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1
Bhawna, N. K. Multani, and Zile Singh Kundu. "SHOULDER MUSCLE STRENGTH IN ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT SHOULDER PAIN." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 4, no. 4 (August 11, 2016): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2016.149.
Повний текст джерела
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Muething, Alyssa, Shellie Acocello, Kimberly A. Pritchard, Stephen F. Brockmeier, Susan A. Saliba, and Joseph M. Hart. "Shoulder-Muscle Activation in Individuals With Previous Shoulder Injuries." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2014-0160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context:Understanding how muscles activate in a population with a previous glenohumeral-joint (GH) injury may help clinicians understand how to build a conservative treatment plan to strengthen or activate the specific muscles in an attempt to reduce recurrent shoulder injury and development of GH laxity.Objective:To investigate muscle-activation differences between the previously injured limb of individuals with a history of GH-joint injury and healthy matched controls during functional isometric contractions.Design:Case control.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:17 individuals (8 women, 9 men; age 22.3 ± 2.6 y, height 172.4 ± 8.8 cm, mass 75.4 ± 16.5 kg) with previous unilateral shoulder pain and 17 (8 women, 9 men; age 22.9 ± 3.9 y, height 170.9 ± 11.3 cm, mass 73.6 ± 22.9 kg) with no history of shoulder pain or injury.Intervention(s):Diagnostic ultrasound measurements of the supraspinatus were completed in both resting and contracted states to assess changes in muscle thickness. Manual muscle tests (anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, infraspinatus, lower trapezius, serratus anterior) and functional isometric contractions (forward flexion, scaption, abduction) were measured using electromyography.Main Outcome Measures:Peak, normalized activation of each muscle and supraspinatus thickness activation ratio were compared between groups and bilaterally within groups using separate ANOVAs.Results:The anterior deltoid was significantly less activated during all functional isometric tasks in previously injured subjects than in healthy subjects (P = .024). In previously injured subjects, the involved limb-lower trapezius was significantly less activated during scaption and abduction tasks than the contralateral side (P = .022 and P = .031, respectively).Conclusions:There were decreases in muscle activation in the anterior deltoid between previously injured and healthy people, as well as in the lower trapezius, in previously injured subjects. Understanding the source of muscle-activation deficits can help clinicians focus rehabilitation exercises on specific muscles.
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Jacob, J., P. O'Connor, and B. Pass. "Muscle Injury Around the Shoulder." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 26, no. 05 (October 2022): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractAcute shoulder tendon and intra-articular injuries are common and their imaging well described. However, a subset of patients present with more unusual acute shoulder muscle injury. Of these, pectoralis major muscle injuries are encountered the most often and are increasingly prevalent due to a focus on personal fitness, particularly bench-press exercises. Other muscle injuries around the shoulder are rare. This article reviews the anatomy, mechanism of injury, and the imaging findings in relation to injuries of these muscles around the shoulder. We focus on pectoralis major injury but also review proximal triceps, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and deltoid muscle injuries, providing imaging examples.
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Moeller, Chad R., Kellie C. Huxel Bliven, and Alison R. Snyder Valier. "Scapular Muscle-Activation Ratios in Patients With Shoulder Injuries During Functional Shoulder Exercises." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: Alterations in scapular muscle activation, which are common with glenohumeral (GH) injuries, affect stability and function. Rehabilitation aims to reestablish activation between muscles for stability by progressing to whole-body movements. Objective: To determine scapular muscle-activation ratios and individual muscle activity (upper trapezius [UT], middle trapezius [MT], lower trapezius [LT], serratus anterior [SA]) differences between participants with GH injuries and healthy control participants during functional rehabilitation exercises. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-nine participants who had GH injuries (n = 20; age = 23.6 ± 3.2 years, height = 170.7 ± 11.5 cm, mass = 74.7 ± 13.1 kg) or were healthy (n = 19; age = 24.4 ± 3.3 years, height = 173.6 ± 8.6 cm, mass = 74.7 ± 14.8 kg) were tested. Intervention(s): Clinical examination confirmed each participant's classification as GH injury or healthy control. Participants performed 4 exercises (bow and arrow, external rotation with scapular squeeze, lawnmower, robbery) over 3 seconds with no load while muscle activity was recorded. Main Outcome Measure(s): We used surface electromyography to measure UT, MT, LT, and SA muscle activity. Scapular muscle-activation ratios (UT:MT, UT:LT, and UT:SA) were calculated (normalized mean electromyography of the UT divided by normalized mean electromyography of the MT, LT, and SA). Exercise × group analyses of variance with repeated measures were conducted. Results: No group differences for activation ratios or individual muscle activation amplitude were found (P > .05). Similar UT:MT and UT:LT activation ratios during bow-and-arrow and robbery exercises were seen (P > .05); both had greater activation than external-rotation-with-scapular-squeeze and lawnmower exercises (P < .05). The bow-and-arrow exercise elicited the highest activation from the UT, MT, and LT muscles; SA activation was greatest during the external-rotation-with-scapular-squeeze exercise. Conclusions: Scapular muscle activation was similar between participants with GH injuries and healthy control participants when performing the unloaded multiplanar, multijoint exercises tested. High activation ratios during the bow-and-arrow exercise indicate UT hyperactivity or decreased MT, LT, and SA activity. Our GH injury group may be comparable to high-functioning injured athletes. Study results may assist clinicians in selecting appropriate exercises for scapular muscle activation when caring for injured athletes.
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Melnyk, O. O., та M. V. Melnyk. "Біоморфологічні особливості м’язів, діючих на плечовий суглоб, деяких представників ряду горобцеподібних – Ordо Passeriformes". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, № 77 (7 березня 2017): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7713.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biomorphological features of muscles that act on the shoulder joint of some representatives of orderPasseriformes are represented in the article. As shoulder joint of birds has many axes, not only the muscles of the shoulder joint provide the movements in it, but some of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and elbow joint. It should be noted that the main flight muscles of birds are the shoulder girdle muscles, including the chest (m. pectoralis) and supra-coracoid muscles. Some muscles of an elbow joint, including m. coracoradialis and m. scapuli triceps, are equally important. However, the amount of muscles that somehow act on the shoulder joint of the investigated birds' species is different, the degree of muscle development in these species is also different. In order to understand the degree of development, particularly mechanisms of differentiation and development of muscle structures, a comprehensive study of the muscles of the shoulder girdle, shoulder and elbow joints was conducted. The material for the research was obtained from the funds of the Department of animal anatomy named after acad. V.G. Kasyanenko of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, where the studies of muscular structures of the shoulder joint of some representatives of order Passeriformes, including raven (Corvus corax), rook (Corvus fragilegus), waxwings (Bombycilla garrulous), were conducted. Research of muscles of the shoulder joint, shoulder girdle and elbow joint of birds was performed on fresh or fixed in 10% formalin solution cadavers. After describing and defining of fixation points of the muscles, they were dissected to determine the location of the muscle fibers. In addition, in order to determine the degree of development of muscles and muscle groups, each muscle was weighed. During the research, muscles were drawn or pictured to complement the work with illustrative material. There was no larger or smaller muscle neither in muscle group of shoulder, nor elbow joint that should be significantly for each case. There is no clear stability in the development of muscle groups of these joints. At the same time, muscle group of elbow joint is more developed than the muscle group of shoulder joint. All these mentioned features of structure and differentiation of muscles, which act on the shoulder joint of birds, are caused by physical exertion, posed by adaptation to a different type, speed and duration of flight.
