Дисертації: "Smart processes"

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Cañellas, Román Santiago. "Smart Catalytic Systems for Batch and Continuous Flow Enantioselective Processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665104.

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L'objectiu principal d’aquesta tesi es pot resumir en el desenvolupament de nous processos catalítics per la síntesi eficient de composts orgànics rellevants fent servir organocatàlisi i catàlisi de níquel, tant en lots com en flux continu. Després d’una introducció general, tres projectes de recerca conformen aquesta tesi. El primer projecte mostra el desenvolupament d’un nou organocatalitzador quiral suportat en poliestirè per l’anelació de Robinson enantioselectiva. Aquesta reacció dona lloc a intermedis clau per la síntesi d’un gran nombre de productes bioactius. Amb aquest nou protocol, la cetona Wieland-Miescher es va preparar en temps de reacció tan curts com una hora obtenint resultats excel·lents. A més, la naturalesa heterogènia del catalitzador va permetre el desenvolupament de la primera versió d’aquesta reacció en flux continu. En el segon projecte es tracta la síntesi d’un nou tipus de catalitzadors amb simetria C2. Aquests composts es van preparar en escala de multigrams evitant la necessitat de purificació per cromatografia. Després. La seva activitat catalítica es va probar en la reacció aldòlica entre cetones i isatines. Notablement, aquests catalitzadors van escurçar els temps de reacció típicament necessaris per aquesta reacció, mostrant millors enantio- i diastereoselectivitats que el seu anàleg sense simetria C2. Addicionalment, aquests catalitzadors es van poder recuperar després de la reacció fent servir tècniques d’extracció simples. Finalment, el tercer capítol mostra el descobriment d’una transformació catalitzada per níquel. Aquesta reacció, una cicloadició [2+2] d’alquins per donar ciclobutens, va ser descoberta per la utilització d’un lligand inusual en catàlisi de níquel, una aminofosfina. La versatilitat dels ciclobutens obtinguts es va mostrar amb la síntesi d’un producte natural, l’àcid epi-truxíl·lic, així com altres productes estereodefinits cíclics i acíclics. A més, les característiques mecanístiques d’aquesta reacció també s’han investigat.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis puede resumirse al desarrollo de nuevos procesos catalíticos para la síntesis eficiente de compuestos orgánicos relevantes a través de la organocatálisis y la catálisis de níquel, tanto en lotes como en flujo continuo. Tras una introducción general, tres proyectos de investigación conforman esta tesis. El primer proyecto muestra el desarrollo de un nuevo organocatalizador quiral soportado en poliestireno para la anelación de Robinson enantioselectiva. Esta reacción da lugar a varios intermedios clave para la síntesis de un gran número de compuestos bioactivos. Con este nuevo protocolo, la cetona Wieland-Miescher se preparo en tiempos de reacción tan cortos como una hora obteniendo resultados excelentes. Además, la naturaleza heterogénea del catalizador ha permitido el desarrollado de la primera versión de esta reacción en flujo continuo. En el segundo proyecto se trata la síntesis de un nuevo tipo de catalizadores con simetría C2. Estos compuestos se prepararon en escala de multigramos evitando la necesidad de purificación por cromatografía. Después, su actividad catalítica se probó en la reacción aldólica entre cetonas e isatinas. Notablemente, estos catalizadores pudieron acortar los tiempos de reacción típicamente necesarios para esta reacción, mostrando además mejores enantio- y diastereoselectividades que su análogo sin simetría C2. Adicionalmente, estos catalizadores se pudieron recuperar tras la reacción utilizando técnicas de extracción simples. Finalmente, el tercer capítulo muestra el descubrimiento de una transformación catalizada por níquel. Esta reacción, una cicloadición reductiva [2+2] de alquinos a ciclobutenos, fue descubierta por el uso de una ligando inusual en catálisis de níquel, una aminofosfina. La versatilidad de los ciclobutenos obtenidos se mostró con la síntesis del producto natural, el ácido epi-truxílico, así como otros productos estereodefinidos cíclicos y acíclicos. Además, las características mecanísticas de esta reacción también se han investigado.
The main goal of this thesis is the development of new catalytic processes for the efficient synthesis of relevant chiral organic compounds via organocatalysis and nickel catalysis, either in batch and continuous flow manner. After a general introduction, three research projects are collected in this thesis. The first one shows the development of a new polystyrene-supported chiral organocatalyst for the enantioselective Robinson annulation reaction. Importantly, this reaction gives rise to several important intermediates for the synthesis of many bioactive compounds. With this new protocol, the representative Wieland-Miescher ketone was prepared in reaction times as short as one hour achieving excellent results. Furthermore, a continuous flow synthesis of these bicyclic enones was performed for the first time using this supported catalyst. The second project illustrates the synthesis of a new class of C2-symmetric chiral triamines. These compounds were prepared in multigram scale avoiding the need of chromatographic purifications. Then, their catalytic activity was tested on the model aldol reaction of ketones with isatins. Notably, they were able to shorten the reaction times usually needed for this reaction, displaying an improved diastereo- and enantioselectivities in comparison with its non-symmetric counterpart. Additionally, the catalyst was demonstrated to be recoverable by using simple extraction techniques. Finally, the third project shows the discovery of a new nickel-catalyzed transformation. This reaction, a reductive [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of alkynes to cyclobutenes, was found out due to the use of an unusual aminophosphine ligand. The versatility of the cyclobutene products was showcased by the synthesis of the natural product epi-truxillic acid, as well as some cyclic and acyclic stereodefined products. Furthermore, the mechanistic features of this transformation were also investigated.

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Seifert, Fanny. "Smart Maintenance." Fraunhofer-Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Verpackung IVV, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32446.

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Temtem, Márcio Milton Nunes. "Development of biocompatible and “smart” porous structures using CO2-assisted processes." Doctoral thesis, FCT - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/1978.

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Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Engenharia Química, especialidade Engenharia da Reacção Química, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
Over the past three decades the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) has received much attention as a green alternative in the synthesis and processing of polymers. The scope of this thesis is the development of biocompatible and “smart” porous structures using CO2-assisted processes. This thesis is organized in four main chapters. The first one reviews and highlights some potentialities of supercritical fluid technology and the following ones compile the experimental work developed. The work is divided in three main parts: in the first part (2nd chapter) a CO2-assisted phase inversion method was developed in order to prepare porous structures, namely membranes. In the second part (3rd chapter) the focus was the synthesis of “smart” polymers,especially thermo and pH sensitive polymers. Finally, these two areas were combined (4th chapter) for the preparation of “smart” porous structures. The common guide line was the preparation or processing of biodegradable and/or biocompatible materials with special emphasis on the preparation of porous matrices, namely membranes and scaffolds, with controlled morphology. For membrane preparation a new high pressure apparatus and a new high pressure cell were developed. Polysulfone membranes (a biocompatible polymer with numerous applications in the medical field) were prepared and the effect of the solvent affinity and depressurization rate in the morphology and in the performance in terms of pure water flux of the membranes was investigated. The incorporation of a foaming agent was also analyzed and the high pressure CO2 capability to swell and melt polycaprolactone (PCL) was used to produce and control the porosity and the properties of the membranes. Finally, a natural and water soluble polymer (chitosan) was processed. The presence of water in the casting solution introduced extraordinary difficulties due to the low affinity between water and CO2. To induce the phase inversion a co-solvent (ethanol)was introduced in the CO2 stream. The obtained devices (membranes and beads) were fabricated using moderate temperatures and “green” solvents (ethanol, water and CO2). The morphology and the three dimensional (3D) structures were controlled by altering the co-solvent (ethanol) composition in the CO2 non-solvent stream during the demixing induced process. Microarchitectural analysis by scanning electron microscopy identified the formation of particulate agglomerates when 10% of ethanol in the scCO2 stream was used and detected the development of porous membranes with different morphologies and mechanical properties depending on the programmed gradient mode and the entrainer percentage (2.5-5%) added to the scCO2 stream. These chitosan matrices exhibited low solubility at neutral pH conditions, with no further modifications, demonstrating their applicability in bioreactors as static (membranes) or stirred (beads) culture devices. It was also demonstrated that the current method is able to prepare, in a single-step, an implantable antibiotic release system by co-dissolving gentamicin with chitosan and the solvent. In addition, the cytotoxicity as well as the ability of these structures to support the adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in vitro were also addressed. After 2 weeks in culture, a 9-fold increase was obtained (versus 6 of the control). More importantly, cells maintained their clonogenic potential and immunophenotype (>95% CD 105+ Cells after 7 days of culture). In this chapter, a hypothetical schematic ternary diagram for the systems polymer–solvent–CO2 is used to discuss and explain the results. Another goal of this thesis was the synthesis of “smart” polymers. Chapter 3, addresses the precipitation polymerization of a thermoresponsive hydrogel, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm), in scCO2. This hydrogel has a transition temperature, hereinafter called low critical solution temperature (LCST), around 32 ºC in an aqueous solution, close to body temperature. A strategy of solvent-free impregnation/coating of polymeric surfaces with PNIPAAm was suggested, in order to further extend the applications of membranes or porous bulky systems. The in situ synthesis of PNIPAAm within a chitosan scaffold was tested as a proof of concept, in order to produce smart partially-biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The LCST was tuned by copolymerization or graft polymerization of NIPAAm with other monomers. Copolymerization with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was used to decrease the LCST temperature from 32.2 ºC to approximately 27.7 ºC. Cloud point measurements of CO2 + HEMA system were used to optimize the polymerization temperature. Experimental data were obtained at 40 ºC, 50 ºC and 65 ºC and pressures up to 21.1 MPa. Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state with Mathias-Klotz-Prausnitz mixing rule was used to model experimental results and a good correlation was achieved. To increase the LCST, polyethylene oxide (an hydrophilic polymer) was grafted to PNIPPAAm. Dual stimulus (thermo and pH responsive) hydrogels were also prepared by copolymerizing methacrylic acid with PNIPAAm. As a proof of concept fluorouracil was incorporated in the hydrogels network and their release was controlled by temperature and pH stimulus. In chapter 4 the concepts of the previous chapters were put together envisaging the preparation of“smart” functional polymeric devices with targeted physical and chemical properties namely: (i) chitosan-based dual stimulus scaffolds (temperature and pH responsive); (ii) polysulfone-based thermoresponsive membranes and (iii) polymethylmethacrylate-based membranes. The chitosan scaffolds (pH sensitive) were coated/impregnated with a thermoresponsive polymer,poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), using scCO2 as a carrier to homogeneously distribute the hydrogels monomer within the chitosan scaffolds and as a solvent to perform the polymerization reaction.
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia através da bolsa de Doutoramento (SFRH/BD/16908/2004) e do projecto PTDC/CTM/70513/2006

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Pearce, Eric L. "Designing active smart features to provide nesting forces in exactly constrained assemblies /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd202.pdf.

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Hargreaves, Nigel. "Novel processes for smart grid information exchange and knowledge representation using the IEC common information model." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7671.

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The IEC Common Information Model (CIM) is of central importance in enabling smart grid interoperability. Its continual development aims to meet the needs of the smart grid for semantic understanding and knowledge representation for a widening domain of resources and processes. With smart grid evolution the importance of information and data management has become an increasingly pressing issue not only because far more data is being generated using modern sensing, control and measuring devices but also because information is now becoming recognised as the ‘integral component’ that facilitates the optimal flexibility required of the smart grid. This thesis looks at the impacts of CIM implementation upon the landscape of smart grid issues and presents research from within National Grid contributing to three key areas in support of further CIM deployment. Taking the issue of Enterprise Information Management first, an information management framework is presented for CIM deployment at National Grid. Following this the development and demonstration of a novel secure cloud computing platform to handle such information is described. Power system application (PSA) models of the grid are partial knowledge representations of a shared reality. To develop the completeness of our understanding of this reality it is necessary to combine these representations. The second research contribution reports on a novel methodology for a CIM-based model repository to align PSA representations and provide a knowledge resource for building utility business intelligence of the grid. The third contribution addresses the need for greater integration of information relating to energy storage, an essential aspect of smart energy management. It presents the strategic rationale for integrated energy modeling and a novel extension to the existing CIM standards for modeling grid-scale energy storage. Significantly, this work has already contributed to a larger body of work on modeling Distributed Energy Resources currently under development at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in the USA.

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Veja, Priti. "An investigation of integrated woven electronic textiles (e-textiles) via design led processes." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10528.

