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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Simultaneously Pickup and Delivery"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 19 липня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Simultaneously Pickup and Delivery"

He, Pengfei, and Jing Li. "Vehicle routing problem with partly simultaneous pickup and delivery for the cluster of small and medium enterprises." Archives of Transport 45, no. 1 (2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0940.

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The transportation service for the cluster of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is different with traditional vehicle routing problems. In the cluster of SMEs, parts of enterprises are pickup and delivery spots simultaneously. But some enterprises are partly pickup and delivery simultaneously. Traditional mathematics models and algorithms are not suitable to solve the vehicle routing problem partly simultaneous pickup and delivery (VRPPSD). In this paper, a mathematics operational model is proposed to analyze the transportation service of the cluster companies. A hybrid algorithm which is composed by tabu search, genetic algorithm and local search is used to optimize the operational model. The crossover and mutation contained by genetic algorithm is used to generate neighborhood solutions for tabu search. The data of a cluster of SMEs, investigating from Changzhou city, China, are employed to show the validity of our model. The results indicate that our model and hybrid algorithm is effective to solve VRPPSD. In this paper, the satisfied solutions of VRPPSD are found by hybrid algorithm. At the same time, the results also show that carriers with optimal routs can service customers with more profits (increasing 5.6%). The potential saving of transport cost will increase profits of carriers in SMEs.

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Yu, Vincent F., Hadi Susanto, Yu-Hsuan Yeh, Shih-Wei Lin, and Yu-Tsung Huang. "The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery and Parcel Lockers." Mathematics 10, no. 6 (2022): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10060920.

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Customers’ expectations of timely and accurate delivery and pickup of online purchases pose a new challenge to last-mile delivery. When the goods sent to customers are not received, they must be returned to the warehouse. This situation provides a high additional cost. Parcel locker systems and convenience stores have been launched to solve this problem and serve as pickup and payment stations. This research investigates a new last-mile distribution problem in the augmented system with three service modes: home delivery and pickup, parcel locker delivery and pickup, and home or parcel locker delivery and pickup. Previously, the simultaneous delivery and pickup problem with time windows (SDPPTW) only considered delivery and pickup to customers. The new problem proposed in this research addresses additional locker pickup and delivery options. The proposed problem is called the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery and parcel lockers (VRPSPDPL). This research formulated a new mathematical model and developed two simulated annealing (SA) algorithms to solve the problem. The goal is to minimize the total traveling cost. Since there are no existing benchmark instances for the problem, we generate new instances based on SDPPTW benchmark instances. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are effective and efficient in solving VRPSPDPL.

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Liu, Yuxin, Zihang Qin, and Jin Liu. "An Improved Genetic Algorithm for the Granularity-Based Split Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup." Mathematics 11, no. 15 (2023): 3328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11153328.

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The Split Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup (SVRPSDP) consists of two subproblems, i.e., the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup (VRPSDP) and the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (SDVRP). Compared to the subproblems, SVRPSDP is much closer to reality. However, some realistic factors are still ignored in SVRPSDP. For example, the shipments are integrated and cannot be infinitely subdivided. Hence, this paper investigates the Granularity-based Split Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup (GSVRPSDP). The characteristics of GSVRPSDP are that the demands of customers are split into individual shipments and both the volume and weight of each shipment are considered. In order to solve GSVRPSDP efficiently, a Genetic-Simulated hybrid algorithm (GA-SA) is proposed, in which Simulated Annealing (SA) is inserted into the Genetic Algorithm (GA) framework to improve the global search abilities of individuals. The experimental results indicate that GA-SA can achieve lower total costs of routes compared to the traditional meta-algorithms, such as GA, SA and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), with a reduction of more than 10%. In the further analysis, the space utilization and capacity utilization of vehicles are calculated, which achieve 86.1% and 88.9%, respectively. These values are much higher than those achieved by GA (71.2% and 74.8%, respectively) and PSO (60.9% and 65.7%, respectively), further confirming the effectiveness of GA-SA. And the superiority of simultaneous delivery and pickup is proved by comparing with separate delivery and pickup. Specifically, the costs of separate delivery and pickup are more than 80% higher than that of simultaneous delivery and pickup.

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Sciomachen, Anna, and Maria Truvolo. "An Exact Approach for Selecting Pickup-Delivery Stations in Urban Areas to Reduce Distribution Emission Costs." Mathematics 11, no. 8 (2023): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11081876.

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This paper deals with a variant of the multifacility location-routing problem in urban areas. The distribution network is modelled by an undirected graph, in which the nodes are split into a set of pickup-delivery stations, a depot, and a set of customers. The arcs represent the minimum-cost connections between nodes. A customer is assigned to a pickup-delivery station if he or she can reach it at the lowest sustainable cost, i.e., on foot or by bicycle, without exceeding a predefined maximum distance. The goal is to minimise the goods’ total delivery cost, including pollutant emissions. In this perspective, both travel distance and means of transport play a key role. We present an exact novel approach based on partitioning the research space of the solutions of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming model. In the model, Boolean decisional variables, representing the selection of the locations for the pickup-delivery stations, are fixed simultaneously with the solution of the classical Travelling Salesman Problem. A branching constraint allows us to determine the route that serves the selected pickup-delivery stations and the route, if any, that serves customers who do not go to any pickup-delivery station. We conduct extensive experimentation to test the proposed approach’s computational efficiency and analyse the optimal solution’s robustness with respect to the maximum distance of customers from the stations, their activation cost and the pollutant emissions. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of solution quality and computation time is certified by a set of computational tests based on randomly generated instances with up to 150 customers and 30 pickup-delivery stations. The application of the proposed exact method to a case study related to a district of the city of Genoa (Italy) confirms its validity also for sustainably addressing real-size urban delivery problems. An evaluation of incentives for customers using pickup-delivery stations, possibly by implementing discount policies on orders, is also proposed.

