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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "SMA’s"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 11 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "SMA’s"

Available, None. "SMA’s 2020 Southern Regional Assembly Abstract Presentations." Southern Medical Journal 113, no. 12 (December 2020): 661–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.14423/01.smj.0000724304.14754.c8.

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Malukhin, K., and K. Ehmann. "Material Characterization of NiTi Based Memory Alloys Fabricated by the Laser Direct Metal Deposition Process." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 3 (December 29, 2005): 691–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2193553.

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Анотація:

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are used in a wide variety of applications including medical stents, couplings, actuators, jointless monolithic structures for actuation and manipulation, etc. Due to the SMA’s poor machinability it is advantageous to use rapid prototyping (RP) techniques for the manufacturing of SMA structures. However, the influence of the RP process on the properties of the SMA is not fully explored yet. A laser based direct metal deposition (DMD) RP process was used in this work to manufacture NiTi SMA samples and to investigate their physical properties using optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), chemical analysis with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). DSC analysis has shown that the thermally treated parts possess smooth and pronounced reversible martensite-austenite transformation peaks that are the prerequisite for the shape memory effect (SME) in SMAs. DSC has also shown that quenching affects the peaks. The density of the produced parts was close to the theoretical density of the material as determined by porosity measurements. Finally, SIMS depth profile analysis has shown very low amounts of contamination in the material manufactured by DMD. The major conclusion is that the DMD RP process can be used to manufacture high-quality SMA structures from SMA powders.

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Lai, Zhi Peng, and Shao Hua Guo. "Mechanism Analysis on Concrete Column’s Recovery Strengthening." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.707.

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This paper deals with the behavior of concrete columns actuated by SMA wires winding around the column’s cylindrical surface, when the concrete column are constrained and driven in circumferential direction by the SMA wires, the column’s ultimate bearing capacity and axial deformation are mainly studied. Both theoretical research and finite element simulation are carried out. The results indicate that, the SMA’s limited recovery in reverse transformation by heating can generate circumferential prestress, which will improve the concrete column’s ultimate bearing capacity and control its deformation, so as to realize the concrete column’s recovery strengthening.

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Jia, Ying-Qi, Chao Wang, Rui-Fu Zhang, Ling-Zhi Li, and Zhou-Dao Lu. "A Double Shape Memory Alloy Damper for Structural Vibration Control." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21, no. 07 (April 21, 2021): 2150098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021945542150098x.

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Shape memory alloy (SMA) dampers are widely investigated passive control systems for structural vibration mitigation. However, the damping robustness of conventional austenite SMA dampers may be affected by environmental temperature. In this study, an innovative double SMA damper (DSD) system is presented to improve the temperature robustness of the SMA dampers. In the proposed system, double SMA hysteretic elements with different phase transition temperatures are arranged in parallel, where the SMA element with lower transition temperature behaves as austenite under room temperature, and the other with higher transition temperature behaves as martensite. To study the vibration control effect, both single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures with DSD systems are employed. The thermal and mechanical behaviors of the SMA elements and the working principle of DSD are also introduced. Thereon, the equivalent linearization method for SMA’s output force and the motion-governing equations for SDOF structure with DSD are derived. Moreover, parametric studies are conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed DSD system in both frequency and time domains. Also, numerical analysis for the MDOF structure with DSD systems is carried out to illustrate the trend in response reduction with an increasing number of degrees of freedom. The analytical results show that the DSD can mitigate the structural seismic response more effectively than the conventional one with acceptable residual deformation, and is capable of delaying the degradation of SMA’s energy dissipation capacity. Less SMA material is required for the proposed DSD to fulfill the same mitigation requirement, and it is suitable for general applications for temperature robustness.

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West, Liam Richard, and Julie Pham. "Quality International Education and Academic Prizes: SMA’s Annual Conference in Perth has it all!" British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 14 (June 28, 2018): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099615.

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S. Kawate, Saurabh, Chethan K N, Laxmikant G Keni, Anand Pai, and Padmaraj N H. "Innovations and recent trends in Shape Memory Alloy: a review." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 16, 2018): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11445.

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Анотація:

Smart materials are materials, which have a definite response to stimulus provided through a change in pressure, temperature and termed as shape memory alloys (SMA). In this review, the general concept of SMA’s has been discussed along with shape memory effects. Shape memory material properties depend on phase shifting phenomena, which consist of pseudoelasticity and thermoelasticity. The basic SMA such as Ni-Ti (Nickel-Titanium) alloys, Copper (Cu) based SMA, Iron (Fe) based SMA are commonly used in the industry, Ni-Ti alloys are expensive but it has good super elasticity and superior mechanical properties. Cu and Fe based are economical as compared to the Ni-Ti alloys. The various fabrication techniques and common composition of the alloys have been discussed with in detail.

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Chiu, Min Chie, Long Jyi Yeh, and Tz Chi Hung. "The Development of Wrist Rehabilitation Assistive Devices Using a Shape Memory Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 740 (August 2013): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.740.408.

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For the purpose of wrist rehabilitation, a new type of SMA (Shape memory alloy) wrist rehabilitation device is developed. The palm will be actuated/lifted by the SMA’s driving force when the shape memory alloy is heated up. Four wires of the shape memory alloy (SMA-Ti50Ni45Cu5 with 1.0mm in ψ) are bundled and passed through a fixed plastic block. The whole set of the SMA wrist rehabilitation devices can give support to the palm’s bending mechanism. A 500(g) adult palm is presented in the experimental work. In order to actuate/lift the palm at a sufficient rehabilitation angle, an electrical circuit of 10(A) is adopted. Consequently, the issue, here, is to present a new type of SMA wrist splint that is used to provide a specified rehabilitation angle for the wrist.

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Oliveira, H. S., A. S. de Paula, and M. A. Savi. "Dynamical Jumps in a Shape Memory Alloy Oscillator." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/656212.

