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Готові списки джерел за темами / Residual stand damage / Статті в журналах

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Residual stand damage.

Статті в журналах з теми "Residual stand damage"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Yuniawati, Yuniawati, S. Andini, and M. H. Ningrum. "Application of Conventional and Improved Techniques in Felling and Skidding to Residual Stand Damages." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 29, no. 3 (2023): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.29.3.234.

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Анотація:

Felling and skidding are essential in the timber extraction process. But on the other hand, residual stand damage can’t be avoided. This study aimed to analyze the impact of conventional and improved felling and skidding techniques on residual stands in natural forests. Three observation plots were developed to identify the types, numbers, and criteria of residual stand damage due to both techniques. The criteria were categorized as a) minor damage (<25%), b) moderate damage (25–50%), and c) major damage (>50%). It showed that the conventional felling and skidding technique caused damage

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2

Kizha, Anil Raj, Evan Nahor, Noah Coogen, Libin T. Louis, and Alex K. George. "Residual Stand Damage under Different Harvesting Methods and Mitigation Strategies." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147641.

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Анотація:

A major component of sustainable forest management are the stands left behind after the logging operation. Large mechanized harvesting equipment involved in current forest management can inflict damage on residual trees; and can pose a risk of mortality from diseases, natural calamities, and/or degrade future economic value. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the residual stand damage under different harvesting methods and silvicultural prescriptions i.e., crop tree release (CTR), diameter limit cut (DLC), and overstory removal (OSR). The second objective was to evaluate the i

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3

Hassler, Curt C., Shawn T. Grushecky, and Mary Ann Fajvan. "An Assessment of Stand Damage Following Timber Harvests in West Virginia." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 4 (1999): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/16.4.191.

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Abstract Fixed plot sampling was used to measure residual stand damage on 101 harvested stands in West Virginia. Damage was categorized for roots, base, bole, and crown components of all trees 4 in. dbh and greater. The level of damage was correlated to both preharvest and residual stand densities. Equations were developed to estimate stand damage, based on preharvest and residual stand basal area and trees per acre. These equations were found to reasonably estimate levels of stand damage from previous studies in partial/selection cuts, but not in thinnings. North. J. Appl. For. 16(4):191-196.

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4

Howard, Andrew F. "Damage to residual trees from cable yarding when partial cutting second-growth stands in coastal British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 8 (1996): 1392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-155.

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Анотація:

Damage to residual trees associated with a specific combination of stand conditions, silvicultural treatment, and harvesting system must be known if this information is to guide foresters in the design of prescriptions for individual stands planned for partial cutting. A study was made of residual tree damage in two stands of second growth in coastal British Columbia that were partially cut and the timber was yarded with cable systems. Damage to residual trees was found to be high at both sites. The percentage of trees damaged decreased with increasing distance from the skyline corridor, and b

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5

Yuniawati, Yuniawati, and Dulsalam Dulsalam. "Residual Stand Damage Due to Timber Harvesting in PT Tunas Timber Lestari, Papua." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 9, no. 2 (2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2020.vol9iss2pp121-132.

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Анотація:

Timber harvesting activities can cause damage to residual stands, this can occur due to improper timber harvesting techniques. The study was conducted at one of PT Tunas Timber Lestari’s IUPHHK-HA in Papua Province. The results showed that: 1). The number of trees felled and skidded on 3 logging compartment with each of the 3 plot of observation sample has an area of 2 ha (the total area of the research is 18 ha) is 16 trees on average; 2). The average number of residual stand (trees with a diameter of ≥ 20 cm) damaged by logging is 26 trees (13.00%) per ha with details of damage to canopy of

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6

Da Silva, Daniel Augusto, Geferson Piazza, Alfredo Celso Fantini, and Alexander Christian Vibrans. "Forest management in a secondary Atlantic Rainforest: assessing the harvest damage." Advances in Forestry Science 4, no. 4 (2018): 187–93. https://doi.org/10.34062/afs.v4i4.5154.