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Electronic textiles (e‐textiles) are created by the amalgamation of electronics and textiles, where electronics are integrated into or onto fabric substrates. Woven textiles are specifically considered in this thesis to integrate electronics into textiles' orthogonal architecture. This thesis investigates 'How can the weaving process be manipulated to make woven e-textiles with integrated electronics?' The methodological approach taken is practice based research carried out via a technical materials approach and creative craft methods. An investigation of woven e-textiles through design led practice and woven expertise is presented. Previously, woven e-textiles have been investigated either via technical material approaches, (where the main emphasis remains on function) or via creative craft methods, (which emphasise experimental forms, manipulate integration methods and apply craft based knowledge). Both of these approaches have presented only limited investigation of unobtrusive integrated electronics in woven e-textiles, and woven structures have not been fully utilised to support the integration. The research applies reflective practice through a design process model; this is based on the researcher's previous weaving expertise and designing methods. The work investigates how woven construction may be manipulated to develop novel integrated woven e-textiles. It was found that five woven approaches were particularly of value for electronics integration. These were the use of double cloth, the integration of multiple functions into the textiles as part of the weaving, the use of complex weaving techniques to attach and integrate components, the use of inlay weft weaving and the manipulation of floats (free floating threads). The thesis makes original contributions to knowledge, including identification of key stages in the woven e-textile design process, identification and application of advanced weaving techniques to facilitate integrated woven e-textiles, and compilation of a systematic record of woven e-‐textile techniques as a technical woven repository. Underpinning design principles that influence the developed e-textile outcomes are identified. A range of woven e-textile samples are designed and made. Three specific examples including an actuator ('RGB colour mixer'), a circuit ('corrugated pleat LED v2') and a soft module ('battery holder module v4'), are described in detail to illustrate their development using the e-textile design process model. The knowledge gained has potential to be applied to industrial woven processes for e-textiles.

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Tuffaha, Mutaz. "An evaluation of a new Pricing technique to integrate Wind energy using two Time scales scheduling." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17370.

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The topic of smart grids has become one of the most important research arenas recently. Spurred by the urges to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels for several environmental and economic reasons, researchers have written many treatises on this topic. M. He, S. Murugesan and J. Zhang suggested in their article, "Multiple Timescale Dispatch and Scheduling for Stochastic Reliability in Smart Grids with Wind Generation Integration", a new pricing and scheduling model to exploit the wind (or any other stochastic) energy to the fullest extent. I studied this model, and from my experiments, I found a defect. In this thesis, I try to evaluate this model. Firstly, I present it with detailed proofs of the main results. Secondly, I explain the experiments and simulations I did. Then, I analyze the results to show the defect I discovered. Finally, I suggest a solution for that defect, and I point out the advantages of that model.

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GONZáLEZ, GóMEZ Mauricio. "Jeux stochastiques sur des graphes avec des applications à l’optimisation des smart-grids." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN064.

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Au sein de la communauté scientifique, l’étude des réseaux d’énergie suscite un vif intérêt puisque ces infrastructures deviennent de plus en plus importantes dans notre monde moderne. Des outils mathématiques avancés et complexes sont nécessaires afin de bien concevoir et mettre en œuvre ces réseaux. La précision et l’optimalité sont deux caractéristiques essentielles pour leur conception. Bien que ces deux aspects soient au cœur des méthodes formelles, leur application effective reste largement inexplorée aux réseaux d’énergie. Cela motive fortement le travail développé dans cette thèse. Un accent particulier est placé sur le problème général de planification de la consommation d'énergie. Il s'agit d'un scénario dans lequel les consommateurs ont besoin d’une certaine quantité d’énergie et souhaitent que cette demande soit satisfaite dans une période spécifique (e.g., un Véhicule Électrique (VE) doit être rechargé dans une fenêtre de temps définie par son propriétaire). Par conséquent, chaque consommateur doit choisir une puissance de consommation à chaque instant (par un système informatisé), afin que l'énergie finale accumulée atteigne un niveau souhaité. La manière dont les puissances sont choisies est obtenue par l’application d’une « stratégie » qui prend en compte à chaque instant les informations pertinentes d'un consommateur afin de choisir un niveau de consommation approprié (e.g., l’énergie accumulée pour recharge le VE). Les stratégies peuvent être conçues selon une approche centralisée (dans laquelle il n'y a qu'un seul décideur qui contrôle toutes les stratégies des consommateurs) ou décentralisée (dans laquelle il y a plusieurs contrôleurs, chacun représentant un consommateur). Nous analysons ces deux scénarios dans cette thèse en utilisant des méthodes formelles, la théorie des jeux et l’optimisation. Plus précisément, nous modélisons le problème de planification de la consommation d'énergie à l'aide des processus de décision de Markov et des jeux stochastiques. Par exemple, l’environnement du système électrique, à savoir : la partie non contrôlable de la consommation totale (e.g., la consommation hors VEs), peut être représentée par un modèle stochastique. La partie contrôlable de la consommation totale peut s’adapter aux contraintes du réseau de distribution (e.g., pour ne pas dépasser la température maximale d'arrêt du transformateur électrique) et à leurs objectifs (e.g., tous les VEs soient rechargés). Cela peut être vu comme un système stochastique avec des multi-objectifs sous contraintes. Par conséquent, cette thèse concerne également une contribution aux modèles avec des objectives multicritères, ce qui permet de poursuivre plusieurs objectifs à la fois et une conception des stratégies qui sont fonctionnellement correctes et robustes aux changements de l'environnement
Within the research community, there is a great interest in exploring many applications of energy grids since these become more and more important in our modern world. To properly design and implement these networks, advanced and complex mathematical tools are necessary. Two key features for their design are correctness and optimality. While these last two properties are in the core of formal methods, their effective application to energy networks remains largely unexploited. This constitutes one strong motivation for the work developed in this thesis. A special emphasis is made on the generic problem of scheduling power consumption. This is a scenario in which the consumers have a certain energy demand and want to have this demand fulfilled before a set deadline (e.g., an Electric Vehicle (EV) has to be recharged within a given time window set by the EV owner). Therefore, each consumer has to choose at each time the consumption power (by a computerized system) so that the final accumulated energy reaches a desired level. The way in which the power levels are chosen is according to a ``strategy’’ mapping at any time the relevant information of a consumer (e.g., the current accumulated energy for EV-charging) to a suitable power consumption level. The design of such strategies may be either centralized (in which there is a single decision-maker controlling all strategies of consumers), or decentralized (in which there are several decision-makers, each of them representing a consumer). We analyze both scenarios by exploiting ideas originating from formal methods, game theory and optimization. More specifically, the power consumption scheduling problem can be modelled using Markov decision processes and stochastic games. For instance, probabilities provide a way to model the environment of the electrical system, namely: the noncontrollable part of the total consumption (e.g., the non-EV consumption). The controllable consumption can be adapted to the constraints of the distribution network (e.g., to the maximum shutdown temperature of the electrical transformer), and to their objectives (e.g., all EVs are recharged). At first glance, this can be seen as a stochastic system with multi-constraints objectives. Therefore, the contributions of this thesis also concern the area of multi-criteria objective models, which allows one to pursue several objectives at a time such as having strategy designs functionally correct and robust against changes of the environment

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Abi, Assaf Maroun. "Integration framework for artifact-centric processes in the internet of things." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI059/document.

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La démocratisation des objets communicants fixes ou mobiles pose de nombreux défis concernant leur intégration dans des processus métiers afin de développer des services intelligents. Dans le contexte de l’Internet des objets, les objets connectés sont des entités hétérogènes et dynamiques qui englobent des fonctionnalités et propriétés cyber-physiques et interagissent via différents protocoles de communication. Pour pallier aux défis d’interopérabilité et d’intégration, il est primordial d’avoir une vue unifiée et logique des différents objets connectés afin de définir un ensemble de langages, outils et architectures permettant leur intégration et manipulation à grande échelle. L'artéfact métier a récemment émergé comme un modèle d’objet (métier) autonome qui encapsule ses données, un ensemble de services, et manipulant ses données ainsi qu'un cycle de vie à base d’états. Le cycle de vie désigne le comportement de l’objet et son évolution à travers ses différents états pour atteindre son objectif métier. La modélisation des objets connectés sous forme d’artéfact métier étendu nous permet de construire un paradigme intuitif pour exprimer facilement des processus d’intégration d’objets connectés dirigés par leurs données. Face aux changements contextuels et à la réutilisation des objets connectés dans différentes applications, les processus dirigés par les données, (appelés aussi « artifacts » au sens large) restent relativement invariants vu que leurs structures de données ne changent pas. Or, les processus centrés sur les services requièrent souvent des changements dans leurs flux d'exécution. Cette thèse propose un cadre d'intégration de processus centré sur les artifacts et leur application aux objets connectés. Pour cela, nous avons construit une vue logique unifiée et globale d’artéfact permettant de spécifier, définir et interroger un très grand nombre d'artifacts distribués, ayant des fonctionnalités similaires (maisons intelligentes ou voitures connectées, …). Le cadre d'intégration comprend une méthode de modélisation conceptuelle des processus centrés artifacts, des des algorithmes d'appariement inter-artifacts et une algèbre de définition et de manipulation d’artifacts. Le langage déclaratif, appelé AQL (Artifact Query Language) permet en particulier d’interroger des flux continus d’artifacts. Il s'appuie sur une syntaxe de type SQL pour réduire les efforts d'apprentissage. Nous avons également développé un prototype pour valider nos contributions et mener des expériences dans le contexte de l’Internet des objets
The emergence of fixed or mobile communicating objects poses many challenges regarding their integration into business processes in order to develop smart services. In the context of the Internet of Things, connected devices are heterogeneous and dynamic entities that encompass cyber-physical features and properties and interact through different communication protocols. To overcome the challenges related to interoperability and integration, it is essential to build a unified and logical view of different connected devices in order to define a set of languages, tools and architectures allowing their integrations and manipulations at a large scale. Business artifact has recently emerged as an autonomous (business) object model that encapsulates attribute-value pairs, a set of services manipulating its attribute data, and a state-based lifecycle. The lifecycle represents the behavior of the object and its evolution through its different states in order to achieve its business objective. Modeling connected devices and smart objects as an extended business artifact allows us to build an intuitive paradigm to easily express integration data-driven processes of connected objects. In order to handle contextual changes and reusability of connected devices in different applications, data-driven processes (or artifact processes in the broad sense) remain relatively invariant as their data structures do not change. However, service-centric or activity-based processes often require changes in their execution flows. This thesis proposes a framework for integrating artifact-centric processes and their application to connected devices. To this end, we introduce a logical and unified view of a "global" artifact allowing the specification, definition and interrogation of a very large number of distributed artifacts, with similar functionalities (smart homes or connected cars, ...). The framework includes a conceptual modeling method for artifact-centric processes, inter-artifact mapping algorithms, and artifact definition and manipulation algebra. A declarative language, called AQL (Artifact Query Language) aims in particular to query continuous streams of artifacts. The AQL relies on a syntax similar to the SQL in relational databases in order to reduce its learning curve. We have also developed a prototype to validate our contributions and conducted experimentations in the context of the Internet of Things

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Bergkvist, Erik, and Tommy Sabbagh. "Smart Future Solutions for Maintenance of Aircraft : Enhancing Aircraft Maintenance at Saab AB." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell Produktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176561.

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This master thesis has the purpose to analyse and identify smart efficient future solutions within the Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) process for aircraft. The efficiency solutions, in form of new technologies and tools, should present a foundation that MRO suppliers can continue to develop to enhance and streamline their maintenance processes. The project was performed as a case study at the aerospace and defense company Saab AB in Linköping, where the company's MRO process was investigated. Through identifying possibilities and alternative technologies available today and in the near future, one continues to have a competitive and future-proof position in the market. Through an own constructed course of action influenced from established methods, the thesis' purpose and aim was attained. The method was based on authentic approaches for case studies but also inspired by the so-called "Requirement Engineering". The combination of the methods resulted in a precise focus on the relevant subjects, together with a clear structure of the requirements on the technologies to reach a successful implementation. Through a detailed data collection comprised of study visits, interviews, literature studies, market analyses, and document reviews, multiple relevant technologies and requirement-lists for utilization were identified. To concretize the use and potential improvements with the technologies, the project had the objective to develop a demonstrator with one of the technologies presented. The demonstrator should focus on minimizing the use of paper, which is a common problem among many market actors today. The most promising technology was considered to be a tablet application with an accommodated application. The selection of the tablet solution was based on the motivation that it is a well-established technology and a favorable first step from paperwork. To conclude this master thesis, a tablet application was developed in Novacura Flow Studio, where the majority of the identified requirements were fulfilled. Beyond the demonstrator, an introduction and analysis of technologies, such as AR-glasses, voice guidance, additive manufacturing, and a digital twin, was presented.

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May, Ross. "The reinforcement learning method : A feasible and sustainable control strategy for efficient occupant-centred building operation in smart cities." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30613.