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Guo, Qinge, and Nengmin Wang. "The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery Considering the Total Number of Collected Goods." Mathematics 11, no. 2 (2023): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11020311.

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Анотація:

As a consequence of e-commerce development, large quantities of returned goods are shipped every day. The vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup (VRPSDP) has become one of the most important areas of logistics management. Most related studies are aimed at minimizing travel time. However, the total number of collected goods is also very important to logistics companies. Thus, only considering the traveling time cannot reflect actual practice. To effectively optimize these operations for logistics companies, this paper introduces the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery considering the total number of collected goods. Based on the principles of considering the number of collected goods, a bi-objective vehicle routing model minimizing the total travel time and maximizing the total number of collected goods simultaneously is developed. A polynomial time approximation algorithm based on the ε-constraint method is designed to address this problem, and the approximation ratio of the algorithm is analyzed. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by test examples, and several managerial insights are derived from the sensitivity analysis.

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Wang, Biao. "Optimization of Multi-Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." Journal of Electronic Research and Application 9, no. 3 (2025): 350–58. https://doi.org/10.26689/jera.v9i3.10815.

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This paper addresses the Multi-Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (MVRPTWSPD), aiming to optimize logistics distribution routes and minimize total costs. A vehicle routing optimization model is developed based on the operational requirements of the KS Logistics Center, focusing on minimizing vehicle dispatch, loading and unloading, operating, and time window penalty costs. The model incorporates constraints such as vehicle capacity, time windows, and travel distance, and is solved using a genetic algorithm to ensure optimal route planning. Through MATLAB simulations, 34 customer points are analyzed, demonstrating that the simultaneous pickup and delivery model reduces total costs by 30.13%, increases vehicle loading rates by 20.04%, and decreases travel distance compared to delivery-only or pickup-only models. The results demonstrate the significant advantages of the simultaneous pickup and delivery mode in reducing logistics costs and improving vehicle utilization, offering valuable insights for enhancing the operational efficiency of the KS Logistics Center.

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Suwatcharachaitiwong, Sirirat, Chun-Cheng Lin, Weidong Huang, and Lun-Ping Hung. "On the medication distribution system for home health care through convenience stores, lockers, and home delivery." Health Informatics Journal 26, no. 4 (2020): 3163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458220936395.

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Medication distribution service can be delivered based on a combination of home delivery and customer pickup. That is, medications are delivered either to customers’ homes directly or to the pickup facilities (e.g. lockers) close to customers’ homes. In Taiwan, there are more than 11,000 convenience stores that provide a 24-h service for customers to pick up the ordered items from e-commerce, which is unique to the world. In the medication distribution system, convenience stores can provide a unique opportunity for customers to more conveniently collect medications at stores, and also can reduce the operating cost for a logistics company providing the medication delivery service. Therefore, this work proposes a medication distribution system through convenience stores, lockers, and home delivery. Under this system, this work investigates how to simultaneously determine employment of convenience store chains, the convenience store locations to be visited, locations of lockers, vehicle routes for convenience stores and lockers, and vehicle routes for customers’ homes, so that the total operating cost is minimized. This work further proposes a genetic algorithm to solve the medication distribution problem. Through simulation, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is able to solve the problem efficiently.

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Chentli, Hayet, Rachid Ouafi, and Wahiba Ramdane Cherif-Khettaf. "A selective adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic for the profitable tour problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery services." RAIRO - Operations Research 52, no. 4-5 (2018): 1295–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018024.

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The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickups and Deliveries (VRPSPD) is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem. In this variant, an unlimited fleet of capacitated vehicles is used to satisfy both pickup and delivery demands of each customer simultaneously. In many practical situations, such a fleet is costly. The present study extends the VRPSPD by assuming a fixed number of vehicles when the constraint of visiting all customers is relaxed. More specifically, profits are assigned to the customers with the goal of maximizing the difference between collected profits and routing costs. This variant is named Profitable Tour Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery services (PTPSPD). We present a mathematical model run with the CPLEX solver. We also present an extension of the Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search heuristic (ALNS) called selective ALNS (sALNS). sALNS uses a new operator selection that executes two phases alternately: the random and the score-dependent phases. An appropriate update of scores is employed. Furthermore, sALNS explores missed regions of the search space by evaluating solutions after the destruction step. Finally, we give tuned insertion and removal operators that handle the constraints of the PTPSPD, as well as a new update of temperature, that helps avoiding local optima, in the Simulated Annealing embedded in sALNS. sALNS is evaluated on 117 new instances with 50–199 customers. A comparison is made between the components of sALNS, the classical ALNS and a recent ALNS heuristic from the literature. sALNS is also evaluated on some VRPSPD instances from the literature. The computational results show that our heuristic provides good quality solutions in reasonable computing time.

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Naomi, Anatasia, Asri Bekti Pratiwi, and Herry Suprajitno. "Grasshopper Optimizaton Algorithm (GOA) untuk Menyelesaikan Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD)." Tensor: Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal 3, no. 2 (2022): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/tensorvol3iss2pp73-84.