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Minimizing the impacts to the residual stand is one of the goals of sustainable forest management. To achieve this goal it’s essential to know the dynamics of these impacts, its frequency, cause and severity. Various studies in this topic were carried out in primary tropical forest, but little is known in secondary forests, which have smaller and denser tree community. We evaluate the bole and crown damage and the incidence of leaning trees in the residual stand right after the timber harvesting in a secondary Atlantic Rainforest in southern Brazil. On average, 26% of the residual trees suffer

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7

Ostrofsky, W. D., R. S. Seymour, and R. C. Lemin Jr. "Damage to northern hardwoods from thinning using whole-tree harvesting technology." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 6 (1986): 1238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-219.

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A mechanized whole-tree harvesting system, which has recently found widespread use in northern New England, was evaluated for its impact on residual crop trees in two northern hardwood stands in western Maine. Stand type, skid trail spacing, and whether or not skid trails were designated prior to harvesting significantly influenced stand damage levels. A higher mean percentage of residual trees was injured in a Betulapapyrifera Marsh, stand (49%) than in similar treatments in a Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh. – Quercusrubra L. stand (32%). A spacing of 20 m between predesignated trails resulted in less

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8

Fairweather, Stephen E. "Damage to Residual Trees after Cable Logging in Northern Hardwoods." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 1 (1991): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.1.15.

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Abstract Damage to residual trees after cable logging was observed in two northern hardwood stands in Pennsylvania. In the first stand, primarily red maple and black cherry, only 8% (by basal area) sustained major damage. Felling was the major source of damage, as the amount due to yarding was negligible. The second stand, a mix of red maple, red oak, and black birch, sustained 10% major damage. The results were similar to observations made in West Virginia, and support the effort to use cable yarding for partial cuts in hardwood stands. North J. Appl. For. 8(1):15-17

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9

Seablom, Thomas J., and David D. Reed. "Assessment of Factors Contributing to Residual Tree Damage from Mechanized Harvesting in Northern Hardwoods." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 2 (2005): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.2.124.

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Abstract Seven northern hardwood stands were evaluated for damage after mechanized harvesting. Four different harvesting systems were evaluated: harvester and grapple skidder, processor and forwarder, chainsaw and cable skidder, and chainsaw and forwarder. There was not an excessive amount of damage occurring to any of the residual stands, and there was an adequate number of residual trees per acre in all diameter classes to meet residual stand structure goals. The majority of the damage that did occur was to the bole portion of the tree and to the 2–8-in. dbh size classes. There was no strong

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10

Fajvan, Mary Ann, Karl E. Knipling, and Brian D. Tift. "Damage to Appalachian Hardwoods from Diameter-Limit Harvesting and Shelterwood Establishment Cutting." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 2 (2002): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/19.2.80.

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Abstract Residual stand damage was assessed in 10 ac stands harvested with either a 12 in. diameter-limit harvest, a 16 in. diameter-limit harvest or an establishment cut of the shelterwood method. Each stand was logged using manual felling and cable skidding; treatments were replicated four times. The 12 in. diameter-limit harvests had the lowest residual basal areas but residual stems had the highest percentage of damage and largest stem wounds. In all three treatments, as tree size (dbh) increased and distance to skid trail increased, the probability of individual tree damage decreased.

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11

Matzka, Peter J., and Loren D. Kellogg. "Harvest System Selection and Design for Damage Reduction in Noble Fir Stands: A Case Study on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 2 (2003): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/18.2.118.

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Abstract Many high-elevation stands of noble fir (Abies procera) in the northern Oregon Cascades are being actively managed. Forest managers are investigating different activities that will control stand impacts and the subsequent spread of Heterobasidion annosum, a rot pathogen on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between logging production and costs with associated residual stand damage during a commercial thinning operation. Investigated in the study were four ground-based harvesting systems and two different harvest unit layout

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12

Heitzman, Eric, and Adrian G. Grell. "Residual Tree Damage Along Forwarder Trails from Cut-to-Length Thinning in Maine Spruce Stands." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 4 (2002): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/19.4.161.

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Abstract In Maine and adjacent eastern Canadian provinces, cut-to-length harvesting has emerged as an ecologically attractive method of thinning conifer plantations and natural stands. Yet regional information on the extent of residual stand damage associated with this system is lacking. Eight naturally regenerated red spruce (Picea rubens) stands in northern Maine were studied; all stands were thinned in 1997–1998 with a processor and forwarder combination. Field methods consisted of examining individual trees near forwarder trails for bole damage and measuring the size and aboveground height

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13

Lee, Eunjai, Sang-Tae Lee, Ho-Seong Mun, Sanghoon Chung, and Jae-Heun Oh. "Assessing the Residual Stand Damage after Thinning with Different Levels of Mechanization." Forests 15, no. 5 (2024): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15050794.

