Готові списки джерел за темами / SIRB

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "SIRB"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 23 червня 2021
Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Зміст

  1. Статті в журналах
  2. Дисертації
  3. Книги
  4. Частини книг
  5. Тези доповідей конференцій
  6. Звіти організацій

Статті в журналах з теми "SIRB":

1

Leech, H. K., E. Raux-Deery, P. Heathcote, and M. J. Warren. "Production of cobalamin and sirohaem in Bacillus megaterium: an investigation into the role of the branchpoint chelatases sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase (SirB) and sirohydrochlorin cobalt chelatase (CbiX)." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0300610.

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One of the four operons required for cobalamin biosynthesis in Bacillus megaterium is also associated with sirohaem synthesis, and contains three genes, sirA, sirB and sirC. By undertaking functional complementation experiments and in vitro assays using recombinantly produced enzymes, we have been able to demonstrate that (1) SirA acts as a uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferase, transforming uroporphyrinogen III into precorrin-2, (2) SirC acts as an NAD+ dehydrogenase, responsible for the oxidation of precorrin-2 into sirohydrochlorin, and (3) SirB acts as a ferrochelatase, responsible for the insertion of a ferrous ion into sirohydrochlorin to give sirohaem. Comparative sequence analysis reveals that the primary structure of SirB is highly similar to that of the cobalt chelatase involved in cobalamin biosynthesis in Bacillus megaterium, CbiX, with the exception that CbiX contains a C-terminal histidine-rich motif. Surprisingly, CbiX has been shown (using EPR) to contain a 4Fe-4S centre, a redox centre that is absent from SirB.
2

Dale, Suzanne E., M. Tom Sebulsky, and David E. Heinrichs. "Involvement of SirABC in Iron-Siderophore Import in Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 24 (December 15, 2004): 8356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.24.8356-8362.2004.

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ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus SirA was previously identified as a lipoprotein, and SirB and SirC are thought to encode the transmembrane domains of an ABC transporter. Sir proteins show similarity to iron-siderophore transporters in several bacteria. Here, we show that the iron-regulated sirABC operon is divergently transcribed from the sbn operon that encodes enzymes involved in the synthesis of staphylobactin, a recently described siderophore produced by S. aureus. Mutation of either sirA or sirB increased the resistance of iron-starved S. aureus to streptonigrin and resulted in compromised growth in iron-restricted, but not iron-rich, media. We also demonstrated that sirA and sirB mutants are compromised in the ability to transport iron complexed to staphylobactin but are not compromised for uptake of other iron complexes, such as ferric hydroxamates, ferric enterobactin, or ferric citrate. SirA- and SirB-deficient S. aureus, however, retain the ability to produce staphylobactin. Moreover, we found that transcription from the sbn operon was increased, relative to the wild type, in both sirA and sirB knockout strains, likely in response to an increased level of iron starvation in these cells. These results provide evidence of a role for these proteins in iron import in S. aureus and for full fitness of the bacterium in iron-restricted environments and demonstrate a function for S. aureus genes encoding proteins involved in the transport of an endogenously produced siderophore.
3

Rakeman, Jennifer L., Heather R. Bonifield, and Samuel I. Miller. "A HilA-Independent Pathway to Salmonella typhimurium Invasion Gene Transcription." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 10 (May 15, 1999): 3096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.10.3096-3104.1999.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella typhimurium invasion of nonphagocytic cells requires the expression of a type III secretion system (TTSS) encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). TTSS gene transcription is activated in response to environmental signals and requires transcriptional regulators encoded within (HilA) and outside (SirA) SPI1. Two unique loci, sirB and sirC, which contribute to SPI1 gene transcription were defined.sirC is an SPI1-encoded transcription factor of the AraC family that contributes to the invasive phenotype. sirB is required for maximal expression of sirC and consists of two open reading frames located near kdsA, a gene involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. sirC expression, unlike expression of other SPI1 genes, does not require HilA. Overexpression of sirC or sirA restores expression of a subset of SPI1 genes, including invF and sspC, in the absence of HilA. These data define roles for SirC and SirA as part of a HilA-independent pathway to SPI1 gene expression. We postulate that HilA-independent activation of inv expression is important for efficient assembly and function of the SPI1 TTSS.
4

Speziali, Craig D., Suzanne E. Dale, James A. Henderson, Enrique D. Vinés, and David E. Heinrichs. "Requirement of Staphylococcus aureus ATP-Binding Cassette-ATPase FhuC for Iron-Restricted Growth and Evidence that It Functions with More than One Iron Transporter." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 6 (March 15, 2006): 2048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.6.2048-2055.2006.

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ABSTRACT In Staphylococcus aureus, fhuCBG encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that is required for the transport of iron(III)-hydroxamates; mutation of either fhuB or fhuG eliminates transport. In this paper, we describe construction and characterization of an S. aureus fhuCBG deletion strain. The ΔfhuCBG::ermC mutation not only resulted in a strain that was incapable of growth on iron(III)-hydroxamates as a sole source of iron but also resulted in a strain which had a profound growth defect in iron-restricted laboratory media. The growth defect was not a result of the inability to transport iron(III)-hydroxamates since S. aureus fhuG::Tn917 and S. aureus fhuD1::Km fhuD2::Tet mutants, which are also unable to transport iron(III)-hydroxamates, do not have similar iron-restricted growth defects. Complementation experiments demonstrated that the growth defect of the ΔfhuCBG::ermC mutant was the result of the inability to express FhuC and that this was the result of an inability to transport iron complexed to the S. aureus siderophore staphylobactin. Transport of iron(III)-staphylobactin is dependent upon SirA (binding protein), SirB (permease), and SirC (permease). S. aureus expressing FhuC with a Walker A K42N mutation could not utilize iron(III)-hydroxamates or iron(III)-staphylobactin as a sole source of iron, supporting the conclusion that FhuC, as expected, functions with FhuB, FhuG, and FhuD1 or FhuD2 to transport iron(III)-hydroxamates and is the “genetically unlinked” ABC-ATPase that functions with SirA, SirB, and SirC to transport iron(III)-staphylobactin. Finally, we demonstrated that the ΔfhuCBG::ermC strain had decreased virulence in a murine kidney abscess model.
5