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The purpose of this paper is to solve the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD) using the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA). Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD) is a problem of forming routes that serve each customer, by delivering and retrieving simultaneously. The purpose of VRPSPD is to minimize the total mileage to serve all customers with the limit that each customer is served exactly once, and the vehicle load does not exceed its maximum capacity. Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is an algorithm inspired by nature by mimicking the living behavior of grasshopper swarms in search of food sources. GOA has several main stages, namely initialization of parameters, determination of target grasshoppers, calculating the coefficient of decline, calculating the distance between grasshoppers, and calculating the new position of the grasshoppers. Implementation of the GOA program to complete VRPSPD using the C++ programming language using 3 types of data, data with 13 customers, 22 customers, and 100 customers. Based on the results of the running program, it can be concluded that the more iterations and the number of populations, the solution obtained tends to be better.

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Sze, San Nah, Siaw Ying Doreen Sek, Jeeu Fong Sze, Wai Shiang Cheah, and Kang Leng Chiew. "Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology 10, no. 4 (2020): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijaseit.10.4.10234.

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Дисертації з теми "Simultaneously Pickup and Delivery"

Mourdjis, Philip James. "The pickup and multiple delivery problem." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18582/.

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This thesis presents my work on the pickup and multiple delivery problem, a real-world vehicle routing and scheduling problem with soft time windows, working time and last-in-first-out constraints, developed in collaboration with Transfaction Ltd., who conduct logistics analysis for several large retailers in the UK. A summary of relevant background literature is presented highlighting where my research fits into and contributes to the broader academic landscape. I present a detailed model of the problem and thoroughly analyse a case-study data set, obtaining distributions used for further research. A new variable neighbourhood descent with memory hyper-heuristic is presented and shown to be an effective technique for solving instances of the real-world problem. I analyse strategies for cooperation and competition amongst haulage companies and quantify their effectiveness. The value of time and timely information for planning pickup and delivery requests is investigated. The insights gained are of real industrial relevance, highlighting how a variety of business decisions can produce significant cost savings.

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Krypczyk, Veikko. "Nachbarschaftssucheverfahren für dynamische Pickup- und Delivery-Probleme." Hagen Fernuniversität Hagen, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001671643/34.

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Rodrigues, Infância da Assunção. "Determinação de rotas de distribuição e recolha de produtos." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8494.

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Mestrado em Decisão Económica e Empresarial Este trabalho final de mestrado trata o Problema de Identificação de Rotas de Veículos com Recolha e Entrega em Simultâneo (Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery ? VRPSPD). O ponto crítico do problema assenta no facto de ambas as atividades, recolha e entrega, serem realizadas em simultâneo. Desta forma, a carga do veículo deve ser controlada após cada passagem por um cliente de modo a garantir que a capacidade do veículo não é excedida. O Problema de Identificação de Rotas com Recolha e Entrega em Simultâneo lida com um único depósito de distribuição, servindo um conjunto de clientes. Cada cliente requer dois tipos de serviço: a recolha e a entrega. Os produtos a entregar são carregados no depósito e os produtos a recolher são transportados para o depósito. Cada cliente é servido por um único veículo. Neste trabalho foram usados os modelos matemáticos de (Dethloff, 2001) e de (Montané & Galvão, 2006), para resolver o problema em questão, utilizando o software Frontline Solver. Os dois modelos são comparados quanto ao número de variáveis, e de restrições e sendo ilustrados os resultados obtidos num exemplo. This work deals with the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD). The critical aspect of the problem lies in the fact that both activities, delivery and pickup, are performed simultaneously. Thus, the load of the vehicle should be controlled after each costumer service to ensure that capacity of the vehicle is not exceeded. The VRSPD deals with a single distribution warehouse serving a set of customers. Each customer requires two types of service: the pickup and the delivery. The products to delivery are loaded at the warehouse and the products to pickup are transported to the warehouse. Each client is served by a single vehicle. In this work two mathematical models (Dethloff, 2001) and (Montané & Galvão, 2006) are used, to solve the problem at hand, through the software Solver Frontline. The two models are compared regarding the number of variables, and constraints, and the results on an example.

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Nowak, Maciek A. "The Pickup and Delivery Problem with Split Loads." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7223.

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This dissertation focuses on improvements in vehicle routing that can be gained by allowing multiple vehicles to service a common load. We explore how costs can be reduced through the elimination of the constraint that a load must be serviced by only one vehicle. Specifically, we look at the problem of routing vehicles to service loads that have distinct origins and destinations, with no constraint on the amount of a load that a vehicle may service. We call this the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Split Loads (PDPSL). We model this problem as a dynamic program and introduce structural results that can help practitioners implement the use of split loads, including the definition of an upper bound on the benefit of split loads. This bound indicates that the routing cost can be reduced by at most one half when split loads are allowed. Furthermore, the most benefit occurs when load sizes are just above one half of vehicle capacity. We develop a heuristic for the solution of large scale problems, and apply this heuristic to randomly generated data sets. Various load sizes are tested, with the experimental results supporting the finding that most benefit with split loads occurs for load sizes just above one half vehicle capacity. Also, the average benefit of split loads is found to range from 6 to 7% for most data sets. The heuristic was also tested on a real world example from the trucking industry. These tests reveal the benefit of both using split loads and allowing fleet sharing. The benefit for split loads is not as significant as with the random data, and the various business rules added for this case are tested to find those that have the most impact. It is found that an additional cost for every stop the vehicle makes strictly limits the potential for benefit from split loads. Finally, we present a simplified version of the PDPSL in which all origins are visited prior to any destination on a route, generalizing structural results from the Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem for this problem.

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Coltin, Brian. "Multi-Agent Pickup And Delivery Planning With Transfers." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/376.

