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Статті в журналах з теми "Soil plant interactions"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Krumins, Jennifer Adams, Nina M. Goodey, and Frank Gallagher. "Plant–soil interactions in metal contaminated soils." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 80 (January 2015): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.10.011.

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2

Fernando, Denise R. "Plant–Metal Interactions in the Context of Climate Change." Stresses 2, no. 1 (2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses2010007.

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Expanding fundamental understanding of the complex and far-reaching impacts of anthropogenic climate change is essential for formulating mitigation strategies. There is abundant evidence of ongoing damage and threat to plant health across both natural and cultivated ecosystems, with potentially immeasurable cost to humanity and the health of the planet. Plant–soil systems are multi-faceted, incorporating key variables that are individually and interactively affected by climatic factors such as rainfall, solar radiation, air temperature, atmospheric CO2, and pollution. This synthesis focuses on climate effects on plant–metal interactions and related plant–soil dynamics. Ecosystems native to metalliferous soils incorporate vegetation well adapted to metal oversupply, yet climate-change is known to induce the oversupply of certain immobile soil metals by altering the chemistry of non-metalliferous soils. The latter is implicated in observed stress in some non-metal-adapted forest trees growing on ‘normal’ non-metalliferous soils. Vegetation native to riverine habitats reliant on flooding is increasingly at risk under drying conditions caused by anthropogenic water removal and climate change that ultimately limit plant access to essential trace-metal nutrients from nutrient poor sandy soils. In agricultural plant systems, it is well known that environmental conditions alter soil chemistries and plant responses to drive plant metal toxicity stress. These aspects are addressed with reference to specific scenarios and studies linking climate to plant–metal interactions, with emphasis on land plants.

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3

Fox, R. L., N. V. Hue, R. C. Jones, and R. S. Yost. "Plant-soil interactions associated with acid, weathered soils." Plant and Soil 134, no. 1 (1991): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00010718.

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4

M, Meena. "Tomato: A Model Plant to Study Plant-Pathogen Interactions." Food Science & Nutrition Technology 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000171.

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a very important vegetable plant in the worldwide because of its importance as food, quality of fruit, improves productivity, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tomato has been extensively used not just for food however conjointly as a research (plant-pathogen interactions) material. Generally, most of the tomato traits are agronomically imperative and cannot be studied using other model plant systems. It belongs to family Solanaceae and intimately associated with several commercially important plants like potato, tobacco, peppers, eggplant, and petunias. Production of tomato yield is affected each year due to range of pathogenic diseases that square measure caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and roundworm, enlarge all the methods through soil-borne, above-ground infections and in some instances are transmitted through insect feeding. This review is focused on the way to tomato-pathogen interactions analysis is very important and role of pathological processes connected factors and genes.

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5

Soto, B., and F. Diaz-Fierros. "Interactions Between Plant Ash Leachates and Soil." International Journal of Wildland Fire 3, no. 4 (1993): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9930207.

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We studied a) leaching of Ulex, Pinus and Eucalyptus ashes; b) leaching from the surface layer (0 - 5 cm) of 6 types of soil subjected to thermal shock at a range of temperatures equivalent to those reached in a wildfire (25-degrees-C to 700-degrees-C); and c) leaching of Ulex, Pinus and Eucalyptus ashes through a subsurface soil layer not subjected to thermal shock. Element release from plant ashes and heat-treated soils was highly dependent on the solubility of the principal chemical forms in which that element occurred. The monovalent cations Na and K, largely present as chlorides and carbonates, were mobilized much more rapidly than the divalent cations Ca and Mg, largely present as oxides and carbonates. Element release from heat-treated soil was also dependent on shock temperature. The monovalent cations were extensively mobilized following shocks at less than 380-degrees-C, and the divalent cations following higher-temperature shocks. These differences appear to be related to element volatilization and mineralization of organic matter. The subsurface soil not subjected to thermal shock showed a tendency to retain the elements released from plant ashes and from heat-treated surface soil. The subsurface layers may also release hydrogen ions and organic matter, as a result of cation exchange and dissolution processes respectively.

