Статті в журналах: "Smart signs"

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Sayin, Muhammed O., Chung-Wei Lin, Eunsuk Kang, Shinichi Shiraishi, and Tamer Basar. "Reliable Smart Road Signs." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 21, no. 12 (December 2020): 4995–5009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2019.2946356.

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&NA;. "Smart Fabrics Monitor Patient Vital Signs." Journal of Clinical Engineering 30, no. 3 (July 2005): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004669-200507000-00006.

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Gretzel, Ulrike, and Maria Collier de Mendonça. "Smart destination brands: semiotic analysis of visual and verbal signs." International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 560–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-09-2019-0159.

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Purpose Smart tourism is a destination management approach that requires the buy-in of a myriad of stakeholders. Its many audiences and complexity demand the creation of meaningful brands to effectively position and communicate smart tourism initiatives. The purpose of this paper is to explore how smart tourism branding strategies have been implemented to communicate relevant values, benefits and attributes to industry stakeholders through institutional websites. Design/methodology/approach Based on a semiotic analysis of two smart tourism-related sites (destinosinteligentes.es and smarttourismcapital.eu), the research interprets the brand-related visual and verbal signs. Findings The findings highlight how brand elements embedded in websites communicate a brand identity and facilitate particular interpretations of smart tourism. Both brands use similar signs to promote a techtopian vision of smart destinations but employ different strategies to motivate stakeholder buy-in. Research limitations/implications Smart tourism is currently largely embedded in overall smart city initiatives and finding tourism-specific examples online is difficult. However, the two selected websites reflect the brands of multiple destinations and permit a detailed analysis of meaning making. Future research can focus on how brand-related signs are perceived by different stakeholders. Practical implications Identifying the strategies and shortcomings of current smart tourism brands informs future smart tourism branding efforts and effective communication with smart tourism stakeholders. Originality/value Semiotics is a relevant but underutilized method to understand how smart tourism initiatives conceptualize “smartness.”

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NOWOSIELSKI, Leszek. "“Smart clothing” wearable for vital signs monitoring." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2022.05.11.

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Senior, Melanie. "Novartis signs up for Google smart lens." Nature Biotechnology 32, no. 9 (September 2014): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0914-856.

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Gajanayake, G. M. T. S., W. E. M. K. D. D. Ekanayake, G. D. C. Malinda, Lakmini Malasinghe, and Subashini De Silva. "Smart Health Monitoring System." Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (March 28, 2024): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/uesb9651.

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Due to the high inpatient population in hospitals, regular monitoring of inpatients' vital signs is currently a practical concern. As a solution, our proposed system manages the continuous analysis of the vital signs of every inpatient in the general wards, and informs medical professionals in any location at any time about their inpatients' current states in real-time to improve inpatients' health. The suggested system consists of the following arrangements; arrangement for acquiring health readings, identifying the on-duty reported doctors in charge of wards, arrangement for health data exhibiting unit, fall detection, and ECG acquisition. In addition to these arrangements, a website, and an android mobile application were designed to publish measured inpatient vital signs. This proposed product is both novel and different from the existent products because, it comprises of collective arrangements, and is developed in order to assess hospital wards’ inpatients, whereas other systems are designed for remote health monitoring of patients at home. This paper describes the system that was developed and tested successfully. KEYWORDS: Real-time database, Temperature, Heart rate, SpO2, ECG, Fall detection, Website, Mobile application

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K., Senthil Kumara Raja, Vignesh Raja S., Arockia Joshwa V., and Yokesh R. "Automated Smart Healthcare Monitoring System." Journal of Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Technologies 6, no. 4 (January 2025): 368–76. https://doi.org/10.36548/jucct.2024.4.004.

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This research presents the design and implementation of a fully automated chair equipped with sensors to assess the health status of patients. The chair measures vital signs such as weight, blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen level, and temperature. The system is fully integrated with the ThingSpeak IoT cloud platform. The collected data in ThingSpeak is processed by a machine learning model in the cloud to detect sudden changes in vital signs and send alerts to notify doctors. The proposed method utilizes K-means clustering to identify abnormal or sudden variations in vital signs. Future developments aim to integrate the chair with a user-friendly application that includes patient details, a video call appointment option, medication and appointment reminders, and outpatient ID (OP ID) generation.

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Wan, Zhanzhi, Tiejun Zhou, Jianwu Xiong, and Gao Pan. "Smart Safety Design for Evacuation Signs in Large Space Buildings Based on Height Setting and Visual Range of Evacuation Signs." Buildings 14, no. 9 (September 11, 2024): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092875.

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In case of emergency, evacuation signs play an important role in guiding people to evacuate safety exits in large space buildings. Large space buildings are characterized by high ceilings and large areas. In the existing legislation and standards, the height setting of evacuation signs is fixed, but the influence of height changes on the visibility of evacuation signs is very important. This study fully considers the relationship between the height setting change of evacuation signs and the visual range and puts forward a smart safety design strategy for evacuation signs. The smart safety design consists of two parts, one is the mathematical relationship between the height change of evacuation signs and the visual range of personnel, and the other is the integration of the application process of smart devices. Firstly, the visual range of two different sizes of evacuation signs placed at the height of 1.7 to 6 m was measured experimentally in China. The results showed that: (1) with an increase in the height of the evacuation signs, their viewing distance gradually decreased and the visual range was reduced; (2) the mathematical model of the change between the height and the visual range of evacuation signs was established; (3) the height of evacuation signs between 3 to 5 m agreed more with the visual habits of the people. Then, on this basis, the smart safety design method can use related mathematical models to set the evacuation signs at the optimal height based on the actual distance between people and evacuation signs, ensuring that people can see the signs the first time, thus providing evacuation guidance for evacuees and improving the safety of large space buildings.