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In Pickup and Delivery Problems (PDPs), mobile vehicles retrieve and deliver a set of items. The PDP is a well-studied, NP-hard problem. Examples of the PDP include mail and courier services, taxis, ridesharing services, and robots such as our own CoBots and CreBots, which retrieve and deliver items for the occupants of a building, and are the motivation for this thesis. The goal of the PDP is to find a schedule that delivers as many items as possible at the lowest cost, under various constraints such as time windows and vehicle capacities. We augment the PDP with transfers to form the PDP with Transfers (PDP-T). Instead of having a single vehicle retrieve and deliver each item, vehicles can transfer items to other vehicles (or chains of vehicles) for delivery. Allowing transfers makes lower cost solutions feasible, but increases the number of possible schedules exponentially. In this thesis, we contribute a series of algorithms to form schedules for variants of the PDP-T. We introduce the Very Large Neighborhood Search with Transfers (VLNS-T) algorithm to plan schedules for the most general version of the PDP-T, with constraints including time windows, capacities, vehicle start and end locations, maximum item transport times, and maximum vehicle route durations. We also contribute algorithms for simplified variants of the PDP-T, which take advantage of the problem structure to find solutions more quickly and more effectively than the general algorithm for specific PDP-T variants, some with provable guarantees. We also study the challenges of deploying PDP-T schedules on physical robots, and execute PDP-T schedules on the CoBots. The robots reschedule their tasks in response to new requests, delays, failures, and shared information from other robots. We also introduce the CreBots, which transfer items fully autonomously. Our PDP-T algorithms are evaluated on benchmark problems, on the CoBots, and on problems on city maps sampled from real world taxi data, demonstrating that lower cost schedules can be found with transfers.

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Capelle, Nuño Thomas Emmanuel. "Problema de localización y ruteo con pickup y delivery." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113031.

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Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Transporte Ingeniero Civil Matemático El objetivo de esta tesis es formular un modelo que integre el Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP) y la localización óptima de los depots de distribución, el cual llamaremos Problema de Localización y Ruteo con Pickup and Delivery (PLRPDP). Este problema se plantea y tiene una gran variedad de aplicaciones en la industria, como por ejemplo en el courier, en el transporte de pasajeros, o en el transporte de alimentos perecibles, y por lo tanto es de suma importancia cuando existe un sistema de alta demanda con diferentes opciones en relación a la ubicación de los depots. Para modelar este problema se propone un esquema de generación de columnas, donde el problema maestro resultante es similar al del modelo propuesto por Berger et al. (2007), pero en este caso, el subproblema es un PDP. Para resolver este subproblema y poder generar columnas factibles para el problema maestro, se propone un algoritmo de label-setting, que resuelve el problema de camino más corto, con restricciones de Pickup and Delivery y ventanas de tiempo. Además se propone un conjunto de heurísticas para acelerar este proceso. Para validar el modelo, se hace una implementación del esquema de generación de columnas, el cual se prueba en diferentes instancias, algunas ya existentes en la literatura actual, como también desarrolladas en este trabajo. Destacando dentro de estas últimas, las instancias clusterizadas y las de tipo corredor, las cuales por su geometría especial hacen que la localización de los depots sea de suma importancia. También se hace un análisis detallado de como los costos de apertura de los depots inciden en la solución óptima. Finalmente se presentan resultados del rendimiento de nuestra implementación para cada una de las instancias.

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Krypczyk, Veikko [Verfasser]. "Nachbarschaftssucheverfahren für dynamische Pickup- und Delivery-Probleme / Veikko Krypczyk." Hagen : Fernuniversität Hagen, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001671643/34.

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Aleksandrov, Martin Damyanov. "Heuristics and policies for online pickup and delivery problems." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8197.

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Master Thesis In the last few decades, increased attention has been dedicated to a speci c subclass of Vehicle Routing Problems due to its signi cant importance in several transportation areas such as taxi companies, courier companies, transportation of people, organ transportation, etc. These problems are characterized by their dynamicity as the demands are, in general, unknown in advance and the corresponding locations are paired. This thesis addresses a version of such Dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problems, motivated by a problem arisen in an Australian courier company, which operates in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, where almost every day more than a thousand transportation orders arrive and need to be accommodated. The rm has a eet of almost two hundred vehicles of various types, mostly operating within the city areas. Thus, whenever new orders arrive at the system the dispatchers face a complex decision regarding the allocation of the new customers within the distribution routes (already existing or new) taking into account a complex multi-level objective function. The thesis thus focuses on the process of learning simple dispatch heuristics, and lays the foundations of a recommendation system able to rank such heuristics. We implemented eight of these, observing di erent characteristics of the current eet and orders. It incorporates an arti cial neural network that is trained on two hundred days of past data, and is supervised by schedules produced by an oracle, Indigo, which is a system able to produce suboptimal solutions to problem instances. The system opens the possibility for many dispatch policies to be implemented that are based on this rule ranking, and helps dispatchers to manage the vehicles of the eet. It also provides results for the human resources required each single day and within the di erent periods of the day. We complement the quite promising results obtained with a discussion on future additions and improvements such as channel eet management, tra c consideration, and learning hyper-heuristics to control simple rule sequences. The thesis work was partially supported by the National ICT Australia according to the Visitor Research Agreement contract between NICTA and Martin Damyanov Aleksandrov

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Nakao, Yoshitaka. "Studies on Algorithms and Analyses for Pickup and Delivery Problems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/108367.

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Männel, Dirk [Verfasser]. "Das Pickup and Delivery Problem mit mehrdimensionalen Ladebeschränkungen / Dirk Männel." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1165650460/34.

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Книги з теми "Simultaneously Pickup and Delivery"

East Anglian Regional Advisory Council for Further Education. In-service training opportunities: Short-courses for staff involved in the delivery of Pickup and other vocational schemes : regional directory. East Anglian Regional Advisory Council for Further Education., 1987.