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Chang, Hsiao-Yun, Chen-Sheng Chen, Shun-Hwa Wei, and Chi-Huang Huang. "Recovery of Joint Position Sense in the Shoulder after Muscle Fatigue." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 15, no. 4 (November 2006): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.15.4.312.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context:Fatigue of the shoulder rotator muscles may negatively affect joint position sense (JPS) and ultimately lead to injury.Objective:Recovery of shoulder JPS after muscle fatigue.Design:A repeated-measures study.Setting:Musculoskeletal research laboratory.Patients:Thirteen subjects participated in joint position error tests and isokinetic concentric strength assessment in shoulder rotation, before and after rotator muscle fatigue.Interventions:Local muscle fatigue was induced using isokinetic concentric contractions of the shoulder rotator muscles.Main Outcome Measurements:Shoulder rotator strength and JPS error signals were measured before fatigue, immediately after fatigue, and every ten minutes thereafter for one hour.Results:Before shoulder rotation muscle fatigue, the accuracy of shoulder JPS was 2.79 ± 1.67 degrees. After muscle fatigue, the accuracy decreased to 6.39 ± 2.90 degrees. Shoulder JPS was influenced up to 40 minutes after muscle fatigue, but shoulder strength was only affected for 10 minutes after muscle fatigue.Conclusions:Proprioceptive recovery was slower than strength following fatigue of the shoulder rotators.
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Nie, Hongling, Adam Kawczynski, Pascal Madeleine, and Lars Arendt-Nielsen. "Delayed onset muscle soreness in neck/shoulder muscles." European Journal of Pain 9, no. 6 (December 2005): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.12.009.
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Bolton, G., SJ Moss, M. Sparks, and PC Venter. "Thoracic posture, shoulder muscle activation patterns and isokinetic strength of semi-professional rugby union players." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 1 (April 29, 2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2013/v25i1a386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Shoulder injuries are the most severe injuries in rugby union players, accounting for almost 20% of injuries related to the sport and resulting in lost playing hours.Objective. To profile the thoracic posture, scapular muscle activation patterns and rotator cuff muscle isokinetic strength of semi-professionalrugby union players.Methods. Using the hand-behind-the-neck and -back methods, we manually tested the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joints of 91 uninjured semi-professional rugby union players who consented to participate in the study. Profiling and classification of thoracic posture was performed according to the New York Posture Test. Activation patterns of the upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior and infraspinatus scapular muscles were determined by electromyography. The isokinetic muscle strength of the rotator cuff muscles was determined at 60°/sec by measuring the concentric and eccentric forces during internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER).Results. Participants presented with non-ideal or unsatisfactory internal (59%) and external (85%) rotators of the shoulder. A slightly abnormal or abnormal forward head posture was observed in 55% of participants, while 68% had an abnormal shoulder position in the lateral view. The muscle activation sequence of the rotator cuff muscles was: (i) serratus anterior, (ii) lower trapezius, (iii) infraspinatus, and (iv) upper trapezius. The isokinetic ER/IR muscle-strength ratio during concentric muscle contraction was 64% (standard deviation (SD) ±14) for the left shoulder and 54% (SD ±10) for the right shoulder. The ER/IR ratio for eccentric muscle contraction was 67% (SD ±12) and 61% (SD ±9) for the left and right shoulders, respectively.Conclusions. Non-ideal or unsatisfactory flexibility of the external rotators of the shoulder, a forward shoulder posture in the lateral view, and weakness of the external rotators did not result in an abnormal rotator cuff muscle activation pattern in this study. Postural deviations may, however, increase the risk of shoulder injury in rugby union players in the long term, and should be corrected.
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Bolton, G., SJ Moss, M. Sparks, and PC Venter. "Thoracic posture, shoulder muscle activation patterns and isokinetic strength of semi-professional rugby union players." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 1 (March 15, 2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2013/v25i1a386.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Shoulder injuries are the most severe injuries in rugby union players, accounting for almost 20% of injuries related to the sport and resulting in lost playing hours.Objective. To profile the thoracic posture, scapular muscle activation patterns and rotator cuff muscle isokinetic strength of semi-professionalrugby union players.Methods. Using the hand-behind-the-neck and -back methods, we manually tested the range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joints of 91 uninjured semi-professional rugby union players who consented to participate in the study. Profiling and classification of thoracic posture was performed according to the New York Posture Test. Activation patterns of the upper and lower trapezius, serratus anterior and infraspinatus scapular muscles were determined by electromyography. The isokinetic muscle strength of the rotator cuff muscles was determined at 60°/sec by measuring the concentric and eccentric forces during internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER).Results. Participants presented with non-ideal or unsatisfactory internal (59%) and external (85%) rotators of the shoulder. A slightly abnormal or abnormal forward head posture was observed in 55% of participants, while 68% had an abnormal shoulder position in the lateral view. The muscle activation sequence of the rotator cuff muscles was: (i) serratus anterior, (ii) lower trapezius, (iii) infraspinatus, and (iv) upper trapezius. The isokinetic ER/IR muscle-strength ratio during concentric muscle contraction was 64% (standard deviation (SD) ±14) for the left shoulder and 54% (SD ±10) for the right shoulder. The ER/IR ratio for eccentric muscle contraction was 67% (SD ±12) and 61% (SD ±9) for the left and right shoulders, respectively.Conclusions. Non-ideal or unsatisfactory flexibility of the external rotators of the shoulder, a forward shoulder posture in the lateral view, and weakness of the external rotators did not result in an abnormal rotator cuff muscle activation pattern in this study. Postural deviations may, however, increase the risk of shoulder injury in rugby union players in the long term, and should be corrected.
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Parry, Joseph S., Rachel Straub, and Daniel J. Cipriani. "Shoulder- and Back-Muscle Activation During Shoulder Abduction and Flexion Using a Bodyblade Pro Versus Dumbbells." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 21, no. 3 (August 2012): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.21.3.266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context:The Bodyblade Pro is used for shoulder rehabilitation after injury. Resistance is provided by blade oscillations—faster oscillations or higher speeds correspond to greater resistance. However, research supporting the Bodyblade Pro’s use is scarce, particularly in comparison with dumbbell training.Objective:To compare muscle activity, using electromyography (EMG), in the back and shoulder regions during shoulder exercises with the Bodyblade Pro vs dumbbells.Design:Randomized crossover study.Setting:San Diego State University biomechanics laboratory.Participants:11 healthy male subjects age 19–32 y.Intervention:Subjects performed shoulder-flexion and -abduction exercises using a Bodyblade Pro and dumbbells (5, 8, and 10 lb) while EMG recorded activity of the deltoid, pectoralis major, infraspinatus, serratus anterior, and erector spinae.Main Outcome Measures:Average peak muscle activity (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) was separately measured for shoulder abduction and flexion in the range of 85° to 95°. Differences among exercise devices were separately analyzed for the flexed and abducted positions using 1-way repeated-measures ANOVA.Results:The Bodyblade Pro produced greater muscle activity than all the dumbbell trials. Differences were significant for all muscles measured (all P < .01) except for the erector spinae during shoulder flexion with a 10-lb dumbbell. EMG activity for the Bodyblade Pro exceeded 50% of the MVIC during both shoulder flexion and abduction. For the dumbbell conditions, only the 10-lb trials approached this effect.Conclusions:Using a Bodyblade during shoulder exercises results in greater shoulder- and back-muscle recruitment than dumbbells. The Bodyblade Pro can activate multiple muscles in a single exercise and thereby minimize the need for multiple dumbbell exercises. The Bodyblade Pro is an effective device for shoulder- and back-muscle activation that warrants further use by clinicians interested in its use for rehabilitation.
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Salian, Shivani Chowdhury, Mansi Modi, and Divya Desai. "THE EFFECTS OF HAND GRIP FORCE ON SHOULDER MUSCLE ACTIVITY AT DIFFERENT ANGLES OF SHOULDER RANGE OF MOTION IN PATIENTS WITH SHOULDER PAIN." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 7, no. 5 (October 11, 2019): 3220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2019.168.
