Дисертації з теми "Semi-chaînes de Markov cachées"
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Barbu, Vlad. "Estimation des chaînes semi-markoviennes et des chaînes semi-markoviennes cachées en vue d'applications en fiabilité et en biologie." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1568.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of my thesis concerns the discrete time semi-Markov models and the associated nonparametric estimation. The obtained results are used for deriving estimators of the systems reliability and of the associated measures. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied. An example illustrates how to practically compute the reliability indicators. The second part of my thesis is devoted to the estimation of hidden semi-Markov models. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are studied and an EM algorithm is proposed. An application in genetics for detecting the CpG islands in a DNA sequence shows the interest of our researches
Lacour, Claire. "Estimation non paramétrique adaptative pour les chaînes de Markov et les chaînes de Markov cachées." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180107.
Повний текст джерелаRAFI, Selwa. "Chaînes de Markov cachées et séparation non supervisée de sources." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995414.
Повний текст джерелаRafi, Selwa. "Chaînes de Markov cachées et séparation non supervisée de sources." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0020/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe restoration problem is usually encountered in various domains and in particular in signal and image processing. It consists in retrieving original data from a set of observed ones. For multidimensional data, the problem can be solved using different approaches depending on the data structure, the transformation system and the noise. In this work, we have first tackled the problem in the case of discrete data and noisy model. In this context, the problem is similar to a segmentation problem. We have exploited Pairwise and Triplet Markov chain models, which generalize Hidden Markov chain models. The interest of these models consist in the possibility to generalize the computation procedure of the posterior probability, allowing one to perform bayesian segmentation. We have considered these methods for two-dimensional signals and we have applied the algorithms to retrieve of old hand-written document which have been scanned and are subject to show through effect. In the second part of this work, we have considered the restoration problem as a blind source separation problem. The well-known "Independent Component Analysis" (ICA) method requires the assumption that the sources be statistically independent. In practice, this condition is not always verified. Consequently, we have studied an extension of the ICA model in the case where the sources are not necessarily independent. We have introduced a latent process which controls the dependence and/or independence of the sources. The model that we propose combines a linear instantaneous mixing model similar to the one of ICA model and a probabilistic model on the sources with hidden variables. In this context, we show how the usual independence assumption can be weakened using the technique of Iterative Conditional Estimation to a conditional independence assumption
Rouan, Lauriane. "Apports des chaînes de Markov cachées à l'analyse de données de capture-recapture." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20188.
Повний текст джерелаParis, Sébastien. "Extraction Automatique de Pistes Fréquentielles en Sonar Passif par Chaînes de Markov Cachées." Toulon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUL0013.
Повний текст джерелаThe frequency vs. Time image called lofargram in any passive sonar system is the key of the downstream information processing : the operator will investigate on this representation in order to classify the tar¬gets of interest and/or to track the targets that have generated them by the so-called Target Motion Analysis (TMA). Both need to use frequency lines. For TMA, constant but Doppler-shifted frequencies are necessary. Conversely, for classification, the fluctuations of frequency help the discrimination between targets. In this thesis, we are concerned by unstable frequency line tracker (FLT). The role of such a tracker is to estimate frequency lines. The fundamental problems of FLT come from the unknown num¬ber of lines, their dates of birth and death, their respective SNR's and the case of crossing lines. We propose a method based on Markov Chain modeling : each frequency line is assumed to follow a random walk; the state space is the lofargram frequency cell set vs. A discrete and finite set of slopes. The data are composed by each lofargram line. When one unique line is present, we propose a scaled version of algorithms encountered in Hidden Markov Models (HMM) literature : Viterbi algorithm (VA), Forward (F), Forward-Backward (FB). In case of several frequency lines, we derive a new scaled FB algorithm in which each probability is conditioned by the exclusive event : two lines cannot be simultaneously in the same spot. The algorithm works in two passes : first, the lines are extracted from the beginning to the end of the lofargram; then, we estimate the dates of birth and death of each of them. When those dates are equal, the line is discarded. Therefore, the number of lines must be a priori overestimated. Trials on synthetic but also real data have been conducted and allow us to conclude that this algorithm performs very correctly (in a operational sense)
Lapuyade-Lahorgue, Jérôme. "Sur diverses extensions des chaînes de Markov cachées avec application au traitement des signaux radar." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473711.