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B, Thyla, Bhuvanesh G, Jacob Novan Nelson A, and Abishek M. "Smart Stretcher for Measuring Vital Signs of Unconscious Persons." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.0533ecst.

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The implementation of health monitoring technology in the stretcher can help to improve the quality of health management in India. Health is one of the global challenges for humanity especially in the countries with overpopulation. The main idea here is to provide a smart system that measures the vital signs of the unconscious person so that the health care professionals can monitor the person. PIC micro controller is the device used for information processing which collectively obtains the respiratory rate, heartbeat, temperature, and the blood pressure rate of the patient which is directly updated to the hospital server via IOT. This further updates the biometric details of the patient to the police station about the accident. This system is developed by using affordable technology and merging different functions to offer a proper solution. The aim of the system is to save many human lives by preparing intense care unit in hospital, as their physical parameters are updated to the hospital before their arrival to the hospital.

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Pospelova, I. V., I. V. Cherepanova, D. S. Bragin, and V. N. Serebryakova. "Feasibility Assessment of Using Smart Trackers in Telemedicine Systems to Remotely Monitor the Overall Health of Patients in Real-Time." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 24, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2021-24-6-71-83.

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Introduction. The development of telemedicine systems intended to remotely monitor the health status of patients constitutes one of the most promising areas of contemporary science. Particularly relevant is the use of such systems to track the health of surgically treated patients. Since such patients are mobile, sensors measuring vital signs should not cause any discomfort in regular use. Thus, wearable smart trackers can be used for these purposes.Aim. The paper aims to study the possibility of using smart trackers in a telemedicine system for monitoring patient health.Materials and methods. In the study, a series of measurements was performed using GSMIN WR 41 smart bracelets in order to estimate their accuracy when measuring pulse, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation for different research subjects at rest and during intense physical exercises. In addition, the average measurement interval of the smart bracelet was determined; the operation of the smart bracelet in the telemedicine system for monitoring vital signs was considered.Results. The studies show that an average error in the measurement of vital signs (except for systolic pressure) using the smart bracelet does not exceed 10 %. In order to avoid the high error in measuring systolic pressure, an algorithm for assessing the general health of patients was developed. In addition, it is shown that the smart bracelet can detect an abrupt change in the vital signs of patients, with the average time of their measurement and data transmission to the server of the telemedicine system coming to 45 seconds.Conclusion. The study results indicate that smart bracelets can be used to remotely monitor the health of patients in real-time. These findings are confirmed by the telemedicine system designed on the basis of the smart bracelets considered in the paper.

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Romare, Charlotte, Per Enlöf, Peter Anderberg, Pether Jildenstål, Johan Sanmartin Berglund, and Lisa Skär. "Nurse anesthetists’ experiences using smart glasses to monitor patients’ vital signs during anesthesia care: A qualitative study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): e0250122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250122.

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Purpose To describe nurse anesthetists’ experiences using smart glasses to monitor patients’ vital signs during anesthesia care. Methods Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews with seven nurse anesthetists who had used smart glasses, with a customized application for monitoring vital signs, during clinical anesthesia care. Data was analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results An overarching theme became evident during analysis; Facing and embracing responsibility. Being a nurse anesthetist entails a great responsibility, and the participants demonstrated that they shouldered this responsibility with pride. The theme was divided in two sub-themes. The first of these, A new way of working, comprised the categories Adoption and Utility. This involved incorporating smart glasses into existing routines in order to provide safe anesthesia care. The second sub-theme, Encountering side effects, consisted of the categories Obstacles and Personal affect. This sub-theme concerned the possibility to use smart glasses as intended, as well as the affect on nurse anesthetists as users. Conclusion Smart glasses improved access to vital signs and enabled continuous monitoring regardless of location. Continued development and improvement, both in terms of the application software and the hardware, are necessary for smart glasses to meet nurse anesthetists’ needs in clinical practice.

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Khobragade, Pratik. "Smart Highway Road Side Symbol Detection." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 4 (April 30, 2025): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.68129.

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Automatic Discovery of road signs has lately entered attention from the computer vision exploration community. The main ideal of this system is to descry signs of a moving vehicle. Road Traffic subscribe Discovery is a technology by which a vehicle is suitable to fete the business signs put on the road e.g." speed limit" or" children" or " turn ahead". Consider a condition stoner is driving a auto at night or in stormy season also it is n't possible for motorists to keep watch on each and every road symbol or the communication plates like turn, speed swell, academy, diversion etc. This is veritably useful design in this condition Then we will use one signal transmitter on each and every symbol or communication plate on road side and whenever any vehicle passes from that symbol the transmitter positioned inside the vehicle will admit the signals and display proper communication or the symbol details on TV connected to auto. Now motorist can concentrate on driving. We're trying to apply the system with signal identification using the radio frequency technology. The business signal suggestion will inform the motorist of the current signal statusinside the auto on the dashboard. The RF transmitter will transmit the RF signal and these transmitted signal will entered by RF Receiver fitted to the vehicle and will inform motorist about the current signal status of the businesslight to perform necessary action.

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Sulastianingsih, Febri, and R. Kartono. "Smart Riders 3D Sebagai Game Pengenalan Rambu Lalu Lintas Berbasis Android." Jurnal Teknik Elektro 10, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jte.v10i2.16651.

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Android smartphone, one of the entertainment media that is used by many people for games. Besides being an entertainment media, games can be used as educational media, such as the introduction of traffic signs. Knowledge of traffic signs on motorists influences the occurrence of traffic accidents. Therefore, the introduction of traffic signs is one of the efforts in controlling traffic. This is because knowledge of traffic signs is currently lacking. In this study, it will present the making of a Smart Rider application that aims to introduce traffic signs to prospective drivers and drivers of motorized vehicles. The software development method used is Waterfall, which includes communication, planning, modeling, construction and deployment. Application testing uses material testing, functionality, usability and portability. Usability testing is done by media experts and users. Users in this study were taken from Kebumen Vocational High School 1 students. From the results of testing the application as a whole, shows that the application has a good function. The test results can be seen from the material test reaching 94.4%, the user response reached 78.74%, and the results of testing by media experts reached 87.5%. Thus, the Smart Rider application is declared feasible to be used as a game for introducing Android-based traffic signs.