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Sawada, Tomonori, Hiroki Okawara, Daisuke Nakashima, Shuhei Iwabuchi, Morio Matsumoto, Masaya Nakamura, and Takeo Nagura. "Reliability of Trapezius Muscle Hardness Measurement: A Comparison between Portable Muscle Hardness Meter and Ultrasound Strain Elastography." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 7200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prolonged computer work and smartphone use can cause stiffness of the neck and shoulder muscles, including the trapezius muscle. Hence, muscle hardness quantification is clinically beneficial. The present study aimed to examine the reliability of trapezius muscle hardness measurement using a portable muscle hardness meter and ultrasound strain elastography. Overall, 20 healthy young men participated in this study. Prior to measurement, the participant’s subjective symptoms, particularly shoulder muscle stiffness, were rated using an 11-point verbal scale. Furthermore, hardness of the right and left upper trapezius muscles was assessed. In the strain elastography assessment, muscle hardness was evaluated using strain ratio. Results showed that, in quantifying upper trapezius muscle hardness, both portable muscle hardness meter and strain elastography had an excellent intra-tester reliability (>0.9). However, the correlation coefficients between muscle hardness values assessed using a muscle hardness meter and those evaluated with strain elastography did not significantly differ, and the scores for subjective shoulder stiffness did not correspond to muscle hardness values. Therefore, the hardness of the trapezius muscle does not directly reflect the subjective shoulder stiffness. Future studies should thoroughly examine the location of the shoulder stiffness, and check whether it is accompanied by local pain or tenderness.
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Henry, Timothy J., Scott M. Lephart, Jorge Giraldo, David Stone, and Freddie H. Fu. "The Effect of Muscle Fatigue on Muscle Force-Couple Activation of the Shoulder." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 10, no. 4 (November 2001): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.10.4.246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context:Muscle fatigue is an important concept in regard to the muscle function of the shoulder joint. Its effect on the muscle force couples of the glenohumeral joint has not been fully identified.Objective:To examine the effects of muscle fatigue on muscle force-couple activation in the normal shoulder.Design:Pretest, posttest.Patients:Ten male subjects, age 18–30 years, with no previous history of shoulder problems.Main Outcome Measures:EMG (area) values were assessed for the anterior and middle deltoid, subscapularis, and infraspinatus muscles during 4 dynamic stabilizing exercises before and after muscle fatigue. The exercises examined were a push-up, horizontal abduction, segmental stabilization, and rotational movement on a slide board.Results:No significant differences were observed for any of the muscles tested.Conclusions:The results of our study indicate that force-couple coactivation of the glenohumeral joint is not significantly altered after muscle fatigue.
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Kubota, Atsushi, Chiho Takayanagi, and Kohei Kishimoto. "Shoulder muscle weakness effects on muscle hardness around the shoulder joint and scapulae." Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy 5, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jsmt.1001049.
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Aghazadeh, Fereydoun, Mohamed Mokrani, Saif Al-Qaisi, Laura Ikuma, and Marwa Hassan. "Effect of overhead lifting on neck and shoulder muscle activity and upper extremity joint angles." Occupational Ergonomics 10, no. 4 (September 26, 2012): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2012-0200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of varying amount of lifted weight on upper extremity joint angles and muscle activity of the neck and shoulder. Two-dimensional elbow and shoulder kinematics of overhead lifting were determined, and simultaneously surface electromyographic (EMG) data from the upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles were collected. Results show that as lifted weight increased, the EMG activity of both muscles increased accordingly. Increasing the weight also resulted in increased maximum elbow joint angle and decreased maximum shoulder joint angle, but the effects were not significant. Shoulder angle and muscle activity were highly correlated. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.39 to 0.75 for the trapezius muscle and from 0.38 to 0.42 for the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The elbow joint angle had low to no influence on shoulder and neck muscle activity.
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de Castro, Marcelo Peduzzi, Daniel Cury Ribeiro, Felipe de Camargo Forte, Joelly Mahnic de Toledo, Roberto Costa Krug, and Jefferson Fagundes Loss. "Estimated Force and Moment of Shoulder External Rotation Muscles: Differences Between Transverse and Sagittal Planes." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 6 (December 2012): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.6.701.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to compare shoulder muscle force and moment production during external rotation performed in the transverse and sagittal planes. An optimization model was used for estimating shoulder muscle force production of infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid and posterior deltoid muscles. The model uses as input data the external rotation moment, muscle moment arm magnitude, muscle physiologic cross-sectional area and muscle specific tension. The external rotation moment data were gathered from eight subjects in transverse and six subjects in sagittal plane using an isokinetic dynamometer. In the sagittal plane, all studied muscles presented larger estimated force in comparison with the transverse plane. The infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscles presented larger moment in sagittal when compared with transverse plane. When prescribing shoulder rehabilitation exercises, therapists should bear in mind the described changes in muscle force production.
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Kim, Hyun Tae, and Seok Won Chung. "Nonoperative treatment of shoulder pain." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 65, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2022.65.11.699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The shoulder joint has a wide range of motion and is extensively used. Damage in its components may cause functional deficits and pain. In particular, shoulder joint pain is associated with discomfort due to the involvement of the joint’s movement in basic tasks of daily life, such as washing one’s hair, dressing, and eating.Current Concepts: Diseases that cause shoulder joint pain include shoulder impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear and tendinopathy, lesion of superior labrum anterior to posterior, biceps tendinitis, adhesive capsulitis, calcific tendinitis, and shoulder instability. Nonoperative treatment of shoulder joint pain includes: (1) reducing pain and preventing structural damage through rest, lifestyle modification, and physical therapy; (2) reducing pain through drug and injection treatment; (3) strengthening the rotator cuff muscles, around the scapula; and (4) performing scapular stabilization treatment through muscle strengthening. These treatments maintain the biomechanics of the shoulder joint, prevent disease progression, and enable pain-free daily life and exercise through symptom relief.Discussion and Conclusion: It is necessary to have an accurate understanding of the structures that cause shoulder joint pain. Understanding the cause of the pain can prevent the disease from progressing. Nonoperative management for shoulder pain consists of preventing a decrease in the range of motion of the shoulder joint with reduction of pain relief, preventing inflammation through drug treatment, injection treatment, lifestyle modifications, and improving muscle strength of the muscles around the rotator cuff and periscapular muscle joint through rehabilitation exercise. Nonoperative treatment modalities are valuable and cost-effective management options for shoulder pain.
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Madeleine, Pascal, Hongling Nie, and Lars Arendt-Nielsen. "Dynamic shoulder dynamometry: a way to develop delay onset muscle soreness in shoulder muscles." Journal of Biomechanics 39, no. 1 (January 2006): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.10.027.
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PALMERUD, GUNNAR, ROLAND KADEFORS, HȦKAN SPORRONG, ULF JÄRVHOLM, PETER HERBERTS, CHRISTIAN HÖGFORS, and BO PETERSON. "Voluntary redistribution of muscle activity in human shoulder muscles." Ergonomics 38, no. 4 (April 1995): 806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139508925151.
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Broström, Lars-Ake, Margareta Kronberg, and Gunnar Nemeth. "Muscle activity during shoulder dislocation." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 60, no. 6 (January 1989): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453678909149593.