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Анотація:

The dynamical response of systems with shape memory alloy (SMA) elements presents a rich behavior due to their intrinsic nonlinear characteristic. SMA’s nonlinear response is associated with both adaptive dissipation related to hysteretic behavior and huge changes in properties caused by phase transformations. These characteristics are attracting much technological interest in several scientific and engineering fields, varying from medical to aerospace applications. An important characteristic associated with dynamical response of SMA system is the jump phenomenon. Dynamical jumps result in abrupt changes in system behavior and its analysis is essential for a proper design of SMA systems. This paper discusses the nonlinear dynamics of a one degree of freedom SMA oscillator presenting pseudoelastic behavior and dynamical jumps. Numerical simulations show different aspects of this kind of behavior, illustrating its importance for a proper understanding of nonlinear dynamics of SMA systems.

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Velvaluri, P., M. S. Pravdivtseva, R. Lima de Miranda, J. B. Hövener, O. Jansen, and E. Quandt. "Design Characterization of Thin Film Flow Diverter Stents (FDS) Based on SMA’s: FEA, CFD and MRI Study." Shape Memory and Superelasticity 5, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40830-019-00223-8.

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Tarng, Wernhuar, Chia-Jung Chen, Chi-Young Lee, Chih-Ming Lin, and Yu-Jun Lin. "Application of Virtual Reality for Learning the Material Properties of Shape Memory Alloys." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 10, 2019): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030580.

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Анотація:

A shape memory alloy (SMA) is an alloy which can eliminate deformation at lower temperatures and restore its original shape upon heating. SMAs have been receiving considerable attention in the research field of materials science, and their applications include robotics, automotive, aerospace, and biomedical industries. Observing the SMA’s shaping and restoration processes is important for understanding its working principles and applications. However, the transformation of its crystal structure with temperature can only be seen using special equipment, such as a transmission electron microscope (TEM), which is an expensive apparatus and the operation requires professional skills. In this study, a teaching module is designed using virtual reality (VR) technology and research results of an SMA to show its shape memory properties, shaping and restoration processes, as well as the real-life applications in an immersive and interactive way. A teaching experiment has been conducted to analyze students’ learning effectiveness using the teaching module (the experimental group) compared with that of using real SMA materials as the teaching aids (the control group). Two classes of students in the Department of Materials Science (one as the experimental group and the other as the control group) were selected as the samples by convenience sampling from a university in North Taiwan. The experimental group contained 52 students and the control group contained 70 students. A nonequivalent pretest-posttest design was adopted to explore whether the two groups had a significant difference in learning effectiveness. The experimental results reveal that the teaching module can improve the learning effectiveness significantly (p = 0.001), and the questionnaire results also show that a majority of the students had positive attitudes about the teaching module. They believed that it could increase their learning motivation and help them understand the properties and applications of the SMA.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "SMA’s"

Vrljicak, Pavle J. "Role of Smads during renal branching morphogenesis." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19397.

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Transforming growth factor-p (TGFp) pathways have been shown to regulate renal branching morphogenesis, one of the key processes determining the final number of nephrons. Although Smads are known to be downstream mediators of these signals, little is known about their role in kidney development. Using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization we investigated the expression of Smads during kidney development. We have found that the receptor regulated Smads (1, 2, 3, 5 and 8) as well as the common partner (Smad4), are expressed in the developing kidney during nephrogenesis. These factors have a specific expression pattern that overlaps with the expression of the signalling molecules BMP-4 and TGFpi. Expression of Smads 1, 3, 4, 5 and 8 is mainly found in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the nephrogenic zone as well as ureteric bud tips, but is downregulated in condensing mesenchymal structures. Smad 2 is mostly expressed in the stromal cell compartment. The distinct, yet overlapping, expression of Smads suggests that the specificity of TGFp signals might be determined in part by the combination of Smads expressed in a particular cell type. To better characterize the role of TGFP in kidney development, mouse embryonic kidney explants were treated with soluble TGFP ligands. Addition of BMP-2 and TGFpi inhibited renal branching morphogenesis through their effects on proliferation and survival. Similarly, proliferation and survival appeared to be the critical processes affected by TGFP signalling in the mIMCD-3 model of tubulogenesis. The direct role of Smads was examined by overexpression of a Smad3-GFP fusion protein in mIMCD-3 cells. Apoptosis was most frequently co-localized to Smad-3 transfected cells, which was consistent with the effects observed from the ligand, TGFpi. To test these observations in vivo, we developed a novel method for the manipulation of embryonic kidney explants in culture. GFP-expression vectors were introduced in kidney explants without loss in viability, and the expression of GFP was found to be rapid and sustained for several days in culture. In summary, this study has placed Smads downstream of TGFP signals in the developing kidney, and it opens the door to finding molecules that might be affected by these signals.

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Dimitrios, Rekleitis. "Cloud-based Knowledge Management in Greek SME’s." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78715.

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Анотація:

Nowadays, Cloud Technologies are commonly used for a lot of large organizations to aid knowledge sharing. This brings some benefits to the organization by reducing the cost of the charges, improve security, enhance content accessibility, improve efficiency etc. On the other hand, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) tend to manage their information in more informal way by not using the specific language or terminology of KM. Moreover, Small and Medium enterprises do not trust the adoption of cloud-based techniques for managing information for many reasons that discussed later. This thesis tries to provide the benefits and drawbacks of cloud-based Knowledge Management techniques in Greek SMEs and also to find how knowledge processes are used in Greek SMEs according to cloud-based Knowledge Management techniques. Also, through this work I will come up with the benefits and drawbacks of applying cloud-based techniques for managing information-knowledge in SMEs. To accomplish this, I derived with a methodology that is based on qualitative approach. More specifically, I provide an exhaustive literature review and then I contacted with five SMEs in Greece to explore, using different techniques, if these SMEs can benefit from the cloud-based Knowledge Management techniques and how indent are for adopting cloud-based Knowledge Management techniques in their organization. I realized that three of the SMEs are using cloud-based techniques for Knowledge Management, where the two of them does not. To be more specific one of these two SMEs does not manage its knowledge at all. However, all of the five organizations showed a great interest to adopt cloud-based and information system technologies for Knowledge Management. At the end, this work comes up with the following important findings and insights, as well: Cloud-based Knowledge Management techniques can bring a lot of benefits in terms of cost savings and performance. However, this suits the right and efficiently use of cloud-based techniques. The lack of using efficiently cloud-based Knowledge Management techniques may lead to some drawbacks, such as reduction on the performance of the organization and reduction on the savings. This thesis also discusses some points for future direction such as the analysis of a larger space of organizations, the investigation of quantitative analysis and also the combination of both (qualitative and quantitative).