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Omonov, Zafarjon. "Signs Of The Subjective Side Torture Of The Individual." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 03, no. 03 (March 30, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume03issue03-10.

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The article discusses the required and necessary elements of a crime, subjective symptoms mentioned in criminal legal norms, independent elements of torture, to be separate study, highlights the subjective aspect of torture, the behavior of persons, including illegal, its external (physical) and internal (mental) side, the processes in the psyche of the perpetrator, the act or omission, committed socially dangerous acts intentionally or negligently, the circumstances of guilt as mental attitudes, analyzes the circumstances of mental attitude as consisting of 1) smart time 2) the date of the will, 3) emotional, the differentiation of the two forms of guilt – deliberate and careless, differentiation of types of retaliation in volitional element, optional (proper retribution) or conscious conceded (twisted retribution), the motives and goals of torture, personal animosity.

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Krygier, Jaroslaw, Piotr Lubkowski, Krzysztof Maslanka, Andrzej P. Dobrowolski, Tomasz Mrozek, Wojciech Znaniecki, and Pawel Oskwarek. "Smart Medical Evacuation Support System for the Military." Sensors 24, no. 14 (July 15, 2024): 4581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24144581.

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Medical support in crisis situations is a major challenge. Efficient implementation of the medical evacuation process especially in operations with limited human resources that may occur during armed conflicts can limit the loss of these resources. Proper evacuation of wounded soldiers from the battlefield can increase the chances of their survival and rapid return to further military operations. This paper presents the technical details of the decision support system for medical evacuation to support this process. The basis for the functioning of this system is the continuous measurement of vital signs of soldiers via a specialized measurement module with a set of medical sensors. Vital signs values are then transmitted via the communication module to the analysis and inference module, which automatically determines the color of medical triage and the soldier’s chance of survival. This paper presents the results of tests of our system to validate it, which were carried out using test vectors of soldiers’ vital signs, as well as the results of the system’s performance on a group of volunteers who performed typical activities of tactical operations. The results of this study showed the usefulness of the developed system for supporting military medical services in military operations.

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Schantl, Stefan, Andreas Peter Weiss, and Franz-Peter Wenzl. "VitaLight—Light to Support Vital Signs." Proceedings 56, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020056027.

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The spectral composition of light has a significant influence on human wellbeing, emotion and health. Natural sunlight is often considered as the ideal light source in this regard. Therefore, artificial lighting solutions that mimic natural sunlight are a central research topic in the lighting industry. Another global trend is the monitoring and evaluation of the vital parameters of human beings to improve their health status and their personal lifestyle. Here, we present VitaLight, a laboratory sample for a smart lighting system that aims to interconnect these global trends and consists of VitaWatch, a wristband with functionally integrated sensors that is comfortable to wear on the body, and VitaLUMI, a lighting unit with access to the internet.

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Kotenko, Igor Vitalievich, and Igor Borisovich Parashchuk. "Features of the assessment of malicious activity in the Smart City infrastructure based on information granulation and fuzzy granular calculations." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Management, computer science and informatics 2024, no. 3 (July 29, 2024): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2072-9502-2024-3-56-64.

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The object of the research is a new methodological approach to information granulation and fuzzy granular calculations, as a mathematical and methodological tool for improving the reliability of assessing the level of information security of the Smart City infrastructure. The proposed approach is one of the options for the practical application of elements of the theory of fuzzy sets in the tasks of search, identification and current assessment of signs of time-bearing activity. A detailed analysis of the features of this approach has been carried out, determining the expediency and conditions of its application for assessing malicious activity in the infrastructure of a Smart City. The theoretical aspects of the application of information granulation and fuzzy granular computing to the assessment of malicious activity combining various signs for various categories of potential threats to the infrastructure and subjects of a Smart City - the categories “cyberattack”, “malicious virus threat” or “data leakage (loss)” are studied and described. The analysis of the features of the proposed approach is carried out, which allows taking into account the opinions of experts and eliminating the vagueness associated with noise, disorder and lack of formalization of surveillance data collected and pre-processed in the interests of assessing threats and consequences of negative manifestations of malicious activity. A sequence of calculations and analytical expressions for calculating the estimated values of signs of harmful activity for various categories of potential threats to the infrastructure and subjects of a Smart City has been developed and described in detail. The approach assumes the practical possibility of evaluating signs of malicious activity using information granules formed on the basis of a minimum numerical distance between the values of membership functions characterizing vaguely specified data on the presence or absence of observed signs (attributes) of malicious activity, as well as granular summation and determination of the trace function of the granular sum. At the same time, the proposed approach makes it possible to obtain estimates of signs of malicious activity that are adequate to the tasks of monitoring the Smart City security policy and, ultimately, provides increased reliability of proactive threat control and analysis of the possible consequences of a negative manifestation of suspicious activity.

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Poole, Michael, and Stephen B. Gilbert. "Dynamic Escape Signs for Safe Egress in School Shooter Situation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641421.

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School shooter situations can be a terrifying time for all involved. It is important that, if the situation occurs, there is a smart, efficient system in place to move each classroom to safety as quickly as possible. Methods like Run, Hide, Fight do not tell the civilians where to run, and messaging systems that attempt this are often thwarted by the shooter’s movement. A dynamic system is needed to track the shooter’s location and communicate to people how to best escape. Dynamic escape signs have been useful for improving trust and egress time during a fire. Similar smart signs could be used to respond to the shooter, updating to show safe egress routes, as well as shut down certain hallways when the shooter is within line of sight. This method has been implemented within a Unity virtual reality environment and will be tested in the future to validate its usefulness.