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Over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a trend which is expected to only grow as we move further into the future. With this increasing trend in urbanisation, challenges are presented in the form of the management of urban infrastructure systems. As an essential infrastructure of any city, the energy system presents itself as one of the biggest challenges. As cities expand in population and economically, global energy consumption increases and as a result so do greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To achieve the 2030 Agenda’s sustainable development goal on energy (SDG 7), renewable energy and energy efficiency have been shown as key strategies for attaining SDG 7. As the largest contributor to climate change, the building sector is responsible for more than half of the global final energy consumption and GHG emissions. As people spend most of their time indoors, the demand for energy is made worse as a result of maintaining the comfort level of the indoor environment. However, the emergence of the smart city and the internet of things (IoT) offers the opportunity for the smart management of buildings. Focusing on the latter strategy towards attaining SDG 7, intelligent building control offers significant potential for saving energy while respecting occupant comfort (OC). Most intelligent control strategies, however, rely on complex mathematical models which require a great deal of expertise to construct thereby costing in time and money. Furthermore, if these are inaccurate then energy is wasted and the comfort of occupants is decreased. Moreover, any change in the physical environment such as retrofits result in obsolete models which must be re-identified to match the new state of the environment. This model-based approach seems unsustainable and so a new model-free alternative is proposed. One such alternative is the reinforcement learning (RL) method. This method provides a beautiful solution to accomplishing the tradeoff between energy efficiency and OC within the smart city and more importantly to achieving SDG 7. To address the feasibility of RL as a sustainable control strategy for efficient occupant-centred building operation, a comprehensive review of RL for controlling OC in buildings as well as a case study implementing RL for improving OC via a window system are presented. The outcomes of each seem to suggest RL as a feasible solution, however, more work is required in the form of addressing current open issues such as cooperative multi-agent RL (MARL) needed for multi-occupant/multi-zonal buildings.

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Schulz, Colin Verfasser], Frank T. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Piller, and Sebastian [Akademischer Betreuer] Kortmann. "Transitioning towards smart products : an empirical analysis of capabilities and processes needed in manufacturing firms / Colin Schulz ; Frank Thomas Piller, Sebastian Kortmann." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238523919/34.

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Edrud, Pierre. "Improving BPM with Blockchain Technology : Benefits, costs, criteria & barriers." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för kvalitets- och maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-43304.

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Syftet med denna studie var att förstå kriterier, barriärer, kostnader och fördelar som är förknippade med implementering av blockchain-teknik, och utifrån detta utforska hur blockchain-teknik kan förbättra BPM. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och gjordes sekventiellt genom att först genomföra en omfattande tvärvetenskaplig litteraturöversikt och därefter intervjua personer med erfarenhet från blockchain-teknik. Analysen gjordes med både en induktiv och deduktiv ansats där tematisk analys tillämpades. Resultaten från studien visar att blockchain-teknik kan minska transaktionskostnader, förbättra avstämning och verifiering, förbättra samarbetsprocesser och skapa förtroende och öppenhet samtidigt som de stöder organisationer med styrning av datasäkerhet, korrekthet av data, och minskade IT-kostnader till följd av förbättrad hantering med säkerhetskopiering av data, servrar och lagring. Stort fokus ligger för tillfället på smarta kontrakt där integrering av affärslogiken tillsammans med en förbättrad databasstruktur möjliggör förbättrat samarbete och automatisering av standardiserade affärsprocesser. Resultaten indikerar också brist på blockchain-ingenjörer, vilket påverkar utveckling och tillväxt. Studien belyser ett behov av ytterligare implementeringsstudier och att bättre skilja mellan de olika blockchain-typerna och de problem de kan lösa. Säkerhet, hållbarhet och interoperabilitet nämns ofta som utmaningar i den pågående diskussionen om blockchain. Detta är inte unikt för blockchain-teknik och mer nyanserade förklaringsmodeller krävs. Blockchain-teknik kan vara framtiden, och kan ersätta befintlig infrastruktur, i slutändan måste organisationer överväga vid vilken tidpunkt de bör börja tänka på att sätta blockchain på sin agenda, med de olika avvägningar som detta innebär.
The purpose of this study was to understand criteria, barriers, costs and benefits that are associated with implementing blockchain technology, and from this explore how blockchain technology can improve BPM. The study is of qualitative nature and was done sequentially by conducting an extensive cross-disciplinary literature review first, and then interviewed people with experience from blockchain technology. The analysis was done with both an inductive and deductive approach by doing a thematic analysis. The results from this study show that blockchain technology can reduce transactional costs, improve reconciliation, improve collaborative business processes and bring trust and transparency while supporting organizations with governance of data security, data consistency and reducing associated IT-costs with managing back-up of data, servers and storage. A lot of focus is currently centered around smart contracts, where incorporating the business logic together with an improved database structure allows for improved collaboration and automation of standardized business processes. The results also indicate a shortage of blockchain engineers, consequently impacting development and growth. The study highlights a need for further implementation studies and to better distinguish between the different blockchain types and the problems they can solve. Security, sustainability and interoperability are often mentioned as challenges in the current discourse on blockchain. This is not unique for blockchain and more nuanced explanation models are required. Blockchain technology may be the future and replace existing infrastructure, ultimately organizations have to consider at what point in time they should start thinking about putting it on their agenda and the associated trade-offs that comes with this.

2021-06-06

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Tolman, Jim. "Evaluation of a Multi-User Virtual Reality System for Collaborative Layout Planning Processes." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-238186.

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This paper discusses the application of a tool for experiencing the usage of Virtual Reality (VR) in the factory layout planning process of Scania. The goal is to evaluate the system's collaborative capabilities and to assess the usability. The study combines existing methodologies in a novel way. The method consists of recording 16 participants in performing a collaborative task, and then coding for Collaborative Joint attention (CJA). Furthermore the evaluation makes use of the System Usability Scale (SUS) and Nielsen's Heuristics. The system's score on the SUS appeared to be above average, but participants with higher experience in factory planning gave higher scores. There were numerous problems related to the physical room being smaller than the virtual room, user control was limited and the embodiment of the users (avatars) proved to be distracting. The findings have implications for builders and evaluators of multiparty VR systems, that allow for collaboration. The evaluators need to consider including CJA as one of their dependent variables.
Denna studie beskriver tillämpningen och utvärderingen av ett system för användning av Virtual Reality (VR) i samband med layoutplanering av Scania-fabriker. Målet är att utvärdera samarbetet inom systemet samt att bedöma användarvänligheten. Studien använder befintliga metoder på nya sätt. 16 deltagare filmas när de utför en gemensam uppgift och kodas sedan för Collaborative Joint Attention (CJA). Utvärderingen använder sig även av System Usability Scale (SUS) och Nielsens Heuristics. SUS-poängen var över genomsnittet, men deltagare med tidigare erfarenhet av layoutplanering gav systemet ett högre betyg. Det fanns många problem relaterade till att det fysiska rummet var mindre än det virtuella rummet, begränsad användarkontroll och att gestaltningen av brukarens avatar visade sig vara distraherande. Resultaten har konsekvenser för byggare och utvärderare av VR-fleranvändarsystem för samarbete. En rekommendation till utvärderare är att överväga användning av CJA som en beroende variabel.

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Liebert, Andreas. "Industry 4.0 – the intended impact of Cyber Physical Systems in a Smart Factory on the daily business processes : A Study on BMW (UK) Manufacturing Limited." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54407.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the opportunities that Industry 4.0 brings within the framework of applying Cyber Physical Systems in an environment of a Smart Factory. This paper shall identify the changes within daily business processes and the impact of these changes on the daily business life. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is carried out as a case study research. Due to a qualitative approach for this case study interviews are conducted and the results are analyzed and discussed. Findings: Industry 4.0 will change the way we are working today and influence businesses and business processes in many ways. Data handling, processes and efficiency will change and the way we perceive manufacturing will change in a long term view. Further Research: It would be recommended to expand this research by conducting more research in this particular field as well as impacts on the employee should be studied more in detail.

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Eyring, Andrew Stuart. "Analysis of Closed-Loop Digital Twin." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9242.

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Given recent advancements in technology and recognizing the evolution of smart manufacturing, the implementation of digital twins for factories and processes is becoming more common and more useful. Additionally, expansion in connectivity, growth in data storage, and the implementation of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) allow for greater opportunities not only with digital twins but closed loop analytics. Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has been used to create digital twins and in some instances fitted with live connections to closely monitor factory operations. However, the benefits of a connected digital twin are not easily quantified. Therefore, a test bed demonstration factory was used, which implements smart technologies, to evaluate the effectiveness of a closed-loop digital twin in identifying and reacting to trends in production. This involves a digital twin of a factory process using DES. Although traditional DES is typically modeled using historical data, a DES system was developed which made use of live data with embedded machine learning to improve predictions. This model had live data updated directly to the DES model without user interaction, creating an adaptive and dynamic model. It was found that this DES with machine learning capabilities typically provided more accurate predictions of future performance and unforeseen near future problems when compared to the predictions of a traditional DES using only historic data

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Pilch, Jan. "Studium funkčních vlastností tenkých vláken NiTi pro aplikace v smart strukturách a textiliích." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233961.

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PhD thesis focuses the field of textile application of modern functional materials, namely metallic shape memory alloys with unique thermomechanical properties deriving from martensitic transformation in solid state. Particularly, it deals with the development of a nonconventional thermomechanical treatment of thin NiTi filaments via Joule heating by electric current and related basic research involving thermomechanical testing and modeling of functional properties of the filaments, investigation of martensitic transformations and deformation processes in NiTi and investigation of the fast recovery and recrystallization processes in metals heated by short pulses of controlled electric power. The method was developed and called FTMT-EC. In contrast to conventional heat treatment of metallic filaments in environmental furnaces, this method allows for precise control of the raise of the filament temperature and filament stress during the fast heating (rate ~50 000 °C/s). As a consequence, it is possible to precisely control the progress of the fast recovery and recrystallization processes in heat treated filaments. In this way it is possible to prepare filaments with desired nanostructured microstructure and related functional properties. A prototype equipment for application of the method for heat treatment of continuous SMA filaments during respooling in textile processing was designed and built. Comparing to the conventional heat treatment of SMA filaments in tubular environmental furnaces, this approach is faster, saves energy and allows for preparation of filaments with special functional properties. International patent application was filed on the method. It is currently utilized in the research and development of smart textiles for medical applications.

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Ganho, Andreia Filipa Neves. "A influência da IoT no desenvolvimento de relacionamentos empresariais." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16794.

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Mestrado em Marketing
Existe uma crescente necessidade diária de utilização de tecnologias avançadas de informação e comunicação na atividade de qualquer empresa. A Internet of Things (IoT) está a alterar a forma como as empresas interagem e efetuam os seus negócios. Com aplicação da IoT no âmbito empresarial, o interesse recai sobre a sua influência nos relacionamentos B2B. A presente investigação pretende averiguar a influência da utilização de smart items nesses processos de interação, bem como perceber quais os resultados na confiança das relações empresariais. É adotada uma metodologia qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, com uma estratégia de estudo de caso, envolvendo duas empresas ligadas ao setor da construção e obras públicas. A recolha dos dados foi realizada com recurso a entrevistas em profundidade semiestruturadas junto de colaboradores, com funções no departamento comercial e no departamento de peças da empresa cliente, na qual o fornecedor implementou a solução de IoT. Das conclusões retiradas é possível verificar que a IoT pode assumir um papel preponderante para a sustentabilidade dos relacionamentos empresariais. Com a implementação de uma solução de IoT a relevância dada a cada processo de interação pode variar consoante a cultura organizacional e a posição que cada empresa assume na díade. Por outro lado, a confiança revelou-se um fator importante para a boa aceitação da adaptação realizada pelo cliente. A investigação permitiu ainda compreender que a qualidade e abrangência da informação rapidamente disponível, bem como as ações tomadas pelo parceiro de negócio, influenciaram na credibilidade e segurança do comportamento futuro desse parceiro.
There is a growing need for daily use of advanced information and communication technologies in any business. Internet of Things is changing the way companies interact and do business. With application of IoT in the business sphere, the interest lies in its influence on B2B relationships. This investigation intends to determine the importance of the use of smart items in these processes of interaction, as well as to perceive the results in the trust of the business relations. It adopts a qualitative methodology, exploratory, with a case study strategy, between two companies involved in the construction and public works sector. Data collection was carried out using in-depth semi-structured interviews with employees, with functions in the sales and in the spare parts departments of the client where the IoT solution was implemented. From the conclusions drawn, it is possible to verify that IoT can assume a preponderant role for the sustainability of the business relationships. With the implementation of an IoT solution the relevance given to each interaction process may vary depending on the organizational culture and the position each company takes on the dyad. On the other hand, trust has proved to be an important factor for the good acceptance of the adaptation made by the client. The research also made it possible to understand the quality and comprehensiveness of the rapidly available information, as well as the actions taken by the business partner, influenced the credibility and security of this partner's future behavior.
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Rönnberg, Hanna, and Jenny Areback. "Initiating transformation towards AI in SMEs." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell Ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79343.