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Miklitsch, Robert. Pickup on South Street. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040689.003.0004.

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Chapter Abstract: Released at the end of the first cycle of postwar anticommunist noir (1947-1953), Samuel Fuller’s Pickup on South Street (1953) is a canonical Cold War picture; it’s also one of the most overdetermined films made during the McCarthy period, centrally concerned as it is with the atom or hydrogen bomb, sex and violence, treason and espionage, capitalism vs. communism, and the politics of informing. Whereas Pickup on South Street depicts both the police and FBI as crudely utilitarian, indifferent to the human costs of the national-security state apparatus, it simultaneously dramatizes the lives of its small-time hoods and hustlers for whom the threat of the “red menace” is less pressing than the day-to-day, dog-eat-dog grind of trying to remain in the black.

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Sidhu, Shawn S., Chris Fore, Jay H. Shore, and Erin Tansey. Telemental Health Delivery for Rural Native American Populations in the United States. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190622725.003.0011.

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Telemental Health is a viable treatment model for delivering quality mental health care to Native American communities where the burden of mental health conditions and difficulty accessing care continue. This chapter reviews the available evidence supporting the acceptability and efficacy of Telemental health in Native American groups. While many barriers to the use of Telemental Health in Native communities exist, there are simultaneously many facilitators of this treatment model. Future directions include addressing these barriers, improving collaboration with Native communities, ensuring Telemental Health remains financially viable, and using technology to expand the reach of this treatment modality.

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A. R. S. Auto Publication. Truck Maintenance Log Book: Truck Repair, Maintenance and Service Record Book for Semi Truck, Delivery Truck, Lorry and Pickup Truck Drivers with Parts List and Mileage Log. Independently Published, 2020.

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Klimek, Markus, Francisco A. Lobo, Luzius A. Steiner, and Cor J. Kalkman. Anaesthesia for neurosurgery and electroconvulsive therapy. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0059.

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Neuroanaesthesia is the subspecialty of anaesthesiology that deals with patients undergoing surgical procedures in or close to the brain and the spinal cord. Neuroanaesthesia can be challenging, because sometimes apparently contradictory demands must be managed, for example, achieving optimal conditions for neurophysiological monitoring while maintaining sufficient anaesthetic depth, or maintaining oxygen delivery to neuronal tissue and simultaneously preventing high blood pressures that might induce local bleeding. Atypical patient positioning, management of increased intracranial pressure, and the need for early postoperative neurological evaluation are other typical challenges. This chapter addresses the general principles of neuroanaesthesia and special aspects of the most relevant procedures. A section on anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy is also included.

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Porter-Reynolds, Daisy. Streamlined Library Programming. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216019961.

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Is it possible to both cut costs and improve public library programming for all ages? Yes, it is; this book demonstrates how. In their roles as community centers, public libraries offer many innovative and appealing programs; but under current budget cuts, library resources are stretched thin. With slashed budgets and limited staff hours, what can libraries do to best serve their publics? This how-to guide provides strategies for streamlining library programming in public libraries while simultaneously maintaining—or even improving—quality delivery. The wide variety of principles and techniques described can be applied on a selective basis to libraries of all sizes. Based upon the author’s own extensive experience as well as that of colleagues in other library systems, this book provides readers with a practical, step-by-step approach to maximizing resources and minimizing costs of programming without sacrificing quality, as well as insider tips and examples from the field that will help them to avoid known pitfalls.

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Manieson, Victor. Accelerated Keyboard Musicianship. Noyam Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38159/npub.eb20211001.