Повний текст джерелаDridi, Noura. "Estimation aveugle de chaînes de Markov cachées simples et doubles : Application au décodage de codes graphiques." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0022.
Повний текст джерелаSince its birth, the technology of barcode is well investigated for automatic identification. When reading, a barcode can be degraded by a blur , caused by a bad focalisation and/ or a camera movement. The goal of this thesis is the optimisation of the receiver of 1D and 2D barcode from hidden and double Markov model and blind statistical estimation approaches. The first phase of our work consists of modelling the original image and the observed one using Hidden Markov model. Then, new algorithms for joint blur estimation and symbol detection are proposed, which take into account the non-stationarity of the hidden Markov process. Moreover, a method to select the most relevant model of the blur is proposed, based on model selection criterion. The method is also used to estimate the blur length. Finally, a new algorithm based on the double Markov chain is proposed to deal with digital communication through a long memory channel. Estimation of such channel is not possible using the classical detection algorithms based on the maximum likelihood due to the prohibitive complexity. New algorithm giving good trade off between complexity and performance is provided
Nicolas, Pierre. "Mise au point et utilisation de modèles de chaînes de Markov cachées pour l'étude des séquences d'ADN." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0017.
Повний текст джерелаConsidering the use of self-training approaches, we developed in this thesis three domains in which we applied HMM for the bacterial genome interpretation. First, a segmentation method of DNA sequences into regions of homogeneous composition enables us to identify horizontal gene transfers on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and also others heterogeneities levels linked to biological properties of genes. Next we developed a gene prediction software and we especially focused on small genes research. Around 30 genes smaller than 50 amino acids have been added to about 20 small genes previously biologically identified on B. Subtilis. Then we proposed a MCMC algorithm for Bayesian model selection in the context of RNA polymerase binding sites modeling
Vandekerkhove, Pierre. "Identification de l'ordre des processus ARMA stables : contribution à l'étude statistique des chaînes de Markov cachées." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20115.
Повний текст джерелаTrevezas, Samis. "Etude de l'estimation du Maximum de Vraisemblance dans des modèles Markoviens, Semi-Markoviens et Semi-Markoviens Cachés avec Applications." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472644.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Mabrouk Mohamed. "Modèles de Markov triplets en restauration des signaux." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694128.
Повний текст джерелаBercu, Sophie. "Modélisation stochastique du signal écrit par chaînes de Markov cachées : application à la reconnaissance automatique de l'écriture manuscrite." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10115.
Повний текст джерелаDapzol, N. "Analyse de l'activité de conduite par les chaînes de Markov cachées et les modèles de ruptures multi-phasiques: méthodologie et applications." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543729.
Повний текст джерелаBrunel, Nicolas. "Sur quelques extensions des chaînes de Markov cachées et couples : application à la segmentation non supervisée de signaux radar." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011302.
Повний текст джерелаBrunel, Nicolas. "Sur quelques extensions des chaînes de Markov cachées et couples. Applications à la segmentation non-supervisée de signaux radar." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011302.
Повний текст джерелаMuri, Florence. "Comparaison d'algorithmes d'identification de chaînes de Markov cachées et application a la détection de régions homogènes dans les séquences d'ADN." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S008.
Повний текст джерелаGarivier, Aurélien. "Modèles contextuels et alphabets infinis en théorie de l'information." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112192.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis explores some contemporary aspects of information theory, from source coding to issues of model selection. We first consider the problem of coding memoryless sources on a countable, infinite alphabet. As it is impossible to provide a solution which is both efficient and general, two approaches are considered: we first establish conditions under which the entropic rate can be reached, and we consider restricted classes for which tail probabilities are controlled. The second approach does not set any condition on the sources but provides a partial solution by coding only a part of the information - the pattern - which captures the repetitions in the message. In order to study more complex processes, we come back to the case of finite memory sources on a finite alphabet : it has given rise to many works and efficient algorithms like the Context Tree Weighting (CTW) Method. We show here that this method is also efficient on anon-parametric class of infinite memory sources: the renewal processes. We show then that the ideas on which CTW is based lead to a consistent estimator of the memory structure of a process, when this structure is finite. In fact, we complete the study of the BIC context tree estimator for Variable Length Markov Chains. In the last part, it is shown how similar ideas can be generalized for more complex sources on a (countable or not) infinite alphabet. We obtain consistent estimators for the order of hidden Markov models with Poisson and Gaussian emission
Rynkiewicz, Joseph. "Modèles hybrides intégrant des réseaux de neurones artificiels à des modèles de chaînes de Markov cachées : application à la prédiction de séries temporelles." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010077.