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Kok, Laura M., Jim Schrijvers, Marta Fiocco, Barend van Royen, and Jaap Harlaar. "Use of a Shoulder Rest for Playing the Violin Revisited: An Analysis of the Effect of Shoulder Rest Height on Muscle Activity, Violin Fixation Force, and Player Comfort." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2019.1009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AIMS: For violinists, the shoulder rest is an ergonomic adaptation to reduce musculoskeletal load. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how the height of the shoulder rest affects the violin fixation force and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial neck and shoulder muscles. METHODS: In professional violinists, four different shoulder rest heights during five playing conditions were evaluated. Outcome variables included the jaw-shoulder violin fixation force and bilateral surface EMG of the upper trapezius (mTP), sternocleidomastoid (mSCM), and left anterior part of the left deltoid muscle (mDTA). Playing comfort was subjectively rated on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Linear regression models were estimated to investigate the influence of the shoulder rest height on muscle activity and violin fixation force as well as the muscle activity of the five evaluated muscles on violin fixation force. RESULTS: 20 professional violinists (4 males, 16 females, mean age 29.4 yrs) participated in this study. The shoulder rest condition had a significant effect on playing comfort (p<0.001), with higher shoulder rest conditions associated with decreased subjective playing comfort. The mean violin fixation force for each shoulder rest condition ranged between 2.92 and 3.39 N; higher shoulder rests were related to a higher violin fixation force (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, violin fixation force and muscle activity of the left mDTA increased while playing with an increasing height of the shoulder rest. As the shoulder rest influences muscle activity patterns and violin fixation force, adjustment of the shoulder rest and positioning of the violin need to be carefully optimized.
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Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Joelly Mahnic de Toledo, Roberto Costa Krug, and Jefferson Fagundes Loss. "A Comparison between Two Models of Shoulder Muscle Force Estimation." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 25, no. 1 (February 2009): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.25.1.43.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Shoulder injuries are often related to rotator cuff muscles. Although there are various models for muscle force estimation, it is difficult to ensure that the results obtained with such models are reliable. The aim of the current study was to compare two models of muscle force estimation. Eight subjects, seven male and one female (mean age of 24 yr; mean height of 1.83 m), performed five isokinetic maximum concentric contractions of internal and external shoulder rotation. Two models with different algorithms were used. In both, the input data consisted of the measured internal rotation moment. Comparisons were made between the difference and the average results obtained with each model of muscle force estimation. There was reasonable agreement among the results for force between the two models for subscapularis, pectoralis major, and anterior deltoideus muscles results. Conversely, poor correlation was found for the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and middle deltoid. These results suggest that the algorithm structure might have a strong effect on muscle force estimation results.
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Song, Zhibin, Chao Nie, Shuyang Li, Paolo Dario, and Jian S. Dai. "A Muscle-Specific Rehabilitation Training Method Based on Muscle Activation and the Optimal Load Orientation Concept." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2018 (November 22, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2365983.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Training based on muscle-oriented repetitive movements has been shown to be beneficial for the improvement of movement abilities in human limbs in relation to fitness, athletic training, and rehabilitation training. In this paper, a muscle-specific rehabilitation training method based on the optimal load orientation concept (OLOC) was proposed for patients whose motor neurons are injured, but whose muscles and tendons are intact, to implement high-efficiency resistance training for the shoulder muscles, which is one of the most complex joints in the human body. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the human shoulder was used to predict muscle forces experienced during shoulder movements, in which muscles that contributed to shoulder motion were divided into 31 muscle bundles, and the Hill model was used to characterize the force-length properties of the muscle. According to the musculoskeletal model, muscle activation was calculated to represent the muscle force. Thus, training based on OLOC was proposed by maximizing the activation of a specific muscle under each posture of the training process. The analysis indicated that the muscle-specific rehabilitation training method based on the OLOC significantly improved the training efficiency for specific muscles. The method could also be used for trajectory planning, load magnitude planning, and evaluation of training effects.
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Deng, Hongqiong, Yuan Li, Hong Xie, and Shiwei Li. "Kinematics of Shoulder Injuries in Throwing Sports." Journal of Business Administration Research 6, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v6n2p50.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Muscle injury mechanism should be studied to know how to prevent the muscle injuries. The purpose of this article is to construct a protecting model of shoulder injuries based on classical mechanism and kinematics in throwing sports like baseball pitching, badminton smash, volleyball smash, javelin throwing process etc, and then introduce the products design. Firstly, the biomechanics of muscle were analyzed based on Newton's classical mechanics; then a finite element analysis was used to simulate the shoulder muscles protection. Protective parameters were got to make the protective clothes; finally, the protective performance and the comfortableness has been evaluated by ten healthy participants with the mean age, height, body mass were 23.5 years (SD, 1.5), 1.75m (SD, 0.07), 60.5 kg (SD, 9.1), respectively. The throwing test including the baseball pitching, the badminton smash, the process of volleyball smash, and the javelin throwing process. Three protective clothes have been produced and all of them have a protective effect on the muscle while participants were doing the baseball pitching motion, the badminton smashes motion and the volleyball smash. And it has also met the requirement of the human body. But protecting effect each style given was different in different sports motions.
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Krause, David A., Lucas G. Dueffert, Jaclyn L. Postma, Eric T. Vogler, Amy J. Walsh, and John H. Hollman. "Influence of Body Position on Shoulder and Trunk Muscle Activation During Resisted Isometric Shoulder External Rotation." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 10, no. 4 (April 12, 2018): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118769845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: External rotation (ER) strengthening of the shoulder is an integral component of rehabilitative and preventative programs for overhead athletes. A variety of shoulder ER strengthening exercises are reported, including those intended to integrate the core musculature. The purpose of this study was to examine ER torque and electromyographic (EMG) activation of shoulder and trunk muscles while performing resisted isometric shoulder ER in 3 positions (standing, side lying, and side plank). Hypothesis: Significantly greater force and shoulder muscle activation would be generated while side lying given the inherent stability of the position, and greater trunk muscle activation would be generated in the less stable plank position. Study Design: Quasi-experimental repeated-measures study. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: A convenience sample of 25 healthy overhead recreational athletes (9 men, 16 women) participated in this study. EMG electrodes were placed on the infraspinatus, posterior deltoid, middle trapezius, multifidi, internal obliques, and external obliques. EMG signals were normalized to a maximal isometric contraction. Participants performed resisted isometric ER in standing, side-lying, and side plank positions. Results were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni corrections (α = 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference in ER torque between positions (α = 0.05). A significant difference in EMG activity of shoulder and trunk musculature between positions was found in 7 of the 8 muscles monitored. Significantly greater EMG activity in the infraspinatus, middle trapezius, and the nondominant external and internal obliques was found in the side plank position as compared with standing and side lying. Conclusion: While there was no difference in ER torque between the 3 exercise positions, EMG activity of the shoulder and trunk muscles was dependent on body position. Clinical Relevance: If a clinician is seeking to integrate trunk muscle activation while performing shoulder ER strengthening, the side plank position is preferred as compared with standing or side lying.
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Guney-Deniz, Hande, Gulcan Harput, Ugur Toprak, and Irem Duzgun. "Relationship Between Middle Trapezius Muscle Activation and Acromiohumeral Distance Change During Shoulder Elevation With Scapular Retraction." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0131.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context:The scapular retraction exercises are widely used among clinicians to balance the activity of the scapular muscles as well as the rotator cuff muscles in different shoulder abduction positions.Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between scapular (middle and upper trapezius) and shoulder muscles (middle deltoid and infraspinatus) activation level differences and acromiohumeral distance changes during shoulder abduction with scapular retraction.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:Nineteen asymptomatic individuals were included (mean [SD]: age = 22.4 [1.8] y).Main Outcome Measure:The acromiohumeral distance was measured at 0° and 90° shoulder abduction when the scapula was in nonretracted and retracted position with ultrasound imaging. The relationship between muscle activation level changes and acromiohumeral distance difference was analyzed with the Pearson correlation test.Results:Middle trapezius muscle activity change correlated with acromiohumeral distance difference (r = .55,P = .02) from 0° to 90° shoulder abduction when scapula was retracted. For both nonretracted and retracted scapular positions, no correlations were found between middle deltoid, infraspinatus, and upper trapezius muscle activity changes with acromiohumeral distance differences during shoulder abduction (P > .05).Conclusions:Active scapular retraction exercise, especially focusing on the middle trapezius muscle activation, seems to be an effective treatment option to optimize the acromiohumeral distance during shoulder abduction.