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Approaches towards the formal learning of piano playing with respect to musicianship is one that demands the understanding of musical concepts and their applications. Consequently, it requires the boldness to immerse oneself in performance situations while trusting one’s instincts. One needs only to cultivate an amazing ear and a good understanding of music theory to break down progressions “quickly”. Like an alchemist, one would have to pick their creative impulses from their musical toolbox, simultaneously compelling their fingers to coordinate with the brain and the music present to generate “pleasant sounds”. My exploration leading to what will be considered Keyboard Musicianship did not begin in a formal setting. Rather it was the consolidation of my involvement in playing the organ at home, Sunday school, boarding school at Presec-Legon, and playing at weekly gospel band performances off-campus and other social settings that crystalized approaches that can be formally structured. In fact, I did not then consider this lifestyle of musical interpretation worthy of academic inclusivity until I graduated from the national academy of music and was taken on the staff as an instructor in September, 1986. Apparently, what I did that seemed effortless was a special area that was integral to holistic music development. The late Dr. Robert Manford, the then director of the Academy, assigned me to teach Rudiments and Theory of Music to first year students, Keyboard Musicianship to final year students, and to continue giving Piano Accompaniment to students – just as I have been voluntarily doing to help students. The challenge was simply this; there was no official textbook or guide to use in teaching keyboard musicianship then and I was to help guide especially non-piano majors for practical exams in musicianship. What an enterprise! The good news though was that exemplifying functionalism in keyboard, organ, piano, etc. has been my survival activity off campus particularly in church and social settings.Having reflected thoroughly and prayerfully, it dawned on me that piano literacy repertoires were crafted differently than my assignments in Musicianship. Piano literacy repertoires of western music were abundant on campus but applied musicianship demanded a different approach. Playing a sonata, sonatina, mazurka, and waltzes at different proficiency levels was different from punching chords in R&B, Ballard style, Reggae, Highlife or even Hymn playing. However, there are approaches that can link them and also interpretations that can categorize them in other applicable dimensions. A “Retrospective Introspection” demanded that I confront myself constructively with two questions: 1. WHAT MUSICAL ACTIVITIES have I already enjoyed myself in that WARRANT or deserve this challenging assignment? 2. WHAT MUSICAL NOURISHMENT do l believe enriched my artistry that was so observable and Measurable? The answers were shocking! They were: 1. My weekend sojourn from Winneba to Accra to play for churches, brass bands, gospel bands and teaching of Choirs – which often left me penniless. 2. Volunteering to render piano accompaniment to any Voice Major student on campus since my very first year. 3. Applying a principle, I learnt from my father – TRANSFER OF LEARNING – I exported the functionalism of my off-campus musical activities to compliment my formal/academic work. 4. The improvisational influences of Rev. Stevenson Alfred Williams (gospel jazz pianist), Bessa Simmons (band director & keyboardist) and at Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, Mr. Ray Ellis “Afro Piano Jazz Fusion Highlife” The trust and support from lecturers and students in the academy injected an overwhelming and high sense of responsibility in me which nevertheless, guided me to observe structures of other established course outlines and apply myself with respect to approaches that were deemed relevant. Thus, it is in this light that I selected specific concepts worth exploring to validate the functionalism of what my assignment required. Initially, hymn structures, chords I, IV, V and short highlife chordal progressions inverted here and there were considered. Basic reading of notes and intense audiation were injected even as I developed technical exercises to help with the dexterity of stiff fingers. I conclude this preface by stating that, this “Instructional guide/manual” is actually a developmental workbook. I have deliberately juxtaposed simple original piano pieces with musicianship approaches. The blend is to equip learners to develop music literacy and performance proficiencies. The process is expected to compel the learner to immerse/initiate themselves into basic keyboard musicianship. While it is a basic book, I expect it to be a solid foundation for those who commit to it. Many of my former and present students have been requesting for a sort of guide to aid their teaching or refresh their memories. Though not exhaustive, the selections presented here are a response to a long-awaited workbook. I have used most of them not only in Winneba, but also at the Callanwolde Fine Arts Center (Atlanta) and the Piano Lab (Accra). I found myself teaching the same course in the 2009 – 2013 academic year in the Music Department of the University of Education, Winneba when Prof C.W.K Merekeu was Head of Department. My observation is that we still have a lot of work to do in bridging academia and industry. This implies that musicianship must be considered as the bloodline of musicality not only in theory but in practice. I have added simplified versions of my old course outlines as a guide for anyone interested in learning. Finally, I contend that Keyboard Musicianship is a craft and will require of the learner a consistent discipline and respect for: 1. The art of listening 2. Skill acquisition/proficient dexterity 3. Ability to interpret via extemporization and delivery/showmanship. For learners who desire to challenge themselves in intermediate and advanced piano, I recommend my book, “African Pianism. (A contribution to Africology)”

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Частини книг з теми "Simultaneously Pickup and Delivery"

Zhang, Chenghao, and Ming Cheng. "Electric vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery." In Frontier Research: Road and Traffic Engineering. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305002-81.

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Xu, Wei, and Ming Cheng. "Intelligent Scheduling on Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." In Proceedings of the 2022 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Education (IC-ICAIE 2022). Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-040-4_174.

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Subramanian, Anand, Eduardo Uchoa, and Luiz Satoru Ochi. "New Lower Bounds for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." In Experimental Algorithms. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13193-6_24.

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Gupta, Prateek, Devanand, Antonio Ken Iannillo, Jorge Augusto Meira, Radu State, and Danilo D’Aversa. "Modelling Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Heterogeneous Fleet for Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83885-9_11.

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Susilo, Nazhifa Rahmi, and Agus Darmawan. "A Routing with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery Considering Carbon Emissions and Time Windows." In Advances in Engineering Research. Atlantis Press International BV, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-772-4_31.

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Wang, Chao, Fu Zhao, Dong Mu, and John W. Sutherland. "Simulated Annealing for a Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup-Delivery and Time Windows." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41263-9_21.

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Berhan, Eshetie, Pavel Krömer, Daniel Kitaw, Ajith Abraham, and Václav Snášel. "Solving Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem with Real Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery Using Differential Evolution." In Innovations in Bio-inspired Computing and Applications. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01781-5_18.

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Yildiz, Ece Arzu, and Fulya Altiparmak. "A Study on Green Two Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." In Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management – Volume 1. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10388-9_56.

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Wei, Rong, Tongliang Zhang, and Hui Tang. "An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16336-4_57.

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Feng, Fei-Long, Bin Qian, Rong Hu, Nai-Kang Yu, and Qing-Xia Shang. "ADMM with SUSLM for Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery and Time Windows." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4755-3_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Simultaneously Pickup and Delivery"

Cui, Tongyue, and Ting Zhang. "Multiple-Relational Attention for Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery-Pickup." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Control Science and Systems Engineering (ICCSSE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsse63803.2024.10823751.

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Han, Rongyuan, Jianxin Wang, Jiarui Zhou, and Hui Jia. "A novel scheduling method for airport shuttle bus based on simultaneous pickup and delivery services." In International Conference on Frontiers of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (FTTE 2024), edited by Yi Zhou and Jianqing Wu. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3059329.

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Kusuma, Rafli Muhammad Rangga, Vincent F. Yu, Iwan Vanany, and Niniet Indah Arvitrida. "Mathematical Modeling of the Two-Echelon Location Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery and Parcel Locker." In 2024 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsse61472.2024.10608887.

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Geng, Yan, Ning Guo, and Bin Qian. "Learning Ant Colony Algorithm for Solving Green Multi-Compartment Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." In 2024 IEEE 7th International Conference on Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering (AUTEEE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/auteee62881.2024.10869755.