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6

Lazarus, Brynne E., James H. Richards, Victor P. Claassen, Ryan E. O’Dell, and Molly A. Ferrell. "Species specific plant-soil interactions influence plant distribution on serpentine soils." Plant and Soil 342, no. 1-2 (2011): 327–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-010-0698-2.

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7

Prisa, Domenico. "Soil Microbiota and Its Plant Interactions." International Journal of Current Research and Review 14, no. 08 (2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2022.14807.

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Microbial biodiversity comprises microorganisms belonging to all kingdoms: from prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria) to eukaryotes (fungi, microalgae, moulds, yeasts and protists). Microorganisms make up a large part of the earth’s biomass, are extraordinarily diverse and are widespread in all habitats. More than two thirds of the total biodiversity consists of bacteria, while archaea and eukaryotes occupy less than one third. Microorganisms interact with each other and with the biotic and abiotic components of their environment, creating ecosystems in which there is a dynamic balance between the different components. The rhizosphere is the portion of soil surrounding the roots of plants, from which they absorb the essential nutrients and water they need to grow. In addition to the roots, there are further biotic components in the rhizosphere, such as: symbiotic microorganisms, beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, microscopic and macroscopic fungi. The aim of this review is to increase the knowledge about the interactions between plants and soil microorganisms

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8

Etherington, J. R., R. J. Wright, V. C. Baligar, and R. P. Murrmann. "Plant--Soil Interactions at Low pH." Journal of Ecology 81, no. 1 (1993): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2261248.

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9

REDDY, M. R. "Plant and Soil Interfaces and Interactions." Soil Science 147, no. 4 (1989): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198904000-00011.

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10

&NA;. "Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH." Soil Science 154, no. 1 (1992): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199207000-00013.

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11

Szott, Lawrence T., Erick C. M. Fernandes, and Pedro A. Sanchez. "Soil-plant interactions in agroforestry systems." Forest Ecology and Management 45, no. 1-4 (1991): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90212-e.

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12

Uren, N. C. "Plant-soil interactions at low pH." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25, no. 7 (1993): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90101-g.

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13

Moore, Amber, Steve Hines, Bradford Brown, et al. "Soil–Plant Nutrient Interactions on Manure‐Enriched Calcareous Soils." Agronomy Journal 106, no. 1 (2014): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2013.0345.

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14

Pissolito, Clara, Irene A. Garibotti, Santiago A. Varela, et al. "Water-mediated changes in plant–plant and biological soil crust–plant interactions in a temperate forest ecosystem." Web Ecology 19, no. 1 (2019): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-19-27-2019.

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Abstract. In the quest to understand how biotic interactions respond to climate change, one area that remains poorly explored is how interactions involving organisms other than vascular plants will respond. However the interactions between plants and biological soil crusts (BSCs) are relevant in many ecosystems and they will likely respond uniquely to climate change. Simultaneous considerations of both plant–plant and plant–BSC interactions may substantially improve our understanding of this topic. The aim of this study is to assess whether water availability differentially affects the biotic effects of BSCs and pioneer shrubs on the early life-history stage of tree seedling growth. We conducted a greenhouse factorial experiment with soil surface cover (bare soil, soil covered by a creeping shrub and BSC covered soil) and water regime (control and drought) as factors. We monitored Nothofagus pumilio (a native tree species of ecological and economic relevance) seedling water status and growth as well as changes in soil water content and soil properties. The shrub cover had a positive effect on soil water conservation and on the water balance of seedlings under water stress. However, its effect was negative for seedling growth under both water conditions. The BSC also contributed to soil water conservation and apparently added nutrients to the soil. The net effect of the BSC on seedling growth was negative under full-watering conditions but positive under water stress conditions. This result highlights how the studied biotic interactions, and especially interactions involving BSCs, depend on changes in water availability.