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Bian, Chao, Bing Ye, and Alex Mihailidis. "The Development and Concurrent Validity of a Multi-Sensor-Based Frailty Toolkit for In-Home Frailty Assessment." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 6, 2022): 3532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093532.

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Early identification of frailty is crucial to prevent or reverse its progression but faces challenges due to frailty’s insidious onset. Monitoring behavioral changes in real life may offer opportunities for the early identification of frailty before clinical visits. This study presented a sensor-based system that used heterogeneous sensors and cloud technologies to monitor behavioral and physical signs of frailty from home settings. We aimed to validate the concurrent validity of the sensor measurements. The sensor system consisted of multiple types of ambient sensors, a smart speaker, and a smart weight scale. The selection of these sensors was based on behavioral and physical signs associated with frailty. Older adults’ perspectives were also included in the system design. The sensor system prototype was tested in a simulated home lab environment with nine young, healthy participants. Cohen’s Kappa and Bland–Altman Plot were used to evaluate the agreements between the sensor and ground truth measurements. Excellent concurrent validity was achieved for all sensors except for the smart weight scale. The bivariate correlation between the smart and traditional weight scales showed a strong, positive correlation between the two measurements (r = 0.942, n = 24, p < 0.001). Overall, this work showed that the Frailty Toolkit (FT) is reliable for monitoring physical and behavioral signs of frailty in home settings.

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Rodney, Lee. "Road Signs on the Border." Space and Culture 14, no. 4 (September 30, 2011): 384–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331211412250.

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This article considers the political impact of a series of billboards that appeared at the Windsor–Detroit border and the Tijuana–San Ysidro border between 1991 and 2007. While there is a significant asymmetry between the political tensions on the northern and southern borders of the United States, there are remarkable parallels and relays between events that have taken place in major cities on these borders that indicate that generalized border anxiety has spread far beyond the localized territory of the southern borderlands. In this heightened climate of border insecurity, artists and community groups have seized on the geopolitical confusion that has emerged in mainstream American media where issues such as terrorism and illegal migration have often been folded into the same discourse. While border regions are tightly controlled spaces, these projects have served to highlight contradictory narratives of globalization and security, unmasking national insecurities that have been submerged through the bureaucratic discourses of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the more recent Smart Border agreements.

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Hamdani, Mayssa, Nabil Sahli, Nafaa Jabeur, and Nadhira Khezami. "Agent-Based Approach for Connected Vehicles and Smart Road Signs Collaboration." Computing and Informatics 41, no. 1 (2022): 376–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/cai_2022_1_376.

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Balter, M. "PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Small but Smart? Flores Hominid Shows Signs of Advanced Brain." Science 307, no. 5714 (March 4, 2005): 1386a—1389a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.307.5714.1386a.

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A. Chagas, Bruno, David F. Redmiles, and Clarisse S. de Souza. "Signs of Appropriation: A Semiotic Account of Breakdowns with IoT Technology." Journal of Interactive Systems 10 (December 20, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/jis.2019.550.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology powered by smart devices that increasingly populate our environment and transform our practices. Understanding how technologies are appropriated is a key asset for designing them successfully. In this paper, we present findings from an in situ study where we observed how people use and adapt commercially available smart home technology, in real practice, and over time. By using semiotic theory and thematic analysis to investigate data from diaries, questionnaires and interviews collected from a group of eleven participants, we characterized IoT appropriation as interpretive states that can evolve overtime. We also identified eight classes of appropriation breakdowns and derived two semiotic qualities for IoT technologies. We propose that, together, they have the potential to support productive decision making by IoT designers, as well as to raise new research questions on the topic.

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Rezayi, Sorayya, Ali Asghar Safaei, and Niloofar Mohammadzadeh. "Design and Evaluation of a Wearable Smart Blanket System for Monitoring Vital Signs of Patients in an Ambulance." Journal of Sensors 2021 (January 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8820740.

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Objectives. Considering the advantages of the wearable systems (such as continuous monitoring, ease of installation, and significant efficiency), they can also be used to monitor patients in emergency situations and, particularly, in the ambulance. This study is aimed at specifying, modeling, and evaluating a wearable smart blanket system for monitoring vital signs in emergency circumstances. Method. At first, all the smart blanket system requirements were specified using an author-made questionnaire, and the essential requirements were specified in the software requirements specification format. Such an anticipated smart wearable blanket is then modeled by Unified Modeling Language. Finally, the most important quality attributes (i.e., the nonfunctional requirements) of the proposed wearable smart blanket system were evaluated using a descriptive-analytical study. Results. Evaluation results of the proposed system show that using the smart blanket system could not only provide the required functionalities, but also, it improved the important quality attributes such as response time and delay in sending data packets (14% improvement), accuracy, energy consumption (18% improvement), reliability and fault-tolerance, and performance (28% improvement) in contrast to the compared related work. Conclusion. Using a smart wearable blanket in an ambulance instead of such in a huge ambulance cabin would be beneficial in terms of time and space, ease of use, and maybe cost while providing the required functionalities besides having proper quality attributes.

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Yoo, Sungwon, Shahzad Ahmed, Sun Kang, Duhyun Hwang, Jungjun Lee, Jungduck Son, and Sung Ho Cho. "Radar Recorded Child Vital Sign Public Dataset and Deep Learning-Based Age Group Classification Framework for Vehicular Application." Sensors 21, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 2412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21072412.