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Selvaraj, Shreesha, and Muhammad Bilal. "Order Processing for SME’s using Enterprise Application Integration." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19721.

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Due to the rapid changing environment many organizations are striving to achieve agility and flexibility in internal and external environments. In order for an enterprise to be able to respond to this changing environment, it must integrate the business functions into a distinct system that is capable of exploiting information technology competently. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) mainly focused on integrating internal business functions and implementing an ERP system requires a significant amount of time and financial resources. Moreover, ERP systems are complex, non-flexible and are not capable of collaborating with autonomous application leading to difficulty in integration and customization [3]. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is an alternate technology to ERP where the integration process is automated without much effort. This research work mainly focuses on designing an order processing system using the concepts of EAI for Intra Organization in any small and medium enterprises (SME’s). As a result of this research work, a five layered architecture has been designed which can be integrated in any enterprise without affecting the existing business workflow. This architecture is categorized into Data Layer, Middleware Layer, Event Generation Layer, Translation Layer and Interface layer. Further to actually test the extent and reliability of this architecture a prototype system implementation is built at Hyundai Mobis Parts- Sweden, using the concepts of EAI. In addition the evaluation of the prototype system is performed to check the above defined layers of the architecture.

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Holmander, Niklas, and Carl Foglin. "SaaS based CRM systems contribution on SME’s growth." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27179.

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Batikas, Michail. "SME’s participation to Free Libre Open Source Software Communities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/38704.

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Les motivacions entorn al programari lliure han estat sempre un tema de gran interès, sent la pregunta més obvia, "perquè les persones treballen de forma gratuïta?". Les motivacions dels desenvolupadors han estat establertes (per exemple, von Hippel (2001), Lerner and Tirole (2002)). De la mateixa manera que ho han estat per a les empreses grans i petites que adopten programari lliure basat en models de negoci (per exemple, Lakhani and von Hippel, 2003; Fitzgerald, 2006; Krishnamurthy, 2004). No obstant això, un nombre cada vegada més elevat de les PIMES amb estratègies que no estan directament relacionades amb aquest model de negoci estan contribuint a les comunitats de programari lliure. En aquest estudi s'investiga les motivacions d'aquestes empreses des d'un punt de vista de comportament mitjançant un model d'investigació basat en TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior). Hem demostrat que factors com la "obertura" d'una PIME, la importància percebuda del programari lliure, els desenvolupadors (empleats) d'una PIME, juntament amb l'ambient extern, podrien influir en la decisió d'una PIME a participar en comunitats de programari lliure. A més, hem demostrat que es poden identificar algunes diferències entre empreses d'alta base tecnològica i empreses amb poca base tecnològica. Aquestes conclusions poden ajudar governs nacionals o regionals per millorar el disseny de polítiques per tal d'incentivar l'ús i la participació de les empreses en les comunitats de programari lliure. Especialment ara, degut a la forta crisi econòmica que pateix Europa, el programari lliure pot ser una solució adequada per a fomentar la innovació.
Motivations in FLOSS have always been a subject of great interest, by starting with the most obvious question, “why people work for free?”. The motivations of developers have been well established (eg von Hippel (2001), Lerner and Tirole 2002). The same exists also for big and small companies adopting FLOSS based Business Models (eg Lakhani and von Hippel, 2003; Fitzgerald 2006; Krishnamurthy, 2004). However an increasing number of SMEs with strategies not directly related to the Business Model are contributing to FLOSS communities. In this study we try to investigate these motivations under a behavioral perspective by using a research model based on TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior). We demonstrated that factors like the “openness” of a SME, the perceived importance of FLOSS, the developers (employees) of a SME along with the external environment of a SME, could influence the decision of a SME to participate in FLOSS communities. Also, we have demonstrated that some differences can be identified between high tech firms and non high tech firms. These findings can help national or regional governments to design better policies in order to better promote the use and the participation of firms to FLOSS communities. Especially now, in times of heavy economical crisis in Europe, FLOSS can be an adequate solution to foster innovation.

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Goncalves, António. "Does risk management influence performance of E-commerce SME’s?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359889.

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Global Savings Group - Rocket Internet SE venture currency risk management exposure. This thesis covers the theory around currency risk management, putting it into practice with the real case of GSG currency risk exposure. In the end I aim to verify if currency risk affects the performance of SMEs, and if such type of companies (in this case the GSG) are aware of such exposure and if they adopt any strategies in order to reduce such exposure.

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Axengren, Josefine, and Sandra Petersson. "Att lyckas med strategisk planering och strategisk kontroll – En fallstudie på två svenska företag." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10443.