RAUX, Evelyne, Helen K. LEECH, Richard BECK, Heidi L. SCHUBERT, Patricio J. SANTANDER, Charles A. ROESSNER, A. Ian SCOTT, et al. "Identification and functional analysis of enzymes required for precorrin-2 dehydrogenation and metal ion insertion in the biosynthesis of sirohaem and cobalamin in Bacillus megaterium." Biochemical Journal 370, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021443.

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In Bacillus megaterium, the hemAXBCDL genes were isolated and were found to be highly similar to the genes from Bacillus subtilis that are required for the conversion of glutamyl-tRNA into uroporphyrinogen III. Overproduction and purification of HemC (porphobilinogen deaminase) and -D (uroporphyrinogen III synthase) allowed these enzymes to be used for the in vitro synthesis of uroporphyrinogen III from porphobilinogen. A second smaller cluster of three genes (termed sirABC) was also isolated and found to encode the enzymes that catalyse the transformation of uroporphyrinogen III into sirohaem on the basis of their ability to complement a defined Escherichia coli (cysG) mutant. The functions of SirC and -B were investigated by direct enzyme assay, where SirC was found to act as a precorrin-2 dehydrogenase, generating sirohydrochlorin, and SirB was found to act as a ferrochelatase responsible for the final step in sirohaem synthesis. CbiX, a protein found encoded within the main B. megaterium cobalamin biosynthetic operon, shares a high degree of similarity with SirB and acts as the cobaltochelatase associated with cobalamin biosynthesis by inserting cobalt into sirohydrochlorin. CbiX contains an unusual histidine-rich region in the C-terminal portion of the protein, which was not found to be essential in the chelation process. Sequence alignments suggest that SirB and CbiX share a similar active site to the cobaltochelatase, CbiK, from Salmonella enterica.
6

Longtine, M. S., S. Enomoto, S. L. Finstad, and J. Berman. "Telomere-mediated plasmid segregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves gene products required for transcriptional repression at silencers and telomeres." Genetics 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.171.

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Abstract Plasmids that contain Saccharomyces cerevisiae TG1-3 telomere repeat sequences (TRS plasmids) segregate efficiently during mitosis. Mutations in histone H4 reduce the efficiency of TRS-mediated plasmid segregation, suggesting that chromatin structure is involved in this process. Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4 are required for the transcriptional repression of genes located at the silent mating type loci (HML and HMR) and at telomeres (telomere position effect) and are also involved in the segregation of TRS plasmids, indicating that TRS-mediated plasmid segregation involves factors that act at chromosomal telomeres. TRS plasmid segregation differes from the segregation of plasmids carrying the HMR E silencing region: HMR E plasmid segregation function is completely dependent upon Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4, involves Sir1 and is not influenced by mutations in RAP 1 that eliminate TRS plasmid segregation. Mutations in SIR1, SIN1, TOP1, TEL1 and TEL2 do not influence TRS plasmid segregation. Unlike transcriptional repression at telomeres, TRS plasmids retain partial segregation function in sir2, sir3, sir4, nat1 and ard1 mutant strains. Thus it is likely that TRS plasmid segregation involves additional factors that are not involved in telomere position effect.
7

Caldwell, Christine Sego, Amy J. Trullinger, and Scott Denne. "4186 Single IRB and the CTSI: Liaison Model for the IRB Reliance Process." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.349.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Navigating the NIH Single IRB Policy has been challenging for investigators, study teams, and Human Research Protection Programs (HRPP). In response, the Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (CTSI) created an innovative Single IRB Project Manager role (sIRB PM), uniquely placed within the Indiana CTSI. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Single IRB Project Manager role was created in 2018 by the Indiana CTSI in response to the NIH Single IRB Policy for Multi-Site Research. The role of the sIRB PM is to serve as a liaison between the Indiana University HRPP, lead site, coordinating center, and participating sites when Indiana University serves as the Single IRB. This model has proven useful to both the IRB and lead site, notably in the following ways: At study start-up, the sIRB PM can handle complicated communications among sites and the IRB at the same time the lead site is responsible for many other administrative tasks related to start-up. By absorbing the workload of IRB approval for multiple sites, the sIRB PM provides the lead site more capacity to handle other essential tasks.The sIRB PM translates new terminology and facilitates processes that are new for sites.RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Early assessment of this program is predominantly positive. The sIRB PM currently supports 24 external sites. In an NIA-funded 13 site study, all sites were added within 9 months of initial IRB approval of the protocol. This role fills a gap that benefits: IRB staff by allowing them to fulfill their duties of screening and review while leaving some of the reliance organization to the sIRBPM.Lead PI by allowing them to focus on conducting the research instead of the many administrative tasks required for single IRB review.Participating sites by having a liaison to enter their amendments and reportable events into an otherwise closed IRB software system.All parties by having the sIRB PM manage document organization, storage, and distribution study-wide.DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The CTSI sIRB PM role effectively shifts administrative work caused by the sIRB mandate by merging research coordinator experience with regulatory experience while building upon an existing strong relationship with the HRPP. Future focus is on process education, standardizing pricing structure, and ensuring sufficient budget support in grants.
8

Dove, Edward S. "Requiring a Single IRB for Cooperative Research in the Revised Common Rule: What Lessons Can Be Learned from the UK and Elsewhere?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, no. 2 (2019): 264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519857282.