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15

Vinale, Francesco, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, Emilio L. Ghisalberti, Roberta Marra, Sheridan L. Woo, and Matteo Lorito. "Trichoderma–plant–pathogen interactions." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40, no. 1 (2008): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.002.

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16

Defossez, Emmanuel, Benoît Courbaud, Benoît Marcais, Wilfried Thuiller, Elena Granda, and Georges Kunstler. "Do interactions between plant and soil biota change with elevation? A study on Fagus sylvatica." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (2011): 699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0236.

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Анотація:

Theoretical models predict weakening of negative biotic interactions and strengthening of positive interactions with increasing abiotic stress. However, most empirical tests have been restricted to plant–plant interactions. No empirical study has examined theoretical predictions of interactions between plants and below-ground micro-organisms, although soil biota strongly regulates plant community composition and dynamics. We examined variability in soil biota effects on tree regeneration across an abiotic gradient. Our candidate tree species was European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.), whose regeneration is extremely responsive to soil biota activity. In a greenhouse experiment, we measured tree survival in sterilized and non-sterilized soils collected across an elevation gradient in the French Alps. Negative effects of soil biota on tree survival decreased with elevation, similar to shifts observed in plant–plant interactions. Hence, soil biota effects must be included in theoretical models of plant biotic interactions to accurately represent and predict the effects of abiotic gradient on plant communities.

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17

Soliveres, Santiago, and Pablo García Palacios. "Secondary succession, biotic interactions and the functioning of roadside communities: plant-soil interactions matter more than plant-plant interactions." Ecosistemas 28, no. 2 (2019): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7818/ecos.1718.

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18

Schweitzer, Jennifer A., Joseph K. Bailey, Dylan G. Fischer, et al. "PLANT–SOIL–MICROORGANISM INTERACTIONS: HERITABLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLANT GENOTYPE AND ASSOCIATED SOIL MICROORGANISMS." Ecology 89, no. 3 (2008): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-0337.1.

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19

Bardgett, Richard D., Gerlinde B. De Deyn, and Nicholas J. Ostle. "Plant-soil interactions and the carbon cycle." Journal of Ecology 97, no. 5 (2009): 838–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01545.x.

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20

Piazzolla, P., A. Buondonno, F. Palmieri, and A. Stradis. "Studies on Plant Viruses-soil Colloids Interactions." Journal of Phytopathology 138, no. 2 (1993): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1993.tb01367.x.

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21

Bech, Jaume. "Potentially harmful elements in soil–plant interactions." Journal of Soils and Sediments 14, no. 4 (2014): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-0877-5.

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22

Wang, Cong, Bojie Fu, Lu Zhang, and Zhihong Xu. "Soil moisture–plant interactions: an ecohydrological review." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 1 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2167-0.

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23

van der Ent, Antony, and Hans Lambers. "Plant-soil interactions in global biodiversity hotspots." Plant and Soil 403, no. 1-2 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-016-2919-9.

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24

Blank, Robert, Robert Qualls, and James Young. "Lepidium latifolium : plant nutrient competition-soil interactions." Biology and Fertility of Soils 35, no. 6 (2002): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-002-0494-0.

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25

Hadas, A., W. E. Larson, and R. R. Allmaras. "Advances in modeling machine-soil-plant interactions." Soil and Tillage Research 11, no. 3-4 (1988): 349–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-1987(88)90006-2.

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26

Edmeades, Gregory O. "Plant-environment interactions." Field Crops Research 42, no. 2-3 (1995): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(95)90041-1.

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27

Hackett, Sean C., Alison J. Karley, and Alison E. Bennett. "Unpredicted impacts of insect endosymbionts on interactions between soil organisms, plants and aphids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1768 (2013): 20131275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1275.