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Анотація:

Thinning is a silvicultural process in which trees are both harvested selectively and systematically removed from a stand to enhance forest management and ecosystem dynamics. However, this practice is challenged by the mechanical damage to residual trees, and the nature of this damage, particularly on stand damage during mechanized row-thinning and manual selective thinning, in South Korea is unknown. Therefore, objectives of this study were to compare stand damage levels and wound characteristics between three different thinning operations: manual selective, manual row-, and mechanized row-th

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14

Ursić, Branko, Dinko Vusić, Ivica Papa, Tomislav Poršinsky, Željko Zečić, and Andreja Đuka. "Damage to Residual Trees in Thinning of Broadleaf Stand by Mechanised Harvesting System." Forests 13, no. 1 (2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010051.

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Анотація:

This research was conducted to determine the cause, intensity and location of damage (stem, butt end, root collar, root) and the extent of damage to standing trees during felling and processing by an harvester and timber extraction by a forwarder (cut-to-length system). The research was conducted in the central part of the Republic of Croatia in the Management Unit (MU) “Bjelovarska Bilogora” during the thinning of Subcompartment 14b, area of 18.28 ha, in the stand of hornbeam (Carpino betuli—Quercetum roboris fagetosum Rauš 1975), age 70, and of Subcompartment 14c, area of 9.07 ha, in a stand

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15

Youngblood, Andrew. "Damage to Residual Trees and Advance Regeneration from Skyline and Forwarder Yarding in Mixed-Conifer Stands of Northeastern Oregon." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 2 (2000): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/15.2.101.

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Abstract Reducing the risk of occurrence of wildfire and outbreaks of insects and diseases through fuel reduction is a priority management objective on federal lands within the Blue Mountains in northeastern Oregon. Optimal methods to achieve desired levels of fuel in mixed conifer stands by mechanical means are as yet unknown. One factor essential in evaluating optimal fuel reduction methods is the damage to residual trees and advance regeneration associated with specific combinations of stand condition, prescription, and harvesting system. Residual stem damage on 12,899 stems was compared af

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16

Muhdi, Muhdi. "DAMPAK PEMANENAN KAYU DENGAN TEKNIK REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING TERHADAP KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN SISA DI HUTAN ALAM." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 15, no. 1 (2009): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.15.1.200913.

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This research examined the effect of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) to residual stand damages in natural tropical forest, West Kalimantan. The effect of Reduced Impact Logging to residual stand were studied using the data of three plots with each size 100 m × 100 m are placed based on random at landing, middle skiddtrail and tips of skiddtrail, respectively. The objective of this research is to know the effect of reduced impact logging to residual stand damages in tropical forest. The results of the research showed that that the potency of commercial timber species in conventional timber harvest

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17

Suhartana, Sona. "THE EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED SKIDDING TECHNIQUE ON RESIDUAL STAND DAMAGE AND GROUND EXPOSURE IN SWAMP FOREST LOGGING." Journal of Forestry Research 1, no. 1 (2004): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2004.1.1.1-6.

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The  case study was  carried  out at a swamp forest company  in Riau in 2001.   The  aim of the study  was to determine  the effect of controlled skidding technique  to residual  stand damage and ground  exposure. Data  collected  includes:  felled trees, poles,   trees with  the diameter 20 cm up, damaged poles, damaged  trees and ground  exposure.  The data was  analyzed with t-test.  The study showed  the following results: The  average of  residual stand  d

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18

Tavankar, Farzam, Sättar Ezzati, Francesco Latterini, Angela Lo Monaco, Rachele Venanzi, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Assessment of Wound Recovery and Radial Growth 10 Years after Forest Operations in Hardwood Stands." Forests 13, no. 9 (2022): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091393.