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Lin, Hwai-Ting, Lan-Yuen Guo, Wen-Lan Wu, and Yi-Ting Ding. "EFFECT OF JOINT POSITION AND VELOCITY IN MUSCLE CO-CONTRACTION IN SHOULDER ROTATION(1C2 Musculo-Skeletal Biomechanics II)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2007.3 (2007): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2007.3.s46.
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Melnyk, O. O., та M. V. Melnyk. "Біоморфологія м’язів, діючих на плечовий суглоб чорнодзьобої гагари". Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, № 82 (11 листопада 2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8225.
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The article presents the results of studies of the biomorphological features of muscles acting on shoulder joint of some representatives of order Gaviiformes. Shoulder joint is a multifaceted joint, movements of which are provided not only by the muscles of the shoulder joint itself, but also some muscles of the shoulder girdle and elbow joint. It should be noted that the main muscles of the flight of birds are muscles of the shoulder girdle, in particular: thoracic and m. supracoracoideus. Also important are some of the muscles of the elbow, in particularm.coraco-radialis and m. scapula-triceps This is confirmed both by the points of fixation, and the degree of their development.The degree of development and differentiation of muscles acting on the shoulder joint is different, which is due to the peculiarities of the wing operation during the flight, and in waterfowl – peculiarities of underwater swimmingusing wings. The aim of this biomorphological study was understanding of development degree, and the main, mechanisms of differentiation and transformation of muscles acting on the shoulder joint of birds adapted to the aquatic habitat.Material for research was obtained from the funds of the Department of anatomy of Animals named after acad. V.G. Kasyanenko of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, where the muscle structures of the shoulder joint were studied on black-tailed gagar Gavia immer in number of 3 individuals. Birds of Gaviiformes order are characterized by a rapid, but little maneuverable flight. They are extremely well adapted to the aquatic environment and spend most of their lives in the water, leaving on land only during breeding. These birds perfectly swim and dive, and during diving use not only the pelvic fins but also the wings. This, in turn, imposes certain imprints on the degree of development and differentiation of the studied muscle groups. It was found that among the studied groups of muscles (shoulder girdle, shoulder and elbow joints) the most developed group of muscles is shoulder girdle – 86%. The muscle groups of the elbow – 8.5% and the shoulder – 5.4% of the joints are significantly less. In addition, for the first time, we have found that the largest in its development among all the muscles examined - the thoracic muscle (the group of muscles of the shoulder girdle) has significant differences in comparison with other species of birds. These differences consist in the fact that this muscle is clearly differentiated into two separate layers, in fact two separate muscles – superficial and deep, most of which are developed superficial. Such a differentiation is due to biomorphological adaptations to the habitat.
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Scott, Ramonica, Hyung Suk Yang, C. Roger James, Steven F. Sawyer, and Phillip S. Sizer. "Volitional Preemptive Abdominal Contraction and Upper Extremity Muscle Latencies During D1 Flexion and Scaption Shoulder Exercises." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-255-17.
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Context The abdominal-bracing maneuver, a volitional preemptive abdominal contraction (VPAC) strategy, is commonly used during resisted shoulder exercises. How VPAC affects shoulder-muscle function during resisted shoulder exercise is unknown. Objective To identify the effects of VPAC on selected parascapular and glenohumeral muscles during specific shoulder exercises with or without resistance. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Clinical biomechanics research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty-two asymptomatic volunteers between 18 and 40 years of age. Intervention(s) Participants performed arm elevation in scaption and D1 shoulder-flexion (D1F) patterns with and without resistance and VPAC. Main Outcome Measure(s) Electromyography was used to test the muscle-contraction amplitudes and onset timing of the anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid, upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior. Muscle-response amplitudes were quantified using root mean square electromyography. Shoulder-muscle relative-onset timing was quantified in reference to kinematic elbow-movement initiation. Results The VPAC increased serratus anterior amplitude during D1F (P < .001) and scaption (P < .001) and upper trapezius amplitude (P < .001) in scaption. All muscle amplitudes increased with resistance. The VPAC decreased muscle-onset latencies for the anterior deltoid (P < .001), posterior deltoid (P = .008), upper trapezius (P = .001), lower trapezius (P = .006), and serratus anterior (P = .001) during D1F. In addition, the VPAC decreased muscle-onset latencies for the anterior deltoid (P < .001), posterior deltoid (P = .007), upper trapezius (P < .001), lower trapezius (P < .001), and serratus anterior (P < .001) during scaption. Conclusions The VPAC affected only the parascapular muscles that had the greatest scapular-stabilizing roles during the specific open chain movement we tested. It decreased latencies in all muscles. These neuromuscular changes may enhance the stability of the shoulder during D1F and scaption exercises.
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Swanik, Kathleen A., Kellie Huxel Bliven, and Charles Buz Swanik. "Rotator-Cuff Muscle-Recruitment Strategies During Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 20, no. 4 (November 2011): 471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.20.4.471.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context:There are contradictory data on optimal muscle-activation strategies for restoring shoulder stability. Further investigation of neuromuscular-control strategies for glenohumeral-joint stability will guide clinicians in decisions regarding appropriate rehabilitation exercises.Objectives:To determine whether subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor (anteroposterior force couple) muscle activation differ between 4 shoulder exercises and describe coactivation ratios and individual muscle-recruitment characteristics of rotator-cuff muscles throughout each shoulder exercise.Design:Crossover.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:healthy, physically active men, age 20.55 ± 2.0 y.Interventions:4 rehabilitation exercises: pitchback, PNF D2 pattern with tubing, push-up plus, and slide board.Main Outcomes Measures:Mean coactivation level, coactivation-ratio patterns, and level (area) of muscle-activation patterns of the subscapularis, infraspinatus, and teres minor throughout each exercise.Results:Coactivation levels varied throughout each exercise. Subscapularis activity was consistently higher than that of the infraspinatus and teres minor combined at the start of each exercise and in end ranges of motion. Individual muscle-recruitment levels in the subscapularis were also different between exercises.Conclusion:Results provide descriptive data for determining normative coactivation-ratio values for muscle recruitment for the functional exercises studied. Differences in subscapularis activation suggest a reliance to resist anteriorly directed forces.
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Rienmüller, Anna, Nicola A. Maffiuletti, Hans-Kaspar Schwyzer, and Andreas Eggspühler. "Shoulder Muscle Strength and Neuromuscular Activation 2 Years after Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis—An Experimental Case Control Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has shown successful postoperative outcomes, little is known about compensatory activation patterns of remaining shoulder muscles following RSA. The purpose of this experimental case control series was to investigate shoulder muscle strength and neuromuscular activation of deltoid and teres minor muscles 2 years after RSA. Humerus lengthening, center-of-rotation medialization, maximal voluntary strength, and electromyographic (EMG) activity were compared between the operated and the non-operated side of 13 patients (mean age: 73 years). Shoulder muscle strength was significantly lower on the operated side for external rotation (−54%), internal rotation (−20%), and adduction (−13%). Agonist deltoid EMG activity was lower on the operated side for shoulder flexion, extension, and internal and external rotation (p < 0.05). Antagonist deltoid coactivation was higher on the operated side for external rotation (p < 0.001). Large correlation coefficients were observed between shoulder adductor strength asymmetry and both center-of-rotation medialization (r = −0.73) and humerus lengthening (r = 0.71). Shoulder abduction strength and neuromuscular activation were well preserved 2 years after RSA, while persistent strength and activation deficits were observed for shoulder adduction and internal and external rotation. Additional studies are required to elucidate shoulder neuromuscular activation patterns before and after RSA to support decision making for surgical, implant design, and rehabilitation choices.