Повний текст джерелаAbbassi, Noufel. "Chaînes de Markov triplets et filtrage optimal dans les systemes à sauts." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873630.
Повний текст джерелаRichard, Hugues. "Prédiction de la localisation cellulaire des protéines à l'aide de leurs séquences biologiques." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011707.
Повний текст джерелаAinsi la majorité de ce travail de thèse s'intéresse au problème de la prédiction du compartiment cellulaire d'une protéine à partir de sa séquence primaire.
Nous nous sommes attachés à proposer des alternatives descriptives aux méthodes existantes de prédiction de la localisation cellulaire en utilisant : (1) de nouveaux descripteurs issus de la séquence nucléique, (2) une approche par chaînes de Markov cachées (CMC) et arbres de décision. L'approche par CMC est justifiée biologiquement a posteriori car elle permet la modélisation de signaux d'adressage conjointement à la prise en compte de la composition globale. En outre, l'étape de classification hiérarchique par arbre améliore nettement les résultats de classification. Les résultats obtenues lors des comparaisons avec les méthodes existantes et utilisant des descripteurs fondés sur la composition globale possèdent des performances similaires.
Matias, Catherine. "Estimation dans des modèles à variables cachées." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008383.
Повний текст джерелаVotsi, Irène. "Evaluation des risques sismiques par des modèles markoviens cachés et semi-markoviens cachés et de l'estimation de la statistique." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2058.
Повний текст джерелаThe first chapter describes the definition of the subject under study, the current state of science in this area and the objectives. In the second chapter, continuous-time semi-Markov models are studied and applied in order to contribute to seismic hazard assessment in Northern Aegean Sea (Greece). Expressions for different important indicators of the semi- Markov process are obtained, providing forecasting results about the time, the space and the magnitude of the ensuing strong earthquake. Chapters 3 and 4 describe a first attempt to model earthquake occurrence by means of discrete-time hidden Markov models (HMMs) and hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs), respectively. A nonparametric estimation method is followed by means of which, insights into features of the earthquake process are provided which are hard to detect otherwise. Important indicators concerning the levels of the stress field are estimated by means of the suggested HMM and HSMM. Chapter 5 includes our main contribution to the theory of stochastic processes, the investigation and the estimation of the discrete-time intensity of the hitting time (DTIHT) for the first time referring to semi-Markov chains (SMCs) and hidden Markov renewal chains (HMRCs). A simple formula is presented for the evaluation of the DTIHT along with its statistical estimator for both SMCs and HMRCs. In addition, the asymptotic properties of the estimators are proved, including strong consistency and asymptotic normality. In chapter 6, a comparison between HMMs and HSMMs in a Markov and a semi-Markov framework is given in order to highlight possible differences in their stochastic behavior partially governed by their transition probability matrices. Basic results are presented in the general case where specific distributions are assumed for sojourn times as well as in the special case concerning the models applied in the previous chapters, where the sojourn time distributions are estimated non-parametrically. The impact of the differences is observed through the calculation of the mean value and the variance of the number of steps that the Markov chain (HMM case) and the EMC (HSMM case) need to make for visiting for the first time a particular state. Finally, Chapter 7 presents concluding remarks, perspectives and future work
Charantonis, Anastase Alexandre. "Méthodologie d'inversion de données océaniques de surface pour la reconstitution de profils verticaux en utilisant des chaînes de Markov cachées et des cartes auto-organisatrices." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066761.