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This article argues in general support of the sIRB rule, but also draws on recent empirical research to highlight several residual weaknesses in the US regulatory structure for research ethics review, and suggests ways in which these weaknesses might be addressed in future regulatory reforms to improve upon the sIRB rule.
9

Rudner, Adam D., Brian E. Hall, Tom Ellenberger, and Danesh Moazed. "A Nonhistone Protein-Protein Interaction Required for Assembly of the SIR Complex and Silent Chromatin." Molecular and Cellular Biology 25, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 4514–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.25.11.4514-4528.2005.

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ABSTRACT Budding yeast silent chromatin, or heterochromatin, is composed of histones and the Sir2, Sir3, and Sir4 proteins. Their assembly into silent chromatin is believed to require the deacetylation of histones by the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sir2 and the subsequent interaction of Sir3 and Sir4 with these hypoacetylated regions of chromatin. Here we explore the role of interactions among the Sir proteins in the assembly of the SIR complex and the formation of silent chromatin. We show that significant fractions of Sir2, Sir3, and Sir4 are associated together in a stable complex. When the assembly of Sir3 into this complex is disrupted by a specific mutation on the surface of the C-terminal coiled-coil domain of Sir4, Sir3 is no longer recruited to chromatin and silencing is disrupted. Because in sir4 mutant cells the association of Sir3 with chromatin is greatly reduced despite the partial Sir2-dependent deacetylation of histones near silencers, we conclude that histone deacetylation is not sufficient for the full recruitment of silencing proteins to chromatin and that Sir-Sir interactions are essential for the assembly of heterochromatin.
10

Connelly, Jessica J., Peihua Yuan, Hao-Chi Hsu, Zhizhong Li, Rui-Ming Xu, and Rolf Sternglanz. "Structure and Function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sir3 BAH Domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 3256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.26.8.3256-3265.2006.

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ABSTRACT Previous work has shown that the N terminus of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sir3 protein is crucial for the function of Sir3 in transcriptional silencing. Here, we show that overexpression of N-terminal fragments of Sir3 in strains lacking the full-length protein can lead to some silencing of HML and HMR. Sir3 contains a BAH (bromo-adjacent homology) domain at its N terminus. Overexpression of this domain alone can lead to silencing as long as Sir1 is overexpressed and Sir2 and Sir4 are present. Overexpression of the closely related Orc1 BAH domain can also silence in the absence of any Sir3 protein. A previously characterized hypermorphic sir3 mutation, D205N, greatly improves silencing by the Sir3 BAH domain and allows it to bind to DNA and oligonucleosomes in vitro. A previously uncharacterized region in the Sir1 N terminus is required for silencing by both the Sir3 and Orc1 BAH domains. The structure of the Sir3 BAH domain has been determined. In the crystal, the molecule multimerizes in the form of a left-handed superhelix. This superhelix may be relevant to the function of the BAH domain of Sir3 in silencing.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "SIRB":

1

Svensson, Hanna. "”Den är den enda räddningen för Europas kulturfolk – varken mer eller mindre” : En komparativ studie av svenska tidningars framställningar av Rasbiologi 1919–1958." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Skolnära forskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53424.

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This dissertation examines two daily newspapers’ representations of eugenics from the incipient racial biological investigation 1919 until 1958, and the State Institute for Racial Biology is reorganized. The dissertation also aims to examine whether there are any distinct turning points where the newspapers distance themselves from the ideas and the research of eugenics. The analysis material is based on newspaper articles from two national dailies, i.e., Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter. The theoretical framework and method are based on Fairclough’s discourse theory and analysis to observe and elucidate how eugenics is represented over a longer period of time. The conclusion of the dissertation is that the newspapers continuously designate racial biology as something unique and being the salvation from degeneration until Herman Lundborg resigns as head of the institute. After Gunnar Dahlberg took over the managerial position the activities at the Institute changed course and the research undertaken there became engaged in medical genetics and social medicine instead of racial biology. The main argument for the establishment of the institute was that it would provide protection for the Swedish race. The norms and attitudes were more about the science and somewhat about nationalism, while what we now call racism did not seem to be included at all. The discourses about racial biology that have arisen have been maintained in society through the newspapers, as the recipients have been continuously fed with praiseworthy and warning words. This fits with Foucault’s reasoning and theory which he clarifies the fact that discourses are conditioned by how society discusses about something that over time has been an influence on how people are classified or treated by the newspapers that maintains it.
2

Gerson, Rosalind J. "The Interaction Between Sir3 and Sir4 is Dispensable for Silent Chromatin Spreading in Budding Yeast." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32232.