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Taghizadeh, Elham, Oskar Truffer, Fabio Becce, Sylvain Eminian, Stacey Gidoin, Alexandre Terrier, Alain Farron, and Philippe Büchler. "Deep learning for the rapid automatic quantification and characterization of rotator cuff muscle degeneration from shoulder CT datasets." European Radiology 31, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-07070-7.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed at developing a convolutional neural network (CNN) able to automatically quantify and characterize the level of degeneration of rotator cuff (RC) muscles from shoulder CT images including muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. Methods One hundred three shoulder CT scans from 95 patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis undergoing anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty were retrospectively retrieved. Three independent radiologists manually segmented the premorbid boundaries of all four RC muscles on standardized sagittal-oblique CT sections. This premorbid muscle segmentation was further automatically predicted using a CNN. Automatically predicted premorbid segmentations were then used to quantify the ratio of muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration, secondary bone formation, and overall muscle degeneration. These muscle parameters were compared with measures obtained manually by human raters. Results Average Dice similarity coefficients for muscle segmentations obtained automatically with the CNN (88% ± 9%) and manually by human raters (89% ± 6%) were comparable. No significant differences were observed for the subscapularis, supraspinatus, and teres minor muscles (p > 0.120), whereas Dice coefficients of the automatic segmentation were significantly higher for the infraspinatus (p < 0.012). The automatic approach was able to provide good–very good estimates of muscle atrophy (R2 = 0.87), fatty infiltration (R2 = 0.91), and overall muscle degeneration (R2 = 0.91). However, CNN-derived segmentations showed a higher variability in quantifying secondary bone formation (R2 = 0.61) than human raters (R2 = 0.87). Conclusions Deep learning provides a rapid and reliable automatic quantification of RC muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration, and overall muscle degeneration directly from preoperative shoulder CT scans of osteoarthritic patients, with an accuracy comparable with that of human raters. Key Points • Deep learning can not only segment RC muscles currently available in CT images but also learn their pre-existing locations and shapes from invariant anatomical structures visible on CT sections. • Our automatic method is able to provide a rapid and reliable quantification of RC muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration from conventional shoulder CT scans. • The accuracy of our automatic quantitative technique is comparable with that of human raters.
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Michener, Lori A., N. Douglas Boardman, Peter E. Pidcoe, and Angela M. Frith. "Scapular Muscle Tests in Subjects With Shoulder Pain and Functional Loss: Reliability and Construct Validity." Physical Therapy 85, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/85.11.1128.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Scapular muscle performance evaluated with a handheld dynamometer (HHD) has been investigated only in people without shoulder dysfunction for test-retest reliability of data obtained with a single scapular muscle test. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, error, and validity of data obtained with an HHD for 4 scapular muscle tests in subjects with shoulder pain and functional loss. Subjects and Methods. Subjects (N=40) with shoulder pain and functional loss were tested bymeasuring the kilograms applied with an HHD during 3 trials for muscle tests for the lower trapezius, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles. Concurrently, surface electromyography (sEMG) data were collected for the 4 muscles. The same procedures were performed 24 to 72 hours after the initial testing by the same tester. Muscle tests were performed 3 times, and the results were averaged for data analysis. Results. Intraclass correlation coefficients for intratester reliability of measurements of isometricforce obtained using an HHD ranged from .89 to .96. The standard error of the measure (90% confidenceinterval [CI]) ranged from 1.3 to 2.7 kg; the minimal detectable change (90% CI) ranged from 1.8 to 3.6 kg. Construct validity assessment, done by comparing the amounts of isometric muscle activity (sEMG) for each muscle across the 4 muscle tests, revealed that the muscle activity of the upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscles washighest during their respective tests. Conversely, the isometric muscle activity of the middle trapezius and serratus anterior muscles was not highest during their respective tests. Discussion and Conclusion. In people with shoulder pain and functional loss, the intrarater reliability and error over 1 to 3 days were established using an HHD for measurement of isometric force for the assessment of scapular muscle performance. Error values can be used to make decisions regarding individual patients. Construct validity was established for the lower and upper trapezius muscle tests; therefore, these tests are advocated for use. However, construct validity was not demonstrated for the serratus anterior and middle trapezius muscle tests as performed in this study. Further investigation of these muscle tests is warranted.
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Hardie, Rebecca, Rachel Haskew, Joel Harris, and Gerwyn Hughes. "The Effects of Bag Style on Muscle Activity of the Trapezius, Erector Spinae and Latissimus Dorsi During Walking in Female University Students." Journal of Human Kinetics 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0005.
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Abstract Back pain is common in adolescents which has been associated with carrying a bag. However, there is little research examining the effects of bag style in female adolescents. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different bag conditions on muscle activity of the trapezius, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi muscles in female university students during walking. Twelve female university students walked on a treadmill for 5 minutes at 1.1 m/s during five conditions; control, 1 strapped rucksack, 2 strapped rucksack, ipsilateral shoulder strap and contralateral shoulder strap, each containing 10% bodyweight. Electromyography for the trapezius, erector spinae and latissimus dorsi was recorded for the last 30 s of each condition. Two-way ANOVA and paired t-tests were used to identify differences between right and left muscles and between bag conditions. Results showed that muscle activity of the left trapezius was significantly higher than the right trapezius during the 1 strap rucksack condition. For the left trapezius, the 2 strapped rucksack and the control condition had significantly lower muscle activity compared to the 1 strapped rucksack and the ipsilateral shoulder strap. For the left erector spinae muscle, there was significantly greater muscle activity when wearing the contralateral shoulder strap compared to the control. For the right erector spinae, significantly lower muscle activity was observed when wearing the 2 strapped rucksack compared to the ipsilateral shoulder strap and contralateral shoulder strap. There were no significant differences in muscle activity of the latissimus dorsi muscles between any of the bag conditions. These findings suggest that a two strapped rucksack should be used when carrying loads to reduce spinal muscle activity which may, in turn, reduce reports of back pain in female adolescents.
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KUROKI, Hiroshi, Masami SUNAMI, Kohzoh SUZUKI, Tosihiro MORINAGA, Hiromichi HAMA, and Renpei IWASAKI. "Measurement of Muscle Strength of Flail Shoulder Joint, "Loose Shoulder"." Journal of exercise physiology 4, no. 4 (1989): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika1986.4.189.
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Escamilla, Rafael F., Kyle Yamashiro, Lonnie Paulos, and James R. Andrews. "Shoulder Muscle Activity and Function in Common Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises." Sports Medicine 39, no. 8 (August 2009): 663–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939080-00004.
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Madsen, Bjarne K., Karen Søgaard, Lars L. Andersen, Jørgen H. Skotte, and Rigmor H. Jensen. "Neck and shoulder muscle strength in patients with tension-type headache: A case-control study." Cephalalgia 36, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102415576726.
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Introduction Tension-type headache (TTH) is highly prevalent in the general population, and it is characterized by increased muscle tenderness with increasing headache frequency and intensity. Aim The aim of this case-control study was to compare muscle strength in neck and shoulder muscles in TTH patients and healthy controls by examining maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) during shoulder abduction, neck flexion and extension as well as the extension/flexion strength ratio of the neck. Methods Sixty TTH patients and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included. Patients were included if they had TTH ≥8 days per month. The MVC neck extensor and flexor muscles were tested with the participant seated upright. MVC shoulder abduction was tested with the individual lying supine. Results Compared to controls TTH patients had significantly weaker muscle strength in neck extension ( p = 0.02), resulting in a significantly lower extension/flexion moment ratio ( p = 0.03). TTH patients also showed a tendency toward significantly lower muscle strength in shoulder abduction ( p = 0.05). Among the 60 TTH patients, 25 had frequent episodic TTH (FETTH), and 35 had chronic TTH (CTTH). Conclusion Patients with TTH exhibited decreased muscle strength in the neck extensor muscles, inducing a reduced cervical extension/flexion ratio compared to healthy people.