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The ongoing intense development of short-range radar systems and their improved capability of measuring small movements make these systems reliable solutions for the extraction of human vital signs in a contactless fashion. The continuous contactless monitoring of vital signs can be considered in a wide range of applications, such as remote healthcare solutions and context-aware smart sensor development. Currently, the provision of radar-recorded datasets of human vital signs is still an open issue. In this paper, we present a new frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar-recorded vital sign dataset for 50 children aged less than 13 years. A clinically approved vital sign monitoring sensor was also deployed as a reference, and data from both sensors were time-synchronized. With the presented dataset, a new child age-group classification system based on GoogLeNet is proposed to develop a child safety sensor for smart vehicles. The radar-recorded vital signs of children are divided into several age groups, and the GoogLeNet framework is trained to predict the age of unknown human test subjects.

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Umiatin, U., T. N. Laut, R. P. N. Ifa, and M. R. Faisal. "Development Of Smart Band For Vital Signs Monitoring System Based On Internet Of Things." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2866, no. 1 (October 1, 2024): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2866/1/012043.

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Abstract Vital signs are important health parameters because they indicate the physiological functions of the human body. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, body temperature, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiration rate are vital signs used to determine whether a person is healthy or not. HR is the rate at which the heart pumps blood and is measured by the number of heart beat per minute (beats per minute / BPM). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) indicates the level of hemoglobin in the blood that can bind to oxygen. This study aims to develop a smart band prototype for monitoring heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation using optical spectroscopy methods and the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT). This smart band prototype uses the MAX30102 sensor, ESP32, push button, Blynk, and Arduino IDE AVR software. The research results show that the prototype’s accuracy for HR measurement is ±98.5%, and the accuracy for SpO2 is ±99.3%. The measurement results can be sent and displayed in the Blynk application as well as to email. It can be concluded that this smart band can detect HR and SpO2 in real-time and has the potential to improve the quality of healthcare services.

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Blakstad, Hanne, Christine Wohlleben, Cathrine Saxhaug, and Petter Brandal. "SMART syndrome: two cases highlighting a complex and rare complication of brain irradiation." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 9 (September 2022): e249599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-249599.

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Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare complication of radiotherapy with complex neurological impairment. Patients present with neurological symptoms and signs such as migraine, hemianopsia, hemiplegia, aphasia and/or seizures—without recurrence of neoplastic disease. In this report, we describe SMART syndrome in two adult patients 4 and 14 years following brain irradiation, respectively.

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Andreadis, Alessandro, and Riccardo Zambon. "An IoT Smart Environment in Support of Disease Diagnosis Decentralization." Electronics 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122108.

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The percentage of seniors in the global population is constantly growing and solutions in the field of fall detection and early detection of neuro-degenerative pathologies have a crucial role in order to increase life expectancy and quality of life. This study aims to extend fall detection and effective recognition of early signs of diseases to new smart environments, conceiving the decentralization of diagnostic monitoring in everyday life activities in a more pervasive paradigm. Inspiring to research outcomes, in this work an architecture is designed to detect falls in crowded indoor environments during events/exhibitions, for favoring a timely and effective intervention. It also foresees a continue monitoring of the gait for seniors during the visit, thus extracting key features which are stored on a dedicated database. The proposed solution allows third party researchers to perform analysis on the obtained gait datasets, through the adoption of advanced data-mining techniques for the detection of early signs of neuro-degenerative diseases and other pathologies. The architecture designed here aims to provide a step forward concerning the extension of smart monitoring environments for the detection of falls and early signs of pathologies in everyday life, in a more pervasive and decentralized paradigm.

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Pica, A. Ș., and Isabela Elena Bănescu. "Efficient Security Systems Solutions for Smart Homes." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 22, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbeef-2022-0002.

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Abstract In this article we aim to make an analysis of the evolution of security systems for smart homes and to present some effective solutions. Manufacturers are not developing smart devices from scratch, but are using existing solutions launched by large IT companies to help build smart home networks. The sensors are integrated in different places in homes, offices, equipment, sometimes even clothes, to detect and monitor the location, actions, necessary signs, room temperature and humidity levels of users properties. However, ensuring confidentiality and effective security is a major challenge for smart homes. The increased risk of data security and information leakage makes smart home security an important challenge that needs to be carefully considered.

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Alqudah, Yazan A. "VITAL SIGNS REMOTE MONITORING AND ANALYSIS: SEAMLESS INTEGRATION WITH A SMART PHONE." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 25, no. 04 (August 2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237213500038.

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The ubiquity of broadband wireless coverage and widespread usage of smart phones around the world carry a potential for transforming health care services, reducing health care cost, and ensuring faster care for urgent cases. To these objectives, we present a mobile-based health monitoring solution that takes advantage of the mobile's increasing processing capability to address the rising cost of health care. The solution enables health care providers to easily analyze and diagnose a patient's data. This is possible due to the low cost in integrating a powerful data analysis tool with the mobile device. This paper presents a proof of concept that has been developed to monitor, record, and analyze the heart rate. The design enables a physician to develop custom analysis and monitoring to collect key indicators or set alerts without a need for infrastructure implementations to store or transfer the data.

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Spyropoulou, Ioanna, and Eriola Impersimi. "Powered‐two‐wheelers and smart cities: the case of variable message signs." IET Intelligent Transport Systems 14, no. 14 (December 2020): 2021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-its.2019.0702.

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Mishra, Ashish, William McDonnell, Jing Wang, Daniel Rodriguez, and Changzhi Li. "Intermodulation-Based Nonlinear Smart Health Sensing of Human Vital Signs and Location." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 158284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2950347.

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Tander, Baran. "Detection and Classification of Viewer Age Range Smart Signs at Tv Broadcast." Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal 3, no. 4 (August 31, 2012): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/sipij.2012.3410.

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Walter, Marian, Benjamin Eilebrecht, Tobias Wartzek, and Steffen Leonhardt. "The smart car seat: personalized monitoring of vital signs in automotive applications." Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 15, no. 7 (January 7, 2011): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00779-010-0350-4.

