Дисертації з теми "Simple exercise"

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. Exercise is essential for MASLD management; however, many MASLD patients lack opportunities to exercise and lead active lives. This thesis project: i) evaluated exercise-related barriers and determined patient awareness of exercise's necessity for MASLD management (Study 1); ii) assessed patient attitudes toward exercise and awareness of MASLD through a qualitative analysis of interviews with MASLD patients (Study 2); iii) presented a case study of a 65-year-old female who improved her metabolic health through lifestyle changes, emphasizing exercise and diet (Study 3); and iv) evaluated liver function, metabolic indicators, and health-related quality of life in people with MASLD following an 8-week online, body-weight eccentric exercise intervention. Study 1: A survey on exercise habits, barriers to adherence, and awareness of exercise's effect on MASLD was sent to eighty-one patients at a hepatology outpatient clinic. Results indicated that 73% did not meet the exercise recommendation of 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week, and 54% were unaware that exercise could help with MASLD. Reported barriers included poor physical and mental well-being (57%), limited time (43%), apathy (31%), and fatigue from exercising (24%). These results point to specific barriers requiring intervention and education and suggest future exercise program settings that account for time limitations, fatigue, and attitudes toward exercise. Study 2: A thematic analysis of interviews with 18 MASLD patients revealed high awareness of the condition but low awareness of treatment via exercise. Patients expressed a preference for low-intensity, low-accessibility activities like walking, bodyweight, and resistance training. This study highlights the necessity of matching exercise options to patient preferences, ensuring feasibility for long-term adherence. Study 3: A qualitative single-patient case study assessed obstacles and facilitators to sustained lifestyle changes, demonstrating how holistic, inclusive lifestyle adjustments can impact MASLD. This intervention showed that with adequate instruction and support, the patient could make meaningful changes, reflecting how a customized approach can empower patients to manage symptoms effectively. Study 4: Sixteen participants were divided into an exercise group (n=9) and a non-exercise control group (n=7). The exercise group completed a supervised, progressive web-based body-weight eccentric exercise program for eight weeks. Participants in the exercise group showed significant improvements in hepatic steatosis severity (13.2±13.8%), waist circumference (4.4±13.5%), hip circumference (2.6±11.1%), and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (23.9±30.0%). They also demonstrated enhanced (p < 0.05) physical fitness, including improvements in the sit-to-stand test (24.3±33.2%), 3-metre timed up and go test (-15.6±16.4%), 2-minute step test (37.5±20.5%), and single-leg balance test (25.1±37.6%). These findings suggest that home-based, web-delivered eccentric resistance exercises are an effective intervention for improving liver and metabolic health in patients with MASLD. Overall, the findings from these four studies contribute to a deeper understanding of the barriers, perspectives, and effective interventions for exercise in MASLD patients. The research underscores the need for greater awareness of exercise's role in MASLD management and the importance of addressing patient-specific barriers through tailored interventions. The novel web-based bodyweight eccentric exercise program shows significant potential for improving liver health and physical fitness in this population, addressing key obstacles like time constraints, fatigue, and accessibility. Future interventions should focus on increasing patient education and providing flexible, personalized exercise options to promote long-term adherence and better health outcomes in MASLD management.