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Damage to the residual stand caused by forest operations can have detrimental impacts on the biological processes of stand growth. This study shows the details from monitoring damages related to manual motor ground-based timber operations in a mountain mixed hardwood forest. The harvesting system was cut-to-length, and logs were extracted by wheeled cable-skidders. Data were collected from the remaining trees immediately after logging and 10 years after the logging session. The parameters assessed included stem injury, radial growth increment and wound healing rate for five hardwood species of

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19

Han, H.-Sup, Thomas W. Steele, and Loren D. Kellogg. "DamQuick: A New Method for Rapidly Assessing Residual Stand Damage During Partial Timber Harvests." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 2 (2003): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/18.2.81.

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Abstract The increasing frequency of partial timber harvest prescriptions has created the need for an efficient and accurate method of assessing residual stand damage. In this study, we developed and tested a new sampling method that exploits the general pattern of residual stand damage being concentrated near primary transport routes. The method, termed DamQuick, consists of systematic belt transects located immediately adjacent and parallel to the harvesting operation's extraction corridors. Plot measures of tree wounding are scaled by sampling intensity and a concentration factor to yield s

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20

Suhartana, Sona, and Yuniawati Yuniawati. "RIL Skidding Techniques to Improve Productivity and Minimize Production Cost and Environmental Damage (A Case Study at PT Inhutani II Malinau)." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea 8, no. 2 (2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2019.vol8iss2pp113-123.

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Conventional skidding techniques applied in natural forests often bring low productivity, high skidding cost, residual stands damage, and soil damage. RIL’s (Reduced Impact Logging) skidding techniques with better performance and more environmentally friendly should be introduced. This study aims to determine the effect of RIL’s skidding techniques on skidding productivity, skidding production-cost, and environmental damages that comprised residual stands and soil inside natural forests. This research was conducted in November-December 2015 at the site of natural production forest administered

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21

Muhdi, Muhdi, and Diana Sofia Hanafiah. "DAMPAK PEMANENAN KAYU BERDAMPAK RENDAH TERHADAP KERUSAKAN TEGAKAN TINGGAL DI HUTAN ALAM (Studi Kasus di Areal HPH PT. Suka Jaya Makmur, Kalimantan Barat)." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2017): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.9.1.32-39.

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Анотація:

The objective of the study was to know the degree of residual stand damages caused by conventional timber harvesting and reduced impact logging in natural forest. The study showed that degree of residual stand damages based on tree population in conventional timber harvesting and reduced impact logging was 33.15% and 19.53% respectively. Based on the size injury of every individual tree, the degree of the trees damages caused by timber harvesting in conventional timber harvesting and reduced impact logging is as follow : trees heavy injury was 64.66% and 57.20%, trees medium injury was 20.30%

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22

Han, Han-Sup, and Loren D. Kellogg. "Damage Characteristics in Young Douglas-Fir Stands from Commercial Thinning with Four Timber Harvesting Systems." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 1 (2000): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/15.1.27.

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Abstract Damage to residual trees from commercial thinning was characterized and compared among four common harvesting systems in western Oregon: tractor, cut-to-length, skyline, and helicopter. Six young (30- to 50-yr-old) Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands with various residual densities were studied: Scarring was the most typical damage to crop trees, accounting for 90% of the total damage in most cases. Damage levels greatly decreased as the minimum scar size that defines damage was increased. Scarring by ground-based systems was more severe: scars were larger, and gouge and root d

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23

JOURGHOLAMI, Meghdad. "Environmental Impacts to Residual Stand Damage due to Logging Operations in Hyrcanian Forest." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 4, no. 3 (2012): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb437681.

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The development of harvesting systems aims to provide physically feasible, economically viable, and environmentally sound solutions. Residual stand-damage data have been collected from a mixed broadleaved stand in Kheyrud area in Hyrcanian forest in the northern of Iran. After the harvesting operations, for all trees, damage to the bole, roots, extent of the damage, wounding patterns, size and distribution was assessed using stratified systematic sampling with a random start and fixed area plots. Results show that wounding occurred on 16.4% of the remaining trees, but the severity of wounding

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24

Stehman, S. V., and C. J. Davis. "A practical sampling strategy for estimating residual stand damage." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 27, no. 10 (1997): 1635–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x97-094.

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25

Nikooy, Mehrdad, Farzam Tavankar, Ramin Naghdi, Alireza Ghorbani, Meghdad Jourgholami, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Soil impacts and residual stand damage from thinning operations." International Journal of Forest Engineering 31, no. 2 (2020): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2020.1744954.