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Kerri, Rayane, and Mouaouia Cherif Bouzid. "A Variable Neighborhood Search for the Fleet Size and Mix Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery." In 2024 International Conference of the African Federation of Operational Research Societies (AFROS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/afros62115.2024.11037054.

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Cao, Jian, and Liyong Lin. "A parallel improved variable neighborhood search algorithm for multidepot multicompartment simultaneous pickup and delivery problem with time windows and split demands." In Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Traffic Systems and Smart City (ITSSC 2024), edited by Hao Chen and Wei Shangguan. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3051715.

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Makino, Hiroya, and Seigo Ito. "Online Multi-Agent Pickup and Delivery with Task Deadlines." In 2024 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802597.

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Deng, Zicong, Fahui Wu, Yu Xu, Yuanhua Luo, Dingcheng Yang, and Lin Xiao. "Multi-UAVs Pickup and Delivery Problem: Minimizing Maximum Energy Consumption." In GLOBECOM 2024 - 2024 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom52923.2024.10901694.

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Chen, Yi-Fu, Jang-Ping Sheu, and Jagadeesha R. Bhat. "Planning UAV Trajectory for Multi-Commodity Package Pickup and Delivery." In 2025 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/wcnc61545.2025.10978696.

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Lee, Victoria, Amelia Zhang, and Christine Bassem. "Participatory Crowdsensing for the Collection of Pickup and Delivery Data." In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops and other Affiliated Events (PerCom Workshops). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/percomworkshops65533.2025.00160.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Simultaneously Pickup and Delivery"

Sirivat, Anuvat. Electrically controlled release of drugs from alginate hydrogels for transdermal drug delivery application. Chulalongkorn University, 2014. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2014.80.

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A drug-loaded conductive polymer/hydrogel blend, benzoic acid-loaded poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/alginate (BA-loaded PEDOT/Alg) hydrogel, was used as a carrier/matrix for an electrical stimuli transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS). The effects of crosslinking ratio, PEDOT particle size, and electric field strength on the release mechanism and the diffusion coefficient (D) of BA were examined by using a modified Franz-diffusion cell. The diffusion scaling exponent value of BA is close to 0.5 which refers to the diffusion controlled mechanism, or the Fickian diffusion as the BA release mechanism. The D increased when there was a decrease in the crosslinking ratio due to the mesh size-hindering effect. When increasing electric field strength, the D of BA-loaded PEDOT/Alg hydrogel increased because the cathode-BA electrorepulsion, electro-induced alginate expansion, and PEDOT electro-neutralization simultaneously occurred. The highest D belonged to a blend with the smallest PEDOT particle and highest electrical conductivity. The D of BA was a function of the matrix mesh size except when drug size/mesh size was lower than 2.38x10³, where D of BA became mesh size independent as the matrix mesh size was extremely large. Thus, the fabricated conductive polymer hydrogel blends have a great potential to be used in TDDS under electrical stimulation.

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Ayallo, Irene, Nadia Mary Akbar, Faith Burgess, et al. A Report on Teaching and Modelling Research Skills in a Classroom Setting: Social Work Students Using Their Learning and Experiences to Investigate the Link Between Modes of Learning Delivery and Social Work Core Competencies. Unitec ePress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/rsrp.107.

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In Semester 2 (July–November) 2022, Dr Irene Ayallo collaborated with the students in the Research Methods course in Unitec’s Bachelor of Social Practice to investigate the link between learning delivery modes and students’ ability to demonstrate the Aotearoa New Zealand Social Workers Registration Board (SWRB) core competencies (see Appendix 1). The aim of the project was to teach research skills and, simultaneously, critically analyse whether the shift in learning delivery due to the Covid-19 pandemic could impact the students’ future competencies as social workers in the Aotearoa New Zealand context. The report describes the research design process and presents a literature review, findings from data, and a discussion of the findings. Findings from this research show that the learning environment within which social work education is delivered has changed significantly, provoked by the events during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Rethinking social work education delivery models is inevitable and required in this new environment. Carefully designed flexible delivery models, such as a mix of in-person and online (blended), would be most effective in safeguarding against and minimising learning disruptions without compromising quality. The most impactful delivery model for social work students is characterised by engaging and interactive content, practical activities and group work, increasing and checking retention, clear structure and guidelines, consistency, flexibility, and capability building for staff and students. The extent to which these can be achieved depends on addressing individual student and staff factors, and broader institutional resources, guidelines and policies.

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Pachón, Mónica, and Fabio Sánchez Torres. Decentralization, Fiscal Effort and Social Progress in Colombia at the Municipal Level, 1994-2009: Why Does National Politics Matter? Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011478.

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The present paper explores the relationship between political competition and effective public goods delivery systems in a decentralized context to study whether the awareness generated through such a competitive environment and the existence of more political options are a part of the causal mechanisms for effective governance. In particular, we want to observe the effect of electoral competition on the incentives to build fiscal capacity and provide public goods such as education and water, that are to a large extent the responsibility of the local municipalities. The research hypothesis is that political competition strengthens the decentralized municipalities through building their local fiscal capacity. In turn, the fiscal capacity is the fundamental variable that explains the differences in sector performance across local governments. Local fiscal capacity brings about better policy outcomes, as well as a better match between resources and the needs - what we call responsiveness - which simultaneously ensures greater efficiency in local spending. Using a rich panel municipal dataset from 1994 till 2009, we have shown that on comparing the differences across education and the water and sewerage sectors, the power of fiscal effort appears to be the driving force behind better policy outcomes than any other resource commonly made available to the municipalities, such as national transfers or royalties.