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In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, telomeric and HM silencing requires the histone deacetylase Sir2 and the chromatin binding proteins Sir3 and Sir4, which interact to form the SIR complex. Silent chromatin formation begins with a nucleation step, followed by spreading of Sir proteins along chromatin. Overexpression of Sir3 extends silent chromatin domains, however the role of Sir protein interactions within silent chromatin extensions remains unknown. Here, we generated the Sir3 mutant, Sir3-4A, which cannot interact with Sir4 but is capable of forming silent chromatin extensions when overexpressed. Within extended silent domains, Sir2 and Sir4 enrichments are similar whether Sir3 or Sir3-4A is overexpressed, suggesting that silent chromatin extensions require Sir4 but not the interaction between Sir3 and Sir4. Tethering Sir3-4A at an HMR silencer cannot nucleate silencing in the absence of Sir3, suggesting that in addition to Sir3 recruitment, the Sir3-Sir4 interaction has at least one other function during silent chromatin nucleation.
3

Harding, Katherine. "Silencing Proteins Sir3 and Sir4 have Distinct Roles in the Assembly of Silent Chromatin in Budding Yeast." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31578.

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The Silent Information Regulator (SIR) complex is responsible for the formation of silent chromatin domains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and consists of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2, and histone binding proteins Sir3 and Sir4. The current model of silent chromatin assembly proposes that histone deacetylation by Sir2 is required to promote recruitment of Sir3 and Sir4, and assembly of full SIR complexes on chromatin. However, recent work has suggested unique roles for the histone binding proteins Sir3 and Sir4 in this process. Here we present data suggesting that Sir3 is primarily responsible for mediating the spreading of silent chromatin from sites of nucleation, while regulation of Sir4 abundance controls the rate of silencing establishment. We have also investigated a potential novel dimerization domain in Sir3, which may represent a conserved function in vertebrates. Investigations into the regulation of silent chromatin assembly in budding yeast will facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms that control heterochromatin-mediated gene repression in higher organisms.
4

Henry, Courtney. "Population Based Model of Gonorrhea and Interventions Against Increased Antibiotic Resistance." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2784.

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Gonnorrhea is an infectious sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae that commonly reproduces in the reproductive tract.The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that more than 700,000 individuals in the U.S. contract new gonorrheal infections per year. During recent years, there has been a progressive global increase of drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea. Therefore, there exists the necessity for health organizations to encourage the monitoring, research and development of innovative treatment regimens. We have developed multiple mathematical models to explore the gonorrheal disease state. The first objective of model formulation was to fit the model to established disease and population data provided by the CDC and U.S. Census Bureau and then include the presence of antibiotic resistance in the model. Additionally, we discuss intervention methods to combat this resistance. The second objective of model formulation was to use parameter sensitivity to determine specific age groups to target in effort to alter disease dynamics.
5

Askin, Lindsey A. "Scribal culture in Ben Sira (Sir 38:1-15; 41:1-15; 43:11-19; 44-50)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/255388.

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The Book of Ben Sira, written at some point between 198 and 175 BCE, is a Second Temple Jewish wisdom text which regularly echoes or quotes the Hebrew Bible. A recent area of study in biblical scholarship has been that of scribal culture, written sources and physical remains left behind by societies with manuscripts and a scribal profession. While scholarship on Ben Sira has centred on his use of texts and on his sociocultural background, these issues might be better understood by examining Ben Sira through the lens of scribal culture as understood in biblical scholarship. This thesis proposes first to study the primary data of Ben Sira closely in order to discern characteristics of Ben Sira's individual scribalism or personal compositional style. This can then be compared to other evidence of ancient scribal culture. The central argument of the thesis is that the lens of scribal culture tells us more about the complexity of this ancient composition. Chapter One introduces the thesis and covers scholarship on Ben Sira and on scribal culture. Chapter Two examines the portrayals of Noah (Sir 44:17-18) and Phineas (Sir 45:23-26), exploring how Ben Sira uses one major biblical source in each. Looking at the portrayals of Hezekiah-Isaiah (Sir 48:17-25) and Josiah (Sir 49:1-3), Chapter Three highlights the harmonization of multiple sources. Chapter Four examines Ben Sira's lines on weather (Sir 43:11-19) in order to evaluate the relationship between quotation and literary model. Chapter Five approaches the sociocultural and textual spheres on the subjects of death and the body (Sir 41:1-15). Chapter Six investigates Ben Sira's perspectives on physicians (Sir 38:1-15) in the light of ancient medicine. Each of the selected passages shed a slightly different light on the scribalism of Ben Sira.
6

Pennington, Joseph Daniel. "Intramitochondrial function of SIRT₃." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609516.

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7

Sabino, Filipe Nathan Assunção. "Distribuição espaço-temporal e dinâmica populacional do Siri Callinectes Danae Smith, 1869 (Decapoda: Portunidae) na região adjacente à Baía de Babitonga, Santa Catarina /." Assis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131958.

