Дисертації з теми "Sens électrique"
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Lanneau, Sylvain. "Localisation et estimation basées modèle d’un objet ellipsoidal avec le sens électrique artificiel." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0030/document.
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the underwater perception for robotics applications using an electric field. We propose new methods for the inspection, the localization and the shape estimation of an ellipsoidal object using a sensor inspired by the weakly electric fish. Firstly, we show that the object can be detected and its material and position relative to the sensor axis discriminated, using simple threshold detections on the measured currents. Then, we propose the successive implementations of three reactive control laws allowing the sensor to head for the object and revolve around it by following its boundaries. After that, we use the MUSIC algorithm in order to localize the object’s center. Finally, the geometrical parameters of the object and its orientation are estimated thanks to an optimization algorithm based on the least squares method and the inversion of the analytical model of the polarization tensor of an ellipsoidal object. We show that these algorithms can be experimentally implemented. For the localization and the shape estimation algorithms, some additional techniques involving sensor movements are proposed in order to significantly reduce the imprecisions due to the gap between the model and the actual currents’ measurements
Ben, thaier Mehdi. "Modélisation numérique de plaques et de coques composites à l'aide d'une approche au sens de Reissner-Mindlin enrichie pour les problèmes mécanique et piézo-mécanique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100054/document.
The aim of this work is to develop a computational tool for a multilayred piezolelectic plates and shells: a low cost tool, simple to use and very efficient for both convergence velocity and accuracy, without any classical numerical pathologies. In the field of finite elements, there is atheory, called "First-order-shear deformation theories (FSDT) used for the mechanical part in much reserches, taking in account the transverse shear stress effects. There are only five unknows generalized displacement, taking the hypothesis of the midsurface displacement approximation using a 2D constitutive law. In This work we present the piezo electric extension of the FSDT eight nodes plate/shell finite element using seven unknows genralized displacement. Two new mechanical unknowns are added to approximate the thickness in the top and the bottom of the /shell, considering a 3D constitutive law, wich is very interesting study especialy for the thick plate/shell modelisation. The mechanical displacement is approximated using the equivalent single layer approch (ESL) and the electric potential is approximated using the layerwise approch (LW).An evolution is proposed in order to access the best compromise between minimum number of degrees of freedom and maximum efficiency. On one hand, a finite element approximation for the electric potential with respect to the thickness coordinate are presented a linear variation in each layer. On the other hand, the in-plane variation is constant on the elementary domain at each interface layer. The use of a constant value reduces the number of unknown electric potentials. Furthermore, at the post processing level, the transverse shear stress are deduced using the equilibrium equations.Numerous tests are presented in order to evoluate that capability of these electric potential approximations to give accurate results with respect to piezoelasticity or finite element reference solutions
Benachenhou, Mohammed-Rédha. "Electrolocation dans un contexte multi-robots : théorie et expérimentations." Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDN0018.
Pauze, Nathalie. "Fatigue corrosion dans le sens travers court de tôles d'aluminium 2024-T351 présentant des défauts de corrosion localisée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359611.
Nous avons caractérisé la sensibilité de l'alliage 2024-T351 à la corrosion intergranulaire. Il se forme en 7h d'immersion dans NaCl 0.5 M un défaut semi-elliptique de 200 µm de profondeur. Puis la corrosion intergranulaire ralentit fortement.
Nous avons étudié les mécanismes de propagation en fatigue à partir de ces défauts, en particulier la transition entre la corrosion intergranulaire et les fissures transgranulaires courtes de fatigue. A chaque étape de l'endommagement, une estimation des cinétiques, du Delta-K et la morphologie des défauts sont données. Deux mécanismes ont été distingués : un mécanisme de corrosion sous contrainte (cyclique) intergranulaire et un mécanisme de fatigue corrosion transgranulaire. Un critère de transition est proposé
Ait, Ouahmed Mohammed Amine. "Optimisation dans l'auto-partage à un seul sens avec voitures électriques et relocalisations." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0228/document.