A prática regular de exercícios físicos, no envelhecimento, mostra-se útil para trazer benefícios em todos os aspectos da vida dos idosos, e em especial, ao controle postural destes indivíduos que com a senescência, tendem a diminuir tal capacidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar e analisar as alterações promovidas por dois tipos de programas de exercícios sobre o controle postural de indivíduos idosos saudáveis. O desenho do estudo foi um ensaio clínico simples-cego e aleatorizado com braços paralelos. Participaram da pesquisa 46 idosos (69,5±5,4 anos) divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de exercícios: multissensoriais (GMS) (com ênfase na estimulação proprioceptiva geral) e resistido (GR) (para os principais grupos musculares do corpo). As sessões de aproximadamente 1 hora de duração, ocorreram duas vezes por semana num período de 12 semanas no setor de condicionamento físico do Instituto de Medicina Física e Reabilitação (IMREA) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. A avaliação do equilíbrio dinâmico foi feita por meio do teste Timed up and go (TUG). A avaliação do equilíbrio estático, pela plataforma de força e teste de apoio unipodal. Para avaliação das atividades funcionais dependentes do controle postural, foi usada a bateria de testes de Guralnik e escala de equilíbrio funcional de Berg. Também se realizou avaliação isocinética da articulação do tornozelo. Não foram observados efeitos adversos graves. Ao verificar os testes clínicos, apenas o TUG e bateria de testes de Guralnik apresentaram melhoras significativas após a intervenção pelo GMS, sendo que somente a melhora do TUG foi significante em relação ao GR. Quanto à oscilação corporal, apenas o GMS apresentou diminuição significativa da oscilação do centro de pressão na posição unipodal com olhos abertos nos sentidos: ântero-posterior e láteromedial e o GR apresentou apenas diminuição da velocidade de deslocamento do centro de pressão neste mesmo apoio; porém não houve diferenças entre os grupos. O GR apresentou melhora do pico de torque em 3 e o GMS em 6 (dos 8 grupos musculares avaliados) grupos musculares e apenas o GMS melhorou o trabalho dos dorsiflexores e flexores plantares, porém as diferenças entre os grupos não foram significativas. Embora os resultados apresentados pelo GMS tenham sido mais expressivos do que os do GR, os resultados deste estudo permitem afirmar que somente a questão do equilíbrio dinâmico apresentada pelo GMS foi melhor do que a do GR
The practice of regular exercise in aging is helpful to bring benefits in all aspects older peoples life, especially on senescence individuals postural control that tend to reduce such capacity. The aim of this study was to verify and to analyze the changes promoted by two types of exercise programs on postural control in healthy elderly. The study design was a clinical singleblind, randomized parallel-arm. The participants were 46 older (69.5 ± 5.4 years) and were randomly divided into two exercises groups: multi-sensory (GMS) (with emphasis on general proprioceptive stimulation) and resistance (GR) (for the major muscle groups of the body). The sessions of approximately 1 hour long, occurred twice a week over 12 weeks in the fitness department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Institute (IMREA) of the Faculty of Medicine Hospital, University of Sao Paulo. The evaluation of dynamic balance was made by means of the Timed up and go (TUG). The evaluation of static balance, the force platform and one-leg-stance test support. To evaluate the functional activities dependent on the postural control, we used the battery of tests Guralnik battery and balance scale of Berg. We also held isokinetic evaluation of the ankle joint. There were no serious adverse effects. By checking the trials, only the TUG and battery of tests Guralnik present significant improvements after the intervention by the GMS, and only the improvement of the TUG was significant in relation to GR. Relate to the body sway, only GMS was significantly decreased from the displacement of center of pressure in one-leg position with eyes open in the directions: anteroposterior and lateromedial and GR showed only slowing the rate of displacement of center of pressure in this same support, but not were no differences between groups. The GR showed improvement in peak torque at 3 and GMS in 6 (of 8 muscle groups evaluated) muscle groups and only the GMS has improved the work of the dorsal and plantar flexors, but the differences between the groups were not significant. Although the results presented by the GMS have been more significant than the GR, the results of this study have revealed that only the issue of dynamic balance presented by GMS was better than the GR

Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da laserterapia de baixa intensidade (LBI) e do alongamento estático, combinados ou não, em pessoas com osteoartrite de joelho (OAJ). Método: Foram randomizados 145 sujeitos de 50 a 75 anos com OAJ em cinco grupos de intervenção (n=29 cada): Laserativo+Along; Laserplacebo+Along; Along; Laserativo e controle. A laserterapia (GaAs; 904nm; 40mW; 3J/ponto; 27J/joelho) consistiu de nove sessões nos grupos de terapia combinada e 24 quando monoterapia. O alongamento foi composto por sete exercícios repetidos por 24 sessões. O controle recebeu uma cartilha educacional. A frequência de tratamento foi de 3x/sem. A variável primária foi a intensidade da dor medida pela Escala Visual Analógica e as variáveis secundárias incluídas foram domínios dor, função, rigidez e escore total do questionário Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), funcionalidade avaliado pelo Lequesne, mobilidade pelo Timed Up and Go, amplitude de movimento do joelho (ADMJ) pela goniometria e encurtamento de isquiotibiais (IQT) pelo ângulo poplíteo. O nível de significância foi de ?=0,05. Resultados: Nos grupos de terapia combinada, não foi observada diferença entre o laser ativo e placebo (p>0,05). Ao final do estudo, os grupos demonstraram, em média, ganho relativo significativo na dor durante AVDs (50%), WOMAC total (39%), funcionalidade (30%) e mobilidade (20%) em comparação ao controle (p < 0,001). Houve melhora de 43% no encurtamento de IQT e de 9% no ganho de ADMJ nos grupos de terapia combinada em relação ao controle (p < 0,001 e p=0,02, respectivamente). Conclusão: LBI e alongamento estático, quando isolados, foram efetivos na melhora da dor, funcionalidade, mobilidade e nos domínios dor, função e escore total do WOMAC. A LBI nos grupos de terapia combinada não foi superior à aplicação placebo. Portanto, não devemos desconsiderar a contribuição do efeito placebo no resultado do tratamento isolado. A LBI combinada ao alongamento não promoveu benefícios adicionais em relação ao alongamento de forma isolada
Objective: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and static stretching, in combination and as monotherapy, in people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: 145 people aged 50-75 years with KOA were randomly allocated to five groups (each n=29): Laseractive+Stretch, Laserplacebo+Stretch, Stretch, Laseractive and control. The laser therapy (GaAs; 904nm; 40mW; 3J/point; 27J/knee) consisted of nine sessions in the combined treatment groups and 24 when used as monotherapy. Stretching consisted of seven exercises repeated for 24 sessions. The control group received an educational booklet. Treatment frequency was 3 times/week. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured by Visual Analogue Scale and the secondary outcomes included pain, function and stiffness\' domains and total score of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), function assessed by Lequesne, mobility by Timed Up and Go, knee range of motion (KROM) by goniometry and hamstring shortening by popliteal angle. Results: In the combined treatment groups, there was no difference between the laser active and placebo (p > 0.05). At the end of the study, the treatment groups demonstrated, on average, a significant relative gain in pain (50%), total WOMAC (39%), function (30%) and mobility (20%) when compared to control (p < .001). For the combined treatment groups there was a 43% improvement in hamstring shortening (p <.001) and 9% improvement in KROM (p=0.02) when compared to control group. Conclusion: LLLT and stretching exercises, as monotherapy, were effective in reducing pain and improving function, mobility and the domains pain and function as well as the total score of WOMAC. The LLLT in the combined groups was not superior to the placebo application. Thus, we should not discard the contribution of the placebo effect in the result of the LLLT as monotherapy. The LLLT combined with stretching did not promote additional benefits compared to stretching alone

碩士
國立屏東教育大學
體育學系碩士班
102
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of attention and simple reaction time to the elementary students by different strengths of jump rope exercise training, and hope to fine the most efficient exercise strength to increase the attention and simple reaction time for reference to the teachers who are on active duty. The research subjects are 83 of 4th grade elementary students. (46 boys, 37 girls, average height 136.87cm, average weight 35.54kg, and average age 9.4.) There are three degrees of exercise strength, low, medium and high, of jump rope for six weeks, and three times a week, 30 minutes for each time. The test students take the attention and simple reaction time test before and after the exercise training, and the control group has no exercise training. The pre-test data uses mixed design 2-way ANOVA to verify the difference, and the independent variables are the groups with/without different strengths of exercise training. The dependent variables are attention and reaction time. The simple main effect test will be used to verify the differences if the interactive is obvious. The results show that exercise training has obvious effect to attention and simple reaction time after six weeks jump rope training. The high strength exercise has the best performance of attention, the next the medium, and the low strength has the lowest performance. The performance of the reaction time has the same order. The conclusion of this research is that the six-week exercise training can efficiently increase the attention and simple reaction time for 4th-grade elementary students, and high strength has the best efficiency. The on active duty teachers can improve the learning efficiency according to the results while teaching.