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Mitro, Nikos, Katerina Argyri, Lampros Pavlopoulos, Dimitrios Kosyvas, Lazaros Karagiannidis, Margarita Kostovasili, Fay Misichroni, Eleftherios Ouzounoglou, and Angelos Amditis. "AI-Enabled Smart Wristband Providing Real-Time Vital Signs and Stress Monitoring." Sensors 23, no. 5 (March 4, 2023): 2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052821.

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This work introduces the design, architecture, implementation, and testing of a low-cost and machine-learning-enabled device to be worn on the wrist. The suggested wearable device has been developed for use during emergency incidents of large passenger ship evacuations, and enables the real-time monitoring of the passengers’ physiological state, and stress detection. Based on a properly preprocessed PPG signal, the device provides essential biometric data (pulse rate and oxygen saturation level) and an efficient unimodal machine learning pipeline. The stress detecting machine learning pipeline is based on ultra-short-term pulse rate variability, and has been successfully integrated into the microcontroller of the developed embedded device. As a result, the presented smart wristband is able to provide real-time stress detection. The stress detection system has been trained with the use of the publicly available WESAD dataset, and its performance has been tested through a two-stage process. Initially, evaluation of the lightweight machine learning pipeline on a previously unseen subset of the WESAD dataset was performed, reaching an accuracy score equal to 91%. Subsequently, external validation was conducted, through a dedicated laboratory study of 15 volunteers subjected to well-acknowledged cognitive stressors while wearing the smart wristband, which yielded an accuracy score equal to 76%.

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Fischer, Gabriel Souto, Gabriel de Oliveira Ramos, Cristiano André da Costa, Antonio Marcos Alberti, Dalvan Griebler, Dhananjay Singh, and Rodrigo da Rosa Righi. "Multi-Hospital Management: Combining Vital Signs IoT Data and the Elasticity Technique to Support Healthcare 4.0." IoT 5, no. 2 (June 8, 2024): 381–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iot5020019.

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Smart cities can improve the quality of life of citizens by optimizing the utilization of resources. In an IoT-connected environment, people’s health can be constantly monitored, which can help identify medical problems before they become serious. However, overcrowded hospitals can lead to long waiting times for patients to receive treatment. The literature presents alternatives to address this problem by adjusting care capacity to demand. However, there is still a need for a solution that can adjust human resources in multiple healthcare settings, which is the reality of cities. This work introduces HealCity, a smart-city-focused model that can monitor patients’ use of healthcare settings and adapt the allocation of health professionals to meet their needs. HealCity uses vital signs (IoT) data in prediction techniques to anticipate when the demand for a given environment will exceed its capacity and suggests actions to allocate health professionals accordingly. Additionally, we introduce the concept of multilevel proactive human resources elasticity in smart cities, thus managing human resources at different levels of a smart city. An algorithm is also devised to automatically manage and identify the appropriate hospital for a possible future patient. Furthermore, some IoT deployment considerations are presented based on a hardware implementation for the proposed model. HealCity was evaluated with four hospital settings and obtained promising results: Compared to hospitals with rigid professional allocations, it reduced waiting time for care by up to 87.62%.

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Chandradhara, Monish, Ashlin George, Mohammed Faraaz, and Aryan Saraf. "Design of IoT based Smart Home System." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/121013.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is used to describe a network of physical objects which are connected to each other with the help of embedded sensors, transceivers and software code to communicate and share data with each other. The Internet of Things, which first took shape back in the 1980s through an ARPA-NET connected Coca-Cola Vending machine in Carnegie Mellon University has come a long way since then. In today’s world a growing proportion of new home appliances are coming with IoT features embedded in them. These include, but are not limited to Television Sets, Refrigerators, Microwave Ovens, Fitness trackers, Smart watches and even IoT enabled light bulbs. IoT devices are not only used in Homes but also in Industries where they can play a pivotal role in bringing down operating costs and helping companies make better business decisions to align their companies in the right direction. With the advent of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0, a new standard has been set that organizations follow to gain a lot of key advantages such as improving productivity, customer experience, driving down costs and taking better informed decisions. IoT devices have also entered the healthcare industry where they play a paramount role in monitoring vital signs of patients. These devices continuously monitor all the vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation.

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Taryudi, Taryudi, Linlin Lindayani, and Irma Darmawati. "Smart-bed with Internet of Things for Pressure Ulcer." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (January 8, 2022): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7876.

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AIM: The purpose of this study was to develop prototype smart-bed based on Internet of Things that consisted of automatic patient mobilization every 2 h as well as monitoring patients. Stroke patients experience pressure sores that result in increased mortality within 30 days after a stroke. Pressure sores are injuries caused by continuous pressure. Patient mobilization is the primary prevention and treatment technique for patients with pressure sores. METHODS: The proposed medical bed is designed to resolve both concerns through a revolutionary design that rotates the patient and offers an advanced patient monitoring system. Using an Android smartphone or tablet connected to the Arduino microcontroller through Bluetooth, the caregiver can rotate the bed in either direction to shift the pressure away from the back of the patient and to monitor the critical risk of ulcer pressure. RESULTS: The bed functions in two modes: manual mode, which engages the caretaker in the rotation process, and automatic mode, which rotates the bed every 2 h. The overall rotation angle is calculated by calculating the patient’s weight by means of loading cells distributed across the bed. In addition, the smart bed features sensors for certain vital signs, such as heart rate, body temperature, oximetry, humidity, and blood pressure. CONCLUSION: A novel, efficient, smart medical bed is presented to ease the lives of patients and caregivers, both of whom have difficulties using conventional beds. The proposed system automatically rotates patients as planned and tracks them for any unexpected changes in their viral signs. The proposed novel bed is fitted with a range of safety measures to ensure proper functionality and prevent any danger to patients. The patients’ vital signs are assessed.

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B, Goutham. "Smart Infant Incubator Using IOT." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 28, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34752.