Повний текст джерелаSatellite observations provide us with the values of different biogeochemical parameters at the surface layer of the ocean. These observations are highly correlated with the underlying vertical profiles of different oceanic parameters, such as the Chlorophyll-A concentration, the salinity and temperature of the water column… The sea-surface data and the vertical profiles of the oceanic parameters constitute multi-dimensional vectors. Due to their multi-dimensionality and the high complexity of the dynamics connecting these data sets, their links cannot be modeled linearly. In this thesis we present a methodology to statistically invert sea-surface observations in order to retrieve these vertical profiles. The developed methodology, named PROFHMM, makes use of Self Organizing Maps in order to render the inversion problem compatible with the Hidden Markov Model formalism. PROFHMM makes full use of the topological aspect of the Self Organizing Maps in order not only to generate the topology and states of the Hidden Markov Model, but also improve the estimation of the probabilities essential to the accuracy of the model. The use of the Self Organizing maps was essential in obtaining the results for the geophysical applications of PROFHMM presented in this manuscript. The manuscript was structured in three chapters, each consisting of an article. In the first one, the general methodology of PROFHMM is developed, then tested for the retrieval of vertical profiles of Chlorophyll-A by inverting sea-surface observations. This application demonstrated the ability to synchronize sea-surface data with the output data of numerical models. The second article presents the application of PROFHMM on the inversion of sea-surface data obtained from the AVISO and NOAA projects, in order to retrieve the vertical profiles of temperature over the rail of the ARAMIS mission. The performances obtained demonstrate the ability of PROFHMM to synchronize sea-surface data with in-situ measurements. Finally, in the third article, we present a modification to the Viterbi Algorithm in order to take into account an à priori knowledge of the quality of the observations when performing reconstructions. The proposed methodology, named PROFHMM_UNC, was applied for the reconstruction of the temporal evolution of sea-surface data, by taking into account the quality of the satellite observations used. The validity of the method was proven by performing a twin experiment on the outputs of a numerical model
Boudaren, Mohamed El Yazid. "Modèles graphiques évidentiels." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004504.
Повний текст джерелаPudlo, Pierre. "Estimations précises de grandes déviations et applications à la statistique des séquences biologiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008517.
Повний текст джерелаGreau-Hamard, Pierre-Samuel. "Contribution à l’apprentissage non supervisé de protocoles pour la couche de Liaison de données dans les systèmes communicants, à l'aide des Réseaux Bayésiens." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CSUP0009.
Повний текст джерелаThe world of telecommunications is rapidly developing, especially in the area of the Internet of Things; in such a context, it would be useful to be able to analyze any unknown protocol one might encounter. For this purpose, obtaining the state machine and frame formats of the target protocol is essential. These two elements can be extracted from network traces and/or execution traces using Protocol Reverse Engineering (PRE) techniques.By analyzing the performance of three algorithms used in PRE systems, we discovered the potential of models based on Bayesian networks. We then developed Bayesian Network Frame Format Finder (BaNet3F), our own frame format learning model based on Bayesian networks, and showed that its performance is significantly better than the state of the art. BaNet3F also includes an optimized version of the Viterbi algorithm, applicable to any Bayesian network, thanks to its ability to generate the necessary Markov boundaries itself
Baysse, Camille. "Analyse et optimisation de la fiabilité d'un équipement opto-électrique équipé de HUMS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986112.
Повний текст джерелаHuet, Alexis. "Méthodes particulaires et vraisemblances pour l'inférence de modèles d'évolution avec dépendance au contexte." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058827.
Повний текст джерелаYahiaoui, Meriem. "Modèles statistiques avancés pour la segmentation non supervisée des images dégradées de l'iris." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLL006/document.
Повний текст джерелаIris is considered as one of the most robust and efficient modalities in biometrics because of its low error rates. These performances were observed in controlled situations, which impose constraints during the acquisition in order to have good quality images. The renouncement of these constraints, at least partially, implies degradations in the quality of the acquired images and it is therefore a degradation of these systems’ performances. One of the main proposed solutions in the literature to take into account these limits is to propose a robust approach for iris segmentation. The main objective of this thesis is to propose original methods for the segmentation of degraded images of the iris. Markov chains have been well solicited to solve image segmentation problems. In this context, a feasibility study of unsupervised segmentation into regions of degraded iris images by Markov chains was performed. Different image transformations and different segmentation methods for parameters initialization have been studied and compared. Optimal modeling has been inserted in iris recognition system (with grayscale images) to produce a comparison with the existing methods. Finally, an extension of the modeling based on the hidden Markov chains has been developed in order to realize an unsupervised segmentation of the iris images acquired in visible light
Finkler, Audrey. "Modèle d'évolution avec dépendance au contexte et Corrections de statistiques d'adéquation en présence de zéros aléatoires." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00490844.
Повний текст джерелаLefèvre, Sébastien. "Détection d'événements dans une séquence vidéo." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00278073.