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Ecologically significant symbiotic associations are frequently studied in isolation, but such studies of two-way interactions cannot always predict the responses of organisms in a community setting. To explore this issue, we adopt a community approach to examine the role of plant–microbial and insect–microbial symbioses in modulating a plant–herbivore interaction. Potato plants were grown under glass in controlled conditions and subjected to feeding from the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae . By comparing plant growth in sterile, uncultivated and cultivated soils and the performance of M. euphorbiae clones with and without the facultative endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa , we provide evidence for complex indirect interactions between insect– and plant–microbial systems. Plant biomass responded positively to the live soil treatments, on average increasing by 15% relative to sterile soil, while aphid feeding produced shifts (increases in stem biomass and reductions in stolon biomass) in plant resource allocation irrespective of soil treatment. Aphid fecundity also responded to soil treatment with aphids on sterile soil exhibiting higher fecundities than those in the uncultivated treatment. The relative allocation of biomass to roots was reduced in the presence of aphids harbouring H. defensa compared with plants inoculated with H. defensa -free aphids and aphid-free control plants. This study provides evidence for the potential of plant and insect symbionts to shift the dynamics of plant–herbivore interactions.

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28

Głuszek, Sławomir, Lidia Sas-Paszt, Beata Sumorok, and Ryszard Kozera. "Biochar-Rhizosphere Interactions – a Review." Polish Journal of Microbiology 66, no. 2 (2017): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6288.

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Biochar is a solid material of biological origin obtained from biomass carbonization, designed as a mean to reduce greenhouse gases emission and carbon sequestration in soils for a long time. Biochar has a wide spectrum of practical utilization and is applied as a promising soil improver or fertilizer in agriculture, or as a medium for soil or water remediation. Preparations of biochar increase plant growth and yielding when applied into soil and also improve plant growth conditions, mainly bio, physical and chemical properties of soil. Its physical and chemical properties have an influence on bacteria, fungi and invertebrates, both in field and laboratory conditions. Such effects on rhizosphere organisms are positive or negative depending on biochar raw material origin, charring conditions, frequency of applications, applications method and doses, but long term effects are generally positive and are associated mainly with increased soil biota activity. However, a risk assessment of biochar applications is necessary to protect food production and the soil environment. This should be accomplished by biochar production and characterization, land use implementation, economic analysis, including life cycle assessment, and environmental impact assessment.

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29

van de Voorde, Tess F. J., Wim H. van der Putten, and T. Martijn Bezemer. "Soil inoculation method determines the strength of plant–soil interactions." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 55 (December 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.05.020.

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30

Sanon, A., Z. N. Andrianjaka, Y. Prin, et al. "Rhizosphere microbiota interfers with plant-plant interactions." Plant and Soil 321, no. 1-2 (2009): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0010-5.

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31

Sanon, A., Z. N. Andrianjaka, Y. Prin, et al. "Rhizosphere microbiota interfers with plant-plant interactions." Plant and Soil 325, no. 1-2 (2009): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0100-4.

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32

Diaz, Anita, Iain Green, and Damian Evans. "Heathland Restoration Techniques: Ecological Consequences for Plant-Soil and Plant-Animal Interactions." ISRN Ecology 2011 (November 10, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/961807.

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Анотація:

We compare the soil and plant community development during heathland restoration on improved farmland when achieved through soil stripping with that achieved through soil acidification. We also test the potential for toxic metals to be made more available to plant and animal species as a result of these treatments. Acidification with elemental sulphur was found to be more effective than soil stripping for establishing an ericaceous sward despite the high levels of phosphate still present within the soil. However, both soil acidification and soil stripping were found to have the potential to increase the availability of potentially toxic metals. Acidification increased uptake of both aluminium and zinc in two common plant species Agrostis capillaris and Rumex acetosella and decreased the abundance of surface active spiders. The potential consequences for composition of restored heathland communities and for functioning of food chains are discussed.

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33

Dodd, J. C. "The Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agro- and Natural Ecosystems." Outlook on Agriculture 29, no. 1 (2000): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101293059.