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Infants are particularly vulnerable to harsh conditions. The problems with temperature and dust might be fatal. These problems led to the creation of a newborn incubator that can mimic a mother's womb in terms of temperature and ambient circumstances while also keeping track of the infant's vital signs, including heart rate, skin temperature, internal temperature, and so on. The COVID-19 epidemic has made everyone's health a top priority. For physicians, being physically present with their patients has become a major challenge. Using IoT with medical equipment, like a baby incubator, has become one of our top priorities in these situations. It will be highly beneficial to have an app that allows you to remotely monitor the baby's condition. Key Words: IOT Enabled incubators, Remote Monitoring App, Alert And Notification, Temperature, Data security, NetBeans, Android Studio

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Jovanov, Emil. "Wearables Meet IoT: Synergistic Personal Area Networks (SPANs)." Sensors 19, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194295.

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Wearable monitoring and mobile health (mHealth) revolutionized healthcare diagnostics and delivery, while the exponential increase of deployed “things” in the Internet of things (IoT) transforms our homes and industries. “Things” with embedded activity and vital sign sensors that we refer to as “smart stuff” can interact with wearable and ambient sensors. A dynamic, ad-hoc personal area network can span multiple domains and facilitate processing in synergistic personal area networks—SPANs. The synergy of information from multiple sensors can provide: (a) New information that cannot be generated from existing data alone, (b) user identification, (c) more robust assessment of physiological signals, and (d) automatic annotation of events/records. In this paper, we present possible new applications of SPANs and results of feasibility studies. Preliminary tests indicate that users interact with smart stuff—in our case, a smart water bottle—dozens of times a day and sufficiently long to collect vital signs of the users. Synergistic processing of sensors from the smartwatch and objects of everyday use may provide user identification and assessment of new parameters that individual sensors could not generate, such as pulse wave velocity (PWV) and blood pressure. As a result, SPANs facilitate seamless monitoring and annotation of vital signs dozens of times per day, every day, every time the smart object is used, without additional setup of sensors and initiation of measurements. SPANs creates a dynamic “opportunistic bubble” for ad-hoc integration with other sensors of interest around the user, wherever they go. Continuous long-term monitoring of user’s activity and vital signs can provide better diagnostic procedures and personalized feedback to motivate a proactive approach to health and wellbeing.

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Tang, Ruiyang, and Yuki Inoue. "Services on Platform Ecosystems in the Smart Home 2.0 Era: Elements Influencing Consumers’ Value Perception for Smart Home Products." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 6, 2021): 7391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217391.

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Recently, smart home products have shown signs of rapid development and increasing awareness of smart home platforms. In order to make smart home enterprises enter the era of Smart Home 2.0, it is necessary to consider the elements related to smart home platforms. This study examines the relationship between consumers’ value perception and the platform ecosystem theory and how this relationship contributes to their perception of smart home products’ value. This study aims to reveal the influence of smart home platform elements on the value perception of consumers regarding consumers’ perception of the smart home products’ value. To achieve this goal, an online survey (n = 595) was implemented to collect data from Japanese respondents. The analytical results presented in this study indicated that consumers, who sense the value of modularization of smart home products and inter-consumer connectivity, can sense the value of smart home products. In addition, consumers who can perceive the value of a platform service can indirectly feel the value of smart home products through modularity and inter-consumer connectivity. The results presented in this study provide new insights into product development in Smart Home 2.0.

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Diraco, Giovanni, Alessandro Leone, and Pietro Siciliano. "AI-Based Early Change Detection in Smart Living Environments." Sensors 19, no. 16 (August 14, 2019): 3549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163549.

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In the smart environments we live today, a great variety of heterogeneous sensors are being increasingly deployed with the aim of providing more and more value-added services. This huge availability of sensor data, together with emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods for Big Data analytics, can yield a wide array of actionable insights to help older adults continue to live independently with minimal support of caregivers. In this regard, there is a growing demand for technological solutions able to monitor human activities and vital signs in order to early detect abnormal conditions, avoiding the caregivers’ daily check of the care recipient. The aim of this study is to compare state-of-the-art machine and deep learning techniques suitable for detecting early changes in human behavior. At this purpose, specific synthetic data are generated, including activities of daily living, home locations in which such activities take place, and vital signs. The achieved results demonstrate the superiority of unsupervised deep-learning techniques over traditional supervised/semi-supervised ones in terms of detection accuracy and lead-time of prediction.

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A. Oputa, Elizabeth, A. Fakhrorazi, and Rabiul Islam. "THE INFLUENCE OF SEMIOTIC ADVERTISING EFFICACY ON GEN-Y PURCHASE INTENT: A STUDY OF REPUTABLE MAJOR BRANDS OF SMART PHONE." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7129.

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Purpose of the Study: The aim of this study is to influence the semiotic advertising efficacy on Gen-Y purchase intent of reputable major brands of smart phones. Semiotic advertising is an effective, modern approach of advertising that focuses on the use of different signs, symbols, images, and other visual aids for the purposes of marketing a given product or service. Since these signs tend to create an image of the brand in the minds of consumers and also demonstrates the association of the brand with their cultural orientations, beliefs and values, semiotic advertising is said to have a significant impact on the brand equity as perceived by generation y customers. Methodology: The data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on reputable major brands of smart phones. The methodology relied on existing previous literatures on the subject being dealt with. Results: The study presents evidence on the influence of semiotic advertising efficacy on generation-y’s purchase intent of smart phones. The study confirms that since higher brand equity is based on its components of perception, recognition, parity, loyalty, and trust and since it positively influences the purchase intentions and decisions of generation-y smart phone users, semiotic advertising must also have a positive influence on the purchase intention of buyers. Implications: It is hence implemented that purchase intentions of generation Y smart phone users increase when the efficacy of semiotic advertising increases.