This thesis aims at modelling and solving optimization problems related to the management of one-way-electric-car-sharing systems, where users can take a car from a station, use it, and then return it to another station. This generally leads to an imbalanced distribution of cars, with some full stations and other empty ones. A solution to this problem, implemented by car-sharing operators, is to employ staff agents to move cars as needed. However, identifying this need is a non-trivial optimization problem, especially since the system may be more constrained when the vehicles used are electric, which generates battery recharging and autonomy constraints. The global optimization problem addressed is then divided into two sub-problems. The first one is assigning the cars to customers, as well as their routing; it is denoted by ROCSP (Recharging OneWay Car Sharing Problem). The second problem involves agents planning and routing; it is denoted by ESRP (Employee Scheduling Routing Problem). 1. For the ROCSP, we propose two Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) modelizations of the problem: One based on flows and the other based on paths. This means that the two models include the battery-recharging constraints in two different ways. As the exact resolution through the MILP models is quite expensive in terms of computational time and is not adapted for the resolution of real-size car-sharing instances, we introduce heuristics that enable the optimization of cars-redistribution and service management of the service within a reasonable amount of time. These heuristics allows the calculation of the number of cars and the various redistribution operations to be performed on a given day. 2. For the ESRP, this second problem is also addressed with MILP models for the exact resolution, and some heuristics are suggested for an approximate resolution. This process has reasonable calculation time and aims at finding the minimum number of agents to perform the necessary relocation operations that stem from the first problem, namely, the ROCSP. Once the ROCSP and ESRP solved in their static versions, we then focus on the ROCSP by exploring another variant of the problem : ROCSP with dynamic reservation. We also suggest to explore a new concept : Auto-CoPartage, which is a hybridization of car-sharing and carpooling. The stated algorithms are validated on the Auto Bleue electrical vehicles fleet in the network of the city of Nice, essentially by relying on flow generation models to estimate the demand, but also using other instances that we have generated for other cities. All the data are handled using a Geographical Information System
Hamma-Cugny, Hind. "Etude physicochimique de mélanges hydrogéno- et pyrosulfates alcalins pour la catalyse en milieu ionique fondu." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30066.
The SO2 oxidation process is mainly used in sulfuric acid production and flue gas desulfuration. This last aim is directly connected to the increasing demand for a better environment. The working catalyst associated to S02 pollution is usually described chemically by a melt system M2S2O7-MHSO4/V2O5 (M = alkali metal) in steady-state equilibrium with S03/S02/H20/N2/02. The physical chemistry of the molten salt which support the active phase of the catalvst is investigated, in order to contribute to the improvement of the catalytic process. Basic data regarding mixtures of alkali hydrogen-pyrosulfates have been obtained : enthalpy of mixing, conductivity and phase diagrams. A comparative study and a statistic model of thermodynamic mixing properties are presented
Amami, Ezzedinne. "Amélioration de la déshydratation osmotique des produits végétaux par champ électrique pulsé." Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1624.
The work presented in this thesis deals with the development of the osmotic dehydration (OD) process of vegetable products coupled to a pulsed electric field (PEF). It aims at increasing the water loss by minimizing the solid gain. The effect of PEF parameters (intensity and number of pulses), osmotic solution concentration, type of solute or mixtures, osmotic solution temperature and centrifugal field on the kinetics of OD, rehydration and convective drying, has been studied. The main experimental work was carried out with samples of apple and carrot, in form of disk, treated by PEF of different intensities (0. 10-1. 1 0 kV/cm) and different numbers of pulses (100-1000) of 100 μs. OD was carried out at various temperatures (20-40°C), under agitation (250 rpm) or various centrifugal accelerations (0-5430 x g). After the development of an experimental methodology, we observed that the application of PEF enhances both water loss (WL) and solid gain (SG) during OD (under stirring or centrifugation). The combination of PEF with salt enhances additionally the both WL, SG and the rehydration capacity of carrot tissue, but somewhat decreases the firmness of rehydrated product. The application of centrifugal force in combination with PEF and salt addition enhances significantly the WL during OD of carrots, but decreases SG, rehydration capacity and firmness of rehydrated tissue. If the goal of OD is also the gain of solids, the static OD may be better appropriated than the centrifugal OD, which is especially interesting in the case of desirable limitation of solid uptake. By an increase in mild temperatures of the osmotic solution (20 to 40°C), the centrifugal OD duration was reduced in two times (from 120 to 60 minutes). Thus a WL of 70% reached under an electrical energy consumption of 19 kJ/kg for carrots. The combination of the PEF with centrifugal force, salt and moderate heating is desirable when the maximal dehydration of product should be attained. The OD kinetics was described by a two-exponential model involving Iwo simultaneous processes : rapid convection, which cannot be taken into account by Fick's law, and diffusion. Centrifugal osmotic dehydration before the air drying of carrot tissue resulted in a spectacular reduction of drying time and an increase of effective water diffusivity
CADIOU, JEAN-CHARLES. "Etude et mise en uvre de lois de commandes sur un actionneur electrique avec jeux et frottements secs." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066071.