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Анотація:

Symbionts called ‘mycorrhizal fungi’ occur in most biomes on earth, and are a fundamental reason for plant growth and development on the planet. The most common group of mycorrhizal fungi is that of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which colonize the roots of over 80% of land plant families, but they cannot as yet be cultured away from the host plant. AMF are primarily responsible for nutrient transfer from soil to plant, but have other roles such as soil aggregation, protection of plants against drought stress and soil pathogens, and increasing plant diversity. This is achieved by the growth of their fungal mycelium within a host root and out into the soil beyond. There is an urgent need to study the below-ground microbiology of soils in agro-and natural ecosystems, as AMF are pivotal in closing nutrient cycles and have a proven multifunctional role in soil–plant interactions. More information is also needed on the biodiversity and functional diversity of these microbes and their interactions with crops and plants.

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34

Riedel, R. M. "Interactions of plant-parasitic nematodes with soil-borne plant pathogens." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 24, no. 1-3 (1988): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(88)90072-2.

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35

He, Lei, Lulu Cheng, Liangliang Hu, Jianjun Tang, and Xin Chen. "Deviation from niche optima affects the nature of plant–plant interactions along a soil acidity gradient." Biology Letters 12, no. 1 (2016): 20150925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0925.

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Анотація:

There is increasing recognition of the importance of niche optima in the shift of plant–plant interactions along environmental stress gradients. Here, we investigate whether deviation from niche optima would affect the outcome of plant–plant interactions along a soil acidity gradient (pH = 3.1, 4.1, 5.5 and 6.1) in a pot experiment. We used the acid-tolerant species Lespedeza formosa Koehne as the neighbouring plant and the acid-tolerant species Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats. or acid-sensitive species Medicago sativa L. as the target plants. Biomass was used to determine the optimal pH and to calculate the relative interaction index (RII). We found that the relationships between RII and the deviation of soil pH from the target's optimal pH were linear for both target species. Both targets were increasingly promoted by the neighbour as pH values deviated from their optima; neighbours benefitted target plants by promoting soil symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, increasing soil organic matter or reducing soil exchangeable aluminium. Our results suggest that the shape of the curve describing the relationship between soil pH and facilitation/competition depends on the soil pH optima of the particular species.

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36

Kaisermann, Aurore, Franciska T. de Vries, Robert I. Griffiths, and Richard D. Bardgett. "Legacy effects of drought on plant-soil feedbacks and plant-plant interactions." New Phytologist 215, no. 4 (2017): 1413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.14661.

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37

Blank, Robert R., and James A. Young. "Plant-Soil Relationships ofBromus tectorumL.: Interactions among Labile Carbon Additions, Soil Invasion Status, and Fertilizer." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/929120.

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Анотація:

Invasion of western North America by the annual exotic grassBromus tectorumL. (cheatgrass) has been an ecological disaster. High soil bioavailability of nitrogen is a contributing factor in the invasive potential ofB. tectorum. Application of labile carbon sources to the soil can immobilize soil nitrogen and favor native species. We studied the interaction of labile carbon addition (sucrose), with soil invasion status and fertilizer addition on the growth ofB. tectorum. Soils were noninvaded (BNI) andB. tectoruminvaded (BI). Treatments were control, sucrose, combined fertilizer, and sucrose + fertilizer. The greenhouse experiment continued for 3 growth-cycles. After the 1st growth-cycle, sucrose addition reducedB. tectorumaboveground mass almost 70 times for the BI soil but did not significantly reduce growth in the BNI soil.B. tectorumaboveground mass, after the 1st growth-cycle, was over 27 times greater for BI control soils than BNI control soils. Although sucrose addition reduced soil-solution , tissue N was not significantly lowered, suggesting that reduction of soil available N may not be solely responsible for reduction inB. tectorumgrowth. Noninvaded soil inhibits growth ofB. tectorum. Understanding this mechanism may lead to viable control strategies.