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26

Tavankar, F., B. Majnounian, and A. E. Bonyad. "Felling and skidding damage to residual trees following selection cutting in Caspian forests of Iran." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 5 (2013): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/53/2012-jfs.

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Анотація:

The felling and skidding damage to residual trees was investigated in a selectively cutting operation in the Caspian forest of Iran. The logging operation was performed by chainsaw and cable skidder. Prelogging, after felling and skidding operations residual tree injuries (species, DBH and damage) were inventoried by systematic plot sampling. Two types of tree damage were observed: destroyed and injured. In this study felling operations mainly injured trees whereas skidding was the main cause of destruction. The percentage of destroyed and injured residual trees by felling operations was 1.4%

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27

Suhartana, Sona, and Krisdianto Krisdianto. "MINIMIZING RESIDUAL STAND DAMAGE AND FELLING COST USING LOWEST POSSIBLE FELLING TECHNIQUE (A case study in one logging company in West Kalimantan)." Journal of Forestry Research 2, no. 1 (2005): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2005.2.1.1-11.

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Анотація:

The implementation of felling technique in logging companies is not yet carried out efficiently and appropriately. Study on the lowest possible felling technique (LPFf) is considered  to be important to  reduce residual  stand damage and felling cost. This study was carried out in a logging company in West Kalimantan in 2004. The aim of this study was to  determine the effect of LPFT on residual stand damage and felling cost. Data collected in this research include: residual stand damage, working time, timber  volume, productivity,  efficiency,  stump &n

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28

Lamson, Neil I., H. Clay Smith, and Gary W. Miller. "Logging Damage Using an Individual-Tree Selection Practice in Appalachian Hardwood Stands." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 4 (1985): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/2.4.117.

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Abstract Four West Virginia hardwood stands, managed using individual-tree selection for the past 30 years, were examined after the third and, in one instance, the fourth periodic harvest to determine the severity of logging damage. On existing skid roads, trees were removed with a rubber-tired skidder or a crawler tractor with a rubber-tired arch. Logging damage reduced residual stand basal area by 6%, a total of 6.1 ft² per acre. Damage was concentrated in the saplings—85% of the stems lost to logging damage were less than 5.0 in dbh. An adequate number of undamaged stems in all diameter cla

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29

Jones, Trevor A., and Scott McPherson. "Comparative effects of full-tree and tree-length shelterwood harvesting on residual tree damage and coarse woody debris volume in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest." Forestry Chronicle 88, no. 06 (2012): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2012-139.

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Анотація:

Residual stand damage and coarse woody debris loads were evaluated in 15 hardwood and white pine uniform shelterwood harvest blocks, in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest Region, using tree-length (TL) and full-tree (FT) harvesting techniques. Stand-level damage rates to residual stems in both the TL and FT harvest operations were below Ontario’s allowable “major” damage limits of 15% to all residual trees and 10% to acceptable growing stock (AGS) trees. No significant differences in damage rates were observed between the TL and FT harvest systems and were comparable to past assessments in

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30

Grzywiński, Witold, Rafał Turowski, Bartłomiej Naskrent, Tomasz Jelonek, and Arkadiusz Tomczak. "The Effect of Season of the Year on the Frequency and Degree of Damage during Commercial Thinning in Black Alder Stands in Poland." Forests 10, no. 8 (2019): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080668.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of season of the year on the frequency and degree of damage to residual trees caused during winter and summer timber harvesting operations in young alder stands. Analyses were conducted in pure black alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.) stands aged 38 and 40 years, located in north-eastern Poland. Chainsaw logging was performed in the cut-to-length (CTL) system, while timber was extracted using an agricultural tractor with a trailer with manual timber loading and unloading. Damage caused in the stand as a result of early thinning operations was ev

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31

Camp, Ann. "Damage to Residual Trees by Four Mechanized Harvest Systems Operating in Small-Diameter, Mixed-Conifer Forests on Steep Slopes in Northeastern Washington: A Case Study." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 17, no. 1 (2002): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/17.1.14.