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Orientador: Antônio Leão Castilho
Banca: Sabrina Morilhas Simões
Banca: Pitágoras da Conceição Bispo
Resumo: Estudos sobre a distribuição de organismos marinhos são essenciais para obtenção de informações sobre regiões afetadas por atividades antrópicas e para o entendimento da dinâmica populacional das espécies. Assim, o presente estudo visou investigar a abundância, a distribuição espaço-temporal e a biologia populacional do siri Callinectes danae na região adjacente à baía da Babitonga. O material biológico e abiótico foram obtidos mensalmente na região, no período de julho/2010 a junho/2011. As coletas foram efetuadas nas profundidades 5, 8, 11, 14 e 17m, com um barco de pesca com redes tipo "double-rig". Em cada profundidade foram verificados o número de indivíduos e os parâmetros de salinidade e temperatura de fundo, matéria orgânica e textura do sedimento. Um total de 3.999 indivíduos foi coletado, com diferença entre o número de machos (229) e fêmeas (3770). Os indivíduos foram mensurados na largura de carapaça (LC), bem como classificados quanto ao estágio de desenvolvimento. O valor estimado onde 50% dos indivíduos estão aptos à reprodução foi de 75,2 mm (LC) para os machos e 62,9 mm (LC) para as fêmeas. Para a análise do crescimento foi fixado o valor de L∞ com base nos valores da literatura, sendo que os machos e fêmeas apresentaram respectivamente a largura assintótica de 102,01 e 84,41, as contantes de crescimento de 0,007 e 0,006/dia, bem como a longevidade de 633 e 702 dias. A predominância de fêmeas nas maiores classes de tamanho pode estar associada a características da espécie, cujos indivíduos migram para diferentes regiões conforme o estágio de vida. Fêmeas reprodutivas buscam áreas com maior salinidade enquanto juvenis e machos preferencialmente vivem em áreas estuarinas, corroborando ao encontrado na bibliografia. A reprodução foi contínua, portanto a área de coleta demonstra ser de suma importância para a perpetuação...
Abstract: Studies on the distribution of marine organisms are essential for obtaining information on regions affected by human activities and for the understanding of the population dynamics of species. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the abundance, spatial-temporal distribution and population dynamics of the crab Callinectes danae in adjacent region of the Babitonga Bay. Biological and abiotic samples were obtained monthly in the region from July/2010 until June/2011. Samples were collected at 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17m deep, using a fishing boat equipped with doble -rig nets. The number of individuals and the following abiotic factors were recorded at each depth: salinity and bottom temperature, organic matter and sediment texture. A total of 3,999 individuals were collected, with difference between the numbers of males (229) and females (3770). The individuals were measured concerning the carapace width (CW) and classified according to the development stage. The estimated value where 50 % of individuals were able to reproduce was 75.2 mm (CW) for males and 62.9 mm (CW) for females. The value of L ∞ for the growth analysis was fixed based on literature values, where males and females showed the asymptotic width of 102.01 and 84.41 respectively, the growth constants of 0.007 and 0.006/day, as well as the longevity of 633 and 702 days. Prevalence of female in larger size classes may be associated with characteristics of this species, which individuals migrate to different regions depending on the life stage. Reproductive females search for areas with higher salinity, while juvenile and males preferably live in estuarine areas, corroborating with is found in the current literature. Reproduction was continuous showing that the sampled area has a primordial importance for the perpetuation of this species, since it shelters a very high percentage of reproductive females. The information from this study...
Mestre
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Oppermann, Christina Pimentel. "Express?o de SIRT 1 e SIRT 7 no c?ncer de endom?trio." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8029.

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Introduction: endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecological neoplasm in developed countries and the second most prevalent in Brazil, second only to cervical cancer. It corresponds to 5% of cancers in women worldwide. The majority of cases present as initial disease, and surgical treatment is curative. Few treatment options exist for patients with poor prognostic factors and advanced disease, and the process of carcinogenesis in endometrial cancer has not been fully elucidated. Sirtuins are proteins involved in several cellular processes. The family of these proteins is composed of seven sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7). They present specific cell locations, acting in a variety of processes, including regulation of gene transcription, genomic stability, metabolic control, cell cycle regulation, and cell survival. Few studies have evaluated the role of sirtuins in endometrial cancer as well as its association with prognostic factors. Objective: to evaluate the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT7 enzymes in histological samples of endometrial carcinoma of patients operated at Hospital S?o Lucas (Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica) between January 2000 and December 2015 and associate the expression of these proteins with the pathological staging and prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: we performed a retrospective study evaluating 66 samples of patients with endometrial cancer from January 2000 to December 2015. The expression of SIRT1 and SIRT7 proteins was identified by the immunohistochemical technique and quantified by the Allred score. The expression of these proteins in cancer samples was correlated with the prognostic factors: age, tumor grade, tumor size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular invasion and pathological staging. Results: SIRT 1 expression was positive in 40.9% of samples and SIRT7 expression in 24.1% of cases. Expression of these proteins did not present a statistically significant association with any of the adverse prognostic factors in endometrial cancer. Conclusions: endometrial cancer samples were positive for both SIRT1 and SIRT7, but without correlation in the study with prognostic factors. Expression of these proteins in samples of endometrial cancer may represent a possible therapeutic target to be developed in future studies.
Introdu??o: O c?ncer de endom?trio ? a neoplasia maligna ginecol?gica mais prevalente nos pa?ses desenvolvidos e a segunda mais prevalente no Brasil, menos freq?ente apenas do que o c?ncer de colo uterino. Corresponde a 5% dos c?nceres em mulheres no mundo. A maioria dos casos se apresenta como doen?a inicial, sendo o tratamento cir?rgico curativo. Existem poucas op??es de tratamento para pacientes com fatores progn?sticos adversos e com doen?a avan?ada, sendo ainda pouco elucidado o processo de carcinog?nese no c?ncer de endom?trio. As sirtu?nas s?o prote?nas envolvidas em diversos processos celulares. Sua fam?lia ? composta por sete sirtu?nas (SIRT1-SIRT7). Apresentam localiza??es celulares espec?ficas, atuando em uma s?rie de processos, incluindo a regula??o da transcri??o g?nica, estabilidade gen?mica, controle metab?lico, regula??o do ciclo celular e sobreviv?ncia celular. Poucos estudos avaliaram o papel das sirtu?nas no c?ncer de endom?trio, bem como a sua associa??o com fatores progn?sticos. Objetivo: avaliar a express?o das enzimas SIRT1 e SIRT7 em amostras histol?gicas de carcinoma de endom?trio de pacientes operadas no Hospital S?o Lucas da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) no per?odo de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2015 e associar a express?o dessas prote?nas com o estadiamento patol?gico e fatores progn?sticos. M?todos: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo com a avalia??o de 66 amostras de pacientes com c?ncer de endom?trio no per?odo de janeiro de 2000 at? dezembro de 2015. A express?o das prote?nas SIRT1 e SIRT7 foi identificada pela t?cnica de imunohistoqu?mica e quantificada pelo escore de Allred. A express?o dessas prote?nas nas amostras de neoplasia foi correlacionada com os fatores progn?sticos: idade, grau tumoral, tamanho do tumor, invas?o miometrial, invas?o linfovascular e estadiamento patol?gico. Resultados: a express?o de SIRT1 foi positiva em 40.9% das amostras e a de SIRT7 em 24.1% dos casos. A express?o dessas prote?nas n?o apresentou associa??o estatisticamente significativa com nenhum dos fatores progn?sticos adversos no c?ncer de endom?trio. Conclus?es: as amostras de c?ncer de endom?trio apresentaram positividade, tanto para SIRT1 quanto para SIRT7, mas sem correla??o com fatores progn?sticos. A express?o dessas prote?nas em amostras de neoplasia de endom?trio pode significar um poss?vel alvo terap?utico a ser estudado e desenvolvido em estudos futuros.
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Goodness, Kelly R. "Retrospective Evaluation of Malingering: A Validational Study of the R-SIRS and CT-SIRS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278240/.