Повний текст джерелаMattrand, Cécile. "Approche probabiliste de la tolérance aux dommages." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738947.
Повний текст джерелаMercier, Fabien. "Cinq essais dans le domaine monétaire, bancaire et financier." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020065.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis studies various themes that are central to modern finance : economic agents rationality and behavioural biases with respect to nominal values, the problem of asset fundamental valuation, the changing landscape of the European post-trade industry catalysed by the Eurosystem project Target 2 Securities, and models of defaults and methods to estimate defaults cycles for a given sector. Techniques employed vary: studies on individual data,econometrics, game theory, graph theory, Monte-Carlo simulations and hidden Markov chains. Concerning monetary illusion, results confirm those of previous study while emphasizing new areas for investigation concerning the interplay of individual characteristics, such as university education, and money illusion. The study of the Fed model shows that the long term relationship assumed between nominal government bond yield and dividend yield is neither robust, nor useful for reduced time horizons. The default model based on hidden Markov chains estimation gives satisfactory results in a European context, and this besides the relative scarcity of data used for its calibration
Chaubert, Florence. "Combinaisons markoviennes et semi-markoviennes de modèles de régression : application à la croissance d'arbres forestiers." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20117.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on Markov and semi-Markov switching regression models, i. E. Finite mixtures of regression models with (semi-)Markovian dependencies. These statistical models enable to analyse data structured as a succession of stationary phases that are asynchronous between individuals, influenced by time-varying covariates and which present inter-individual heterogeneity. The proposed inference algorithm for (semi-)Markov switching generalized linear models is a gradient EM algorithm. For (semi-)Markov switching linear mixed models, we propose MCEM-like algorithms whose E-step decomposes into two conditional restoration steps: one for the random effects given the state sequences (and the observed data) and one for the state sequences given the random effects (and the observed data). Various conditional restoration steps are presented. We study two types of random effects: individual-wise random effects and environmental random effects. The relevance of these models is illustrated by the analysis of forest tree growth influenced by climatic covariates. These models allow us to identify and characterize the three main growth components (ontogenetic component, environmental component and individual component). We show that the weight of each component varies according to species and silvicultural interventions
Ben, Ammar Hamza. "On models for performance evaluation and cache resources placement in multi-cache networks." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S006/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the last few years, Content Providers (CPs) have experienced a high increase in requests for video contents and rich media services. In view of the network scaling limitations and beyond Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are developing their own caching systems in order to improve the network performance. These factors explain the enthusiasm around the Content-Centric Networking (CCN) concept and its in-network caching feature. The analytical quantification of caching performance is, however, not sufficiently explored in the literature. Moreover, setting up an efficient caching system within a network infrastructure is very complex and remains an open problem. To address these issues, we provide first in this thesis a fairly generic and accurate model of caching nodes named MACS (Markov chain-based Approximation of Caching Systems) that can be adapted very easily to represent different caching schemes and which can be used to compute different performance metrics of multi-cache networks. We tackled after that the problem of cache resources allocation in cache-enabled networks. By means of our analytical tool MACS, we present an approach that solves the trade-off between different performance metrics using multi-objective optimization and we propose an adaptation of the metaheuristic GRASP to solve the optimization problem
Olivier, Brice. "Analyse conjointe de traces oculométriques et d'EEG à l'aide de modèles de Markov cachés couplés." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis consists in jointly analyzing eye-tracking signals and multi-channel electroencephalograms (EEGs) acquired concomitantly on participants doing an information collection reading task in order to take a binary decision - is the text related to some topic or not ? Textual information search is not a homogeneous process in time - neither on a cognitive point of view, nor in terms of eye-movement. On the contrary, this process involves several steps or phases, such as normal reading, scanning, careful reading - in terms of oculometry - and creation and rejection of hypotheses, confirmation and decision - in cognitive terms.In a first contribution, we discuss an analysis method based on hidden semi-Markov chains on the eye-tracking signals in order to highlight four interpretable phases in terms of information acquisition strategy: normal reading, fast reading, careful reading, and decision making.In a second contribution, we link these phases with characteristic changes of both EEGs signals and textual information. By using a wavelet representation of EEGs, this analysis reveals variance and correlation changes of the inter-channels coefficients, according to the phases and the bandwidth. And by using word embedding methods, we link the evolution of semantic similarity to the topic throughout the text with strategy changes.In a third contribution, we present a new model where EEGs are directly integrated as output variables in order to reduce the state uncertainty. This novel approach also takes into consideration the asynchronous and heterogeneous aspects of the data