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En konkurrenskraftig strategi kan vara en avgörande faktor för ett företags framgång. En formell företagsstrategi ser till att både de som deltar i den strategiska planeringen och i genomförandet följer samma mål. Det riktas kritik mot hur företag använder sig av strategisk planering och den största utmaningen för företagen ligger i att implementera strategin i verksamheten. Ett problem som är kopplat till strategier är att organisationers sätt att skapa konkurrensfördelar förändras snabbt. Företagen måste på grund av detta skapa förutsättningar för en ständigt pågående strategisk dialog.Syftet är att undersöka hur små och medelstora företag (SMF) arbetar med den strategiska planeringen i verksamheten och hur de kontrollerar att de strategiska aktiviteterna verkar i linje med det långsiktiga målet. Syftet med studien är även att ta reda på vilka faktorer som bidrar till en lyckad strategisk planering och implementering hos SMF. För att besvara vårt syfte har en multipel fallstudie gjorts på två SMF i Sjuhäradsområdet. Personliga intervjuer har genomförts med personer från företagens ledningsgrupp och styrelse.SMF har gemensamma karaktärsdrag gentemot stora företag och följande områden har undersökts: omgivningsfaktorer, organisationsmiljö och ledningen. Storleken på företaget har en betydande roll när det kommer till hur stor påverkan omgivningen har på ett företag. SMF har mer begränsade resurser vilket bidrar till större osäkerhet i omgivningen och att hålla koll på bland annat andra konkurrenter. Organisationsstrukturen hos SMF kännetecknas av en platt struktur med få ledningsnivåer vilket bidrar till en hög flexibilitet och förmåga att anpassa sig till marknaden. De få ledningsnivåerna bidrar till att antalet mellanchefer är färre och kravet på Vd:ns ledningsexpertis ökar.The Closed-Loop Management System är en modell som föreslås användas vid strategisk planering hos företag. Modellen består av fem steg: utveckla strategin, översätta strategin, planera handlingar, kontrollera och lär samt testa och anpassa strategin. Modellen beskriver hur företag ska gå tillväga från att formulera och uttala strategin till att implementera och kommunicera den i verksamheten och har använts som underlag för att undersöka hur SMFs arbetar med strategisk planering och strategisk kontroll i praktiken. För att säkerställa att implementering av strategin blivit lyckad behöver företagen utföra strategisk kontroll. Ett sätt att utföra strategisk kontroll är genom att använda sig av integrerad prestationsmätning. Det innebär en balanserad styrning mellan finansiella och icke-finansiella mått där orsak- och verkansamband mellan de olika måtten kartläggs och har undersökts på företagen i studien.Slutsatser som kan dras av studien är att tre viktiga faktorer som bidrar till strategisk framgång i SMF är: inställningen hos de anställda, val av organisationsstruktur och tydlig kommunikation. För att genomföra den strategiska planeringen används ett metodiskt arbetssätt för att strukturera upp aktiviteter och delmål som finns för att uppnå det övergripande målet. Genom att bryta ned det övergripande målet i delmål och aktiviteter säkerställer företagen att de kortsiktiga handlingarna verkar i linje med den långsiktiga strategiska planen. Det är även viktigt för företagen att kontrollera och mäta dessa aktiviteter. Finansiella och icke-finansiella mått används för strategisk kontroll men studiens resultat visar att de finansiella måtten är dominerande.
A competitive strategy is essential for a corporate’s success in their industry. The challenge is not only to design the strategy; it is to spread it throughout the organization. An integrated measurement system refers to support and control the activities and goals that leads to strategic success. Thus, earlier studies have shown that integrated measurement systems have contributed to improve large enterprises’ performances when applied in their businesses. However, this study refers to the gap of research on the use of integrated measurement systems and its impact on small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). This study focusses on two Swedish SMEs and research what characterize their qualities that contributes to strategic success. The study will also focus on how the SMEs apply strategic planning and strategic control in their business’s.The study was based on previous studies in the context of strategy. The interviews were conducted on two Swedish SMEs, and the respondents were people that are a part of each company’s management team that possess both knowledge and insight to the company’s strategic work.Our findings suggest that factors contributing to strategic success in SME’s are: the communication approach, the attitude of the employees and the organizational structure. The strategic planning in SME wasn’t based on a specific model to support the strategic planning. However, they use a similar methodical approach to implement the activities in the strategic planning process. Finally, the study also shows that SMEs use integrated measurement in terms of financial and non-financial measurements, where the financial measurements had a greater impact on the SME business’s.

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Fumagalli, Chiara. "Bringing italians SME’s to Brazil: the case of GM Venture." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17579.