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Purpose – The purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. The purpose will be fulfilled through identifying which opportunities that exist for SMEs and which challenges they are facing. Additionally, we will identify which requirements are necessary to face these challenges. Method – A qualitative approach was most suitable for this study since the purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. It was also suitable since we have collected data through interviews. We have done a single case study where we have studied one supply chain. Finally, we have had an inductive research approach which means that we have gathered a theoretical background which has founded the base and the background for our study, but our interviews have founded the result of the study and created a conclusion based on that. Findings –The result of the study provides identified opportunities with AI for SMEs, what challenges can occur, and which requirements that are needed to face the challenges. The opportunities are identified as forecasting, maintenance and repair, self-optimization, and tracing and tracking. The identified challenges when initiating transformation towards AI are cultural difficulties, lack of external communication, lack of internal communication, limited internal processes, and lack of resources. The requirements are identified as automation, data, strategy, and capabilities. The opportunities, challenges and requirements are summarized in a framework. Theoretical and Managerial Implications – We have contributed to literature by exploring how an SME, as a mass production company, can benefit from AI by identifying opportunities, challenges, and requirements. Additionally, the framework guides SMEs to prepare for opportunities with AI and ensure that they have all of the requirements. Further, by understanding which requirements that are necessary for a transformation and which challenges that can occur, managers can reduce risk of failing projects. Limitations and Future Research –The number of studied companies together with that the study is a single case study limits the generalizability. It creates a suggestion for future research where a wider set of data can be collected. Additionally, we have identified challenges that can occur, however how companies should face these challenges in the best way is a suggestion for future research.

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Giustozzi, Franco. "STEaMINg : semantic time evolving models for industry 4.0 Stream reasoning to improve decision-making in cognitive systems Smart condition monitoring for industry 4.0 manufacturing processes: an ontology-based approach." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR13.

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Dans l'industrie 4.0, les machines des usines sont équipées de capteurs qui collectent des données pour une surveillance efficace de l'état des équipements. C’est une tâche difficile car elle nécessite l’intégration et le traitement de données hétérogènes provenant de différentes sources, avec des résolutions temporelles et des significations sous-jacentes différentes. Les ontologies apparaissent comme une méthode pertinente pour traiter l’intégration des données et pour représenter la connaissance de manière interprétable par les machines grâce à la construction de modèles sémantiques. De plus, la surveillance des processus industriels dépend du contexte dynamique de leur exécution. Dans ces circonstances, le modèle sémantique lui-même doit évoluer afin de représenter dans quelle(s) situation(s) se trouve(nt) la ou les ressources pendant l’exécution de ses tâches pour soutenir la prise de décision. Cette thèse étudie l’utilisation des méthodes de représentation des connaissances pour construire un modèle sémantique évolutif qui représente le domaine industriel, en mettant l’accent sur la modélisation du contexte pour fournir la notion de situation
In Industry 4.0, factory assets and machines are equipped with sensors that collect data for effective condition monitoring. This is a difficult task since it requires the integration and processing of heterogeneous data from different sources, with different temporal resolutions and underlying meanings. Ontologies have emerged as a pertinent method to deal with data integration and to represent manufacturing knowledge in a machine-interpretable way through the construction of semantic models. Moreover, the monitoring of industrial processes depends on the dynamic context of their execution. Under these circumstances, the semantic model must evolve in order to represent in which situation(s) a resource is in during the execution of its tasks to support decision making. This thesis studies the use of knowledge representation methods to build an evolving semantic model that represents the industrial domain, with an emphasis on context modeling to provide the notion of situation

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Murauer, Cornelia Sophie [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Rötting, Matthias [Gutachter] Rötting, Frank [Gutachter] Straube, and Markus [Gutachter] Funk. "Full shift usage of smart glasses in order picking processes considering a methodical approach of continuous user involvement / Cornelia Sophie Murauer ; Gutachter: Matthias Rötting, Frank Straube, Markus Funk ; Betreuer: Matthias Rötting." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182423167/34.

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Klasson, Kent, and Nicoline Lind. "Hur kan blockkedjeteknik hantera transaktionskostnader i avtalsprocesser exponerade mot opportunism, jämfört med traditionella avtalslösningar? : En fallstudie om korruption i biståndsprocesser." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157381.

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Syfte: Studiens syfte är att analysera huruvida korruption i biståndsprocesser bättre kan hanteras via de blockkedjebaserade lösningarna kryptovalutor, smarta kontrakt och tokens, jämfört med traditionellt biståndsgivande. Vidare ämnar studien applicera resultaten från fallstudien på generella avtalsprocesser exponerade mot opportunism, för att analysera huruvida de blockkedjebaserade lösningarna bättre kan hantera transaktionskostnader jämfört med traditionella avtalslösningar. Bakgrund: Informationsasymmetrier, begränsad rationalitet och strategiskt beteende resulterar i tillitsproblematik vid avtalsprocesser, vilket ökar transaktionskostnaderna (Williamson, 1974). Biståndsprocesser är extra exponerade mot opportunistiskt beteende i form av korruption, vilket leder till att en stor del av biståndet försvinner på vägen (Transparency International, 2017). Blockkedjebaserad teknik ger möjligheten att ingå avtal utan tillit till motparten, men lösningen är inte optimal för alla typer av avtal. Det motiverar en analys om huruvida tekniken kan hantera transaktionskostnader i biståndsprocesser bättre än traditionellt biståndsgivande. Genomförande: Studiens primärdata inhämtades via semi-strukturerade intervjuer med två svenska biståndsorganisationer och två experter inom blockkedjetekniken. Utöver intervjuerna genomfördes även en litteraturstudie och den insamlade empirin analyserades utifrån ett transaktionskostnadsperspektiv. Slutsats: Blockkedjebaserade lösningar kan hantera transaktionskostnader bättre än traditionellt biståndsgivande när Greenspans (2015) fem kriterium är uppfyllda. Kontexten, avtalets karaktär och avtalsparternas preferenser är de avgörande faktorerna huruvida kriterierna uppfylls i såväl biståndsgivande som generella avtalsprocesser. En ökad transparens, öppenhet och censurresistens måste värderas högre vid implementering än de medföljande säkerhetsriskerna.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze whether corruption in aid processes better can be managed through the blockchain-based solutions cryptocurrencies, smart contracts and tokens, in comparison to traditional donation of aid. The study also aims to apply the results from the case study to general contractual processes exposed to opportunistic behavior, to analyze whether the blockchain-based solutions better can manage the transaction costs in comparison to traditional contractual solutions. Background: Asymmetric information, bounded rationality and strategic behavior result in trust issues in contractual processes, which increases transaction costs (Williamson, 1974). Aid processes are particularly exposed to opportunistic behavior in form of corruption, which leads to aid disappearing on the way (Transparency International, 2017). Blockchain-based technology enables contractual relationships without trusting the counterpart, but is not an optimal solution for all types of contracts. This provides incentives for a further analysis whether the technology can manage transaction costs in aid processes better than traditional donation of aid. Completion: The study´s primary data was obtained through semi-structed interviews with two Swedish aid organizations and two experts in blockchain technology. A literature review was made and the empirical data was analyzed from a transaction cost perspective. Conclusion: Blockchain-based solutions can manage transaction costs better than the traditional donation of aid when Greenspan´s (2015) five criteria is met. The context, the characteristics of the contract and the preferences of the contracting parties are the decisive factors whether the criteria are met in the aid donation process and in general contractual processes. Increased transparency, openness and censor resistance must be valued higher when implementing the technology than the following security risks.

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Cao, Qiushi. "Semantic technologies for the modeling of predictive maintenance for a SME network in the framework of industry 4.0 Smart condition monitoring for industry 4.0 manufacturing processes: an ontology-based approach Using rule quality measures for rule base refinement in knowledge-based predictive maintenance systems Combining chronicle mining and semantics for predictive maintenance in manufacturing processes." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR04.

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Dans le domaine de la fabrication, la détection d’anomalies telles que les défauts et les défaillances mécaniques permet de lancer des tâches de maintenance prédictive, qui visent à prévoir les défauts, les erreurs et les défaillances futurs et à permettre des actions de maintenance. Avec la tendance de l’industrie 4.0, les tâches de maintenance prédictive bénéficient de technologies avancées telles que les systèmes cyberphysiques (CPS), l’Internet des objets (IoT) et l’informatique dématérialisée (cloud computing). Ces technologies avancées permettent la collecte et le traitement de données de capteurs qui contiennent des mesures de signaux physiques de machines, tels que la température, la tension et les vibrations. Cependant, en raison de la nature hétérogène des données industrielles, les connaissances extraites des données industrielles sont parfois présentées dans une structure complexe. Des méthodes formelles de représentation des connaissances sont donc nécessaires pour faciliter la compréhension et l’exploitation des connaissances. En outre, comme les CPSs sont de plus en plus axées sur la connaissance, une représentation uniforme de la connaissance des ressources physiques et des capacités de raisonnement pour les tâches analytiques est nécessaire pour automatiser les processus de prise de décision dans les CPSs. Ces problèmes constituent des obstacles pour les opérateurs de machines qui doivent effectuer des opérations de maintenance appropriées. Pour relever les déﬁs susmentionnés, nous proposons dans cette thèse une nouvelle approche sémantique pour faciliter les tâches de maintenance prédictive dans les processus de fabrication. En particulier, nous proposons quatre contributions principales: i) un cadre ontologique à trois niveaux qui est l’élément central d’un système de maintenance prédictive basé sur la connaissance; ii) une nouvelle approche sémantique hybride pour automatiser les tâches de prédiction des pannes de machines, qui est basée sur l’utilisation combinée de chroniques (un type plus descriptif de modèles séquentiels) et de technologies sémantiques; iii) a new approach that uses clustering methods with Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules to assess failures according to their criticality levels; iv) une nouvelle approche d’afﬁnement de la base de règles qui utilise des mesures de qualité des règles comme références pour afﬁner une base de règles dans un système de maintenance prédictive basé sur la connaissance. Ces approches ont été validées sur des ensembles de données réelles et synthétiques
In the manufacturing domain, the detection of anomalies such as mechanical faults and failures enables the launching of predictive maintenance tasks, which aim to predict future faults, errors, and failures and also enable maintenance actions. With the trend of Industry 4.0, predictive maintenance tasks are beneﬁting from advanced technologies such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Cloud Computing. These advanced technologies enable the collection and processing of sensor data that contain measurements of physical signals of machinery, such as temperature, voltage, and vibration. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of industrial data, sometimes the knowledge extracted from industrial data is presented in a complex structure. Therefore formal knowledge representation methods are required to facilitate the understanding and exploitation of the knowledge. Furthermore, as the CPSs are becoming more and more knowledge-intensive, uniform knowledge representation of physical resources and reasoning capabilities for analytic tasks are needed to automate the decision-making processes in CPSs. These issues bring obstacles to machine operators to perform appropriate maintenance actions. To address the aforementioned challenges, in this thesis, we propose a novel semantic approach to facilitate predictive maintenance tasks in manufacturing processes. In particular, we propose four main contributions: i) a three-layered ontological framework that is the core component of a knowledge-based predictive maintenance system; ii) a novel hybrid semantic approach to automate machinery failure prediction tasks, which is based on the combined use of chronicles (a more descriptive type of sequential patterns) and semantic technologies; iii) a new approach that uses clustering methods with Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rules to assess failures according to their criticality levels; iv) a novel rule base reﬁnement approach that uses rule quality measures as references to reﬁne a rule base within a knowledge-based predictive maintenance system. These approaches have been validated on both real-world and synthetic data sets

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Bondurant, Philip D., and Andrew Driesman. "Smart PCM Encoder." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611601.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada
In this paper, a new concept in PCM telemetry encoding equipment is described. Existing "programmable" PCM encoders allow only simple changes in the functionality of the hardware, such as input gain, offset, and word formatting. More importantly, these encoders do not provide capability for "in-flight" processing of signals and in general have not taken advantage of existing hardware and software digital signal processing technology. In-flight processing of signals can provide a significant reduction in the required transmission bandwidth, allowing additional data that may not have otherwise been transmitted to be sent on the telemetry channel. A modular digital signal processor (DSP) based PCM encoder architecture is described that has a set of on-board processing algorithms configurable via a simple-to-use graphical user interface. Algorithms included are compression (lossy and lossless), Fourier transforms of various resolutions (typically followed by peak detection to provide a data rate reduction), extreme values (max, min, rms), time filtering, regression, trajectory prediction, and serial data stream processing. Custom algorithms can be developed and included as part of the suite of processing algorithms. The preprocessing algorithms exist as firmware on the DSPs and can accommodate as many different signals as the processing bandwidth of the DSP can handle. Typically one DSP can handle many input signals and different algorithms. The encoder is programmable via a standard RS-232 serial interface allowing the signal input configuration, telemetry frame layout, and on-board processing algorithms to be changed quickly.