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School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
101
This research dealt with the research and development of front-drive elliptical exerciser which employs six-link seven-joint Watt-II mechanism to generate foot pattern to fit human stride. Its property is using slider-crank mechanism to give flat elliptical trajectory for human foot pattern. This mechanism uses minimum number of links to reduce materials and cost and to simplify manufacturing, assemblage, and maintenance. This research collected, analyzed, and classified all literatures. CAD and CAE software were used to construct its 3D model according to the design constraints and specifications for better mechanism type and to verify its motions and interference. The design of this simplest front-drive elliptical exerciser was filed for patent application.

Upper-limb hemiparesis caused by stroke can severely limit a survivor's ability to perform activities of daily living. Treatment involves intensive, repetitive therapy that can strain limited resources. Rehabilitation devices have been developed to help reduce therapist burden and increase access to therapy. However, adoption is complicated due to their expense and use of complex actuators. A rehabilitation tool without actuators was developed to perform reaching under varying resistance in the transverse plane and measure the reaction force at the handle. Force measurements from the device were validated through comparison with a standard force plate. A new method to calculate the center of applied pressure on a spherical handle mounted on a load cell was developed and validated using 3D modeling. Finally, a study conducted on healthy subjects demonstrated directional effects on the trajectory length and straightness, while resistance effects were seen for the maximum force, time-to-peak velocity and time-to-peak force.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
運動健康研究所
97
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of 5 minutes moderate and intense exercises on performance of selective attention and simple reaction time of elementary school students. Subjects: Thirty-seven students of fourth grades (12 girls and 25 boys, age 10.2 ± 0.1 years, height, 139.0 ± 1.0 cm, weight 35.2 ± 1.2 kg, body mass index ( BMI, 25.3 ± 0.8㎏/㎡) were recruited with parent’s approvals from an elementary school in Taichung. Methods: The subjects were counterbalanced-arranged on a week interval, either to take a rest for 5 minutes（the control, mean heart rate 98.4 ± 1.7 beat/min）, walk briskly for 5 minutes（the moderate exercise, average heart rate 144.1 ± 1.5 beat/min）, or stepping on a 35-cm stage up and down for 5 minutes（the intense exercise, mean heart rate 176.8 ± 1.2 beat/min）. Each time when they finished the rest or exercises, they then take a selective attention test（Vienna Test System, COG-S11） or a simple reaction time test（Vienna Test System, RT-S1）. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and the least significant difference （LSD） method was used in post-hoc comparison. Results: On performance of selective attention test, mean time correct rejections was 3.22 ± 0.81 sec in control, 2.72 ± 0.89 sec in moderate exercise, and 2.46 ± 0.72 sec in intense exercise, and the values were significantly faster in the moderate and intense exercises than in the control. Mean time hits was 2.52 ± 0.58 sec in control, 2.12 ± 0.64 sec in moderate exercise, 2.12 ± 0.68 sec in intense exercise , and the values were significantly faster in the moderate or intense exercises than in the control. Working time was 175.05 ± 42.64 sec in control, 147.19 ± 40.72 sec in moderate exercise, 138.79 ± 38.54 sec in intense exercise, and the values were significantly faster in the moderate and intense exercises than in the control. On performance of simple reaction time test, mean reaction time 336.70 ± 63.13 sec in control, 336.19 ± 74.13 sec in moderate exercise, 319.27 ± 60.26 sec in intense exercise, and the values were significantly faster in intense exercises than in the control. Conclusion: performance of selective attention was significantly improved after 5 minutes of moderate and intense exercises. Similarly, simple reaction time decreased after intense exercise. It indicates that 5 minutes of moderate or intense exercises improve children’s performance on attention and reaction time. According to the results, students could be encouraged by teachers to take short term exercise during the class break in order to improve their attention and learning efficiency.