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Abstract Dense stands of small-diameter timber present unique challenges for land managers. In the inland West, trees in high-density stands often grow slowly and may be at risk to insects, diseases, and catastrophic fires. In 1996, the U.S. Congress recognized a need to address forest health issues and stimulate local resource-based economies in northeastern Washington. Funds were provided for “implementation and evaluation of controlled silvicultural treatment in designated, fire-generated, overstocked, small-diameter stands” (U.S. Congress House Report 104-625). As part of this Congressiona

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Knežević, Jelena, Jusuf Musić, Velid Halilović, and Admir Avdagić. "Damages of Skidder and Oxen Logging to Residual Trees in Uneven-Aged Mixed Forest." Forests 14, no. 5 (2023): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050927.

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The negative influence of timber harvesting on the forest environment is reflected through damage to the residual trees, regeneration, and forest soil. Considering that skidding, a popular extraction method, can cause substantial and severe damage to the remaining stand, the aim of this research was to determine damage to residual trees during skidding by an LKT 81T cable skidder, including oxen bunching. The research was conducted in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in an uneven-aged mixed fir (Abies alba Mill.) and spruce (Picea abies L.) forest with pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on limestone so

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Tavankar, Farzam, Amireslam E. Bonyad, Mehrdad Nikooy, Rodolfo Picchio, Rachele Venanzi, and Luca Calienno. "Damages to soil and tree species by cable-skidding in Caspian forests of Iran." Forest Systems 26, no. 1 (2017): e009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017261-09100.

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Aim of study: The main aims of this study were to determine of damage level to residual stand and soil disturbance from mechanized selection logging. Area of study: Mixed beech stands in Caspian forests, northern Iran.Material and methods: Point-transect and systematic plot sampling were used for assessing damages to soil and trees, respectively.Main results: 89% of forest soil area was undisturbed or shallow disturbed, and 5.2% was deep disturbed. Soil bulk density of top 10 cm in the winching corridors, ruts and skid trails were increased 10.7%, 20.6% and 32.1% respectively than controlled a

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Bustos, Oscar, Andrew Egan, and Warren Hedstrom. "A Comparison of Residual Stand Damage along Yarding Trails in a Group Selection Harvest Using Four Different Yarding Methods." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 27, no. 2 (2010): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/27.2.56.

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Abstract A study of residual stand damage along yarding trails associated with four harvest methods—harvester/forwarder and cable skidder, tractor, and bulldozer with chainsaw felling—was conducted in a group selection harvest of a mixed hardwood stand in Maine. Tractive yardingmethods were associated with greater numbers of damaged trees per meter of trail length. In addition, the bulldozer method resulted in the largest number of damaged boles per 100 m2 of near-trail space, whereas the smallest number of damaged boles per 100 m2 was associatedwith the forwarder method. The tractor method re

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Bakys, R., R. Vasaitis, and J. P. Skovsgaard. "Patterns and severity of crown dieback in young even-aged stands of european ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in relation to stand density, bud flushing phenotype, and season." Plant Protection Science 49, No. 3 (2013): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/70/2012-pps.

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The extent and temporal pattern of crown damage (attributed to Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus) in even-aged stands of Fraxinus excelsior in relation to bud flushing phenotype, stand density, and season was investigated. Data were collected in 2007 in four statistically designed thinning experiments located in 12&ndash;15-years old plantations of ash in Denmark. The study included 21 plots of four contrasting, residual stand densities: (1) 1700&ndash;5500 trees/ha (unthinned control plots), (2)&nbsp;1500 trees/ha, (3) 500 trees/ha, and (4) 100&ndash;150 trees/ha. Assessments includ

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Diniz, Carlos Cezar Cavassin, Felipe Martins de Oliveira, Romano Timofeiczyk Junior, Renato Cesar Gonçalves Robert, Miguel Pesch Tramontini, and Fabio Cordeiro de Brito. "DAMAGE CAUSED BY A WHEELED HARVESTER TO THE RESIDUAL TREES OF A PINUS STAND IN THE FIRST MECHANIZED MIXED THINNING." FLORESTA 50, no. 3 (2020): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i3.64331.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the damage caused to the remaining trees of a pinus stand submitted to mechanized thinning by a wheeled harvester. The data were obtained in the operational areas of timber harvesting in a forest company located in the city of Inácio Martins, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The Pinus stand of the study was 11 years old, and was submitted to the first commercial thinning. The operation was performed by a harvester, characterized by the systematic removal of the 5th planting line to give access to the interior of the stand, followed by selective thinni

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Cline, Michael L., Benjamin F. Hoffman, Michael Cyr, and William Bragg. "Stand Damage Following Whole-Tree Partial Cutting in Northern Forests." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 2 (1991): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.2.72.