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38

Naidu, R., and P. Rengasamy. "Ion interactions and constraints to plant nutrition in Australian sodic soils." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930801.

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Анотація:

Many of the arable soils in Australia are affected by salinity and/or sodicity. Nutrient deficiency and ion toxicity may occur in both saline and sodic soils. Ho-ever, the mechanism for these constraints on plant growth in sodic soils differs from that of saline soils. Fertility of sodic soils with low nutrient reserves is compounded by the low supply of water and oxygen to roots in profiles with dispersive clays. Nutrient constraints in sodic soils are created by the electron and proton activities (pE and pH) in an environment of degraded soil structure. Australian sodic soils accumulate relatively low levels of organic matter. High sodium, high pH and low biological activity, commonly found in these soils, are not conducive for both the accumulation of organic matter and its mineralization. As a result, these soils are deficient in N and S. Australian soils are highly weathered and have moderate to low reserves of many plant nutrients such as Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn and P. Solubility of phosphorus is generally increased in sodic soils. Poor leaching conditions accumulate boron in soil layers. Higher concentrations of sodium than of calcium in these soils are the major cause of both physical and nutritional problems. Therefore, amelioration of sodicity is the logical first step in improving the chemical fertility of sodic soils. However, fertilizer application and improvement of soil organic matter are essential to increase yields to match the potential yield predictable from climate.

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39

Medyńska-Juraszek, Agnieszka, Pierre-Adrien Rivier, Daniel Rasse, and Erik J. Joner. "Biochar Affects Heavy Metal Uptake in Plants through Interactions in the Rhizosphere." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155105.

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Heavy metals in soil pose a constant risk for animals and humans when entering their food chains, and limited means are available to reduce plant accumulation from more or less polluted soils. Biochar, which is made by pyrolysis of organic residues and sees increasing use as a soil amendment to mitigate anthropogenic C emissions and improve agronomic soil properties, has also been shown to reduce plant availability of heavy metals in soils. The cause for the reduction of metal uptake in plants when grown in soils enriched with biochar has generally been researched in terms of increased pH and alkalinity, while other potential mechanisms have been less studied. We conducted a pot experiment with barley using three soils differing in metal content and amended or not with 2% biochar made from Miscanthus x giganteus, and assessed plant contents and changes in bioavailability in bulk and rhizosphere soil by measuring extractability in acetic acid or ammonium nitrate. In spite of negligible pH changes upon biochar amendment, the results showed that biochar reduced extractability of Cu, Pb and Zn, but not of Cd. Rhizosphere soil contained more easily extractable Cu, Pb and Zn than bulk soil, while for Cd it did not. Generally, reduced plant uptake due to biochar was reflected in the amounts of metals extractable with ammonium nitrate, but not acetic acid.

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40

Waring, Bonnie G., Maria G. Gei, Lisa Rosenthal, and Jennifer S. Powers. "Plant–microbe interactions along a gradient of soil fertility in tropical dry forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 4 (2016): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000286.

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Abstract:Theoretical models predict that plant interactions with free-living soil microbes, pathogens and fungal symbionts are regulated by nutrient availability. Working along a steep natural gradient of soil fertility in a Costa Rican tropical dry forest, we examined how soil nutrients affect plant–microbe interactions using two complementary approaches. First, we measured mycorrhizal colonization of roots and soil P availability in 18 permanent plots spanning the soil fertility gradient. We measured root production, root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi, phosphatase activity and Bray P in each of 144 soil cores. Next, in a full-factorial manipulation of soil type and microbial community origin, tree seedlings of Albizia guachapele and Swietenia macrophylla were grown in sterilized high-, intermediate- and low-fertility soils paired with microbial inoculum from each soil type. Seedling growth, biomass allocation and root colonization by mycorrhizas were quantified after 2 mo. In the field, root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi was unrelated to soil phosphorus across a five-fold gradient of P availability. In the shadehouse, inoculation with soil microbes had either neutral or positive effects on plant growth, suggesting that positive effects of mycorrhizal symbionts outweighed negative effects of soil pathogens. The presence of soil microbes had a greater effect on plant biomass than variation in soil nutrient concentrations (although both effects were modest), and plant responses to mycorrhizal inoculation were not dependent on soil nutrients. Taken together, our results emphasize that soil microbial communities can influence plant growth and morphology independently of soil fertility.