Gaspard, Jean-Robert. "Présentation d'un nouveau système de mesure dynamique des impédances en phase liquide à haute température : étude de la conductivité électrique dans les mélanges fondus métal alcalin dans son halogénure." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10128.
Tomi, Pierre. "Études thermocinétiques et physico-chimiques pour la caractérisation d'une résine époxy thermodurcie : application à l'enrobage de transformateurs secs à enroulements encapsulés." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4245.
Moussa, Imed Eddine. "Analyse des résultats d'une expérience de thermodiffusion réalisée en microgravité (Spacelab D1) dans le mélange eutectique fondu AgI0,72KI0,28 : études par mesures électriques de la diffusion dans des couches minces AgI-KI au voisinage de l'eutectique." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10075.
Manrique, Espindola Dolly Tatiana. "Commande optimale d’une voiture électrique à faible consommation sous contraintes temps réel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0198/document.
In the field of transportation, the research on energy efficiency has been carried out for few decades by the automotive industry, where one of the main objectives is to reduce the energetic consumption. This particular problem can be rephrased as how the vehicle must be driven so that the minimum quantity of energy is used. This is the optimal driving strategy. In this project, a suitable model of the Vir'volt electric vehicle involved in the European Shell Eco-Marathon is obtained. The unknown parameters involved in the vehicle dynamics are estimated using Parameter identification from experimental data. The identified dynamics is used to derive an optimal driving strategy that is intended to be tracked on-line during the driving task. The tracking task is subject to time-varying polytopic constraint on the input and/or the state. A MPC-based tracking strategy that uses an homothetic transformation as a suitable time-varying invariant set is used. The time-varying invariant set guarantees the asymptotic stability of the control law. The problem of the MPC tracking for Linear Parametric Varying (LPV) systems is introduced. A new explicit MPC strategy for LPV systems is developed. This strategy uses a Parameter dependent Lyapunov Function (PDLF) to involve explicitly the time-varying parameter in the control law and so it reduces conservatism. A benchmark is used to test the performances of the optimal driving strategy and the explicit MPC tracking strategy. Finally, a robust adaptive technique with on-line identification of the dynamics is has been proposed and tested in the race showing good performances of the adaptive driving strategy
Bouguessa, Sabrina. "Synthèse de TTF et BI-TTF à ligands azotes, précurseurs potentiels de sels à propriétés électriques et magnétiques : Etude préliminaire des matériaux résultants." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20013.
Laffitte, Jean Claude. "Contribution à une étude unitaire des contacts secs sans frottement : exemples d'applications." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0009.
Bel, Haj Frej Ghazi. "Estimation et commande décentralisée pour les systèmes de grandes dimensions : application aux réseaux électriques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0139/document.
This thesis focuses on the decentralized estimation and control for large scale systems. The objective is to develop software sensors that can produce a reliable estimate of the variables necessary for the interconnected nonlinear systems stability analysis. A decomposition of a such large system into a set of n interconnected subsystems is paramount for model simplification. Then, taking into account the nature of the subsystem as well as the interconnected functions, observer-based decentralized control laws have been synthesized. Each control law is associated with a subsystem which allows it to be locally stable, thus the stability of the overall system is ensured. The existence of an observer and a controller gain matrix stabilizing the system depends on the feasibility of an LMI optimization problem. The LMI formulation, based on Lyapunov approach, is elaborated by applying the DMVT technique on the nonlinear interconnection function, assumed to be bounded and uncertain. Thus, non-restrictive synthesis conditions are obtained. Observer-based decentralized control schemes have been proposed for nonlinear interconnected systems in the continuous and discrete time. Robust Hinfini decentralized controllers are provided for interconnected nonlinear systems in the presence of perturbations and parametric uncertainties. Effectiveness of the proposed schemes are verified through simulation results on a power systems with interconnected machines
Bachère, Laurence. "Propriétés électroniques de conducteurs organiques : - les sels (DMtTSF)2 X AVEC X = PF6, AsF6, BF4, ClO4, ReO4 - le supraconducteur TTF [Ni(dmit)2] 2, étude par transport électrique sous champ magnétique intense." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0022.
