the visual strategies, always in relation to executive functioning and goal management, in an A:B::C:? task whose difficulty is manipulated to highlight the difference in involvement of monitoring and evaluation processes. The results do show an effect of the difficulty of the test and the type of distractor in the visual strategies employed. Finally, the last three experiments investigate the involvement of cognitive flexibility, one of the executive functions, in the analogical reasoning of preschool children (5-6-year-olds), limited in their flexibility. The results show that their early anchoring in a type of representation, relevant or not to the solution of the problem, is related to their ability to solve the problem later, and thus suggest a difficulty in shifting their representation during the resolution of the problems. These results are finally discussed in relation to models of analogical reasoning and of the development of this ability, especially those integrating goal management and executive functions
Auraix-Jonchière, Pascale. "La mythologie de Barbey d'Aurevilly à travers les romans et les nouvelles." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20072.
Acoording to the author himself, the prose works of barbey d'aurevilly are anchored in a form of writing whose hidden mechanisms, working in indirect and multivocal ways, both veil and uncover shimmering levels of meaning which do not lend themselves readily to definitive circumscription. . The importance of a mythological code which is syncretic in nature, situated at the heart of this ambiguous language with its interconnected signs, and referring back to both ancient and biblical traditions, is manifest. The aim of this works is to study the pertinence of this code : diffused in the text, does it answer to clear principles of organisation? does it reflect archetypal, and therefore pre-existent, generalised structures? finally, does this code acquire specific characteristics in the course of its reworking by the writer, and is it modelled on the ever-changing demands of collective and individual history? this work sets out to examine how this singular language works within the prose text, and how, conversely, it makes the latter function - that is, how it reveals the elements in which the narrative is grounded as well as the finality towards which the text is bent
Arduin, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Vers une métrique de la commensurabilité des schémas d'interprétation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933996.
Tavakoli, Aram. "L' image de la femme dans les nouvelles de Paul Morand." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030022.