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41

Schuerings, Jan, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Kerstin Grant, et al. "Absence of soil frost affects plant-soil interactions in temperate grasslands." Plant and Soil 371, no. 1-2 (2013): 559–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1724-y.

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42

Siciliano, S. D., and J. J. Germida. "Mechanisms of phytoremediation: biochemical and ecological interactions between plants and bacteria." Environmental Reviews 6, no. 1 (1998): 65–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a98-005.

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The use of plants to reduce contaminant levels in soil is a cost-effective method of reducing the risk to human and ecosystem health posed by contaminated soil sites. This review concentrates on plant-bacteria interactions that increase the degradation of hazardous organic compounds in soil. Plants and bacteria can form specific associations in which the plant provides the bacteria with a specific carbon source that induces the bacteria to reduce the phytotoxicity of the contaminated soil. Alternatively, plants and bacteria can form nonspecific associations in which normal plant processes stimulate the microbial community, which in the course of normal metabolic activity degrades contaminants in soil. Plants can provide carbon substrates and nutrients, as well as increase contaminant solubility. These biochemical mechanisms increase the degradative activity of bacteria associated with plant roots. In return, bacteria can augment the degradative capacity of plants or reduce the phytotoxicity of the contaminated soil. However, the specificity of the plant-bacteria interaction is dependent upon soil conditions, which can alter contaminant bioavailability, root exudate composition, and nutrient levels. In addition, the metabolic requirements for contaminant degradation may also dictate the form of the plant-bacteria interaction i.e., specific or nonspecific. No systematic framework that can predict plant-bacteria interactions in a contaminated soil has emerged, but it appears that the development of plant-bacteria associations that degrade contaminants in soil may be related to the presence of allelopathic chemicals in the rhizosphere. Therefore, investigations into plants that are resistant to or produce allelopathic chemicals is suggested as one possible method of identifying plant-bacteria associations that can degrade contaminants in soil.Key words: phytoremediation, mechanisms, rhizosphere, bacterial inoculants.

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Frey, J. E., and J. R. Ellis. "Relationship of soil properties and soil amendments to response of Glomus intraradices and soybeans." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 3 (1997): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-052.

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Knowledge of the role of soil properties on mycorrhizal relationships with host plants may contribute to the ecological understanding of the fungus and its effectiveness in indigenous or introduced soil conditions. This study examined the response of Glomus intraradices, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and soybean host in five benchmark soils. Glomus intraradices increased, with a few exceptions, shoot dry weight, root length, shoot phosphorus, and shoot zinc in all soils. Soil amendments (nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH adjustments) affected mycorrhizal hyphal length per plant and hyphal to root length ratio, as well as shoot Zn. Interactions among soil properties, soybean plant, and this mycorrhizal isolate suggested that soil properties, such as pH, pore diameter, and silt and organic matter, may have difficulties predicting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response. However, before soil amendment, regression models were accurate in predicting shoot dry weight, mycorrhizal colonization, and hyphal development of this mycorrhizal isolate on plants. When soil amendments were added to the soil property regression model, the predictive ability of the model was greatly reduced or nonexistent. The observations in this study indicate the effects of soil properties on root colonization and external hyphal production are important in examining AM fungal – plant interaction. An understanding of soil properties will be essential to understand mycorrhizal fungal ecology and to effectively use mycorrhiza in biological systems. Key words: mycorrhiza, soil properties, soybean growth, mycorrhizal hyphae, benchmark soils.