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25

Labidi, Wael. "Smart grid-aware radio engineering in 5G mobile networks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL006/document.

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La demande en énergie dans les réseaux de téléphonie mobile augmente en raison de l’émergence de nouvelles technologies et de nouveaux services aux exigences de plus en plus élevées (débits de données, délais, etc.). Dans ce contexte, l'opérateur de réseau mobile (ORM) doit fournir d'avantage de ressources radio et de capacité de traitement dans son réseau, entraînant ainsi des coûts financiers plus élevés. L’ORM n’a pas d’autre choix que de mettre en œuvre des stratégies d’économie d’énergie sur plusieurs niveaux de son infrastructure, notamment au niveau du réseau d’accès radio (RAN).En parallèle, le réseau électrique devient plus intelligent, avec de nouvelles fonctionnalités pour équilibrer l'offre et la demande en faisant varier les prix de l'électricité, permettant ainsi à certains agrégateurs d'énergie de faire partie du processus d'approvisionnement et en signant des accords de réponse à la demande avec ses clients les plus important. Dans le contexte d'un réseau électrique intelligent et fiable, l'ORM, qui compte des milliers de evolved NodeB (eNB) répartis sur tout le pays, doit jouer un rôle majeur dans le réseau en agissant en tant que consommateur potentiel capable de vendre de l'électricité. Toutefois, dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne, le réseau peut ne pas être fiable, voire même inexistant, l'ORM n'a d'autre choix que de déployer une centrale électrique virtuelle (VPP) qui l'alimente partiellement ou totalement.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les interactions entre l’opérateur de réseau et le réseau électrique, qu’il soit fiable ou non, dans les pays développés comme dans les pays en cours de développement. Nous étudions la gestion optimale de l'énergie à long et à court terme, dans le but de minimiser le coût total de possession (TCO) en énergie de l'opérateur par station de base, qui correspond à la somme de ses dépenses d'investissement (CAPEX) et de ses dépenses opérationnelles (OPEX), en assurant la satisfaction des besoins croissants en trafic de ses utilisateurs dans la cellule.L'étude à long terme nous permet de prendre des décisions d'investissement semestrielles pour le dimensionnement de la batterie et des sources énergies renouvelables, en tenant compte de la dégradation des performances des équipements, des prévisions de la croissance du trafic des utilisateurs et de l'évolution du marché de l'électricité sur une longue période de temps comptée en années.Dans le cas où elle est alimentée par un réseau intelligent fiable, la politique à court terme aide l’opérateur à définir quotidiennement une stratégie de gestion optimale de la batterie assurant l'arbitrage ou à le trading d’électricité tout en exploitant les fluctuations horaires des prix de l’électricité afin de minimiser la facture énergétique journalière de l'ORM tout en respectant certaines règles d'utilisation de ces équipements.Dans le cas d'un réseau électrique non fiable ou complètement inexistant, l'opérateur est alimenté par des sources hybrides couplant stockage (batteries), générateurs diesel, énergie solaire et le réseau électrique si ce dernier est opérationnel. Ici, nous définissons un ordre de priorité fixe sur l’utilisation de ces sources qui vise à étendre la durée de vie de la batterie et maintenir ses performances
The energy demand in mobile networks is increasing due to the emergence of new technologies and new services with higher requirements (data rates, delays, etc). In this context, the Mobile Network Operator (MNO) has to provide more radio and processing resources in its network leading for higher financial costs. The MNO has no choice but to implement energy saving strategies in all the parts of its infrastructure and especially at the Radio Access Network (RAN).At the same time, the electrical grid is getting smarter including new functionalities to balance supply and demand by varying the electricity prices, allowing some aggregators to be part of the supply process and signing demand response agreements with its clients. In the context of reliable smart grid, the MNO having thousands of evolved NodeB (eNB) spread over all the country, has to play major role in the grid by acting as a prosumer able to sell electricity. In African Sub-Saharan countries however, the grid may be not reliable or even non existent, the MNO has no choice but to deploy a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) and rely partially or totally on it.In this thesis, we study the interactions between the network operator and the grid either reliable or not in both developed and developing countries. We investigate both long term and short term optimal energy related management, with the aim of minimising the operator's Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for energy per base station which is the sum of its Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) while satisfying the growing needs of its user traffic in the cell.The long term study enables us to make semestral based investment decisions for the battery and renewable energy sources dimensioning considering equipment performance degradation, predictions on users traffic growth and electricity market evolution over a long period of time counted in years.In the case of being powered by a reliable smart grid, the short term policy helps the operator to set on a daily basis, an optimal battery management strategy by performing electricity arbitrage or trading that takes advantage of the electricity prices hourly fluctuations in order to minimize the MNO daily energy bill while respecting some rules on the usage of its equipments.In the case of a non reliable or off-grid environment, the operator is powered by hybrid sources coupling storage, diesel generators, solar power and the grid if the latter is operational. Here, we define a fixed order of priority on the use of these sources that extends the battery lifetime and maintain its performance

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26

Goblirsch, William. "Smart enough to be stupid." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6114.

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This thesis essay explores the journey that I have taken as an actor, highlighting the moments that have influenced my process. I will elaborate on specific experiences in the years leading to my matriculation at the University of Iowa, focusing on broader concepts and lessons that have impacted my beliefs. Through the use of storytelling, I will convey moments and lessons that have resonated with me throughout my time as an academic and professional actor. Furthermore, this essay will provide a broad scope of my beliefs as an artist and actor, while allowing room for the possibility of adaptation and expansion in the future. Finally, I will articulate my specific process as it stands now. Everything that I do from the day that I am cast to the end of performances will be outlined, and what I intend to work on as I move forward in my acting career.

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27

Semaan, Nasr Elie. "Security of smart city network infrastructures : design and implementation : application to “Sunrise – Smart City” Demonstrator." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10103/document.

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Le but de cette thèse est de concevoir et mettre en œuvre une stratégie de renseignement sur les menaces cyber afin de soutenir les décisions stratégiques. L'alerte précoce et la détection des violations sont décisives, ce qui signifie que l'accent de la cyber sécurité a évolué vers l'intelligence des menaces. Pour cette raison, nous avons créé, analysé, mis en œuvre et testé deux solutions. La première solution agit comme un mécanisme prédictif et proactif. C'est un nouveau cadre utilisé pour analyser et évaluer quantitativement les vulnérabilités associées à un réseau de villes intelligentes. Cette solution utilise le modèle de chaîne de Markov pour déterminer le niveau de gravité de vulnérabilité le plus élevé d'un chemin d'attaque potentiel du réseau. Le niveau de gravité élevé amènera l'administrateur système à appliquer des mesures de sécurité appropriées à priori aux attaques. La deuxième solution agit comme un mécanisme défensif ou auto-protecteur. Ce cadre atténue les attaques par disponibilité zero-day basées sur Identification, Heuristics et Load Balancer dans un délai raisonnable. Ce mécanisme défensif a été proposé principalement pour atténuer les attaques par déni de service distribué (DDoS) car elles sont considérées comme l'une des attaques de disponibilité les plus sévères qui pourraient paralyser le réseau de la ville intelligente et provoquer une panne complète. Cette solution repose sur deux équilibreurs de charge dans lesquels le premier utilise une approche heuristique et le second agit comme une sauvegarde pour produire une solution dans un délai raisonnable
The purpose of this thesis is to design and implement a cyber-threat intelligence strategy to support strategic decisions. Early warning and detection of breaches are decisive to being in a state of readiness, meaning that the emphasis of cybersecurity has changed to threat intelligence. For that reason, we created, analyzed, implemented, and tested two solutions. The first solution acts as a predictive and proactive mechanism. It is a novel framework used to analyze and evaluate quantitatively the vulnerabilities associated with a smart city network. This solution uses the Markov Chain Model to determine the highest vulnerability severity level of a potential attack path in the attacks graph of the network. High severity level of a potential attack path will lead the system administrator to apply appropriate security measures a priori to attacks occurrence. The second solution acts as a defensive or self-protective mechanism. This framework mitigates the zero-day availability attacks based on Identification, Heuristics and Load Balancer in a reasonable time frame. This defensive mechanism has been proposed mainly to mitigate Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks since they are considered one of the most severe availability attacks that could paralyze the smart city’s network and cause complete black out. This solution relies on two load balancers in which the first one uses a heuristic approach, and the second acts as a backup to produce a solution in a reasonable time frame

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28

Siddiqi, Saad Ahmed. "Smart Card Packaging Process Control System." Thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100020.

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The project focuses on the packaging process of the smart card manufacturing industry. The idea of the project concerns how to increase production packaging efficiency by introducing a control system. After taking an in-depth look at the current production environment, the following system goals were defined: packaging time reduction, cost reduction, decrease in human errors, and reducing the number of customer complaints. To achieve these goals, the thesis project was divided into the following tasks: discovering a feasible solution, actual system development, testing, and evaluation. The proposed system is based on hardware (i.e. barcode scanner, and barcode printer) integrated with customized control software. The barcode scanner acts as a bridge between the system and the production process by scanning a barcode printed on each product. The system prints the required information label for the product’s package according to the scanned product. This label is pasted on the product’s box and is used as a tracking tool during further production steps. The system is very flexible and suits any packaging model. Other functional properties maintained in the system include data security, product traceability, and real time production monitoring. Testing of the system was done in an actual production environment at an Oberthur Technologies manufacturing site. Two production lines were selected to test the system’s functionality, specifically the SIM card production packaging line and the Scratch card/ Bank Card production packaging line. The results obtained during the evaluation phase of the proposed system show that the proposed solution decreased the packaging processing time by (27.3%) over the previous values. Moreover, the resulting human error rate is close to (zero%).
Projektet fokuserar på förpackningen processen smartkortet tillverkningsindustrin. Tanken med projektet handlar om hur att öka effektiviteten produktionen förpackningar genom att införa ett styrsystem. Efter att ha tagit en fördjupad titt på den nuvarande produktionsmiljö, var följande systemkrav mål definieras: nedsättning förpackning tid, minskade kostnader, minskad mänskliga fel och minska antalet kundklagomål. För att uppnå dessa mål var examensarbetet indelad i följande uppgifter: att upptäcka en genomförbar lösning, faktisk systemutveckling, testning och utvärdering. Det föreslagna systemet bygger på hårdvara (dvs streckkodsläsare och streckkod skrivare) integreras med skräddarsydd styrprogram. Den streckkodsläsare fungerar som en bro mellan systemet och produktionsprocessen genom att läsa en streckkod tryckt på varje produkt. Systemet skriver den erforderliga informationen etiketten för produktens förpackning enligt den scannade produkten. Denna etikett klistras in på produktens ask och används som ett verktyg för spårning under ytterligare produktionssteg. Systemet är mycket flexibelt och passar varje förpackning modell. Andra funktionella egenskaper bibehålls i systemet inkluderar datasäkerhet, spårbarhet och i realtid övervakning av produktionen. Testning av systemet gjordes i en verklig produktionsmiljö i ett Oberthur Technologies tillverkningsanläggning. Två produktionslinjer valdes för att testa systemets funktionalitet, särskilt i SIM-kortet produktionen förpackning linje och skrapkort / Bank kortproduktion förpackningslinje. De resultat som erhållits under utvärderingsfasen av det föreslagna systemet visar att den föreslagna lösningen minskade tiden förpackningen behandling av (27,3 %) jämfört med föregående värden. Dessutom är den resulterande mänskliga fel som ligger nära (noll %).

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29

Cooke, Alan. "The Killer App – Combining Embedded Processors, FPGAs and Smart Software." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624252.

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In this paper, the benefits and advantages of combining advanced embedded processing capabilities with an FPGA based approach within a Data Acquisition Unit (DAU) are discussed. The paper begins with a discussion of some of the services and functionality that such a system enables. Basic features such as system discovery, verification, configuration and upgrade are discussed in addition to other value added services such as continuous built in test (CBIT) and embedded real-time parameter quick-look. Finally, the paper discusses some advanced services that could be deployed to these systems such as emerging communication protocols, multimedia connectivity and discovery, and advanced Machine Learning based systems diagnostics.

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30

Spyropoulos, Georgios [Verfasser], and Christoph [Gutachter] Brabec. "Smart Device Fabrication Strategies for Solution Processed Solar Cells / Georgios Spyropoulos ; Gutachter: Christoph Brabec." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1124233962/34.