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The Italian business presence in Brazil has been characterizing, since years, the economic landscape of Brazil. More than 1300 Italian companies, from the biggest to the smallest one, are acting in Brazil, exploiting the overall potential of this country and contributing with the excellence they can bring. Noting the consistency of the Italian presence and wondering how those companies have entered such a complex country and, a recurring name has been GM Venture, which became the protagonist of this dissertation. The thesis in fact aims at studying how GM Venture Company has been able to create value for Italian SMEs, contributing to their success in Brazil during the last ten years. Therefore this analysis focuses firstly on the literature dealing with the key success factors for the internationalization of small-medium enterprises. The second part of the literature goes deep in the specific case of the Brazilian context, trying to understand the major problems that this particular environment poses to small-medium companies internationalizing here and some specific factors Italian companies should pay attention to. Given this introduction, the analysis centers on the core topic of this dissertation. In fact the investigation regarding the GM Venture case looks specifically at how this company has been able create value despite those problems and create a business model able to successfully support SMEs entering Brazil. The inquiry on the case and the conclusion reports how GM Venture, through its operations, has been able to respond to the Brazilian rtise, and positively contribute to the growth and value of the Italian economic reality in this country. Moreover looking at the literature findings, this specific case introduces some novelty in the emerged factors, such as a new way of conceiving the Network, as well as new factors or undervalued ones for success such as promptness in the response and trustworthiness, which are essential in the Brazilian economic environment.
Desde muitos anos a presença Italiana no Brasil foi caracterizante do panorama econômico brasileiro. Mais de mil trezentos empresas italianas, das maiores ate as menores, são presente hoje no Brasil, aproveitando inteiramente do potencial Brasileiro e levando no Brasil uma contribuição relevante no sistema econômico, por meio da excelência que caracteriza estas empresas Italianas. Olhando ao tamanhão da realidade das empresas italiana no Brasil, e como todas essas corporações podia ter entrado em um pais muito complexo, ponto central foi a GM Venture, que se tornou o protagonista da minha dissertação. Esso TCC tem o escopo de entender melhor como esses deis anos GM Venture conseguiu em criar valor econômico por muitas media e pequena empresas Italianas, levando eles ao sucesso no novo país. Por isso a dissertação se focaliza inicialmente sobre a literatura da internacionalização e dos fatores essenciais de sucesso por uma pequena e media empresa em general. O secundo fator de analise nela literatura para o caso especifico do contexto Brasileiro, foi a compreensão dos problemas principais que o Brasil põe para pequenas-medias empresas estrangeiras, e algumas atenções que são necessárias em particular para empresários italianos. Para evoluir no tema, depois de essa introdução ao tema e ao contexto, o tópico mais importante é discutido. Então a investigação de esse trabalho se focaliza sobre o tema de como a GM Venture tem capacidade de responder com uma solução para os problemas presentados criando valor, e como ela criou um modelo de business que seja capaz de levar ao sucesso as empresas clientes no Brasil. A analise e conclusão do caso vão elaborar como a GM Venturo contribuiu ao resolver e evitar a complexidade Brasileira com meios legais e experiência, cooperando em positivo no crescimento da realidade econômica italiana em Brasil. Olhando ainda mais na analise da literatura e comparando o caso, parece evidente como o caso da GM Venture introduziu algumas novidades nos fatores já individuados, como uma ideais nova de network, e no mesmo tempo foi capaz de presentar fatores novos o subestimado, como a pronta velocidade e a confiança nos relacionamento de business que são muito importantes especialmente no Brasil.

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ASTBURY, MARC, and MARIUS LUX. "Foreign Market Entry Strategies: A Study ofBorn Global B2B SME’s." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223883.

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Perunicic, Darko, and Elena Alexandrova. "Do Well by Doing Good : Engagement of Smålands SME’s in CSR." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-713.

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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) prevail in their business communities and constitute the base of many nations’ economies. As a reason it is vital that SMEs show their active engagement and relatedness of their CSR activities making them at the core of their business strategies, as well as maintain their role as responsible citizens in their communities.CSR activities and practices being mainly developed by large corporations impede the way they can be applied on their smaller counterparts; ultimately leading to different results. SMEs require different solutions and run in different settings, which afford them unique opportunities to become sustainable enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of CSR engagement in Småland, Sweden. The study was divided into two parts, social (community wise) and environmental. We aimed to understand the reasons behind engagement and non-engagement in this matter. Also, it was important to find a pattern for future development of CSR among SMEs. We relied on previous research conducted for SMEs around Europe, and compared mainly the results from Sweden to our research findings.

This study was largely done by using the quantitative survey method, where a questionnaire was designed to collect the results. Descriptive and exploratory statistics is at the core of interpreting the results. Some of the findings were confirmed by previous research while the rest were either unprecendeted or surprising, both in a positive and negative way. The CSR involvement was highly related to the size of the companies, in total more than half of the companies were involved to some extent. The main reasons for involvement in local communities were ethical as well as to satisfy own employees. The reasons for non-engagement were due to lack of resources, time and money, but also the fact that many companies simply never thought about engagement. When it comes to the environmental part, the results showed that companies act very responsibly. They are also aware and compliant to legislations and have environmental policies. Again, ethical reasons were the main driving force behind environmental concerns for the companies, but also the enhancement of the image was a chief reason. In general, companies do not seem to find economical benefits behind the engagement in CSR and less than half of the companies that engage in social responsibilities today are planning on continuing in the near future. Social involvement is voluntary and companies choose to do it mainly because of ethical reasons. On an overall basis, the engagement of SMEs in social activities is quite weak to moderate, while in environmental engagement the results are to some extent more optimistic. However, we cannot allege that a handful of Smålands SMEs see the full business benefits of engagement and as a result they cannot be said to be working towards ‘doing well by doing good’. Policy makers, municipalities and larger firms need to support the SMEs in their further engagement.

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Книги з теми "SMA’s"

Feest, Johannes, and Brunilda Pali, eds. Gerlinda Smaus: „Ich bin ich“. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31723-2.

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Color atlas of SMAS rhytidectomy. New York: Thieme Medical, 1993.

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Publishing, Standard. Sma's Christmas Joy Coloring Book. Standard Publishing Company, 2000.

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State-of-the-art Research and Application of SMAs Technologies. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-16-8.

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(Editor), Peter ten Dijke, and Carl-Henrik Heldin (Editor), eds. Smad Signal Transduction: Smads in Proliferation, Differentiation and Disease (Proteins and Cell Regulation). Springer, 2006.

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Promoção da saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes em contextos migratórios / Promoción de la salud mental de niños, niñas y adolescentes en contextos migratorios. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275074589.