Sekhi, Ikram. "Développement d'un alphabet structural intégrant la flexibilité des structures protéiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC084/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this PhD is to provide a Structural Alphabet (SA) for more accurate characterization of protein three-dimensional (3D) structures as well as integrating the increasing protein 3D structure information currently available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The SA also takes into consideration the logic behind the structural fragments sequence by using the hidden Markov Model (HMM). In this PhD, we describe a new structural alphabet, improving the existing HMM-SA27 structural alphabet, called SAFlex (Structural Alphabet Flexibility), in order to take into account the uncertainty of data (missing data in PDB files) and the redundancy of protein structures. The new SAFlex structural alphabet obtained therefore offers a new, rigorous and robust encoding model. This encoding takes into account the encoding uncertainty by providing three encoding options: the maximum a posteriori (MAP), the marginal posterior distribution (POST), and the effective number of letters at each given position (NEFF). SAFlex also provides and builds a consensus encoding from different replicates (multiple chains, monomers and several homomers) of a single protein. It thus allows the detection of structural variability between different chains. The methodological advances and the achievement of the SAFlex alphabet are the main contributions of this PhD. We also present the new PDB parser(SAFlex-PDB) and we demonstrate that our parser is therefore interesting both qualitative (detection of various errors) and quantitative terms (program optimization and parallelization) by comparing it with two other parsers well-known in the area of Bioinformatics (Biopython and BioJava). The SAFlex structural alphabet is being made available to the scientific community by providing a website. The SAFlex web server represents the concrete contribution of this PhD while the SAFlex-PDB parser represents an important contribution to the proper function of the proposed website. Here, we describe the functions and the interfaces of the SAFlex web server. The SAFlex can be used in various fashions for a protein tertiary structure of a given PDB format file; it can be used for encoding the 3D structure, identifying and predicting missing data. Hence, it is the only alphabet able to encode and predict the missing data in a 3D protein structure to date. Finally, these improvements; are promising to explore increasing protein redundancy data and obtain useful quantification of their flexibility
Chaubert-Pereira, Florence. "Combinaisons markoviennes et semi-markoviennes de modèles de régression. Application à la croissance d'arbres forestiers." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00341822.
Повний текст джерелаPertsinidou, Christina Elisavet. "Stochastic models for the estimation of the seismic hazard." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2342.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first chapter the definition of the seismic hazard assessment is provided, the seismotectonic features of the study areas are briefly presented and the already existing mathematical models applied in the field of Seismology are thoroughly reviewed. In chapter 2, different semi-Markov models are developed for studying the seismicity of the areas of the central Ionian Islands and the North Aegean Sea (Greece). Quantities such as the kernel and the destination probabilities are evaluated, considering geometric, discrete-Weibull and Pareto distributed sojourn times. Useful results are obtained for forecasting purposes. In the third chapter a new Viterbi algorithm for hidden semi-Markov models is developed, whose complexity is a linear function of the number of observations and a quadratic function of the number of hidden states, the lowest existing in the literature. Furthermore, an extension of this new algorithm is introduced for the case that an observation depends on the corresponding hidden state but also on the previous observation (SM1-M1 case). In chapter 4, different hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs) are applied for the study of the North and South Aegean Sea. The earthquake magnitudes and locations comprise the observation sequence and the new Viterbi algorithm is implemented in order to decode the hidden stress field associated with seismogenesis. Precursory phases (variations of the hidden stress field) were detected warning for an anticipated earthquake occurrence for 70 out of 88 cases (the optimal model’s score). The sojourn times of the hidden process were assumed to follow Poisson, logarithmic or negative binomial distributions, whereas the hidden stress levels were classified into 2, 3 or 4 states. HMMs were also adapted without presenting significant results as for the precursory phases. In chapter 5 a generalized Viterbi algorithm for HSMMs is constructed in the sense that now transitions to the same hidden state are allowed and can also be decoded. Furthermore, an extension of this generalized algorithm in the SM1-M1 context is given. In chapter 6 we modify adequately the Cramér-Lundberg model considering negative and positive claims, in order to describe the evolution in time of the Coulomb failure function changes (ΔCFF values) computed at the locations of seven strong (M ≥ 6) earthquakes of the North Aegean Sea. Ruin probability formulas are derived and proved in a general form. Corollaries are also formulated for the exponential and the Pareto distribution. The aim is to shed light to the following problem posed by the seismologists: During a specific year why did an earthquake occur at a specific location and not at another location in seismotectonically homogeneous areas with positive ΔCFF values (stress enhanced areas). The results demonstrate that the new probability formulas can contribute in answering the aforementioned question