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44

Jansson, Christer, Swarup China, Pubudu Handakumbura, and Amir H. Ahkami. "Chemical Interactions in the Plant–Atmosphere–Soil System." ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 5, no. 12 (2021): 3279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00380.

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45

Werner, Christiane, and Maren Dubbert. "Resolving rapid dynamics of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions." New Phytologist 210, no. 3 (2016): 767–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.13936.

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46

Warden, B. T., and H. M. Reisenauer. "Manganese‐iron interactions in the plant‐soil system." Journal of Plant Nutrition 14, no. 1 (1991): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169109364180.

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47

Prescott, Cindy E., Sue J. Grayston, Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari, et al. "Surplus Carbon Drives Allocation and Plant–Soil Interactions." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 35, no. 12 (2020): 1110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.08.007.

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48

Pregitzer, Clara C., Joseph K. Bailey, and Jennifer A. Schweitzer. "Genetic by environment interactions affect plant-soil linkages." Ecology and Evolution 3, no. 7 (2013): 2322–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.618.

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49

Bull, C. T., K. G. Shetty, and K. V. Subbarao. "Interactions Between Myxobacteria, Plant Pathogenic Fungi, and Biocontrol Agents." Plant Disease 86, no. 8 (2002): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.8.889.

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Myxobacteria are soil dwelling gram-negative gliding bacteria that form fruiting bodies containing myxospores. Although myxobacteria produce a wide range of antibiotics and lytic enzymes that assist in their ability to prey on other microorganisms, their role in agriculture has received little attention. Myxococcus spp. were isolated from soils in organic and conventionally managed strawberry production and transplant fields in the absence of soil fumigation. Fumigation with methyl bromide and chloropicrin virtually eliminated these organisms from soil. However, soil fumigation had no effect on the frequency of isolation of Myxococcus spp. from strawberry roots. Six Myxococcus spp. were tested in vitro against eight soilborne plant pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon spp., Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia minor, Verticillium albo-atrum, and V. dahliae) and against two fungal biological control agents (Gliocladium virens and Trichoderma viride). Phytophthora capsici, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia spp., S. minor, and T. viride were completely inhibited by all of the Myxococcus spp. tested. F. oxysporum f. sp. apii was the least sensitive to the myxobacteria, and no inhibition occurred with some Myxococcus spp. Inhibition of the other fungi tested was variable. Myxococcus coralloides inhibited nearly all the fungi tested. The ability of bacterial biological control agents to produce antibiotics and other secondary metabolites determined whether or not they were lysed by myxobacteria. Secondary metabolite production regulated by gacS protected Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 from lysis by myxobacteria. More specifically, phenazine antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain 30–84 protected it from lysis.

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Singh, Manya, and Wallace M. Meyer. "Plant-Soil Feedback Effects on Germination and Growth of Native and Non-Native Species Common across Southern California." Diversity 12, no. 6 (2020): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060217.

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Changes in plant assemblages can influence biotic and abiotic soil conditions. These changes can cause plant–soil feedbacks that can inhibit or facilitate plant germination and growth. Here, we contribute to a growing literature examining plant–soil feedbacks in the endangered sage scrub ecosystem by examining the germination and growth of Artemisia californica, the dominant native shrub species in the ecosystem, in soil conditioned by two widespread plant invaders (Brassica nigra, Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens), and the germination and growth of these invasive species in conspecific and heterospecific soils. Our findings suggest that: (i) A. californica soils can limit establishment of some species (B. nigra) but not others (B. madritensis), (ii) A. californica soil conditions reduce growth of all plant species, and (iii) non-natives are negatively impacted by soil microbes, but in some contexts can do better in heterospecific soil. As our findings were often incongruent with other studies that examined interactions among similar species at other sites, we suggest that we are at our infancy of understanding these complex interactions, and that developing a predictive framework for understanding plant soil feedbacks in the sage scrub ecosystem involves understanding how various plant species respond in different soil contexts within the ecosystem.

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