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Nos últimos anos, a região das Américas vem enfrentando uma das maiores crises migratórias em sua história recente devido a situações de instabilidade política e socioeconômica, levando milhares de pessoas a migrarem em busca de acesso universal à saúde e melhores condições de vida. Esta cartilha foi elaborada a partir de uma Oficina de Capacitação para Promotores(as) Comunitários(as) de Saúde Mental de Crianças e Adolescentes e das atividades de promoção da saúde mental realizadas no âmbito do Projeto SMAPS, de maio a setembro de 2020, em dez abrigos mantidos pela Força-Tarefa Logística Humanitária (FT Log Hum) - Operação Acolhida, por meio de parceria com o Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF) e o Instituto Pirilampos. A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS) desenvolveu, em 2019 e 2020, o Projeto Fortalecimento de Capacidades Locais em Saúde Mental e Apoio Psicossocial no Contexto do Fluxo Migratório em Boa Vista, Roraima (Projeto SMAPS), a fim de contribuir para a ampliação do acesso ao cuidado em saúde mental. O Projeto SMAPS integra uma proposta interagencial de assistência humanitária, financiada pelo Governo do Japão, e insere-se no contexto mais amplo da Plataforma de Coordenação para Refugiados e Migrantes da Venezuela (R4V). Trata-se de uma ferramenta prática para apoiar lideranças comunitárias, trabalhadores(as) humanitários(as) e demais pessoas que trabalham com o público infantojuvenil no planejamento e implementação de ações de promoção da saúde mental. Tem como objetivo apresentar os conceitos-chave, princípios, estratégias de ação e recomendações práticas para a promoção da saúde mental para crianças e adolescentes. En los últimos años, la Región de las Américas ha enfrentado una de las más grandes crisis migratorias de su historia reciente debido a situaciones de inestabilidad política y socioeconómica que han llevado a miles de personas a migrar en busca de acceso universal a la salud y mejores condiciones de vida. Esta cartilla fue elaborada a partir de un Taller de Capacitación para Promotores(as) Comunitarios(as) de Salud Mental de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes, y de las actividades de promoción de la salud mental realizadas en el ámbito del Proyecto SMAPS, de mayo a septiembre de 2020, en diez refugios mantenidos por la Fuerza-Tarea Logística Humanitaria (FT Log Hum) - Operación Acogida, mediante asociación con el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF) y el Instituto Pirilampos. Esta es una herramienta práctica para apoyar a liderazgos comunitarios, trabajadores(as) humanitarios(as) y demás personas que trabajan con el público infantojuvenil en la planificación e implementación de acciones de promoción de la salud mental. Tiene el objetivo de presentar los conceptos-clave, principios, estrategias de acción y recomendaciones prácticas para la promoción de la salud mental para niños, niñas y adolescentes.

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A, Kot C., Hsieh B. J, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering., and Argonne National Laboratory, eds. Verification of piping response calculation of SMACS code with data from seismic testing of an in-plant piping system. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1991.

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1939-, Vincenzini P., Besseghini S, and International Conference on "Smart Materials, Structures, and Systems" (3rd : 2008 : Acireale, Italy), eds. State-of-the-art research and application of SMAs technologies: "state-of-the-art research and application of SMAs technologies," Advances in science and technology, 59 : proceedings of the focused session A-10 "state-of-the-art research and application of SMAs technologies" of symposium A "smart materials and micro/nanosystems," held in Acireale, Sicily, Italy, June 8-13 2008 as part of CIMTEC 2008--3rd International conference "Smart materials, structures, and systems". Stafa-Zuerich, Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "SMA’s"

Stoff, Alexander. "SMAS-Facelift." In Selbstzahlerleistungen in der Dermatologie und der ästhetischen Medizin, 497–501. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43427-7_44.

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Hoschander, Ari S., and James M. Stuzin. "Extended SMAS Rhytidectomy." In Operative Dictations in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 13–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40631-2_3.

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Rao, Ashwin, A. R. Srinivasa, and J. N. Reddy. "Fatigue of SMAs." In Design of Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) Actuators, 125–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03188-0_9.

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Wainwright, C. E. R., and R. Leonard. "Manufacturing Strategy for SME’s." In Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Matador Conference, 93–98. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14620-8_15.

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Smaus, Gerlinda. "Interview als Einführung Antworten von Gerlinda Smaus auf Fragen von Brunilda Pali und Johannes Feest." In Gerlinda Smaus: „Ich bin ich“, 1–24. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31723-2_1.

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Smaus, Gerlinda. "Feministische Erkenntnistheorie und Kriminologie von Frauen." In Gerlinda Smaus: „Ich bin ich“, 197–218. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31723-2_10.

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Smaus, Gerlinda. "Marx im Sack der Kritischen Kriminologie. Über soziale Ungleichheit im Kriminalitätsdiskurs." In Gerlinda Smaus: „Ich bin ich“, 219–37. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31723-2_11.

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Smaus, Gerlinda. "Das Geschlecht des Strafrechts." In Gerlinda Smaus: „Ich bin ich“, 239–60. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31723-2_12.

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Smaus, Gerlinda. "Geschlechteridentität als kontextabhängige Variable - dargestellt am Beispiel der „eingeschlechtlichen“ Institution des Gefängnisses." In Gerlinda Smaus: „Ich bin ich“, 261–84. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31723-2_13.

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Smaus, Gerlinda. "Die Mann-von-Mann-Vergewaltigung als Mittel zur Herstellung von Ordnungen." In Gerlinda Smaus: „Ich bin ich“, 285–309. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31723-2_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "SMA’s"

Konh, Bardia. "Finite Element Studies of Triple Actuation of Shape Memory Alloy Wires for Surgical Tools." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6857.

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Since the early discovery in 1951 [1], shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been used in design and development of several innovative engineering systems. SMAs’ unique characteristics have introduced unconventional alternatives in design and development of advanced devices. SMA’s field of applications has covered many areas from aerospace to auto industries, and medical devices [2]. During the past couple of decades, scientists have suggested material models to predict the SMA’s shape memory effect (SME) and its superelastic behavior. The superelastic characteristic of SMAs (its capability to exhibit a large recoverable strain) has been widely used to develop innovative products including biomedical implants such as stents, artificial heart valves, orthodontic wires, frames of indestructible spectacles, etc. However, its actuation capabilities, known as SME, hasn’t been thoroughly expanded. The number of products privileging from SMA’s SME behavior has been very limited. The reason relies on the SMA’s complex material properties that depend on the stress, strain and temperature at every stage of actuation as well as the material’s processing and the thermomechanical loading history.

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Elahinia, Mohammad H., Jeong-Hoi Koo, Craig Woolsey, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Backstepping Control of an SMA-Actuated Manipulator." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60009.