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31

Bugani, Benedetta. "Smart service suite: smart training automatizzazione dei processi di training mediante la digitalizzazione caso IMA S.p.a." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Il progetto di tesi è incentrato sulla strutturazione di un servizio di Training per il gruppo IMA da offrire al cliente. L'offerta è caratterizzata da un percorso formativo per matricola macchina, ma la grande sfida del progetto è rappresentata dalla redazione semiautomatica dei contenuti. L'obbiettivo principale è il riuso di paragrafi, moduli, avvertenze o tabelle già redatte o provenienti da altre piattaforme aziendali. Il tutto è volto a rendere il Training un progetto corporate per tutte le divisioni di IMA, uniformando un servizio vendibile al cliente.

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32

Cashman, Neil. "SMART : an innovative multimedia computer architecture for processing ATM cells in real-time." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313965.

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33

LAMPUGNANI, DAVIDE. "SMART CITIES E PROCESSI DI TRADUZIONE SOCIO-TECNICA. IL CASO DI TORINO SMART CITY." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6764.

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La tesi ha come oggetto lo studio del rapporto tra tecnologia e società all’interno del fenomeno delle smart cities. In particolare, facendo riferimento all’approccio dei Science and Technology Studies, il lavoro di ricerca si propone di indagare i processi di traduzione socio-tecnica dell’idea di “smart city” riferendosi empiricamente al campo italiano ed al caso della città di Torino. A livello concettuale e metodologico, si sottolinea la necessità di far dialogare ed integrare lo studio dettagliato dei processi socio-tecnici con il più ampio contesto storico entro cui questi si trovano inseriti. A livello storico, invece, la tesi traccia una traiettoria che, partendo dalla città reticolare moderna della metà dell’800 e risalendo fino ai movimenti delle intelligent cities e della smart growth degli anni ’90, arriva fino al rilancio globale della smart city nel biennio 2008-2009. Infine, a livello attuale, il lavoro pone in evidenza il rapporto ambivalente tra le narrazioni e le forme di traduzione socio-tecnica veicolate dagli attori imprenditoriali ed istituzionali internazionali e le narrazioni e le forme di traduzione sviluppate dalle città. Attraverso l’analisi del caso di Torino Smart City la tesi mostra le potenzialità insite nell’idea di “smart city” ed i rischi connessi alla riproduzione di forme di tecno-determinismo e tecno-utopismo.
The object of the thesis is the study of the relationship between technology and society within the phenomenon of smart cities. In particular, referring to the Science and Technology Studies approach, the research aims at investigating the processes of socio-technical translation of the “smart city” idea by empirically addressing the Italian field and the case study of the city of Turin. At conceptual and methodological level, we show the necessity of a dialogue and an integration between the thick description of socio-technical processes and the wider context within which these are embedded. At historical level, the thesis traces a trajectory that, starting from the modern networked city of mid ‘800 and continuing up to intelligent cities and smart growth movements of the 90s, reaches the global raising of the smart city in 2008-2009. Finally, at present, the work underlines the ambivalent relationship between narrations and forms of socio-technical translation pushed by entrepreneurial and international institutional actors and narrations and forms of translation developed by cities. By analyzing the case of Torino Smart City the thesis shows both the inherent potentialities of the “smart city” idea and the risks connected with the reproduction of forms of techno-determinism and techno-utopianism.

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34

Nwankwo, Cosmas Chidozie. "Smart offshore structure for reliability prediction process." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9335.

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A review of the developments within the field of structural reliability theory shows that some gaps still exist in the reliability prediction process and hence there is an urgent desire for improvements such that the estimated structural reliability will be capable of expressing a physical property of the given structure. The current reliability prediction process involves the continuous estimation and use of reliability index as a way of estimating the safety of any given structure. The reliability index β depends on the Probability Density Function (PDF) distribution for the wave force and the corresponding PDF of resistance from respective structural members of the given structure. The PDF for the applied wave force will depend on the PDF of water depth, wave angular velocity and wave direction hence the reliability index as currently practiced is a statistical way of managing uncertainties based on a general probabilistic model. This research on Smart Offshore Structure for Reliability Prediction has proposed the design of a measurement based reliability prediction process as a way of closing the gap on structural reliability prediction process. Structural deflection and damping are some of the measurable properties of an offshore structure and this study aims at suggesting the use of these measurable properties for improvements in structural reliability prediction process. A design case study has shown that a typical offshore structure can deflect to a range of only a few fractions of a millimetre. This implies that if we have a way of monitoring this level of deflection, we could use the results from such measurement for the detection of a structural member failure. This advocated concept is based on the hypothesis that if the original dynamic characteristics of a structure is known, that measurement based modified dynamic properties can be used to determine the onset of failure or failure propagation of the given structure. This technology could reveal the location and magnitude of internal cracks or corrosion effects on any given structure which currently is outside the current probability based approach. A simple economic analysis shows that the recommended process shows a positive net present value and that some $74mln is the Value of Information for any life extension technology that could reveal the possibility of extending the life of a given 10,000bopd production platform from 2025 to 2028.

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35

Ariyatum, Busayawan. "New conceptual model for design development of smart clothing." Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/1347.

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Smart Clothing, the convergent future of the electronics and clothing industries, struggles to reach its true potential and enter the mass market because of 1) imbalanced contributions from the electronics and clothing sectors, 2) the lack of an integrated approach to optimise the input from the different areas, and 3) the unclear direction of the products. There is a need for an NPD process that balances all contributions and addresses new values based on user requirements. Moreover, a strategic approach, that challenges the development teams to go beyond their existing creative boundary and reconciles their differences, is required. According to the research, Smart Clothes should take the design approach of functional clothing and focus on the area of sportswear, personal healthcare and physical monitoring, as they fit the users’ lifestyle and requirements. Since social acceptance is an important factor, Smart Clothes must also have a good design and whilst, at the same time, perform all the basic functions that ordinary garments do. They should allow the user to personalise the styles and functions according to the benefits, with respect to product lifecycle and disassembly. A conceptual model of the NPD process was developed and tested with experts in this field. The proposed model provides the basis for a computer software to plan and manage product development teams and activities at the front-end of the NPD process. It offers several advantages: 1. Combining the NPD models and those of collaborative development 2. Providing a holistic view of Smart Clothing development 3. Clarifying of the roles of all participants within the collaborative development teams 4. Describing the responsibilities and expected contributions of all participants 5. Explaining working relationships and overlapping roles and responsibilities 6. Offering the directions for the creative boundary extension

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36

Gabrielsson, Dukstenieks Vendela, and Maya Strinnhed. "Paving the Path to Purchase : a study on the integration of a branded retail application in physical stores." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388916.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the integration of a branded retail application in physical stores. Doing so, this study was conducted with a qualitative and abductive approach in the form of a case study focusing on H&M. The empirical material was collected through think-aloud observations and semi-structured interviews with 22 participants in total. The theoretical framework consisted of 6 aspects related to smart customer experience, including convenience and time convenience, personalisation, interactivity, control, usefulness, and involvement. Furthermore, the concept of the purchase decision process was also included in the theoretical framework. Five themes regarding the usage of the branded retail application in physical stores was found, including prior store visit usage and in-store usage, in-store information, selective information, visualisation of items in-store, and in-store communication. From this, it was concluded that using the app in-store provide several benefits depending on how the app is used. This leads to the conclusion that the app influences in different phases of the purchase decision process.

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37

Colldahl, Caroline, Sonya Frey, and Joseph E. Kelemen. "Smart Cities : Strategic Sustainable Development for an Urban World." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4802.

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Global urbanisation trends and pressing issues around sustainability pose great challenges for cities. The smart city concept has been developed as a strategy for working with cities as they become systematically more complex through interconnected frameworks, and increasingly rely on the use of Information and Communication Technology to meet the needs of their citizens. This thesis explores the concept of smart cities as a potential urban construct that can address the social and ecological sustainability challenges which society faces. Smart cities are defined as cities where investments in human and social capital, and traditional and modern communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natural resources, through participatory governance. Through structured interviews with smart city practitioners and sustainability experts, the strengths and limitations of the smart city concept are identified and organised through the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD). Then, a Strategic Sustainable Development (SSD) approach is applied as a method to maximise the benefits of the concept, and to mitigate any identified limitations. This thesis recommends a planning guide, informed by an SSD approach, to help smart cities move strategically towards their smart city vision and also move society towards sustainability.
Den praktiska tillämpningen av detta projekt riktar sig till stadsplanerare som idag använder sig av the smart city concept men också till stadsplanerare som vill börja arbeta aktivt med att göra sina städer mer hållbara genom att minska resursanvändningen och optimera stadsaktiviteter. Det blir alltmer uppenbart att stora förändringar måste ske i världen idag för att förbättra utsikterna för vår framtid och framtiden för kommande generationer. Ett effektivt sätt att angripa en stor bidragande orsak till både miljöproblem och sociala problem är att rikta fokus mot utvecklingen av städer och försöka bedriva utvecklingen på ett mer långsiktigt hållbart sätt.Detta projekt analyserar the smart city concept, förstärker dess hållbara påverkan genom rekommendationer och tillhandahåller stadsplanerare med en strategisk beslutsprocess för hållbara smarta städer som guidar planerare igenom processen och stödjer dem i deras beslut i syfte att optimera den hållbara utvecklingen av städer.

Sonya Frey: +45 53 35 80 51

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38

Linder, Kelli Marie. "A Comparative Analysis of Two Prototype Smart Training Cups: An Iterative Process." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1461948535.

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39

Roudel, Nicolas. "SEEPROC : un modèle de processeur à chemin de données reconfigurable pour le traitement d'images embarqué." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864180.

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Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit proposent une architecture de processeur à chemin de données reconfigurable (PCDR) dédiée aux traitements d'images bas niveau. Afin de répondre aux exigences de ce domaine de traitements, le processeur, baptisé SeeProc et basé sur une architecture RISC, intègre dans son chemin de données des unités de calcul spécifiquement dédiées au traitement de données pixeliques sous forme matricielle. Ces unités peuvent être configurées en nombre et en fonctionnalité en fonction de l'application visée. La topologie d'interconnexion du chemin de données est assurée dynamiquement via un dispositif de type crossbar. De plus, pour rendre la programmation de SeeProc accessible à des utilisateurs n'ayant pas de notions d'électronique numérique, un langage assembleur dédié et une méthodologie d'optimisation ont été développés.

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40

Bashir, Tariq. "Conjugated Polymer-based Conductive Fibers for Smart Textile Applications." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3649.

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Electrically conductive or electro-active fibers are the key components of smart and interactive textiles, which could be used in medical, sports, energy, and military applications in the near future. The functionalization of high-performance textile yarns/fibers with conjugated polymers can produce conductive fibers with better electro-mechanical properties, which is difficult with commonly used spinning techniques. In this thesis work, textile-based conductive yarns/fibers were prepared by coating viscose and polyester (PET) yarns with the conjugated polymer PEDOT. For coating purposes, an efficient technique called chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used, which is a solventless technique and can produce PEDOT polymer layers with high conductivity values. The polymerization of EDOT monomer vapors and coating of oxidant (FeCl3 or FepTS) enriched viscose and PET yarns took place simultaneously. The PEDOT-coated viscose and polyester yarns showed relatively high conductivity values, which could be sufficient for many electronic applications. The polymerization process and the quality of PEDOT polymer strongly depends on different reaction conditions. In this research work, the impact of most of these reaction parameters on the electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of PEDOT-coated conductive yarns was considered separately. Under specific reaction conditions, it was found that viscose fibers were successfully coated with PEDOT polymer and showed rather high electrical conductivity (≥ 15 S/cm). However, due to the acid hydrolysis of viscose fibers in FeCl3 solutions, the mechanical properties were drastically reduced. In order to improve the mechanical properties of conductive yarns, a relatively stable and chemical-resistant substrate (PET) was coated with PEDOT polymer. Comparative studies between PEDOT-coated viscose and PET conductive yarns showed that the electrical and mechanical properties were enhanced by changing the substrate material. Later on, PEDOT-coated conductive fibers were treated with silicone elastomer solution and due to the thin silicone layers, the hydrophobic properties, flexibility, and durability of coated yarns was improved. Furthermore, a novel electrical resistance-measuring setup was developed, which can be used not only for fibers but also for fabric structures. The electrical characterization of PEDOT-coated conductive yarns showed that it can be used effectively for sensitive fibers without damaging their surface morphology. Finally, the use of conductive yarns as stretch sensors was evaluated. For this purpose, small rectangular knitted patches of conductive yarns were prepared and then the change in electrical resistance values at different extension percentages (5–50%) was investigated. The constant variations in electrical resistance values at different extension and relaxation cycles for longer periods of time revealed that the conductive yarns produced have the potential to be used as stretch sensors for monitoring of vital signs in medical and sports applications.

Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy to be presented on March 08, 2013, 10.00 in KA-salen, Kemigården 4, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg

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Kolková, Zuzana. "Řízení městských organizací." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124701.