Mirauta, Bogdan. "Etude du transcriptome à partir de données de comptages issues de séquençage haut débit." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066424/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we address the problem of reconstructing the transcription profile from RNA-Seq reads in cases where the reference genome is available but without making use of existing annotation. In the first two chapters consist of an introduction to the biological context, high-throughput sequencing and the statistical methods that can be used in the analysis of series of counts. Then we present our contribution for the RNA-Seq read count model, the inference transcription profile by using Particle Gibbs and the reconstruction of DE regions. The analysis of several data-sets proved that using Negative Binomial distributions to model the read count emission is not generally valid. We develop a mechanistic model which accounts for the randomness generated within all RNA-Seq protocol steps. Such a model is particularly important for the assessment of the credibility intervals associated with the transcription level and coverage changes. Next, we describe a State Space Model accounting for the read count profile for observations and transcription profile for the latent variable. For the transition kernel we design a mixture model combining the possibility of making, between two adjacent positions, no move, a drift move or a shift move. We detail our approach for the reconstruction of the transcription profile and the estimation of parameters using the Particle Gibbs algorithm. In the fifth chapter we complete the results by presenting an approach for analysing differences in expression without making use of existing annotation. The proposed method first approximates these differences for each base-pair and then aggregates continuous DE regions
Cuvillier, Philippe. "On temporal coherency of probabilistic models for audio-to-score alignment." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066532/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with automatic alignment of audio recordings with corresponding music scores. We study algorithmic solutions for this problem in the framework of probabilistic models which represent hidden evolution on the music score as stochastic process. We begin this work by investigating theoretical foundations of the design of such models. To do so, we undertake an axiomatic approach which is based on an application peculiarity: music scores provide nominal duration for each event, which is a hint for the actual and unknown duration. Thus, modeling this specific temporal structure through stochastic processes is our main problematic. We define temporal coherency as compliance with such prior information and refine this abstract notion by stating two criteria of coherency. Focusing on hidden semi-Markov models, we demonstrate that coherency is guaranteed by specific mathematical conditions on the probabilistic design and that fulfilling these prescriptions significantly improves precision of alignment algorithms. Such conditions are derived by combining two fields of mathematics, Lévy processes and total positivity of order 2. This is why the second part of this work is a theoretical investigation which extends existing results in the related literature
Miled, Houssem. "Stratégies de résolution en reconnaissance de l'écriture semi-cursive : application aux mots manuscrits arabes." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES050.
Повний текст джерелаAzaïs, Romain. "Estimation non paramétrique pour les processus markoviens déterministes par morceaux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844395.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Haoyu. "Recent hidden Markov models for lower limb locomotion activity detection and recognition using IMU sensors." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC041.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis context is that of the quantified self, a movement born in California that consists in getting to know oneself better by measuring data relating to one’s body and activities. The research work consisted in developing algorithms for analyzing signals from an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensor placed on the leg to recognize different movement activities such as walking, running, stair climbing... These activities are recognizable by the shape of the sensor’s acceleration and angular velocity signals, both tri-axial, during leg movement and gait cycle.To address the recognition problem, the thesis work resulted in the construction of a particular hidden Markov chain, called semi-triplet Markov chain, which combines a semi-Markov model and a Gaussian mixture model in a triplet Markov model. This model is both adapted to the nature of the gait cycle, and to the sequence of activities as it can be carried out in daily life. To adapt the model parameters to the differences in human morphology and behavior, we have developed algorithms for estimating parameters both off-line and on-line.To establish the classification and learning performance of the algorithms, we conducted experiments on the basis of recordings collected during the thesis and on public dataset. The results are systematically compared with state-of-the-art algorithms
Vrignat, Pascal. "Génération d'indicateurs de maintenance par une approche semi-paramétrique et par une approche markovienne." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601975.