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Abstract Eighteen mechanically harvested, partially cut hard- and mixed-wood stands in New England were examined to determine the extent of logging damage. Frequency of crop tree damage averaged 9.6%. Tree injury, both incidence and severity, was not related to location relative to skid trails or landings. Variations in damage level between sites was not explained by numbers of trees per acre, size of trees, or basal area prior to or after harvest, but cover type, rockiness, and season of harvest in combination accounted for a small part of the site-to-site differences. Residual stand damage a

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Whitelock, Derek P., Michael D. Buser, Carlos B. Armijo, and S. Ed Hughs. "The Impact of Historical Gin Stand Technologies on Cotton Fiber and Seed Quality." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 5 (2019): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12751.

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Abstract. The trend in modern gin stand designs to increase gin stand production rate in terms of bales/h was generally achieved by increased width, narrower saw spacing, and higher saw loading. This study examined fiber length reductions, short fiber content, fiber neps, and cottonseed damage associated with five saw gin stands of differing production rates, design, and manufacture that represent a range of gin technologies developed since the 1960s to identify technologies from those earlier designs that may guide future gin stand research. Based on rated ginning rate, the gin stands were cl

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Zuo, Heng, and Huiyong Guo. "Structural Nonlinear Damage Identification Method Based on the Kullback–Leibler Distance of Time Domain Model Residuals." Remote Sensing 15, no. 4 (2023): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041135.

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Under external load excitation, damage such as breathing cracks and bolt loosening will cause structural time domain acceleration to have nonlinear features. To solve the problem of time domain nonlinear damage identification, a damage identification method based on the Kullback–Leibler (KL) distance of time domain model residuals is proposed in this paper. First, an autoregressive (AR) model order was selected using the autocorrelation function (ACF) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Then, an AR model was obtained based on the structural acceleration response time series, and the AR mod

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Haight, Robert G., William D. Smith, and Thomas J. Straka. "Hurricanes and the Economics of Loblolly Pine Plantations." Forest Science 41, no. 4 (1995): 675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/41.4.675.

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Abstract Following a damaging storm, managers of small forest tracts often want to know when to harvest and reforest to maximize financial return. The assessment of financial return is complicated by the need to project the product value of damaged trees and to account for the risk of another damaging storm. Methods are demonstrated for handling both these complications. The effects of stem sweep on product value is projected by incorporating a sweep distribution into a simulator for stand growth and computing stumpage value using a residual value approach in which trees are optimally allocate

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Froese, Karl, and Han-Sup Han. "Residual Stand Damage from Cut-to-Length Thinning of a Mixed Conifer Stand in Northern Idaho." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 3 (2006): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/21.3.142.

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Abstract We collected residual stand-damage data from a mixed conifer stand in northern Idaho that had been commercially thinned with a cut-to-length harvesting system. The stand composition after harvesting was 76% grand fir (Abies grandis); 14% Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca); 5% western redcedar (Thuja plicata); and 5% lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), western white pine (Pinus monticola), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). For all crop trees, damage to the bole, roots, and crown was assessed using systematic sampling with a random start and fixed area plots. Wounding occu

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., Abdullah E. Akay, Mustafa Yilmaz ., and Fatih Tonguc . "Impact of Mechanized Harvesting Machines on Forest Ecosystem: Residual Stand Damage." Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 11 (2006): 2414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2006.2414.2419.

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Zasada, John C., Charles W. Slaughter, Christian E. Teutsch, J. Dean Argyle, and William Hill. "Winter Logging on the Tanana River Flood Plain in Interior Alaska." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 1 (1987): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.1.11.

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Abstract Flood plains in interior Alaska support an important forest resource. Silvicultural alternatives for these sites depend on access and on the effect of timber harvesting on the residual stand and site. Some aspects (i.e., road access, logging damage to residual stand, and effect of logging on snow pack) of winter logging of white spruce on an island in the Tanana River were observed. Winter roads of snow and ice were easily developed over a variety of surface conditions and appeared to have little lasting impact. Damage to uniformly spaced residual shelterwood trees was variable. Much

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Bragg, Don C., and Michael G. Shelton. "Recovery of Planted Loblolly Pine 5 Years after Severe Ice Storms in Arkansas." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 34, no. 1 (2010): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/34.1.13.