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In this paper a nonlinear model-based controller is designed to globally asymptotically stabilize a single-degree-of-freedom shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated manipulator. A three part model was constructed based on the dynamics/kinematics of the arm, the thermomechanical behavior of SMA’s, and an assumed heat transfer model consisting of electrical heating and natural convection. The backstepping control is used to calculate the applied voltage to the SMA wire. Initially, the SMA’s wire stress is assumed to be the control input of the system. The stress is then chosen to asymptotically stabilize the desired position. The applied voltage to the SMA wire is the actual control input. This voltage is calculated based on the desired stress and the SMA’s thermomechanical and heat transfer models. It is shown that the calculated voltage can globally asymptotically stabilize the system. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate stabilizing performance as well as other issues such as robustness. The results demonstrate that the backstepping controller designs is highly accurate in stabilization.

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Braden, Paul, and Kaitlyn Gainer. "Application of the Shape Memory Effect to Restore Smoothness." In ASME 2015 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2015-8827.

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A major worldwide industry is the display and preservation of historical and rare documents, paintings, canvases, tapestries and other works of art. Many private collectors and museums pay large amounts, such as the $23 million for the U.S. National Gallery and $8 million for the U.S. National Archives. There is an even greater demand for many consumers who desire an affordable way to safely maintain their images in top condition for viewing and enjoyment. Another industry where the smoothness of the paper documents is important is in the shipping and delivery business. Here, many shipments are done with cylindrical tubes that cause the paper to appear bent and not flat. In some cases, this can pose a major problem for scanning and electronic devices which need a flat surface for optimal performance. A novel new alternative to traditional conservation methods is the use of Shape Memory Alloys (SMA’s) to remove wrinkles and other surface anomalies. SMA’s use a thermoelastic property called the Shape Memory Effect (SME) to recover large strains by phase transformation. In this process, the SMA is stretched until the polycrystalline microstructure is detwinned Martensite. Then, energy in the form of heat is applied to the SMA which causes the phase transformation to the more compact Austenite. Thus, a reverse method is the proposed solution for the complex problem faced by art preservation experts. Instead of using large clamps and having to wait for results, we demonstrate how embedded SMA wires in a robust picture frame can provide a continuous restorative force that maintains the picture’s smoothness. Using proper simple wiring from the SMA wires to the picture, it is possible to remove the strains in the paper and hold the picture to the proper smoothness long term. We provide experimental results and offer suggestions for the future use of SMA’s in this new field of art restoration.

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da Camara Monteiro, Paulo Cesar, Theodoro A. Netto, Luciana Loureiro da Silva Monteiro, and Marcelo A. Savi. "Design and Modeling Shape Memory Actuator for Offshore Applications." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41923.

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The use of shape memory alloys (SMA) in smart sensors and actuators is already well established in many areas such as biomedical and aerospace engineering. Likewise, SMA’s have an enormous potential for offshore oil and gas applications. They can be used, for example, in active vibration control devices or in deep water valves as actuators. In this work, two different prototypes of SMA actuation valves are developed — a linear and rotate sliding sleeve. Several tests were performed to determine the maximum force, maximum displacement of the devices. In parallel, numerical simulations using constitutive model of shape memory alloy are carried out to capture the behaviour of SMA actuators under different thermo-mechanical loadings.

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Urbina, Cristina, Silvia De la Flor, Francesc Gispert-Guirado, Albert Fabregat, and Francesc Ferrando. "Characterization of Phase Transformation and Shape Memory Behavior of Ti-Ni 54.4 wt(%) by Heat and Thermal Treatments." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25071.

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The objective of the study was to quantify changes in the phase transformation behavior in NiTi SMA wires when they are heat treated and thermally cycled at zero stress. The analysis involved weight fraction evolution derived from XRD profiles using the Rietveld method and specific software. The results were compared with those obtained from ER measurements. The study then analyzed how both treatments affect the SMA hardness. The results show how R-phase presence decreases with the increase in heat treatment temperature and indicate that the R-phase is developed or stabilized by thermal cycling depending on the heat treatment temperature. The SMA hardness increases due to thermal cycling. The increase is greater if there has been no R-phase development during the heat treatment. Combining the results of these techniques is deemed to be the most suitable combination of heat treatment and thermal cycling by which to improve the SMA’s functional properties.

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Crews, John H., and Ralph C. Smith. "Density Function Optimization for the Homogenized Energy Model of Shape Memory Alloys." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5036.

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In this paper, we present two methods for optimizing the density functions in the homogenized energy model (HEM) of shape memory alloys (SMA). The density functions incorporate the polycrystalline behavior of SMA by accounting for material inhomogeneities and localized interaction effects. One method represents the underlying densities for the relative stress and interaction stress as log-normal and normal probability density functions, respectively. The optimal parameters in the underlying densities are found using a genetic algorithm. A second method represents the densities as a linear parameterization of log-normal and normal probability density functions. The optimization algorithm determines the optimal weights of the underlying densities. For both cases, the macroscopic model is integrated over the localized constitutive behavior using these densities. In addition, the estimation of model parameters using experimental data is described. Both optimized models accurately and efficiently quantify the SMA’s hysteretic dependence on stress and temperature, making the model suitable for use in real-time control algorithms.

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Sado, Danuta, Marek Pietrzakowski, and Krzysztof Kęcik. "Vibration Control of Autoparametric System Using SMA Spring and MR Dampers in the Pendula Joins." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34090.