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Cross, Janelle A., John deVries, Mason Mocarski, Nicholas C. Ketchum, Eileen Compty, Matthew Krimmer, Jessica M. Fritz, and Carole S. Vetter. "Electromyography of the Shoulder Musculature during Passive Rehabilitation Exercises." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty 4 (January 2020): 247154922096004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2471549220960044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Medical professionals remain conflicted about the best rehabilitation protocol a patient should perform after rotator cuff repair surgery. Exercises deemed passive may be activating the shoulder muscles to a moderate level, thus putting the surgical repair construct at risk for re-injury. The purpose of this study was to measure the activation of the rotator cuff and surrounding musculature during exercises used in physical therapy following rotator cuff repair surgery using electromyography (EMG). Methods Muscle activation was recorded in fourteen participants performing sixteen exercises. Four fine wire electrodes (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor) and six surface electrodes (upper and middle division of the trapezius, anterior, medial and posterior head of the deltoid, biceps brachii) were utilized. EMG activity values for each muscle were normalized to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction and activation levels were assessed. Results Twelve of the sixteen exercises tested were moderately active in the subscapularis muscle. The results show the subscapularis muscle was activated in all three planes of motion. Discussion Most exercises were found to have low activation levels for the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor muscles. While the exercises examined in this study appear to be safe for the more commonly repaired supraspinatus, caution should be used when administering exercises to individuals with repairs involving the subscapularis.
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Verjans, Mark, Nad Siroros, Jörg Eschweiler, and Klaus Radermacher. "Technical concept and evaluation of a novel shoulder simulator with adaptive muscle force generation and free motion." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2016-0017.
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AbstractThe human shoulder is one of the most complex joints of the human body, and due to the high range of motion and the complex soft tissue apparatus prone to injuries. Surgical therapies and joint replacements often lead to unsatisfactory results. To improve the understanding of the complex biomechanics of the shoulder, experimental investigations have to be conducted. For this purpose a new shoulder simulator with an innovative muscle force generation was developed. On the basis of a modular concept six artificial pneumatic muscles were integrated to represent the functionally most important muscles of the shoulder joint, whereby a free and controlled movement of the humerus can be conducted. For each muscle individual setpoints for muscle length control based on a user defined shoulder movement for any artificial or cadaver specimen are created by manual motion “Teach-In”. Additional to muscle forces and lengths, optical tracking and a joint force measurement is used to enable different biomechanical studies of the shoulder joint. This paper describes the technical setup as well as the control strategy and first results of its experimental functional validation.
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Pontaga, Inese, and Janis Zidens. "Shoulder Rotator Muscle Dynamometry Characteristics: Side Asymmetry and Correlations with Ball-Throwing Speed in Adolescent Handball Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 42, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0059.
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Abstract The aim of the investigation was to: 1) compare shoulder external/internal rotator muscles’ peak torques and average power values and their ratios in the dominant and non-dominant arm; 2) determine correlations between shoulder rotator muscles’ peak torques, average power and ball-throwing speed in handball players. Fourteen 14 to 15- year-old male athletes with injury-free shoulders participated in the study (body height: 176 ± 7 cm, body mass 63 ± 9 kg). The tests were carried out by an isokinetic dynamometer system in the shoulder internal and external rotation movements at angular velocities of 60°/s, 90°/s and 240°/s during concentric contractions. The eccentric external- concentric internal rotator muscle contractions were performed at the velocity of 90°/s. The player threw a ball at maximal speed keeping both feet on the floor. The speed was recorded with reflected light rays. Training in handball does not cause significant side asymmetry in shoulder external/internal rotator muscle peak torques or the average power ratio. Positive correlations between isokinetic characteristics of the shoulder internal and external rotator muscles and ball-throwing speed were determined. The power produced by internal rotator muscles during concentric contractions after eccentric contractions of external rotator muscles was significantly greater in the dominant than in the non-dominant arm. Thus, it may be concluded that the shoulder eccentric external/concentric internal rotator muscle power ratio is significantly greater than this ratio in the concentric contractions of these muscles
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BERTHONNAUD, ERIC, MELISSA MORROW, GUILLAUME HERZBERG, KAI-NAN AN, and JOANNES DIMNET. "BIOMECHANICAL MODEL PREDICTING VALUES OF MUSCLE FORCES IN THE SHOULDER GIRDLE DURING ARM ELEVATION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 10, no. 04 (December 2010): 643–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519410003629.
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A three-dimensional (3D) geometric model for predicting muscle forces in the shoulder complex is proposed. The model was applied throughout the range of arm elevation in the scapular plan. In vitro testing has been performed on 13 cadaveric shoulders. The objectives were to determine homogeneous values of physiological parameters of shoulder muscles and to locate sites of muscular attachment to any bone of the shoulder complex. Muscular fiber lengths, lengths of contractile element (CE), and muscle volumes were measured, corresponding physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) were calculated, and force/length muscle relations were found. An in vivo biplanar radiography was performed on five volunteers. The photogrammetric reconstruction of bone axes and landmarks were coupled with a geometric modeling of bones and muscle sites of attachment. Muscular paths were drawn and changes in lengths during movement have been estimated. Directions of muscle forces are the same as that of muscular path at the point of attachment to bone. Magnitudes of muscular forces were found from muscle lengths coupled with force/length relations. Passive forces were directly determined contrary to active muscle forces. A resulting active muscle force is calculated from balancing weight and passive forces at each articular center. Active muscle forces were calculated by distributing the resulting force among active muscles based on the muscular PCSA values.
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Roh, Jinsook, William Z. Rymer, Eric J. Perreault, Seng Bum Yoo, and Randall F. Beer. "Alterations in upper limb muscle synergy structure in chronic stroke survivors." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 3 (February 1, 2013): 768–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00670.2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous studies in neurologically intact subjects have shown that motor coordination can be described by task-dependent combinations of a few muscle synergies, defined here as a fixed pattern of activation across a set of muscles. Arm function in severely impaired stroke survivors is characterized by stereotypical postural and movement patterns involving the shoulder and elbow. Accordingly, we hypothesized that muscle synergy composition is altered in severely impaired stroke survivors. Using an isometric force matching protocol, we examined the spatial activation patterns of elbow and shoulder muscles in the affected arm of 10 stroke survivors (Fugl-Meyer <25/66) and in both arms of six age-matched controls. Underlying muscle synergies were identified using non-negative matrix factorization. In both groups, muscle activation patterns could be reconstructed by combinations of a few muscle synergies (typically 4). We did not find abnormal coupling of shoulder and elbow muscles within individual muscle synergies. In stroke survivors, as in controls, two of the synergies were comprised of isolated activation of the elbow flexors and extensors. However, muscle synergies involving proximal muscles exhibited consistent alterations following stroke. Unlike controls, the anterior deltoid was coactivated with medial and posterior deltoids within the shoulder abductor/extensor synergy and the shoulder adductor/flexor synergy in stroke was dominated by activation of pectoralis major, with limited anterior deltoid activation. Recruitment of the altered shoulder muscle synergies was strongly associated with abnormal task performance. Overall, our results suggest that an impaired control of the individual deltoid heads may contribute to poststroke deficits in arm function.