Повний текст джерелаGuedon, Yann. "Techniques de modélisation stochastique pour la reconnaissance de la parole." Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD259.
Повний текст джерелаJoo, Arakawa Rocío. "A behavioral ecology of fishermen : hidden stories from trajectory data in the Northern Humboldt Current System." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20224/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work proposes an original contribution to the understanding of fishermen spatial behavior, based on the behavioral ecology and movement ecology paradigms. Through the analysis of Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) data, we characterized the spatial behavior of Peruvian anchovy fishermen at different scales: (1) the behavioral modes within fishing trips (i.e., searching, fishing and cruising); (2) the behavioral patterns among fishing trips; (3) the behavioral patterns by fishing season conditioned by ecosystem scenarios; and (4) the computation of maps of anchovy presence proxy from the spatial patterns of behavioral mode positions. At the first scale considered, we compared several Markovian (hidden Markov and semi-Markov models) and discriminative models (random forests, support vector machines and artificial neural networks) for inferring the behavioral modes associated with VMS tracks. The models were trained under a supervised setting and validated using tracks for which behavioral modes were known (from on-board observers records). Hidden semi-Markov models performed better, and were retained for inferring the behavioral modes on the entire VMS dataset. At the second scale considered, each fishing trip was characterized by several features, including the time spent within each behavioral mode. Using a clustering analysis, fishing trip patterns were classified into groups associated to management zones, fleet segments and skippers' personalities. At the third scale considered, we analyzed how ecological conditions shaped fishermen behavior. By means of co-inertia analyses, we found significant associations between fishermen, anchovy and environmental spatial dynamics, and fishermen behavioral responses were characterized according to contrasted environmental scenarios. At the fourth scale considered, we investigated whether the spatial behavior of fishermen reflected to some extent the spatial distribution of anchovy. Finally, this work provides a wider view of fishermen behavior: fishermen are not only economic agents, but they are also foragers, constrained by ecosystem variability. To conclude, we discuss how these findings may be of importance for fisheries management, collective behavior analyses and end-to-end models
Le, Thanh Trung. "Contribution to deterioration modeling and residual life estimation based on condition monitoring data." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT099/document.
Повний текст джерелаPredictive maintenance plays a crucial role in maintaining continuous production systems since it can help to reduce unnecessary intervention actions and avoid unplanned breakdowns. Indeed, compared to the widely used condition-based maintenance (CBM), the predictive maintenance implements an additional prognostics stage. The maintenance actions are then planned based on the prediction of future deterioration states and residual life of the system. In the framework of the European FP7 project SUPREME (Sustainable PREdictive Maintenance for manufacturing Equipment), this thesis concentrates on the development of stochastic deterioration models and the associated remaining useful life (RUL) estimation methods in order to be adapted in the project application cases. Specifically, the thesis research work is divided in two main parts. The first one gives a comprehensive review of the deterioration models and RUL estimation methods existing in the literature. By analyzing their advantages and disadvantages, an adaption of the state of the art approaches is then implemented for the problem considered in the SUPREME project and for the data acquired from a project's test bench. Some practical implementation aspects, such as the issue of delivering the proper RUL information to the maintenance decision module are also detailed in this part. The second part is dedicated to the development of innovative contributions beyond the state-of-the-are in order to develop enhanced deterioration models and RUL estimation methods to solve original prognostics issues raised in the SUPREME project. Specifically, to overcome the co-existence problem of several deterioration modes, the concept of the "multi-branch" models is introduced. It refers to the deterioration models consisting of different branches in which each one represent a deterioration mode. In the framework of this thesis, two multi-branch model types are presented corresponding to the discrete and continuous cases of the systems' health state. In the discrete case, the so-called Multi-branch Hidden Markov Model (Mb-HMM) and the Multi-branch Hidden semi-Markov model (Mb-HsMM) are constructed based on the Markov and semi-Markov models. Concerning the continuous health state case, the Jump Markov Linear System (JMLS) is implemented. For each model, a two-phase framework is carried out for both the diagnostics and prognostics purposes. Through numerical simulations and a case study, we show that the multi-branch models can help to take into account the co-existence problem of multiple deterioration modes, and hence give better performances in RUL estimation compared to the ones obtained by standard "single branch" models
Borgy, Benjamin. "Dynamique et assemblage des communautés adventices : approche par modélisation statistique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00915465.
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