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This thesis is focused on mapping control processes in a state-funded institution. In the theoretical part, concepts related to the issues of cities and state-funded institution are explained. Smart Administration strategy is discussed as well as principles of processes, process management and modeling necessary for understanding the practical part of this thesis. The practical part contains research on the state of process management in cities with 5000 to 20000 citizens in relation to state-funded institution. It was discovered that surveyed cities are not very interested in the topic and lack process management completely in most cases, despite the possibility of EU subsidies for these projects. Based on the survey, a process map was created from which certain processes were selected, described and modeled. This blue-print should help employees of municipalities to orientate in performed processes and make them more efficient. ATTIS software, developed by ATTN Consulting, s.r.o., was used for modeling processes in this thesis

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42

Aubourg, Gautier. "La démarche Smart City comme nouveau cadre d'intégration des méthodes issues du génie industriel dans les chaînes logistiques de la fonction publique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19623/1/AUBOURG_Gautier.pdf.

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Le secteur public est un domaine en perpétuelle mutation, de par la pression économique actuelle mais aussi du fait des progrès technologiques constants. C'est en particulier le cas des collectivités territoriales, dans lesquelles les agents du secteur public sont soumis à de fortes pressions, notamment par la nécessité d'assurer un service de qualité aux usagers tout en minimisant les coûts engagés, mais également du fait de devoir développer de nouvelles compétences pour répondre à des exigences en évolution. Les projets actuels, impliquant de multiples technologies et le besoin de travailler en synergie avec les acteurs territoriaux, sont devenus primordiaux pour la gestion des chaînes logistiques du secteur public. Le domaine du génie industriel a développé diverses méthodes pouvant répondre à ces nouveaux besoins. Ces méthodes englobent différentes théories et pratiques allant du progrès permanent à la gestion de la chaîne logistique jusqu’à la gestion de la relation client. Ces pratiques visent avant tout à améliorer la coordination et l'intégration de toutes les activités nécessaires à l'élaboration d’un produit ou un service. L’apparition de nouvelles démarches, telles que la Smart City, légitime la mise en pratique de méthodes industrielles pour la gestion de services répondant à l’intérêt général d’un territoire. Dès lors, l'objectif de ce travail a été de transposer aux collectivités territoriales des méthodes issues du génie industriel, en s’appuyant sur la démarche de la Smart City, afin de permettre une synergie entre les partenaires, tout en augmentant la productivité de l’organisation dans la fourniture de services publics plus performants.

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Halawani, Mohanad. "An iterative analytical design framework for the optimal designing of an off-grid renewable energy based hybrid smart micro-grid : a case study in a remote area - Jordan." Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/40b75bc8-d237-4aaf-9668-797739f49f74.

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Creative ways of utilising renewable energy sources in electricity generation especially in remote areas and particularly in countries depending on imported energy, while increasing energy security and reducing cost of such isolated off-grid systems, is becoming an urgently needed necessity for the effective strategic planning of Energy Systems. The aim of this research project was to design and implement a new decision support framework for the optimal design of hybrid micro grids considering different types of different technologies, where the design objective is to minimize the total cost of the hybrid micro grid while at the same time satisfying the required electric demand. Results of a comprehensive literature review, of existing analytical, decision support tools and literature on HPS, has identified the gaps and the necessary conceptual parts of an analytical decision support framework. As a result this research proposes and reports an Iterative Analytical Design Framework (IADF) and its implementation for the optimal design of an Off-grid renewable energy based hybrid smart micro-grid (OGREH-SμG) with intra and inter-grid (μG2μG & μG2G) synchronization capabilities and a novel storage technique. The modelling design and simulations were based on simulations conducted using HOMER Energy and MatLab/SIMULINK, Energy Planning and Design software platforms. The design, experimental proof of concept, verification and simulation of a new storage concept incorporating Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) fuel cell is also reported. The implementation of the smart components consisting Raspberry Pi that is devised and programmed for the semi-smart energy management framework (a novel control strategy, including synchronization capabilities) of the OGREH-SμG are also detailed and reported. The hybrid μG was designed and implemented as a case study for the Bayir/Jordan area. This research has provided an alternative decision support tool to solve Renewable Energy Integration for the optimal number, type and size of components to configure the hybrid μG. In addition this research has formulated and reported a linear cost function to mathematically verify computer based simulations and fine tune the solutions in the iterative framework and concluded that such solutions converge to a correct optimal approximation when considering the properties of the problem. As a result of this investigation it has been demonstrated that, the implemented and reported OGREH-SμG design incorporates wind and sun powered generation complemented with batteries, two fuel cell units and a diesel generator is a unique approach to Utilizing indigenous renewable energy with a capability of being able to synchronize with other μ-grids is the most effective and optimal way of electrifying developing countries with fewer resources in a sustainable way, with minimum impact on the environment while also achieving reductions in GHG. The dissertation concludes with suggested extensions to this work in the future.

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Mazzoni, Leonardo. "Essays on the role of relatedness and entrepreneurship within Smart Specialisation Strategy. Evidence from Italy with a focus on Tuscany." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/253133.

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Smart Specialisation Strategy (S3) has recently attracted the attention of many scholars, pundits and policy makers involved in regional studies, as a new industrial policy able to fill the gap between the weak capacity of Europe to innovate in comparison to its strong academic base and research institutions. S3 is described as a policy aimed to encourage structural changes, through the generation of new domains of opportunities, according to the strengths and potentialities of each region and therefore with a “place-based” outlook. Its primary element of novelty, in comparison to the previous policy approaches, is constituted by the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP), which represents the modality among institutions, firms, R&D centres, universities, through which the direction(s) of the structural change is organised. To study S3, this Ph.D. thesis focuses on two pillars considered central to understand its rationales: relatedness and entrepreneurship. On one hand, the idea of relatedness is useful to understand the economic structure of a territory and its evolution through its network of connections, outlining possible areas of future development. On the other hand, entrepreneurship, somehow a missing dimension of S3, can be considered as part of the process of opportunity scanning to “challenge” inefficiencies of the society through new models of production and consumption, proactiveness of institutions, business development strategies of firms or cultural mindset of people. The aim of the thesis is to explore this relatedness-entrepreneurship relationship within S3, using a multi-level framework of analysis able to integrate the different aspects of the two concepts, providing theoretical and empirical advancements. The thesis is structured as follows: a general introduction on S3, three papers, which analyse Italy, focusing on the case of Tuscany and some final conclusions that sum up the findings of the papers and provide some further policy insights. The content of the three papers is reported hereinafter. In the first paper the analysis is conducted in the Italian provinces defining entrepreneurship as the creation of a new business and relatedness as one of the principal mechanisms that could explain the origin of innovation in connection with a given territorial knowledge base. The distinctiveness of this first paper seeds in the study of this relationship across individual industries, computing separate measures of external and internal relatedness across 27 sectors (among manufacturing and KIBS). The results suggest a broader and positive impact of external relatedness on the concentration of new firms at the territorial level in comparison to the impact of internal relatedness. The implications suggest that Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship can be included in the cognitive framework of S3 (newborns as expression of knowledge exchanged at the local level) and that innovation policies aimed to promote path creation should consider existent strengths of the territories. The second paper studies the EDP, integrating the concept of relatedness, useful in the initial phases of design and scoping, with the one of institutional entrepreneurship as an expression of the impact of agency in the micro-dynamics that rule the final outcome of innovation policies. This framework is applied to the case of Tuscany, using a mixed methodology. As a first picture of proximity connections between sectors of Tuscany, an original computation of the “Industry Space” of Tuscany is realised (using the methodology of Hidalgo et al., 2007). Then the Technological Districts’ managers and/or coordinators are interviewed, as a sort of fact checking with the Industry Space results, to understand how they define their planning strategies and through which mechanisms they integrate knowledge and combine firms and R&D specialities. Results confirm the necessity to integrate the two concepts to obtain a more realistic “policy orientation map”, and the broader horizon released by relatedness if deeply analysed with case studies at a micro-level and if directly discussed with some central agents embedded in the regional network of proximities. The third paper studies the entrepreneurial styles (as real business men) and their ways of integrating and combining knowledge, adopting a micro interpretation on the concept of relatedness. The paper aims to identify what role can play these entrepreneurial figures as fundamental “micro pieces” in the scanning process of future opportunities of regional transformation promoted by S3. The methodology adopts a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews administered to a selected set of 24 entrepreneurs in Tuscany. The sample of the entrepreneurs, selected with a purposeful criterion, has been built thanks to the help of key informants. The gathered data are codified with the help of Gioia methodology, in order to derive some characteristics of the entrepreneur and the firms to describe some “emerging properties”. Then, a ladder of entrepreneurial typologies, able to group the specific characteristics derived from the interviews, is proposed. Results suggest a “distributed technology transfer model” as a complementary bottom up strategy to converge towards a new cyber-manufacturing regime of production.

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Brahmbhatt, H. A., Alexander P. H. Surtees, C. Tierney, O. A. Ige, E. V. Piletska, Thomas Swift, and N. W. Turner. "Effect of polymerisation by microwave on the physical properties of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) specific for caffeine." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18143.

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Yes
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) are a class of polymeric materials that exhibit highly specific recognition properties towards a chosen target. These “smart materials” offer robustness to work in extreme environmental conditions and cost effectiveness; and have shown themselves capable of the affinities/specificities observed of their biomolecular counterparts. Despite this, in many MIP systems heterogeneity generated in the polymerisation process is known to affect the performance. Microwave reactors have been extensively studied in organic chemistry because they can afford fast and well-controlled reactions, and have been used for polymerisation reactions; however, their use for creating MIPs is limited. Here we report a case study of a model MIP system imprinted for caffeine, using microwave initiation. Experimental parameters such as polymerisation time, temperature and applied microwave power have been investigated and compared with polymers prepared by oven and UV irradiation. MIPs have been characterised by BET, SEM, DSC, TGA, NMR, and HPLC for their physical properties and analyte recognition performance. The results suggest that the performance of these polymers correlates to their physical characteristics. These characteristics were significantly influenced by changes in the experimental polymerisation parameters, and the complexity of the component mixture. A series of trends were observed as each parameter was altered, suggesting that the performance of a generated polymer could be possible to predict. As expected, component selection is shown to be a major factor in the success of an imprint using this method, but this also has a significant effect on the quality of resultant polymers suggesting that only certain types of MIPs can be made using microwave irradiation. This work also indicates that the controlled polymerisation conditions offered by microwave reactors could open a promising future in the development of MIPs with more predictable analyte recognition performance, assuming material selection lends itself to this type of initiation.
DMU School of Pharmacy undergraduate project scheme for financial support.
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 13 Aug 2021.

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Dias, Real De Oliveira Fabio. "Conception d'une méthodologie d'implémentation d'applications de vision dans une plateforme hétérogène de type Smart Camera." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719000.

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Les cameras intelligentes, ou Smart Cameras, sont des systèmes embarqués de vision artificielle. Ces systèmes se différencient des caméras "communes" par leur capacité à analyser les images, afin d'en extraire des informations pertinentes sur la scène observée, et ceci de féçon autonome grâce à des dispositifs embarqués de calcul. Les applications pratiques de ce type de système sont nombreuses (vidéo-surveillance, vision industrielle, véhicules autonomes, etc.), mais leur implémentation est assez complexe, et demande un haut degré d'expertise et des temps de développement élevés. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse s'adressent à cette problématisue, et proposent une méthodologie d'implémentation permettant de simplifier le développement d'applications au sein des plateformes Smart Camera basées sur un dispositif FPGA. Cette méthodologie s'appuie d'une part sur l'instanciation au sein du FPGA d'un processeur "soft-core" taillé sur mesure, et d'autre part sur un flot de design à deux niveaux, permettant ainsi de traiter séparément les aspects matériels liés à la plateforme et les aspects algorithmiques liés à l'application

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Bueno, Leonardo da Rocha Loures. "Retrospective voting in Brazil: a case study of São Paulo’s smart-card policy." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/21939.