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This work is concerned with the problem of nonlinear dynamical motion of a non-ideal autoparametric system with two active elements — shape memory alloys (SMA) spring and the magnetorheological (MR) pin joint dampers in the neighbourhood internal and external resonance. A polynomial constitutive model was assumed to describe the behaviour of SMA’s spring and there was observed the pseudoelastic effects associated with martensitic phase transformations. The simplified resistance moment generated by the MR pin joint can be approximated using the hyperbolic tangent function. The influence of damping forces in MR dampers on the phenomenon of energy transfer and pseudoelastic effects associated with the martensitic phase transformation was studied. It was shown that in this type system one mode of vibrations might excite or damp another mode, and that except different kinds of periodic vibrations there may also appear chaotic vibrations. For the identification of the responses of the system various techniques, including chaos techniques such as bifurcation diagrams and time histories, power spectral densities (FFT), Poincarè maps and exponents of Lyapunov may be used. The SMA spring and MR damper can be used to change the dynamic behaviour of the autoparametric system giving reliable semiactive control possibilities.

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Cho, H. K. "Finite Element Analysis on the Behavior of Laminated Composite Shells With Embedded Shape Memory Alloy Wires." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41860.

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Motivated by needs such as those in the aerospace industry, this paper demonstrates the thermomechanical characteristics of static and dynamic (frequency) behaviors of laminated composite shells with embedded shape memory alloy (SMA) wire subjected to temperature environments. Numerical analysis for SMA fiber reinforced composite laminates is performed by synergizing finite element method with Brison’s model [1,2] of SMA constitutive law. A nonlinear finite element procedure with respect to shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) shell has been developed which incorporates a thermodynamically derived constitutive law for SMA behavior. Present illustrative applications involve rectangular laminated panels clamped along one side, although the method is applicable to more complicated laminates, geometries and boundary conditions. Panel geometry is discretized into specially-developed 3D degenerated eight-node laminated composite shell elements. General shell theory, involving incremental nonlinear finite element equilibrium that includes large deformations with Green-Lagrange strains, is employed. Several test cases which depend on volume fraction of SMA, temperature and ply angles are presented to illustrate the thermomechanical behavior of SMAHC. The results of numerical analysis show the ability of the suggested procedure to compute the thermomechanical behavior of SMAHC due to SMA’s internal phase transformations with stress and temperature.

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Khelfa, Frank, Lukas Zimmer, Paul Motzki, and Stefan Seelecke. "Development of a Reconfigurable End-Effector Prototype." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3788.

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Material handling is a crucial part of manufacturing and assembly in industry. In state-of-the-art handling systems, robots use various end-effectors to grip and transport different shapes of workpieces. The exchange process of fitted end-effectors to appropriate workpieces, often requires to interrupt the manufacturing process. From the prospective of economic efficiency, there is an inherent benefit creating a reconfigurable end-effector that is able to adjust automatically to different workpiece geometries. In this work a novel end-effector prototype based on shape memory alloys (SMA’s) is developed and experimentally validated. The end-effector prototype has four arms with two SMA driven reconfigurable degrees of freedom (DOF’s) to allow gripping of different workpiece shapes and geometries. Each arm is rotatable by 90 degrees (1. DOF) and uses a counterweight to relieve the SMA wire. The tip of the arm is driven by a separate SMA in a 20 degree range and it has a special locking mechanism to hold different positions without any flowing current. The designs of the actuator constructions are presented and a prototype is produced via rapid-prototyping. Future work will include the characterization of the second DOF and controlling the positions of both DOF’s by using a PID controller based on the SMA self-sensing ability.

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Sinn, Thomas, and Ron Barrett. "Design, Manufacturing and Test of a High Lift Secondary Flight Control Surface With SMAPBP (Shape Memory Alloy Post-Buckled Precompressed) Actuators." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3681.

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This paper discusses the design, manufacturing and test of a new kind of adaptive airfoil with Shape Memory Alloy actuation. An antagonistic arrangement of SMA wires is used in a Post-buckled Precompressed (PBP) kind of actuator that is being employed in an adaptive flap system. SMA actuators are typically used either antagonistically and/or arranged to move structural components with linearly varying resistance levels, like springs. This generally means that large percentages of strain energy are spent doing work on passive structure (rather than performing the task at hand, like moving a flight control surface or resisting air loads etc.). Post-Buckled Precompressed (PBP) actuators on the other hand are arranged so that the active elements do not waste energy fighting passive structural stiffnesses. Most (if not all) of the PBP actuators of the past have used piezoceramic elements and are highly prone to tensile failure on convex faces. Because SMA actuators are far more tolerant of tensile stresses than piezoceramics, a switch of actuator type is a natural progression of technology. With the Post-buckled Precompressed mechanism, the power consumption to hold deflections is reduced by one if not two orders of magnitude. Because aircraft often require flight control surfaces to be held in a given position for extremely long times to trim the vehicle, conventional SMA’s are essentially non-starters for many classes of aircraft. For the reason that PBP actuators balance out air and structural loads, the steady-state load on the SMAs is essentially negligible, when properly designed. Experiments showed that the SMAPBP actuator shows tip rotations on the order of 45° which is nearly triple the levels achieved by piezoelectric PBP actuators. The paper opens with a short survey on the history of flap systems actuated by adaptive materials and delves into actuation theory. In the following the author gives a detailed explanation of the design concept and the manufacturing of the airfoil. A NACA0012 airfoil with a chord length of 150 mm was used to prove the concept of the adaptive flap system. The paper continues with a description of the test setup, the CFD model assumptions and the results of wind tunnel tests. The architecture and the employment of a closed loop position feedback system to overcome the nonlinear behavior of the SMA material and the PBP mechanism is also discussed.

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Звіти організацій з теми "SMA’s"

Taya, Minoru, Masahiro Kusaka, and Suhasini Gururaja. Hierarchical Modeling of Ferromagnetic SMAs and Composites. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443837.

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Klote, John H. A computer model of Smoke Movement by Air Conditioing Systems (SMACS). Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3657.

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Maslenikov, O. R., J. J. Johnson, L. W. Tiong, M. J. Mraz, S. Bumpus, and M. A. Gerhard. SMACS: a system of computer programs for probabilistic seismic analysis of structures and subsystems. Volume I. User's manual. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5798909.

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