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Empirically based methods of detecting retrospective malingering (i.e., the false assertion or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms reportedly experienced during a prior time period) are needed given that retrospective evaluations are commonplace in forensic assessments. This study's main objective was to develop and validate a focused, standardized measure of retrospective malingering. This objective was addressed by revising the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (SIRS), an established measure of current feigning. The SIRS' strategies were retained and its items modified to produce two new SIRS versions: The Retrospective Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (R-SIRS) and The Concurrent-Time Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms (CT-SIRS). Forensic inpatients were used to test the R-SIRS (n = 25) and CT-SIRS (n = 26) which both showed good internal consistency and interrater reliability. The overall effectiveness of the R-SIRS and the CT-SIRS in the classification of malingerers and genuine patients was established in this initial validation study. Moreover, their classification rates were similar to those obtained by the SIRS. Pending additional validation, these measures are expected to increase the quality of forensic evaluations by providing the first standardized methods of assessing retrospective malingering.
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Schmitz, Anna. "Die selektive interne Radiotherapie (SIRT)." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-97279.

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Книги з теми "SIRB":

1

Lādhiqānī, Muḥyī al-Dīn. Ughniyah khārij al-sirb. [Cairo]: al-Hayʼah al-Miṣrīyah al-ʻĀmmah lil-Kitāb, 1993.

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Ẓufayrī, Fāliḥ al-Dahmān. Dīwān khārij al-sirb. 8th ed. Abū Ẓaby: Abū Ẓaby lil-Taqāfah wa-al-Turāth, Akādīmīyat al-Shiʻr, 2009.

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3

Maqrī, ʻAlī. al-ʻ Afīf, zaman khārij al-sirb. 8-ме вид. Ṣanʻāʼ: [Muʼassasat al-ʻAfīf al-Thaqāfīyah], 2003.

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Walī, Muṣṭafá. Khārij al-sirb: Ilyās Murquṣ, Yāsīn al-Ḥāfiẓ. 8-ме вид. al-Lādhiqīyah: Dār al-Ḥiwār lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 1997.

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Walī, Muṣṭafá. Khārij al-sirb: Ilyās Murquṣ, Yāsīn al-Ḥāfiẓ. al-Lādhiqīyah: Dār al-Ḥiwār lil-Nashr wa-al-Tawzīʻ, 1997.

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Ḥusayn, Jamāl al-Dīn. ʻAmaliyat al-Sirb al-Aḥmar: Qiṣṣat abṭāl ighrāq īlāt. Jīzah: Markaz al-Ḥaḍārah al-ʻarabīyah lil-Iʻlām, 1991.

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Temu̇rbaġana. Sirġ-a-yin sir-a mangq-a. [Kȯkeqota]: Ȯbȯr Mongġol-un Surġan Ku̇mu̇jil-u̇n Keblel-u̇n Qoriy-a, 1987.

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Topan, Farouk. Siri. Nairobi: Jomo Kenyatta Foundation, 2000.

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9

Veksler, Jacobo Chencinsky. Siro. México, D.F: Premià, 1987.

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Einhorn, Lena. Siri. Stockholm: Norstedts, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "SIRB":

1

Sillmann, Thomas. "Siri." In Das Swift-Handbuch, 1111–53. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446457300.031.

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Pillai, S. Devadas. "Sirs." In Sociology Through Literature, 97–103. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429288050-8.

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Zehelein, Eva-Sabine. "Hustvedt, Siri." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_5518-1.

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Nitz, Eike. "Gunasinghe, Siri." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_1890-1.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Acarus siro." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_34.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Acarus siro." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_34-2.

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Füssle, Roswitha, and Andreas Sziegoleit. "Sepsis/SIRS." In Praxis der Infektiologie, 211–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56599-1_14.