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Mudge, Christopher R., Kurt D. Getsinger, and Benjamin P. Sperry. Simulated Herbicide Spray Retention on Floating Aquatic Plants as Affected by Carrier Volume and Adjuvant Type. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44540.

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Foliar delivery of herbicides is a common means for plant management in aquatic environments. Though this technique is decades old, little is known about vegetative spray retention relative to this application method. A more complete understanding of maximizing herbicide retention could lead to improved plant management while simultaneously decreasing pesticide load in aquatic environments. Therefore, outdoor mesocosm experiments were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effect of adjuvant type on foliar spray retention in waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms]. Additionally, the effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.), and giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell) was documented. Spray deposition did not differ among the nine adjuvants tested; however, spray retention was reduced 6% to 11% when an adjuvant was excluded from the spray solution. The effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia was also investigated. Decreases in spray retention were most sensitive to increased carrier volume in waterhyacinth, followed by giant salvinia and waterlettuce. Among species, spray retention potential, as determined by intercept estimates, was greatest in waterlettuce and giant salvinia regardless of carrier volume. Asymptotes estimates for waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia were 33%, 46%, and 79% spray retention, respectively. In other words, spray retention was the lowest and remained relatively constant at these values for the high carrier volumes tested (935 and 1,870 L ha⁻¹), which were likely due to the presence of pubescence on leaves and flatter leaf architecture represented by waterlettuce and giant salvinia compared to the glabrous vertical leaves of waterhyacinth. Future research will evaluate these concepts under field condition.

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McGarrigle, Malachy. Watchpoints for Consideration When Utilising a VDI Network to Teach Archicad BIM Software Within an Educational Programme. Unitec ePress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.099.

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This research identifies factors to be considered in the adoption of a virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) accommodating the software needs of a tertiary institution. The study discusses the potential advantages and disadvantages of VDI, focusing specifically on the performance of the architectural software Archicad when used virtually. The findings will be relevant to similar programmes, such as Revit, and software used in other disciplines, especially where processing power is important. Aims discussed include reducing high-specification computers rarely used to capacity, assessing user experience, and feasibility of VDI remote access. Primarily a case study, this project centres around delivery of papers in the New Zealand Diploma of Architectural Technology programme at Unitec | Te Pūkenga that employ Archicad. Software efficiency and performance was monitored throughout teaching across numerous semesters. Incidents were logged and VDI operation tracked, especially during complex tasks such as image rendering. Load testing was also carried out to assess the implications of large user numbers simultaneously performing such complex tasks. Project findings indicate that Archicad performance depends on the design and specification of the virtual platform. Factors such as processing power, RAM allocation and ratio of users to virtual machines (VM)s proved crucial. Tasks executed by the software and how software itself uses hardware are other considerations. This research is important, as its findings could influence the information technology strategies of both academic institutions and industry in coming years. Virtual computing provides many benefits, and this project could provide the confidence for stakeholders to adopt new strategies using VDI instead of the traditional approach of computers with locally installed software applications.

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Georgalakis, James, Saira Ahmed, Vaqar Ahmed, et al. Stories of Change: Covid-19 Responses for Equity. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2023.018.

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Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) was a three-year, CA$25m rapid research initiative that brought together 20 research projects to understand the socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic, improve existing responses, and generate better policy options for recovery. The research, funded by the Canadian International Development Research Centre (IDRC), took place across 42 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) supported CORE to maximise the learning generated across the research portfolio and deepen engagement with governments, civil society, and the scientific community. This publication celebrates the impact of that research, and highlights Stories of Change from seven of the CORE projects that successfully influenced policy, practice, and understandings of the crisis. Collectively, these individual case studies provide a narrative about the nature of research impact in emergencies and the implications for the design and delivery of future rapid response research initiatives. There are clear lessons around the importance of organisational reputation, and the value of co-designing research with decision makers whilst simultaneously taking a critical position. Every story here emphasises the need to understand political context and to explore the trade-offs between research rigour and the timeliness of evidence. Above all, they illustrate the value of flexible funding arrangements that enable local teams to respond to fast-moving crises. These stories demonstrate unequivocally the value of locally led research responses to emergencies with the right international flow of resources and support. CORE’s research teams were well-placed to bring together communities, civil society organisations, and governments to create a space for vulnerable and marginalised groups to discuss their lived experiences of the pandemic and bring these perspectives into policy conversations. Their success hinged on their hyper-local knowledge and their unswerving focus on providing real-time evidence to advocate for the wellbeing of affected communities.

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Women's perceptions on the effects of COVID-19 on access and use of private sector family planning services in Nigeria: The IntegratE Project. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1019.

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In Nigeria, Community Pharmacists (CPs) and Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) are the first point of care for many common illnesses. Although CPs and PPMVs are not formally recognized as family planning (FP) service providers, 22% of modern contraceptive users report receiving their last method from a PPMV and 12% from a private pharmacy. PPMVs are popular for FP because of their widespread availability, consistent drug stocks, extended hours, personable interactions, and lack of separate fees for consultations. As in many places, the COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges to health services in Nigeria. By limiting person-to-person contact, especially during initial lockdowns, there were concerns regarding disruptions in access to, and use of, FP especially among populations already experiencing high unmet need. The IntegratE Project (2017-21) seeks to increase access to contraceptive methods by involving the private sector in FP service delivery in Lagos and Kaduna states. The Project is simultaneously raising awareness about the FP that CPs and PPMVs provide. This brief focuses on understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FP use among women receiving services from CPs and PPMVs.

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