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Mathew, Anitha. "E Wheel: A Smart Wheelchair." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 5497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61238.

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Abstract: In this project, we propose the development of an innovative smart electric wheelchair tailored to address the needs of individuals with mobility impairments. The primary objective is to enhance their quality of life and promote independence through the integration of cutting-edge technologies. The wheelchair's standout feature lies in its incorporation of advanced control mechanisms, notably head gesture control. This intuitive navigation system allows users to maneuver the wheelchair effortlessly, while also offering joystick controls. Furthermore, the wheelchair integrates a pulse oximeter sensor, enabling realtime health monitoring. This functionality is crucial for individuals with mobility impairments who may require continuous monitoring of vital signs such as oxygen saturation and heart rate. The inclusion of Blink facilitates remote monitoring and caregiver alerts, providing peace of mind to both users and their caregivers. Safety is paramount in the design of this wheelchair. To ensure safe navigation in various environments, the wheelchair is equipped with obstacle detection and protection mechanisms.

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E, Harini, Mohana Priya.V, Sathyapriya V, and Dr Jayamurugan G. "Smart Ambulance Service and Tracking Applications for Critical Needs." International Research Journal of Computer Science 11, no. 04 (April 5, 2024): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2024.v1104.19.

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This abstract introduces a Smart Ambulance Service (SAS) along with its accompanying service application designed to address critical needs in emergency medical care. The SAS incorporates cutting-edge technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and real-time data analytics to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency response systems. The SAS aims to revolutionize traditional ambulance services by leveraging IoT devices installed within ambulances. These devices collect vital signs of patients en route to the hospital, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen levels, and transmit this data in real-time to healthcare providers. This real-time data transmission allows medical personnel to prepare for the patients arrival, making the transition from ambulance to hospital smoother and reducing delays in treatment. Furthermore, the service application is user-friendly interface accessible to both emergency responders and hospital staff. It provides a centralized platform for managing ambulance dispatch, tracking ambulance locations and monitoring patient conditions remotely. Emergency responders can input patient information, vital signs, and the nature of the emergency directly into the application, ensuring that hospital staffs are well- informed before the ambulance arrives.

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A S, Kaviya Dharshini, Mathumetha P, Sharmila B, and Jeeva J B. "SMART Phone Based Detection of SPO₂, Heart RATE and Blood Pressure." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 18367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.18367ecst.

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Increased doubts about health during the pandemic situation creates the need for affordable and accurate wearables to measure vital signs especially temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), BP. With the advancements of technology in recent times the vital signs such as SpO2, BP, etc. can be found using a smartphone or a wearable connected to a smartphone/server through Bluetooth. In the proposed method, video of index finger taken by a smart phone under a light source reveals information regarding the vital signs SpO2, BP, heart rate when processed and it eliminates the need of manufacturing a new wearable. The results are compared with standard pulse oximeters for spo2 and the mean standard error is found between 0.5 and 4.5, with manual methods, for heart rate the results are found to be with minimal errors, with cuff-based device, for BP measurements the constants found are in inverse relation.

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Kaliyaperumal, Gopal, S. Bharath Murthy, and Sai Shankar Sudhanva G. "A Smart System for Automated Medical Emergency Alerts." Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal 15, no. 1 (March 28, 2025): 229–36. https://doi.org/10.5121/cseij.2025.15126.

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Automated alerting systems for medical emergencies leverage technology to detect, analyze and alert caregivers during health crises. By monitoring vital signs and environmental factors these systems can trigger emergency responses which can significantly improving patient outcomes [1]. This paper reviews recent advancements in automated alerting systems by focusing on methodologies utilizing machine learning, IoT integration and wearable technologies. The discussion includes comparisons of different approaches, results and future prospects into the scope of scalable systems for hospitals, nursing homes and home use.

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Ahamed, Farhad, Seyed Shahrestani, and Hon Cheung. "Internet of Things and Machine Learning for Healthy Ageing: Identifying the Early Signs of Dementia." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 6031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216031.

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Identifying the symptoms of the early stages of dementia is a difficult task, particularly for older adults living in residential care. Internet of Things (IoT) and smart environments can assist with the early detection of dementia, by nonintrusive monitoring of the daily activities of the older adults. In this work, we focus on the daily life activities of adults in a smart home setting to discover their potential cognitive anomalies using a public dataset. After analysing the dataset, extracting the features, and selecting distinctive features based on dynamic ranking, a classification model is built. We compare and contrast several machine learning approaches for developing a reliable and efficient model to identify the cognitive status of monitored adults. Using our predictive model and our approach of distinctive feature selection, we have achieved 90.74% accuracy in detecting the onset of dementia.

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Xu, Jingkai. "Explore the Impact of Smart Transportation on Urban Transportation Planning." ITM Web of Conferences 73 (2025): 01009. https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20257301009.

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With the increase and concentration of vehicles and population, a lot of people are beginning to focus on urban traffic problems, and smart transportation, as a means to effectively solve people's traffic problems, has received more and more attention. This article introduces smart transportation and the role it can play. It also introduces some core technologies and methods of smart transportation from three important perspectives: 5G technology, big data technology, and public transportation priority. The passage also takes Singapore's advanced smart transportation as an example for in-depth exploration and then draws the advantages compared with traditional traffic planning through comparison. Finally, it shows that smart transportation is of great significance for countries around the world to solve modern traffic problems and proposes an important direction for the development of urban transportation in the 21st century. All signs indicate that smart transportation will play an increasingly important role in future urban construction.

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Ayachi, Riadh, Mouna Afif, Yahia Said, and Abdessalem Ben Abdelali. "Understanding Traffic Signs by an Intelligent Advanced Driving Assistance System for Smart Vehicles." Trends Journal of Sciences Research 1, no. 1 (October 17, 2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31586/jaibd.2021.148.

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