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Tassier, Troy. "SIR." In SpringerBriefs in Public Health, 17–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38120-1_3.

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Bjørnstad, Ottar N. "SIR." In Use R!, 9–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97487-3_2.

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Gooch, Jan W. "SiB." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 661. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10611.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "SIRB":

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Sedaghat, Ahmad, Shahab Band, Amir Mosavi, and Laszlo Nadai. "Predicting COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) Outbreak Dynamics Using SIR-based Models: Comparative Analysis of SIRD and Weibull-SIRD." In 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference and Workshop in Óbuda on Electrical and Power Engineering (CANDO-EPE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cando-epe51100.2020.9337791.

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Keaton, Jeffrey R., and Luther H. Boudra. "Development of Sinkhole Hazard for Pipeline Risk Assessment in Northern Florida." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33117.

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Sinkholes are common features in parts of Florida, and the Florida Geological Survey maintains an online database of sinkhole incident reports (SIRs) that was started in 1965. The incident reports are accepted “as-is” without verification; sinkhole location, length, width, and depth are included in SIRs. A desktop assessment of sinkhole activity in northern Florida was developed on the basis of SIRs that were available in GIS (shape file) format from the Florida Geological Survey website and an understanding that sinkhole activity needed to be normalized to length for use in pipeline risk assessments. The rate of sinkhole development in northern Florida was quantified by extracting sinkhole locations within 10 miles of a 230-mile-long hypothetical alignment of a pipeline and lateral. Over 500 sinkholes were located within the approximately 4,700-square mile polygon. Sinkhole trends aligned to highways indicate more complete reporting; therefore, 33 road segments comprising a combined length of about 944 miles within the polygon were used for statistical analysis. The SIR database was accepted as an accurate portrayal of sinkholes during its 47-year existence. Sinkhole activity was portrayed as annual frequency for sinkhole width or length ranging from 1 to 500 feet and normalized to 1 square mile and 1 lineal mile. A sinkhole 2 feet or larger in width occurs on average 8 times per year somewhere within 10 miles of the hypothetical alignment; whereas, a similar sinkhole occurs on average 4 times per year along a length of 944 miles. A 2-foot or larger sinkhole occurs on average about every 600 years within any 1 square mile of the 4,700-square-mile area and about every 200 years along any 1 mile of alignment length. On a per-lineal-mile basis, the expected 1,000-year sinkhole would be at least 9 feet wide; whereas the 1,000-year sinkhole would be at least 22 feet wide. Performance of specific pipelines under loading conditions associated with sinkholes of various widths can be assessed and used in a pipeline risk assessment.
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Hoi, Steven C. H., and Pengcheng Wu. "SIRE." In the 19th ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2072298.2072474.

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Rabinovici-Cohen, Simona, Mary G. Baker, Roger Cummings, Sam Fineberg, and John Marberg. "Towards SIRF." In the 4th Annual International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1987816.1987836.

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Bandara, K. R. Damindra S., Satish Kolli, and Duminda Wijesekara. "Secure Intelligent Radio for Trains (SIRT)." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2243.

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American Railroads are planning to complete implementing their Positive Train Control (PTC) systems by 2020. Safety objectives of PTC are to avoid inter-train collisions, train derailments and ensuring railroad worker safety. Under published specifications of I-ETMS (the PTC system developed by Class I freight railroads), the on-board PTC controller communicates with two networks; namely, the Signaling network and the Wayside Interface Unit network to gather navigational information such as the positions of other trains, the status of critical infrastructure (such as switches) and any hazardous conditions that may affect the train path. By design, PTC systems are predicated on having a reliable radio network operating in reserved radio spectrum, although the PTC system itself is designed to be a real-time fail safe distributed control systems. Secure Intelligent Radio for Trains (SIRT) is an intelligent radio that is customized to train operations with the aim of improving the reliability and security of the radio communication network. SIRT has two tiers. The upper tier has the Master Cognitive Engine (MCE) which communicates with other SIRT nodes to obtain signaling and wayside device information. To do so, the MCE communicates with cognitive engines at the lower tier of SIRT; namely the Cryptographic Cognitive Engine (CCE) (that provide cryptographic security and threat detection) and the Spectrum Management Cognitive Engine (SCE) (that uses spectrum monitoring, frequency hopping and adaptive modulation to ensure the reliability of the radio communication medium). We presented the architecture and the prototype development of the CCE in [1]. This paper presents the design of the MCE and the SCE. We are currently developing a prototype of the SCE and the MCE and testing the performance of our cognitive radio system under varying radio noise conditions. Our experiments show that SIRT dynamically switches modulation schemes in response to radio noise and switches channels in response to channel jamming.
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"SiRF 2019 Committees." In 2019 IEEE 19th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sirf.2019.8709114.

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Campanile, James. "Enhanced scaleable SIRU." In 2016 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plans.2016.7479786.

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"SIRF 2009 Program." In 2009 IEEE Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smic.2009.4770482.

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"SiRF 2021 Committees." In 2021 IEEE 20th Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems (SiRF). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sirf51851.2021.9383245.

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Crane, Paul, Zhiyi Huang, and Haibo Zhang. "SIB." In the 13th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2677972.2678000.

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Звіти організацій з теми "SIRB":

1

Seetho, Isacc M., Steve Azevedo, Jerel Smith, William D. Brown, and Harry E. Martz, Jr. TP89 - SIRZ Decomposition Spectral Estimation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342043.