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Abstract Following a severe ice storm, one of a landowner's first considerations regarding the future of their damaged stands should be on the recovery potential of injured crop trees. The ice storms that struck Arkansas in December 2000 provided an opportunity to monitor 410 injured loblolly pines (Pinus taedaL.), representing a wide range of damage in 18–20-year-old plantations. Five-year mortality rates were <3% for trees with low to moderate injury, 16% for major damage, and 55% for critical damage. Of the most seriously affected pines, root-sprung trees had the highest periodic mortali

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Suhartana, Sona, Yuniawati, Seca Gandaseca, Dulsalam, Soenarno, and Jegatheswaran Ratnasingam. "Potential of Wood Harvesting Residues and Residual Stand Damage due to Timber Harvesting: A Case Study at PT Austral Byna in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2022 (January 12, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3251945.

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The practice of timber harvesting in natural forests which has been conducted up to now still leaves wood harvesting residue and residual stand damage. Most condition of wood harvesting residue is still good and can be utilized. The objective of this research was to determine the potency of wood harvesting residue and residual stand damage on timber harvesting in natural forests. The data on wood utilization, wood harvesting residue, and residual damage were collected from three sample plots. The sample plots were arranged in a systematic and purposive manner, and the data were processed with

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Picchio, Rodolfo, Farzam Tavankar, Amireslam Bonyad, Piotr S. Mederski, Rachele Venanzi, and Mehrdad Nikooy. "Detailed Analysis of Residual Stand Damage Due to Winching on Steep Terrains." Small-scale Forestry 18, no. 2 (2019): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11842-019-09417-5.

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Stanosz, Glen R., and Gary Laudermilch. "Variation in Frequency of Sugar Maple Bole Damage From Tree-Marking Materials." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 9, no. 4 (1992): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/9.4.136.

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Abstract Six blue tree-marking materials, commonly used to mark residual trees and those along boundaries, were evaluated for their potential to damage sugar maple boles. Materials were applied as 3-in. diameter spots in both spring and fall to trees of two bark textures in stands at four different locations. Damage was evaluated three growing seasons later. Cracks were the most frequent form of defect, but swelling, callus, and open cankers also occurred. Damage was observed in 192 of 1056 spots, and there was wide variation in the frequency of damage caused by different materials. There also

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Brandeis, Thomas J., and Consuelo Brandeis. "Assessing Tree Mortality Probability in Harvested Hardwood Stands Using Long-Term Forest Inventory Data." Forest Science 67, no. 2 (2021): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxaa053.

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Abstract Partial harvesting (here defined as removal of ≤50% of preharvest volume) is the predominant silvicultural scheme applied to hardwood forest types in the eastern United States. Future stand conditions are largely reliant on trees retained after harvest, so their mortality because of harvesting activity damage should be minimized or taken into account when planning. We quantify partially harvested stand characteristics and postharvest mortality using data from 32,057 forested conditions, 366,953 trees with a diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 2.5 cm, of which 4,469 trees were cut and us

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Roberts, Scott D., Constance A. Harrington, and Karl R. Buermeyer. "Does Variable-Density Thinning Increase Wind Damage in Conifer Stands on the Olympic Peninsula?" Western Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 4 (2007): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/22.4.285.

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Abstract Silvicultural treatments designed to enhance stand structural diversity may result in increased wind damage. The ability to avoid conditions that might lead to excessive wind damage would benefit forest managers. We analyzed wind damage following implementation of a variable-density thinning at four sites on the Olympic National Forest in northwest Washington. The prescription created small canopy gaps and retained unthinned patches within a uniformly thinned matrix, thus creating substantial amounts of internal edge. Our objective was to determine whether variable-density thinning re

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Jackson, Scott M., Todd S. Fredericksen, and Jay R. Malcolm. "Area disturbed and residual stand damage following logging in a Bolivian tropical forest." Forest Ecology and Management 166, no. 1-3 (2002): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00681-8.

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