L’écriture de soi relève d’un genre littéraire difficilement définissable, mais qui est pourtant issu d’une longue tradition mettant en scène les différentes modalités d’approche du soi et de l’œuvre. La publication de carnets personnels remplis par des auteurs et des autrices d’envergure témoigne du rôle capital que joue cette pratique de l’intime au niveau de l’élaboration d’une pensée. Néanmoins, les études littéraires tendent à négliger l’importance de cette forme d’écriture dans une perspective de transformation de la psychè par l’écrit. Simone Weil, philosophe et mystique française du XXe siècle, a marqué de son empreinte le genre du carnet. Les nombreux cahiers personnels qu’elle a légués à la postérité illustrent une construction au présent d’un esprit riche et vivant qui associe la réflexion intellectuelle à l’autodiscipline. Le présent mémoire propose notamment de mettre en lumière le rôle fondamental du carnet dans le processus créatif de la philosophe. Cet angle d’analyse viendra ainsi éclairer de façon nouvelle les études portant sur l’œuvre weilienne. Ce mémoire s’ouvrira par une Introduction qui revient sur la tradition de la pratique du carnet en Occident dont s’imprègne Weil. Depuis l’Antiquité grecque, l’écriture personnelle s’articule autour des exercices de soi, dans un souci de perfectionnement spirituel. Cette approche est particulièrement visible avec la forme des hypomnêmata – des notes prises – introduite par les écoles philosophiques gréco-romaines, puis prolongées dans les pratiques monacales du christianisme primitif qui privilégient le sacrifice de soi. Une fois ce contexte bien établi, le corps du mémoire abordera plus spécifiquement le corpus des carnets weiliens. Dans un premier chapitre, une présentation de la vie et de l’œuvre de l’intellectuelle sera donnée, à la suite duquel plusieurs thématiques propres aux carnets feront l’objet d’une analyse. Il s’agira tout d’abord de s’intéresser au dressage de soi au moyen de l’écriture personnelle. Cette conscience de soi maintenue par le carnet me mènera à interroger la part du subjectif dans l’appréhension du monde chez la philosophe. Le regard sur l’extérieur me conduira ensuite à traiter de la riche intertextualité des carnets weiliens. Après m’être ainsi intéressée aux récits littéraires, je porterai enfin mon attention sur l’influence de l’expérience intérieure dans le concept de décréation développé par Weil. Le rôle particulier de l’écrit dans le processus d’inspiration sera souligné à ce stade. Cette étude propose en somme d’appréhender la pensée de la philosophe au prisme de l’écriture de soi. Elle permet également d’ouvrir la réflexion sur un enjeu plus large : le rôle de l’écriture personnelle dans la construction du sujet et de sa psychè, ainsi que les différentes approches faisant du carnet un véritable compagnon de vie de l’écrivaine.
Self-writing has come to constitute a literary genre which is difficult to define yet is part of a long tradition offering writers various means and methods of approaching their own psyche and body of work. The publication of personal notebooks written by major authors indeed demonstrates the crucial role played by this intimate practice in the elaboration of intellectual systems. Literary studies have nevertheless tended to neglect the transformational impact of this specific form of writing. Simone Weil, a French mystic and philosopher of the 20th century, has particularly enriched the genre of self-writing. The numerous notebooks she wrote show the construction of a deep and vivid mind that associates intellectual creation with strong self-discipline. The present master’s thesis will aim at highlighting the fundamental role of the notebook within the creative process of this philosopher. Such a perspective should shed new light on certain aspects of the academic literature dedicated to Weil’s works. The Introduction of this thesis offers an overview of the Western tradition of personal notebooks, which exerted a vast influence on Weil’s writings. Since Greek antiquity, writing in the first person has been an important part of self-improvement exercises, aimed at spiritual perfection. This approach is particularly visible in the hypomnêmata – taking of notes – introduced by Greek and Roman philosophical schools and developed in early Christian monastic practices focused on self-sacrifice. Once this context has been established, the main body of the thesis will focus more specifically on Weil’s notebooks. A first chapter will present her life and works, which will then allow for a focus on certain themes present in her personal writing. I will begin by focusing on self- mastery through means of writing in the first person. Next, I will analyse the importance of subjectivity in this philosopher’s worldview, before dealing with the rich intertextuality of Weil’s notebooks. Finally, I will deal with the influence of Weil’s personal experience on her own concept of décréation. The importance of writing in the inspiration process will be of particular interest in this final chapter. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse Weil’s writings through the lens of self-writing. It additionally aims at broadening analytical perspectives on the importance of personal writing in the construction of self and insisting on the role of the notebook as a life companion for the writer.