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Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Leonardo, Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho são necessários alguns ajustes conforme norma ABNT/APA. ESTRUTURA Capa (obrigatório)- Fonte: Arial / Tamanho da fonte: 12 Contra Capa - Fonte: Arial / Tamanho da fonte: 12 Ficha catalográfica/ Fonte: Arial / Tamanho da fonte: 12 ( Deve ser colocada exatamente como foi recebida da biblioteca, alterar apenas a numeração de pagina. Deixar as informações que estão fora do quadrado ) Folha de aprovação - Fonte: Arial / Tamanho da fonte: 12 - nesta folha NÃO tem SÃO PAULO 2018 - DEDICATÓRIA Fonte: Arial / Tamanho da fonte: 12 ( A PALAVRA DEDICATÓRIA DEVE SER MAIUSCULO/NEGRITO E CENTRALIZADO ) - Opcional - AGRADECIMENTOS - Fonte: Arial / Tamanho da fonte: 12 (A PALAVRA AGRADECIMENTO DEVE SER MAIUSCULO/NEGRITO E CENTRALIZADO ) - RESUMO (A PALAVRA RESUMO DEVE SER MAIUSCULO/NEGRITO E CENTRALIZADO): espaçamento simples (150 a 500 palavras), com palavras-chave (obrigatório). - ABSTRACT ( A PALAVRA ABSTRACT DEVE SER MAIUSCULO/NEGRITO E CENTRALIZADO ) em língua estrangeira . A numeração só pode aparecer a partir da Introdução (antes não pode ) Após os ajustes excluir o pdf já postado e submete-lo novamente para analise e aprovação. Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição, Att. Pâmela Tonsa on 2018-03-28T19:19:31Z (GMT)
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Retrospective voting is a major concern of scholars worried about democratic accountability. The work attempts to measure the retrospective voting of an important urban policy in Brazil’s largest metropolis, São Paulo - SP. The Bilhete Único policy was the first smart-card for public transportation in Brazil. Commuters with the smart-card were able to save up to three bus fares in a journey, a substantial amount of money for most of São Paulo’s citizens. Using a mixed method approach, I try to test the hypothesis that the policy improvement on welfare positively impacted the electorate performance of the incumbent mayor. My findings suggest that not all bus users rewarded the incumbent mayor for delivering the policy. In particular, students and students’ families seem to be the ones who actually felt the policy effects and cast a retrospective vote. This could be due to delivery network difficulties and to the timing of the policy. Additionally, I employ a normative discussion to establish benchmarks of better public goods. Retrospective voting does not necessarily reward the best policies, therefore the need to discuss benchmarks.
O voto retrospectivo é um grande tema de acadêmicos preocupados com a responsabilidade democrática. O trabalho tenta medir a votação retrospectiva de uma importante política urbana na maior metrópole do Brasil, São Paulo - SP. A política do Bilhete Único foi o primeiro cartão inteligente para transporte público no Brasil. Os passageiros com o cartão inteligente conseguiram economizar até três passagens de ônibus em uma viagem, uma quantia substancial de dinheiro para a maioria dos cidadãos de São Paulo. Usando uma abordagem de método misto, tento testar a hipótese de que a melhoria da política sobre o bem-estar impactou positivamente o desempenho do eleitorado da prefeita em exercício. Minhas descobertas sugerem que nem todos os usuários de ônibus recompensaram a prefeita por ter entregue a política. Em particular, alunos e as famílias dos alunos parecem ter sido os que realmente sentiram os efeitos da política e votaram retrospectivamente. Isso pode ser devido às dificuldades na rede de entrega e ao momento da política. Além disso, emprego uma discussão normativa para estabelecer benchmarks de melhores bens públicos. A votação retrospectiva não necessariamente recompensa as melhores políticas, por isso, a necessidade de discutir benchmarks.

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Runestam, Ludvig, and Henrik Wiksell. "Kan blockkedjan förbättra transaktionsprocessen? : En studie om blockkedjans funktion för kommersiella fastighetstransaktioner." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231058.

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Kommersiella fastighetstillgångar karaktäriseras av tidskrävande och komplexa transaktions-processer som är skilt från många andra tillgångsslag. Informationsasymmetrier och avsaknad av standardisering har skapat en ineffektiv kommersiell fastighetsmarknad med höga transaktionskostnader för såväl förvärv som avyttring. I takt med den teknologiska utvecklingen och den fortsatta digitaliseringen av branscher har blockkedjeteknologin väckt stort intresse. Som fundamentet bakom kryptovalutor, har allt fler branscher börjat rekognosera och implementera blockkedjebaserade system för att underlätta transaktionsrelaterade aktiviteter. Tidigare studier har behandlat hur blockkedjan kan förändra fastighetsförvaltning samt hur teknologin kan påverka fastighetsmarknaden utifrån ett över-gripande perspektiv. Studiens problemformulering grundar sig således på avsaknaden av tidigare forskning kring hur kommersiella fastighetstransaktioner kan förbättras med tillämpning av blockkedjan. Denna studie ämnar följaktligen undersöka vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som finns vid en implementering av blockkedjan i transaktionsprocessen, med syftet att bidra med insikt om hur detta kan förändra den kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden. För att adressera och analysera frågeställningen använder sig studien av tidigare akademiska forskningsstudier om processen vid fastighetstransaktioner och blockkedjetekniken för att frambringa en teoretisk referensram. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjustudien har bidragit till en omfångsrik analys och därmed djupare förståelse kring hur blockkedjetekniken kan användas inom fastighetstransaktioner. Utifrån analysen går det att identifiera ett flertal möjligheter och utmaningar med blockkedjetekniken i transaktionsprocessen. De slutsatser som framkommit ur studien är blockkedjans kapacitet att bidra med effektivare databehandling, motverka informationsasymmetrier, uppnå högre transparens samt mer tillförlitlig data. Vidare kan blockkedjan främja nätverkssäkerhet och bidra med en autonom och tydlig överlåtelseprocess, vilket kan leda till snabbare beslutsfattande och lägre transaktionskostnader. Utöver de positiva aspekterna med blockkedjan visar studien även på betydande utmaningar gällande komplex och kostnadskrävande implementering samt legala och regulatoriska hinder.
Commercial real estate assets are characterized by time-consuming and complex transaction processes that are distinguished from many other asset classes. Information asymmetries and absence of standardisation forms an inefficient commercial real estate market, with high transaction costs for both acquisitions and divestments. In line with the technological progress and digitalisation of industries, blockchain technology has awakened a lot of interest. As the foundation behind cryptocurrencies, more and more industries have begun to recognise and implement blockchain-based systems to facilitate transaction-related activities. Previous studies have discussed how blockchain can change property management and how the technology can affect the real estate market from an overall perspective. Hence, this study is based on the lack of earlier research on how commercial real estate transactions can be improved by using blockchain technology. Accordingly, this study aims at investigating the opportunities and challenges involved in implementing blockchain in the transaction process, with the purpose of providing insight into how this can change the commercial real estate market. To address and analyse the research question, the study uses previous academic research studies within the commercial real estate transaction process and blockchain technology in order to compose a theoretical framework. The study has conducted a qualitative research method through semi-structured interviews. The interviews have contributed to a comprehensive analysis and thus deeper understanding of how blockchain technology can be used in the real estate transaction process. Based on the analysis, it is possible to identify a number of opportunities and challenges with blockchain technology within the transaction process. The conclusions that have emerged from the study are blockchain's ability to contribute to more efficient information processing, by counteracting information asymmetries, achieving higher transparency and creating more reliable data. Furthermore, blockchain can improve network security and provide an autonomous and clear process the completion of the transaction, resulting in faster decision making and lower transaction costs. Beyond the positive aspects of blockchain, the study also shows significant challenges in terms of complex and costly implementation as well as legal and regulatory resistance.

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Silva, João Paulo Quinteiro Gonçalves da. "Uso de poços inteligentes em desenvolvimento de campos de petroleo sob incertezas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265429.

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Анотація:

Orientador: Denis Jose Schiozer
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A escolha da estratégia de produção é uma das tarefas mais importantes para garantir o sucesso do desenvolvimento de campos de petróleo. Dentro deste contexto, destaca-se o recente uso de poços inteligentes, que são divididos em segmentos com dispositivos que, por sua vez, possibilitam o monitoramento e maior controle da produção, em tempo real. Embora o desempenho esperado desses poços seja superior aos convencionais, em termos de maximização de produção de óleo e minimização de produção de água, não há garantias de que essa vantagem represente um desempenho econômico superior, devido aos investimentos adicionais necessários. Trabalhos recentes vêm sendo feitos para a comparação desses dois tipos de poços. Contudo, observa-se que, em muitas dessas comparações, as estratégias com poços inteligentes são otimizadas com maior cuidado e, conseqüentemente, apresentam melhores resultados. Isto pode implicar falta de confiabilidade do processo. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo criar uma metodologia de comparação justa entre poços inteligentes e convencionais. Foi desenvolvido um procedimento de otimização da estratégia de produção, aplicável aos dois tipos de poços, considerando inicialmente cenário determinístico. Esta metodologia conta também com a disponibilidade de plataformas com diferentes capacidades de produção. Foi ainda estudado o impacto de incertezas e heterogeneidades no processo. Ao final, realizou-se uma análise de decisão, considerando estratégias de poços convencionais e inteligentes, além da capacidade da plataforma, com o objetivo de direcionar a escolha do tomador de decisão. Procurou-se mostrar que a metodologia de otimização da estratégia é eficaz, no sentido de promover uma comparação criteriosa de ambos os poços estudados. Para o exemplo determinístico, de baixa heterogeneidade, as estratégias otimizadas, de poços convencionais e inteligentes, apresentaram poucas diferenças. Com a adição de incertezas e aumento da heterogeneidade, especialmente pelos canais de alta permeabilidade, os poços inteligentes passaram a apresentar vantagens. Foi mostrado ainda que as comparações entre esses dois tipos de poços resultam em diversas opções possíveis de serem aplicadas, com vantagens e desvantagens para os dois lados. A escolha depende de vários fatores; alguns desses fatores, principalmente características do caso e cenário econômico, podem ser considerados como parte do problema e devem ser tratados estatisticamente para a decisão do emprego ou não de poços inteligentes. Outros fatores são específicos para a tomada de decisão, tais como: objetivos da empresa, interesses particulares de cada projeto e aversão ao risco do tomador de decisão. A influência destes fatores no processo de otimização afeta também a decisão de utilizar ou não poços inteligentes
Abstract: The selection of a production strategy is one of the most important tasks to ensure success of petroleum fields development. In order to improve the performance of fields, the use of smart wells is becoming a common practice. In such wells, devices like valves and sensors are able to monitor and control the production in real time, adding flexibility to the operation. However, it is possible that the expected gain of these wells production does not pay off the required additional investments. Recent works compare smart and conventional wells but, generally, the smart wells strategies are optimized heeder, so that they have shown best results; this could yield lack of reliability to the process. The objective of this work is to develop a production optimization methodology allowing a fair comparison between smart and conventional wells. A methodology of production strategy optimization, which considers the availability of different production capacities, was developed and applied to both the conventional and smart wells. The methodology was applied to a slightly heterogeneous reservoir, considering a deterministic case. As a second step, the impact of uncertainties and heterogeneities on the optimized strategies was studied. Finally, a decision analysis was discussed, considering smart and conventional strategies and platform capacity. The main objective of the developed methodology was to provide reliability in the optimization process. In the deterministic example with low heterogeneity, the results showed small differences between the two alternatives. However, with the addition of uncertainties and with the increase of the heterogeneity, smart wells presented some advantages. It was shown, in the process to compare the two wells, that many possible strategies can be applied with advantages and disadvantages to both kind of wells. The differences are generally small and the choice depends on several factors. Some of this factor, especially the characteristic of the case and economic scenario, can be considered as a part of the problem and must be handling statistically. Other factors are specific of the decisionmaking process, such as: objectives of the company, particular interest of each project and risk aversion from the decision maker. The influence of these factors in the optimization process affects de decision to use or not smart wells
Mestrado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

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Serna, Audrey. "Observation et modélisation des processus exécutifs et de leur dégradation lors du vieillissement cognitif dans la réalisation des activités de la vie quotidienne." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5105.

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Résumé : Pour assister efficacement les personnes en perte d'autonomie dans le contexte des habitats intelligents, il est essentiel d'identifier les difficultés auxquelles ces personnes sont confrontées dans leur quotidien. L'objectif de ce travail est d'observer les processus exécutifs durant les activités de la vie quotidienne, ainsi que leur dysfonctionnement lors du vieillissement cognitif (normal ou lié à la maladie d'Alzheimer), puis d'élaborer un modèle théorique et informatique capable de simuler les comportements observés. Une phase d'observation et de qualification des processus de contrôle exécutif (capacités de régulation de l'action, de correction et d'adaptation lors de situations imprévues) a d'abord été réalisée, dornnant lieu à la spécification d'un modèle théorique fondé sur le modèle de contrôle attentionnel de l'action de Norman et Shallice. Le modèle théorique a ensuite été implémenté informatiquement et permet de simuler une activité quotidienne spécifique. // Abstract : In order to assist patients who are loosing their autonomy, smart homes and cognitive assistance systems have to be based on a good knowledge of people's disorders and on the difficulties they are likely to encounter in daily life. The specific objective of this PhD is to observe executive processes involved in the completion of daily activities and their impairment during ageing and dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and then to design both theoretical and computational models which are able to generate the observed behaviours. An observation and a qualification phase, allowing to observe executive control processes (action regulation, correction and adaptation when unexpected situations occur) have been first realized, leading to the specification of a theoretical model based on the Norman and Shallice model. This theoretical model has then been implemented to obtain a computational model, which allows the simulation of a specific activity of daily living.

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Дисертації з теми "Smart processes"

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