Saoud, Khalid. "Les conducteurs organiques. Application aux condensateurs électrolytiques à aluminium." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20182.
Javidan, Azarang. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux matériaux organiques cristallins conducteurs issus de précurseurs de type tétrachalcogénofulvalène." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20128.
Siniscalco, David. "Assemblage or/polymère d’épaisseur nanométrique : influence de la température sur les propriétés physiques." Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA1022/document.
This thesis is part of an effort to describe the impact of temperature on hybrid systems and more particularly on a gold/polymer system. The use and study of properties of gold thin film is a timely topic as evidenced by the large number of publications each year (>6000). The fields of applications are numerous especially in areas of electronics, medical or energy… Many factors can modify physical properties (structural, electrical, optical) of nanoscale assemblies. In this work, we have chosen to study the influence on physical properties of the assembly of the substrate temperature during the deposition of thin layers of gold.In the first part, effects of temperature on the surface morphology of the assemblies will become apparent from a statistical study of AFM images. To perform this analysis we have developed a new granular analysis method called IDF – Interfacial Differential Function. We will demonstrate the effectiveness of this statistical approach against the existing methods by analyzing different models and surfaces, by extracting the characteristic distances (grain size, inter-grain distance). The method has been successfully applied to the study by demonstrating changes in the morphology of thin films deposited on silicon versus the temperature of the substrate during deposition. We were able to show that, contrary to what previously described in the literature, the increased roughness observed when the deposition temperature increased, is not due to an increase in the width of the grains.In a second part, we will study the evolution of the internal structure of assemblies based on the deposition temperature. The strong influence of the thermal properties of the polymer structure on the gold/polymer nano-assembly has been shown by X-ray reflectivity and transmission electron microscopy. The combination of x-ray reflectivity associated with the atomic force microscopy has allowed us to reveal the evolution with the temperature of the structure changes from a layered structure at low temperature to a more complex structure of composite type with the presence of polystyrene on the surface for high temperatures.In the last part, the impact of temperature on optical electric properties, assemblies will be presented. The transition from a conductive surface at low temperature to a high temperature insulating surface will be highlighted via an original study based on a mapping of electrical resistance produced by AFM. Optical exaltation properties will be presented through a study by Raman spectroscopy.In conclusion, results of this work will be put in perspective with respect to potential applications such as flexible electronics and fabrication of sensors
Capy, Florence. "Etude et conception d'un interrupteur de puissance monolithique à auto-commutation : le thyristor dual disjoncteur." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/708/.
Systems the using renewable energies, use switches with complex and bulky drive circuit. Self -controlled switches lead to simplified topologies of this power converters because self switching mode operation does not require any auxiliary power supply, external drive circuit and sensor. That's why we propose to develop, with functional integration concept, an integrated device with self-switching and current bidirectional capabilities, i. E. A self turn-off zero voltage switching mode thyristor. To achieve this function, two original topologies based on a MOS-thyristor and an IGBT are proposed. The two solutions are analyzed with 2D physical simulation and then devices are realized. The electrical characterizations show that electrical behavior of the first solution, well suited to monolithic integration, is very sensitive to technological parameters. The second topology is more interesting to validate the electrical target specifications but its integration is more difficult
Danilov, Artem. "Design, characterisation and biosensing applications of nanoperiodic plasmonic metamaterials." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0110/document.
This thesis consideres novel promissing architechtures of plasmonic metamaterial for biosensing, including: (I) 2D periodic arrays of Au nanoparticles, which can support diffractively coupled surface lattice resonances; (II) 3D periodic arrays based on woodpile-assembly plasmonic crystals, which can support novel delocalized plasmonic modes over 3D structure. A systematic study of conditions of plasmon excitation, properties and sensitivity to local environment is presented. It is shown that such arrays can combine very high spectral sensitivity (400nm/RIU and 2600 nm/RIU, respectively) and exceptionally high phase sensitivity (> 105 deg./RIU) and can be used for the improvement of current state-of-the-art biosensing technology. Finally, a method for probing electric field excited by plasmonic nanostructures (single nanoparticles, dimers) is proposed. It is implied that this method will help to design structures for SERS, which will later be used as an additional informational channel for biosensing
Hébert, Mathieu. "Étude de nouveaux mélanges électrolytiques à base d'ylures de phosphore ou de phosphines avec leurs sels de phosphonium pour application en pile solaire." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3189/1/M9793.pdf.