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Favre, Philippe, Jess G. Snedeker, and Christian Gerber. "Numerical modelling of the shoulder for clinical applications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1895 (May 28, 2009): 2095–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research activity involving numerical models of the shoulder is dramatically increasing, driven by growing rates of injury and the need to better understand shoulder joint pathologies to develop therapeutic strategies. Based on the type of clinical question they can address, existing models can be broadly categorized into three groups: (i) rigid body models that can simulate kinematics, collisions between entities or wrapping of the muscles over the bones, and which have been used to investigate joint kinematics and ergonomics, and are often coupled with (ii) muscle force estimation techniques, consisting mainly of optimization methods and electromyography-driven models, to simulate muscular action and joint reaction forces to address issues in joint stability, muscular rehabilitation or muscle transfer, and (iii) deformable models that account for stress–strain distributions in the component structures to study articular degeneration, implant failure or muscle/tendon/bone integrity. The state of the art in numerical modelling of the shoulder is reviewed, and the advantages, limitations and potential clinical applications of these modelling approaches are critically discussed. This review concentrates primarily on muscle force estimation modelling, with emphasis on a novel muscle recruitment paradigm, compared with traditionally applied optimization methods. Finally, the necessary benchmarks for validating shoulder models, the emerging technologies that will enable further advances and the future challenges in the field are described.
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Pezarat-Correia, Pedro R., Pedro R. Medeiros, Orlando J. Fernandes, João R. Vaz, Luis Silva, and Antonio Carlos Moraes. "Comparison of shoulder and trunk muscle activation between different pullover exercises." Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte 13, no. 3 (March 11, 2020): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33155/j.ramd.2020.03.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: To quantify and compare the electromyographic activity of 10 muscles in three pullover exercises.
Methods: 15 healthy men, with at least two years of experience in resistance training, executed in random order six repetitions with 60% of 1 Maximum Repetition for three different pullover exercises: lying on a step with a barbell, grip 100% biacromial (E1); lying on a step with a barbell, grip 150% (E2); lying on a Swiss ball with a barbell, grip 100% (E3). Surface electromyography was recorded from the Deltoideus (Clavicular and Spinalis Pars), Pectoralis Major (Clavicular and Sternocostalis Pars), Serratus Anterior, Triceps Brachii (Long Head), Latissimus Dorsi, Infraspinatus, Rectus Abdominis, Obliquus Internus Abdominis and Transversus Abdominis. The normalized Maximum Repetition electromyographyc of each muscle was calculated for each exercise.
Results: The most engaged muscles were Infraspinatus (51-53%) and Posterior Deltoid (49-51%). Surface electromyography activity was similar between the E1, E2 and E3 exercises.
Conclusions: This study quantified muscular solicitation during pullover exercises performed with 60% Maximum Repetition. The muscles with higher level of activation were the Posterior Deltoid and the Infraspinatus, suggesting that pullover may be a valid option for strengthening the dynamic stabilizing muscles of shoulder joint in trained individuals. No significant differences in muscle electromyography intensity were observed when grip distance and trunk stabilization were altered, showing that these conditions do not influence muscle activation levels. However, the 1 Maximum Repetition was lower when the pullover was performed on a Swiss ball, suggesting that it is possible to obtain higher level of muscle recruitment with lower weights in unstable exercises.
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Dennerlein, Jack, Maria-Helena DiMarino, Ted Becker, and Peter Johnson. "Wrist and Shoulder Muscle Activity Changes Across Computer Tasks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 13 (September 2002): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601326.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The computer workstation is a ubiquitous tool in the office work environment; however, its use varies across many different tasks from surfing the Internet to typing. The question, therefore, is how does exposure to different physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders vary across tasks? Fifteen adults (10 females, 5 males) completed tasks simulating work at a computer workstation. The tasks were typing text, completing an html-based form, editing a document, a graphics task, and finally navigating through a series of web pages. During these tasks the muscle activity of the wrist prime movers and three shoulder muscle groups were recorded using surface EMG. For the wrist, the extensors were the most active ranging on average from 8 to 25 percent of Maximum Voluntary Contraction amplitude, with the greatest activity occurring in the typing task. The wrist activity decreased when the work changed from a keyboard-based activity to predominantly mouse-based activity. For the shoulder, the greatest activity was in the Trapezius muscle. The shoulder muscles were most active when both the mouse and the keyboard were required by the task. in summary, wrist and shoulder muscle activities at a computer workstation depend upon the type of task at hand.
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Gao, Ying, Lars A. Kristensen, Thomas S. Grøndberg, Mike Murray, Gisela Sjøgaard, and Karen Søgaard. "Electromyographic Evaluation of Specific Elastic Band Exercises Targeting Neck and Shoulder Muscle Activation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 21, 2020): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030756.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Specific strength training at a high intensity is effective in reducing work related neck/shoulder pain. However, it remains to be documented as to which exercises most specifically target neck and shoulder muscles at high activation level while using simple equipment as e.g., elastic bands. We hypothezised that selected exercises would specifically target the respective muscles, as follows: (1) shrugs and reverse flyes: the upper trapezius muscle, (2) cervical extension and lateral flexion: the upper neck extensor muscle, and (3) cervical flexion and rotation: the sternocleidomastoideus muscle. Methods: Eleven healthy males (25.9 ± 1.4 years, BMI 24.3 ± 1.4) with no neck/shoulder pain (VAS = 0) performed the six exercises with elastic bands at 12RM (repetition maximum) and 20RM in a randomized order. Electromyography was bilaterally recorded from the three muscles and it was normalized to maximal voluntary activation (%MVE). Exercises that evoke more than 60%MVE were considered as high intensity activation. Results: High muscle activation level was attained during 12RM in the upper trapezius muscle during shrugs (100.3 ± 29.8%MVE) and reverse flyes (91.6 ± 32.8%MVE) and in the upper neck extensor muscle during cervical extension (67.6 ± 29.8%MVE) and shrugs (61.9 ± 16.8%MVE). In the sternocleidomastoideus muscle, the highest activity was recorded during cervical flexion (51.7 ± 16.4%MVE) but it did not exceed 60%MVE. The overall activity was ~10% higher during 12RM when compared to 20RM. Conclusion: The simple exercises shrugs and reverse flyes resulted in high intensity activation of both the upper trapezius and neck extensors, while no exercises activated sternocleidomastoideus at high intensity.
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Matsebula, Lindiwe Fortunate. "Shoulder Function Following Latarjet Procedure for Recurrent Anterior Shoulder Instability." Journal of Orthopaedics & Bone Disorders 5, no. 1 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jobd-16000205.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Anterior shoulder dislocation and recurrent glenohumeral instability is very common in the young active population. It is usually caused by trauma, and often compounded by associated bony Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesions, which distort the anatomy. This causes instability and dysfunction of the joint and these can be addressed by, amongst others, a Latarjet surgical procedure. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that since the Latarjet procedure results in stability and good functional outcome, our results are expected to compare favourably to the rest of the published literature. Methods: A retrospective study of 31 patients treated with the Latarjet procedure at Helen Joseph hospital, Johannesburg South Africa was undertaken during the period of January 2005 to December 2013. The minimum follow up was 6 months. Stability was assessed looking at re-dislocation rate and the clinical functional outcome was measured using the Constant Score. Results: There were no shoulder re-dislocations and the mean Constant score was 85.35. 74% had a Constant Score above 80. 68% were pain free and 61% had normal activities of daily living while 68% had a full range of motion and 68% had full power. Conclusion: The Latarjet results in stability and good functional outcome. In our patient cohort, the Latarjet procedure provided reliable stability to the shoulder joint. Pain was alleviated, shoulder muscle power was preserved, range of shoulder motion was restored and patients did return to pre injury activities of daily living.
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Markhede, Göran, Josh Monastyrski, and Bertil Stener. "Shoulder function after deltoid muscle removal." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 56, no. 3 (January 1985): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453678508993004.
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Ferguson, S. A., W. G. Allread, P. Le, J. D. Rose, and W. S. Marras. "Shoulder Muscle Oxygenation during Repetitive Tasks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 55, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 1039–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181311551217.
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BRINDLE, TIMOTHY J., JOHN NYLAND, ROB SHAPIRO, DAVID N. M. CABORN, and REBECCA STINE. "Shoulder proprioception: latent muscle reaction times." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, no. 10 (October 1999): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199910000-00006.
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