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2

Vodden, C. Sir William Logan wants you! Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/301720.

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Herrán-Páez, Estefanía, Atilio Bustos-González, Elena Corera-Álvarez, and Gerardo Tibaná-Herrera. SIR IBER 2018. SCImago Institutions Ranking. Chair Félix De-Moya-Anegón. Ediciones Profesionales de la Información SL, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3145/sir-iber-2018.

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Wind, A. F., and K. P. Murnaghan. CV-580 SIR-C format definition. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/327541.

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Agusti Strid, Alma, and James Ronicle. Social Impact Bonds in Latin America: IDB Lab's Pioneering Work in the Region: Lessons Learnt. Edited by Christine Ternent. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003004.

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In recent years, Latin America has seen the introduction of innovative pay-for-success mechanisms to fund social programs, including Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and Development Impact Bonds (DIBs), outcome-based contracts that incorporate the use of private financing from investors to cover the upfront capital required for a provider to set up and deliver a social service. In this context, IDB Lab established a SIB Facility in 2014 to promote the focus on outcomes in social programs and increase outcomes-based commissioning. The SIB Facility has resulted in IDB Lab providing support to developing SIBs in Colombia (first SIB launched in a middle-income country), Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Brazil. Since then, several employment SIBs have launched in Colombia and Argentina and prefeasibility studies for SIBs on other topics are currently underway in Chile. This Technical Note aims to capture the lessons learnt from developing SIBs in Latin America, focusing on the five countries where the SIB Facility played a pioneering role. The study takes a retrospective view in examining what has been done and a prospective view in considering how challenges can be overcome and how lessons learnt might be considered within the IDB Lab, both at SIB level and at ecosystem level looking at the SIB ecosystems that have started to emerge. In the study, we find that the SIBs that have launched in the study countries were well designed and that there had also been thorough consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the model.
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Grieve, R. A. F. Shuttle imaging radar (SIR-B): summary report. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/315245.

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Shtuni, Adrian. Domosdoshmëria e Riintegrimit: Fëmijët e Kthyer në Ballkanin Perëndimor. RESOLVE Network, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.1.wb.

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Që prej vitit 2012, 1070 shtetas nga vendet e Ballkanit Perëndimor kanë udhëtuar për të jetuar dhe luftuar në territoret e kontrolluara nga organizatat terroriste në Siri dhe Irak. Rreth 200 syresh kanë qenë të mitur në kohën e nisjes. Me kalimin e viteve, në arenën e konfliktit në Siri dhe Irak, kanë lindur një numër edhe më i madh fëmijësh të shtetasve të Ballkanit Perëndimor. Në fund të vitit 2019, rreth 485 individë ishin kthyer në shtëpi, duke e bërë Ballkanin Perëndimor rajonin me përqendrimin më të lartë të të kthyerve nga Siria dhe Iraku në Evropë. Qindra të tjerë, kryesisht të mitur, mbeten të bllokuar në Siri në kushte të rrezikshme, me perspektiva të pasigurta riatdhesimi. Shumë shtete po hasin vështirësi në vendimmarrjen e tyre lidhur me trajtimin e shtetasve që kanë udhëtuar për të jetuar dhe luftuar në të ashtuquajturin "kalifat" të Shtetit Islamik (IS). Megjithatë, përvoja dhe të kuptuarit e faktorëve që lehtësojnë angazhimin efektiv me të kthyerit nga Siria, e veçanërisht me fëmijët e kthyer, është ende në fazat e hershme. Kjo Notë Politike ofron rekomandime mbi qasjet alternative ndaj rehabilitimit dhe riintegrimit (R&R) të fëmijëve të kthyer në Ballkanin Perëndimor, duke ndërthurur praktikat e mira të kohëve të fundit me parimet orientuese të konventave, traktateve dhe protokolleve që fokusohen te të drejtat e fëmijëve.
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Wallace, Sean, Scott Lux, Constandinos Mitsingas, Irene Andsager, and Tapan Patel. Performance testing and modeling of a transpired ventilation preheat solar wall : performance evaluation of facilities at Fort Drum, NY, and Kansas Air National Guard, Topeka, KS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42000.

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This work performed measurement and verification of installed, operational solar wall systems at Fort Drum, NY, and Forbes Field, Air National Guard, Topeka, KS. Actual annual savings were compared estimated savings generated by a solar wall modeling tool (RETScreen). A comparison with the RETScreen modeling tool shows that the measured actively heated air provided by the solar wall provides 57% more heat than the RETScreen tool predicted, after accounting for boiler efficiency. The solar wall at Fort Drum yields a net savings of $851/yr, for a simple payback of 146 years and a SIR of 0.16. RETScreen models indicate that the solar wall system at Forbes Field, Kansas Air National Guard, Topeka, KS saves $9,350/yr, for a simple payback of 58.8 years and a SIR of 0.34. Although results showed that, due to low natural gas prices, the Fort Drum system was not economically viable, it was recommended that the system still be used to meet renewable energy and fossil fuel reduction goals. The current system becomes economical (SIR 1.00) at a natural gas rate of $16.00/MMBTU or $1.60 /therm.
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Strohbehn, Daryl R., and Garland Dahlke. Impact of Contemporary Group Assignment on Sire Means in Feed Efficiency Testing. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-531.

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Stanton, Brian, Francois Koenig, Greg Mazzaro, Marc Ressler, Kelly Sherbondy, and Gregory Smith. Ultra Wideband (UWB) Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) Radar Upgrade Assessment Field Experiment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada553479.

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